資源簡介

Section Ⅳ　Lesson 3　Getting to the Top
Step 1　速讀——整體理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．Fears the author faces as a professional athlete.
B．Efforts the author makes to be an Olympic athlete.
C．Sacrifices the author makes to be an outstanding athlete.
D．Worries from the author’s friends about her present situation.
答案　C
Ⅱ.悉篇章結構
(Paras.1－4)The situation the writer faces Things she 1.gives up as an Olympic athlete
Her friends’ 2.worries about her
Her 3.responses/reactions to their worries
The 4.fears she faces on a daily basis
(Paras.5－8)The reasons why the writer is successful Born with an enormous amount of 5.drive and determination
Doing little 6.extra thing in preparation
Being totally 7.committed to her sport
Being 8.willing to do what might take her to the top
Step 2　細讀——深度獲取細節(jié)
1．What made the writer’s friends worried about her
A．Ruining family holidays.
B．Missing birthday parties.
C．Pushing herself to the limits.
D．Becoming dull to train with her.
答案　C
2．What is the writer’s attitude to her friends’ worries in her heart
A．Favourable. B．Defensive.
C．Objective. D．Angry.
答案　A
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．The author didn’t know clearly about her dream.
B．The author had a happy and relaxing childhood as other children.
C．Good extra preparation will set a professional athlete apart from his competitors.
D．The author missed a group ride with the local triathletes because of her brother’s wedding.
答案　C
4．Which words can be used to describe the author
A．Emotional and persistent.
B．Committed but depressed.
C．Pessimistic but disciplined.
D．Determined and ambitious.
答案　D
5．Where is the passage taken from
A．A popular science magazine.
B．A blog.
C．An academic book.
D．An encyclopaedia entry.
答案　B
Step 3　讀后——課文語法填空
As an Olympic athlete，I push 1.myself(I) to the limits.My friends worried I had no time for fun and was in danger of 2.being left(leave) with only a world championship medal because of my hard training.
To be the top in sport，I have to face enormous fears and worries on a day-to-day 3.basis(base)．I am always tired and every workout has a mental intensity that seems too much for most 4.to handle(handle)．I have little time to get together with my families.In France，in order to find a swimming pool to train in，I 5.ruined(ruin) a family holiday.It boils down to this：I was born with 6.an enormous amount of drive and determination.7.Since my childhood，I have always lived my life to extremes.
You may think my lifestyle is 8.unhealthy(healthy) and my preparations are overdone.However，if you want to be an Olympic champion and reach the winner’s platform，you had better be 9.totally(total) committed to your sport.Doing the extra little bit in our preparation sets us apart 10.from other competitors.And getting to the top inspires everyone to strive for greatness.
1．As one of the Olympic athletes(athlete)，I miss birthday parties，ruin family holidays and skip nights out，but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.(P36 Para.1)
結構分析：此句話為并列句。在第一個分句中含有miss，ruin和skip三個并列的謂語動詞。
漢語翻譯： 作為一名奧林匹克運動員，我錯過生日聚會、破壞家庭旅行、放棄夜晚外出，但是放棄這么多是有合理的理由的。
2．He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left(leave) with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.(P36 Para.1)
結構分析：此句話為復合句，兩個that引導并列賓語從句；第二個with后有兩個賓語a world championship medal和no one，第二個賓語與后面的不定式構成了with復合結構。
漢語翻譯：他擔心和我一起訓練不再是一件愉悅的事情，擔心我處于只剩下世界冠軍的獎牌而無人可以分享的危險境地。
3．I was pushing the limits and extremes(extreme) beyond what most thought were healthy.(P36 Para.2)
結構分析：此句話為復合句。what 引導賓語從句。
漢語翻譯：我把極限提升到了大多數人認為超出健康的程度。
4．I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed，ruining a family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in，almost missing my brother’s wedding because I was too busy hiring(hire) a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes.(P36 Para.4)
結構分析：此句話為復合句。其中分詞短語ruining...和almost missing...作結果狀語；because引導原因狀語從句。
漢語翻譯：我想到了曾經錯過的無數生日派對和本來可以外出狂歡的夜晚，因為一直尋找可以訓練的游泳池，而破壞了一次去法國的全家旅行；為了和當地的鐵人三項運動員一起騎行訓練，我忙著在約翰內斯堡市中心租車，開車闖過“禁行”區(qū)，差點錯過哥哥的婚禮。
5．In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee，even if it means getting injured(injure)，“I’d prefer to have(have) three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.” (P37 Para.7)
結構分析：此句話為復合句。句中even if引導讓步狀語從句，主句為直接引語。
漢語翻譯：用英國鐵人三項運動員阿利斯特爾·布朗利的話來說，即使這意味著受傷，“我也寧愿有三到四年的勝利輝煌，而不選擇十年的平庸無為。”
6．Doing what we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing to do(do) that extra little bit that might take us to the top.(P37 Para.8)
結構分析：此句話為復合句。其中what引導賓語從句，because 引導原因狀語從句，that might take us to the top為定語從句。
漢語翻譯：作為運動員，我們所做的事讓我們與眾不同，因為我們愿意做到那額外的一點點，這可能讓我們走向頂峰。
7．It is certainly not a balanced way to live(live) and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness(great)．(P37 Para.8)
結構分析：此句話為并列復合句。其中but連接的第二個分句中，who引導定語從句。
漢語翻譯：它當然不是一種平衡的生活方式，也肯定不尋常，但尋常、平衡這些詞是不會用來形容追求偉大的人的。
strive vi.努力；奮斗
strive for為……奮斗；爭取……
strive against/with反抗……；與……作斗爭
strive to do sth努力做某事
(1)Don’t strive merely for the quantity of production；quality is of vital importance.
(2)Every day he has to strive against/with distraction in order to study better.
[寫作佳句]
(3)(應用文寫作之建議信)不管以前做得多么好，你都應該始終努力取得更大的進步。
You should always strive to make greater progress，however well you have done before.
ruin vt.毀掉，糟蹋，毀壞 n．廢墟；毀滅
ruin one’s hope/chance毀掉某人的希望/機會
ruin oneself自我毀滅
in ruins破敗不堪；嚴重受損
(1)The flood ruined crops in the field，and many buildings lay in ruins.
(2)The young man is an alcoholic，and he will ruin himself(he) by drinking too much sooner or later.
[寫作佳句]
(3)他犯了一個錯誤，這讓他失去了出國的機會。
①He made a mistake，which ruined his chance of going abroad.(非限制性定語從句)
②He made a mistake，ruining his chance of going abroad.(分詞短語作狀語)
apply oneself to (doing) sth 努力；專心致志于(做)某事(applicant n．申請人 application n．申請，請求；申請書；運用)
apply (to...) for...(向……)申請……
apply to適用于；與……有關
apply...to...把……運用到……；把……涂到……
(1)I applied to the company for a position but was rejected by it.
(2)All the applicants have handed in their applications to take part in the innovation competition.(apply)
[寫作佳句]
(3)(應用文寫作之申請信)我寫信申請成為你們組織的一名志愿者。作為一名退休教師，我可以把我的教學經驗運用到志愿工作中。除此之外，我有充足的時間來專注于這項工作。如果您能考慮我的申請我將不勝感激。
I am writing to apply to be a volunteer in your organisation.As a retired teacher，I can apply my teaching experience to the voluntary work.Apart from it，I have enough time to apply myself to the work.I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration/account.
set sb/sth apart 使與眾不同
tell...apart 把……區(qū)分開
tear...apart (from)把……撕開；強行使……離開……
fall apart破裂；破碎；崩潰
take...apart將……拆開
(1)用apart短語的正確形式填空
①My niece was obsessed with social networking and her mother couldn’t tear her apart from the cellphone.
②Ultimately，their country fell apart because of political conflicts.
③It is her outstanding performance that sets her apart from others.
[寫作佳句]
(2)(讀后續(xù)寫之動作鏈描寫)當他看到那個舊鐘時，他把它拆開，找出哪里出了問題，然后把整個鐘重新組裝起來。
When he saw the old clock，he took it apart，found what was wrong，and put the whole thing together again.
average adj.平均的；平庸的，普通的 n．平均數；平均水平
above/below the average高/低于平均水平
on average平均；一般地
[寫作佳句]
(1)(2024·浙江1月，應用文寫作)在我看來，只要我們平均每天踢20分鐘毽子，我們就能釋放我們的精神壓力，恢復我們的精力。
In my opinion，only if we kick shuttlecock for 20 minutes every day on average can we release our mental pressure and restore our energy.
(2)近年來，電子設備的平均數量急劇上升，使我們能夠在線學習。
The average number of electronic devices has risen sharply in recent years，making it possible for us to study online.
the way 作先行詞的定語從句
Call it unhealthy if you want，but that is the way I roll，no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.(P37 Para.5)
你若說這是一種病態(tài)也行，但這就是我的做事風格，不管做什么我都會全力以赴。
結構分析：此句話為并列復合句。but連接兩個并列分句；第一個分句是祈使句，if引導條件狀語從句；第二個分句中含有no matter what引導的讓步狀語從句，I’m applying myself to是省略關系詞的定語從句，修飾what。
————————————————————————————————————————
the way作先行詞時，如果在定語從句中作主語或賓語，用關系代詞that/which 引導定語從句；如果定語從句中缺狀語，則用that或者in which 引導定語從句，關系詞可以省略。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)(2022·全國乙，書面表達)坦率地說，有一系列對我們英語學習有益的方法，但是找到最適合你的是非常重要的。
Frankly speaking，there are a wide range of ways that/which are of great benefit to our English learning，but it is of great significance to find one that suits you best.
(2)我?guī)缀跻罎⒘耍@時我爸爸想出一個我們能夠返回叔叔的農舍的好方法。
I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my dad came up with a good way (that/in which) we could return to my uncle’s farmhouse.
(3)你能告訴我你解那道題使用的方法嗎？
Can you tell me the way that/which you use to solve the problem
閱讀以下短文，感知黑體部分的句子，并回答其后的問題。
Mr Smith was (1)a teacher from (2)a university.We were of (3)an age.We all liked exploring (4)nature.He was (5)the first foreign teacher I had met.In (6)the 1990s，he and his wife were traveling along (7)the Yangtze River when (8)a ship wrecked.(9)The Smiths came up to help (10)the injured and saved (11)a boy by catching him by (12)the arm.The boy’s parents said they were (13)the kindest people in (14)the world.They would remember (15)the couple forever.
1．不定冠詞通常表示不確定，即泛指。a用在發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭的單詞前面，如句(1)(2)(8)(11)；an用在發(fā)音以元音音素開頭的單詞前，如句(3)。
2．定冠詞一般表示確定，即特指，如句(5)(6)(7)(9)(10)(12)(13)(14)(15)。
3．有些名詞前既不用定冠詞，也不用不定冠詞，稱作零冠詞，如句(4)。
冠詞
冠詞是一個虛詞，它置于名詞之前，限定名詞的意義。冠詞可分為定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞三類。
一、不定冠詞的用法
1．不定冠詞泛指某一類人或物中的任何一個，也可表示數量“一”或價錢、時間、速度等的“每一”。
Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they use as a platform for hunting seals.
北極多數生活在海冰上，它們將海冰作為捕捉海豹的平臺。
Dr.Spence told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
思本斯博士告訴我們：“這里五分之一的學生在牛津大學和劍橋大學繼續(xù)學習。”
2．用于序數詞前表示“又一”“再一”。
He missed the gold medal in the high jump，but will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比賽中錯失了金牌，但是在跳遠比賽中將得到再一次機會。
3．用于具體化的抽象名詞前或由動詞轉化而來的名詞前。
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在那些艱苦的日子里，能夠買一瓶飲料也是件令人寬慰的事。
4．用于不可數名詞前，表示“一陣，一場，一份”等。
All of a sudden，there was an extremely loud knock outside.突然，門外有人大聲敲門。
5．用于專有名詞前，相當于a certain，意為“某個” “一個”。
The house next door has been bought by a Mr Brown.
隔壁的房子被一位布朗先生買走了。
6．用在一些固定短語中
as a result結果
as a whole總體上
at a loss不知所措
in a way在某種程度上
in a word總之
in a hurry匆忙
pay a visit to 拜訪
make a living謀生
have/catch a cold感冒
keep an eye on 照看，留意
put an end to 使……結束
二、定冠詞的用法
1．特指某些人或物(包括上文提到過的人或物)以及談話雙方都知道的人或物。
They chose Tom to be the captain of the team because they knew he was a smart leader.
他們選湯姆做團隊的隊長，因為他們知道他是一位智慧的領導。
2．用在世界上獨一無二的事物名詞前。
The boy didn’t reply，staring at the stars in the sky and continuing playing the violin.
男孩沒有回應，只是看著天空中的星星繼續(xù)拉小提琴。
3．用于形容詞、副詞最高級，序數詞或方位詞之前。
It was the first time that the cities in the south of the country had experienced the heaviest rainfall.
這是該國南部的城市第一次經歷最嚴重的降雨。
4．用于姓氏的復數名詞前表示一家人。
The Reads went to California to seek their fortune in the 1870s.
里德一家于19世紀70年代去加利福尼亞州闖蕩。
5．用于單數名詞前表示類別。
The lion is a fierce animal，which is also in danger of dying out.
獅子是一種兇猛的動物，它也有滅絕的危險。
6．用在形容詞或形容詞化的過去分詞前，表示一類人或物。
It is reported that the injured have been sent to the hospital.據報道，傷者已被送往醫(yī)院。
Actually the rich are not always happier than the poor.
事實上，富人不總是比窮人幸福。
7．用于西洋樂器名詞前。
She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano.
她剛寫完作業(yè)，媽媽就讓她練鋼琴。
8．用于整十復數數詞或表示年代、世紀、朝代的詞前。
Since the 1990s，studying abroad has been a fashion.
20世紀90年代以來，出國留學已成為一種潮流。
It is said that the old building dates back to the Ming Dynasty.這座古建筑據說可以追溯到明代。
9．用于表示江河海洋的名詞前。
the Changjiang/Yangtze River長江
the Red Sea紅海
10．在有些詞組中，有冠詞和無冠詞的意思不同，請注意區(qū)別：
in front of 在……前面
in the front of在……范圍內的前部
in hospital(生病)住院
in the hospital在醫(yī)院里
三、零冠詞的用法
1．表示泛指的不可數名詞或可數名詞復數前不用冠詞。
Snow was falling when I woke up in the early morning.
我一大清早醒來，天正在下雪。
2．球類運動、棋類游戲等名詞前不用冠詞。
I like playing baseball.What about you
我喜歡打棒球，你呢？
3．作表語、補語、同位語的職位名詞前不用冠詞。
They elected Henry president of the society because of his great ability.
他們選舉亨利為社團主席是由于他出眾的能力。
I’m Li Ming，chairman of the school Student Council.我是李明，校學生會主席。
4．非特指的季節(jié)、月份、星期及三餐等名詞前不用冠詞。
The workers will have to complete the project by the end of June.
工人們必須在六月底完成該項目。
We’re going to hold a party.Won’t you stay for lunch，Mr William
我們要舉辦一次聚會。威廉先生，您會留下吃午餐嗎？
5．一些表示地點的名詞，如：bed，school，hospital，home，work等，當人們在這些地方做應該做的事時，不加冠詞。
go home回家
go to school去上學
go to bed睡覺
in hospital住院
go to work上班
注意：如果在上述詞組中加上定冠詞the，可以表示去這些場所做其他的事情。如：
He came to the school to speak to the headmaster.
他來學校和校長談話。
His mother is in hospital and he has been in the hospital to take care of her.
他媽媽生病住院了，他就一直在醫(yī)院里面照顧她。
6．用在一些固定短語中
at present目前　　　　 at risk處于危險中
by hand用手工　　　 by weight按重量
by chance偶然 by plane乘飛機
by mistake錯誤地　　 in trouble在困境中
in need需要　　　　　in advance提前
under repair在修理中　lose heart灰心
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．With limited time left，the senior 3 student has to strive to be admitted to a university.
2．Many people got injured in the accident but fortunately，nobody was killed.
3．I rushed back to the dormitory for him，only to find he had left.
4．We keep a cat and two dogs.The cat is black and the dogs are white.
5．The biggest whale is the blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long and the height of an 8-story building.
6．To his surprise，his opponent is not opposed to giving him a second chance.
7．He is not only the best student in our class，but also has an excellent sense of humour.
8．I was reading a novel attentively when my English teacher patted me on the head.
9．She stayed up until 11：30 pm one evening on purpose just to see the moonlight.
10．One thing we can do to help solve this problem is walk or use a bicycle when possible.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．教授犯了一個可怕的錯誤，幾乎毀了他的職業(yè)生涯。
The professor made a terrible mistake，which almost ruined his career.
2．看到他在舞臺上完美地彈鋼琴，我從心底感到自豪。
Seeing him playing the piano perfectly on the platform，I felt proud from the bottom of my heart.
3．她很快意識到這可能是因為她坐在最后一排。
She quickly realized that it was probably because of the fact that she sat in the last row.
4．因此，他們與周圍人的交流變得越來越少。
As a result，their communication with people around them becomes less and less.
5．音樂在我的生活中扮演著如此重要的角色，以至于我只要有空就聽。
Music plays such an important part/role in my life that I listen to it whenever I can.
Ⅲ.用恰當的冠詞完成下列語段
On 1.an extremely warm day，I looked at 2.the window and saw 3.a bird perching in 4.the tree.I kept watching it but it didn’t see me.5.The bird looked beautiful.Suddenly 6.a cat appeared and 7.the bird got frightened.It seemed as if the bird was in 8./ danger.However，it turned out that I shouldn’t have been worried about it.It had flown away swiftly before 9.the cat drew near.What 10.an unforgettable day!
訓練4　Lesson 3
[分值：62.5分]
Ⅰ.單句寫作(課文佳句仿寫)(滿分15分)
1．這名外國學生努力學漢語，很快就可以說得很流暢了。(apply oneself to)
The foreign student applied himself to learning Chinese and soon he could speak it with fluency.
2．他讀了很多中文小說，寫了很多日記，這使他與其他外國學生不同。(set sb apart；非限制性定語從句)
He read a number of Chinese novels and wrote lots of diaries，which set him apart from other foreign students.
3．教授認為他是一個優(yōu)秀的外語學習者，他的成績高于平均水平。(average；并列句)
The professor considered him an excellent foreign language learner，and his performance was above the average.
4．此外，他與老師和同學交談的方式非常有禮貌。(the way 作先行詞的定語從句)
Besides，the way (that/in which) he talked to his teachers and classmates was extremely polite.
5．他完全明白，決心、勇敢和勤奮可以幫助他追求卓越。(strive；賓語從句)
He fully understood that determination，bravery and hard work could help him strive for excellence.
組句成篇　以上句子可以加上過渡詞語和其他聯(lián)想內容組成一篇小短文。
參考范文
The foreign student applied himself to learning Chinese and soon he could speak it with fluency.That was because he read a number of Chinese novels and wrote lots of diaries，which set him apart from other foreign students.The professor considered him an excellent foreign language learner，and his performance was above the average.Besides，the way (that/in which) he talked to his teachers and classmates was extremely polite.Actually，he fully understood that determination，bravery and hard work could help him strive for excellence.
Ⅱ.主題語篇閱讀(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)
A
(2025·廣東深圳高二上期中)
A famous springboard diver was defeated by his competitor in the finals of a world championship，offering congratulations to the winner and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience.
It is common in the athletic world.Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions.When it becomes evident that they are on the decline，they still make great efforts to give their best so as to bring a satisfactory end to their career.
Chances to compete for the championship are few and far between.Life is short.Still shorter is the time for an athlete trying to win games.An athletic contestant really feels that there are so few opportunities and time flies.He treasures every minute，makes full use of it and tries to grasp any chance coming his way.He gets as much as he gives，winning honors not only for himself but also for his country.
To participate and to win—that is the Olympic spirit.It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong，and the strong searching forever better performance.Ever better—the ideal always makes a sportsman forward.He will do everything he can for it，never relax，never give up.It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated—even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger.This is the rule of sports—thousands of losers set off one winner who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list.However，he is always trying to do the best he can.When the time comes and he knows he can’t，he will step down happily to give place to the younger winner，aware contentedly of the fact that he has done his best for the “ever better” records of the Olympic Games.He will say proudly that he has not lived his youth in vain.
1．What is the function of the paragraph 1
A．To explain a phenomenon.
B．To describe a competition.
C．To lead in the topic of this passage.
D．To express worries about sportsmen.
答案　C
解析　推理判斷題。根據第一段“A famous springboard diver was defeated...and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience.”和第二段的“It is common in the athletic world.Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions.”可推知，第一段的作用是引出這篇文章的主題。故選C。
2．According to the passage，what kind of ideal pushes an athlete forward
A．He wants to win people’s respect.
B．He wants to win honor for his nation.
C．He wants to make greater achievements than ever.
D．He wants to earn more and more money and fame.
答案　C
解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段的“It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong，and the strong searching forever better performance.Ever better—the ideal always makes a sportsman forward.”可知，推動運動員前進的理想是他想取得比以往更大的成就。故選C。
3．What can be learnt from the rule of sports
A．Whatever difficulties you have met，never give up.
B．Even the strongest athlete will be defeated one day.
C．You can’t live in the sports field without any effort or progress.
D．You are the winner if you are brave enough to challenge the strong.
答案　B
解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段的“It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated—even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger.This is the rule of sports—thousands of losers set off one winner who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list.”可知，我們可以從體育運動的規(guī)律中了解到，即使是最強的運動員也有被打敗的一天。故選B。
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．Sportsmen’s spirit.
B．Sportsmen’s life.
C．Sportsmen’s honor.
D．Sportsmen’s pride.
答案　A
解析　主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據最后一段的“To participate and to win—that is the Olympic spirit.It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong，and the strong searching forever better performance.”可知，本文主要講的是運動員精神，故選A。
B
(2025·河北邯鄲高二上期中)
“From this moment forward，in an effort to keep a healthy lifestyle，I’ve determined not to consume any snacks except bread” is what I told myself yesterday，and yet here I am today eating a chocolate bar.I’m aware that I’m breaking my own promise to myself.Instead of eating this，I should be working out or something.But the thing is，chocolate is too good at this moment for me to refuse it!
As I type this，I’m experiencing what’s called instant gratification(即時滿足)—the desire to experience pleasure or fulfillment without delaying it for a future benefit.In fact，when you want it，you get it.
Instant gratification is also the exact opposite of what we’re taught to do—delayed gratification (延遲滿足): deciding to put off satisfying our current want to gain something better in the future.We’ve all encountered instant gratification before.Should I sleep in or wake up early to work out When I get home，should I rest and watch TV first or get started on my homework
All humans tend to seek pleasure and avoid pain，a basic concept known as the pleasure principle.Originally coined(創(chuàng)造) by Sigmund Freud，it clearly states that all humans are driven，to some extent，by pleasure.
However，pleasant not doing your homework may seem right now，it only results in guilt(愧疚) and last-minute panicking late at night.An inability to resist instant gratification may result in underachieving in the long term and failure to meet certain goals.
Instant gratification，however，is not necessarily a bad thing.You don’t always have to say no to things you want at that moment，and it’s good to treat yourself when you need it.In other words，times when you “treat yourself” are only valuable in combination with delayed gratification.While my chocolate bar may taste good now，it’ll taste even better if I only eat it after I’ve worked out or done something healthy.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了即時滿足與延遲滿足之間的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系，以及它們對個人行為和長期目標實現的影響。
5．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By making a contrast.
B．By describing a personal experience.
C．By giving a definition.
D．By listing detailed problems.
答案　B
解析　寫作手法題。作者在第一段開頭引入了自己在昨天所做的承諾，接著描述了這個承諾與今天的行為之間的反差，即作者之前決定不吃零食但今天卻吃了巧克力棒，以個人經歷作為引子，引出主題——即時滿足與延遲滿足的討論。故選B。
6．Which of the following is an example of instant gratification
A．Driving to eat what you want late at night.
B．Exercising regularly for long-term health.
C．Limiting time on social media apps.
D．Finishing homework before watching TV.
答案　A
解析　推理判斷題。根據第二段可知，所謂的即時滿足指的是不會因為未來的利益而推遲享受快樂或滿足感。選項A“深夜開車去吃想吃的東西”指的是為了滿足當前的欲望(想吃的東西)而不顧其他(如時間、健康等)的行為，這正是即時滿足的特點。故選A。
7．What’s the author’s attitude of instant gratification
A．Objective. B．Doubtful.
C．Negative. D．Unconcerned.
答案　A
解析　觀點態(tài)度題。根據倒數第二段中的“An inability to resist instant gratification ...to meet certain goals.”以及最后一段中的“Instant gratification，however，is not necessarily a bad thing...when you need it.”可知，作者在文章中既指出即時滿足可能帶來的問題，也提到即時滿足在某些情況下是有價值的，如在自己需要的時候善待自己。這表明作者對它的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選A。
8．What can be the best title for the text
A．The Power of Instant Gratification
B．The Pleasure Principle and Its Result
C．Instant Gratification：A Double-Edged Sword
D．The Difficulties of Modern Lifestyle Choices
答案　C
解析　標題歸納題。根據文章可知，作者在文章中既指出即時滿足可能帶來的問題，也提到即時滿足在某些情況下是有價值的。選項C“即時滿足：一把雙刃劍” 既指出即時滿足的吸引力(積極方面)，也暗示其可能帶來的問題(消極方面)，與文章的內容相符。故選C。
Ⅲ.七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
Pursue Your Dreams Today，Not Tomorrow
Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams We often put off our dreams，trapped in a cycle of delay.But why wait 1 You don’t have to take a huge，life-changing step.You can take minute steps toward a brighter future.And start right now.
2 If you never try，you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets.You’re always going to wonder how your life would have turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself.Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.
It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never going to succeed.Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their field. 3 Embrace a mindset of determination，knowing that success is within your reach.
At the end of the day，you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction.If you allow your fear to get the best of you，you’re never going to forgive yourself. 4 It’s what you would encourage your friends to do，so why aren’t you giving yourself that same push
Sometimes，following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day.It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule，but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your hearts.Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams. 5
Pursue your dreams now，even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone，and even though it means entering the unknown.
A．Ask yourself what would be worse.
B．Starting small is completely acceptable.
C．New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
D．Only you can help yourself go after your dreams.
E．If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F．You need to move forward confidently and explore yourself fully and deeply.
G．Hard as it is，it’s important to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
1．答案　B
解析　根據上文“But why wait？”可知，追求夢想不應該等待。結合下文，你不需要邁出巨大的、改變人生的一步，你可以一步一步走向更光明的未來。故本句是在建議從小的地方開始。B選項(從小事做起是完全可以接受的)承上啟下，故選B。
2．答案　D
解析　設空處位于句首，根據下文“If you never try，you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets...Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.”可知，本段的主旨是給自己一個改變生活的機會，即建議去追求自己的夢想。D選項(只有你能幫自己追求夢想)能概括本段主旨，故選D。
3．答案　G
解析　根據上文可知，不管你多大年齡，也不管多少人警告過你永遠不會成功，這都不重要。即使是最成功的人，也曾對自己能否在自己的領域取得成功產生過懷疑。結合下文“a mindset of determination”可知，要擁有堅定的心態(tài)。G選項(盡管困難重重，但擺脫心中的疑慮是至關重要的)切題，選項中的“wave off the doubts”與上文“hesitations”相呼應，語意連貫，故選G。
4．答案　F
解析　根據上文可知，不要讓恐懼占據了你最好的一面，所以空格處應描述要克服恐懼，勇往直前。F選項(你需要自信地勇往直前，全面而深入地發(fā)掘自己的能力)符合語境，選項中的“move forward confidently”與上文中的“fear”形成對比。故選F。
5．答案　E
解析　根據上文可知，在你現在的生活和你的夢想之間要取得平衡，本句為本段最后一句，故應說明這么做的結果。E選項(如果一切順利，你可以逐漸做出進一步的改變)承接上文，符合語境，故選E。
Ⅳ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
(2025·湖南長沙高二上期中)
China launched a mission(任務) Friday that aims to bring back samples(樣品) from the far side of the moon for the first time，a major step forward for the country’s space program.
The Chang’e-6 probe(探測器) 1. (send) up yesterday on a Long March-5 rocket from the Wenchang Space Launch Center，in which space fans gathered to watch the historic moment.The launch was 2. huge success.
The 53-day task will see the Chang’e-6 lander touch down on the moon’s far side,3.______ never faces Earth.Any far-side samples can 4. (potential) help scientists look back into the evolution of the moon and the solar system.
It is a key test for China’s space abilities in its effort 5. (build) the country into a space power.China has made rapid space advancements in recent years，in a field traditionally 6. (lead) by the United States and Russia.
China has long said it stands 7. the peaceful use of space and hopes to better work with other countries in the space field.This time，China has said the Chang’e-6 task carries scientific 8. (instrument) from France，Italy，Pakistan and the European Space Agency.
In addition to 9. (return) samples that could help people study the origin and early history of the moon and the solar system，the mission also serves as a robotic practice for these steps to get astronauts to the moon 10. back.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了我國發(fā)射嫦娥六號探測器并首次從月球背面帶回樣本，這標志著我國航天計劃取得重大進步。
1．答案　was sent
解析　考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。謂語動詞send與主語The Chang’e-6 probe之間是被動關系，根據時間狀語yesterday可知，應用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語是單數名詞，be動詞用was。故填was sent。
2．答案　a
解析　考查冠詞。success在句中表示“成功的人或事”，為可數名詞，且表泛指，huge的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故填不定冠詞a。
3．答案　which
解析　考查定語從句。“ never faces Earth”為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the moon’s far side，關系詞在定語從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which引導該從句。故填which。
4．答案　potentially
解析　考查副詞。空處修飾動詞help，用副詞potentially作狀語，意為“可能地，潛在地”。故填potentially。
5．答案　to build
解析　考查非謂語動詞。名詞effort后常用不定式作后置定語，effort to do...意為“做……的努力”。故填to build。
6．答案　led
解析　考查非謂語動詞。空處作非謂語，lead“引領，領導”與其邏輯主語a field之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞形式表被動，作后置定語。故填led。
7．答案　for
解析　考查介詞。stand for是固定短語，意為“支持，代表”。故填for。
8．答案　instruments
解析　考查名詞復數。此處instrument作賓語，意為“儀器”，可數名詞，由后文“from France，Italy，Pakistan and the European Space Agency”可知，應用復數形式表示多個國家的儀器。故填instruments。
9．答案　returning
解析　考查非謂語動詞。空處作介詞 to的賓語，用動名詞形式。故填returning。
10．答案　and
解析　考查連詞。“get astronauts to the moon”和“(get astronauts) back”之間是并列關系，用連詞and連接。故填and。(共106張PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Lesson 3　Getting to the Top
SUCCESS
UNIT 2
內容索引
Part 1　課文深度理解
Part 2　長句難句分析
Part 3　語言知識梳理
Part 4　語法項目精講
訓練4
課文深度理解
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A.Fears the author faces as a professional athlete.
B.Efforts the author makes to be an Olympic athlete.
C.Sacrifices the author makes to be an outstanding athlete.
D.Worries from the author’s friends about her present situation.
Step 1　速讀——整體理解文意
√
(Paras.1－4)The situation the writer faces Things she 1. as an Olympic athlete
Her friends’ 2. about her
Her 3. to their worries
The 4. she faces on a daily basis
Ⅱ.悉篇章結構
gives up
worries
responses/reactions
fears
(Paras.5－8)The reasons why the writer is successful Born with an enormous amount of 5.___________
_____________
Doing little 6. thing in preparation
Being totally 7. to her sport
Being 8. to do what might take her to the top
drive and
determination
extra
committed
willing
1.What made the writer’s friends worried about her
A.Ruining family holidays.
B.Missing birthday parties.
C.Pushing herself to the limits.
D.Becoming dull to train with her.
√
Step 2　細讀——深度獲取細節(jié)
2.What is the writer’s attitude to her friends’ worries in her heart
A.Favourable. B.Defensive.
C.Objective. D.Angry.
√
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.The author didn’t know clearly about her dream.
B.The author had a happy and relaxing childhood as other children.
C.Good extra preparation will set a professional athlete apart from his
competitors.
D.The author missed a group ride with the local triathletes because of her
brother’s wedding.
√
4.Which words can be used to describe the author
A.Emotional and persistent.
B.Committed but depressed.
C.Pessimistic but disciplined.
D.Determined and ambitious.
√
5.Where is the passage taken from
A.A popular science magazine.
B.A blog.
C.An academic book.
D.An encyclopaedia entry.
√
As an Olympic athlete，I push 1. (I) to the limits.My friends worried I had no time for fun and was in danger of 2. (leave) with only a world championship medal because of my hard training.
To be the top in sport，I have to face enormous fears and worries on a day-to-day 3. (base).I am always tired and every workout has a mental intensity that seems too much for most 4. (handle).I have little time to get together with my families.In France，in order to find a swimming pool to train in，I 5. (ruin) a family holiday.
Step 3　讀后——課文語法填空
myself
being left
basis
to handle
ruined
It boils down to this：I was born with 6. enormous amount of drive and determination.7. my childhood，I have always lived my life to extremes.
You may think my lifestyle is 8. (healthy) and my preparations are overdone.However，if you want to be an Olympic champion and reach the winner’s platform，you had better be 9._______
(total) committed to your sport.Doing the extra little bit in our preparation sets us apart 10. other competitors.And getting to the top inspires everyone to strive for greatness.
an
Since
unhealthy
totally
from
返 回
長句難句分析
1.As one of the Olympic (athlete)，I miss birthday parties，ruin family holidays and skip nights out，but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.(P36 Para.1)
結構分析：此句話為 句。在第一個分句中含有miss，ruin和skip三個并列的 。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
athletes
并列
謂語動詞
作為一名奧林匹克運動員，我錯過生日聚會、破壞家庭旅行、放棄夜晚外出，但是放棄這么多是有合理的理由的。
2.He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of (leave) with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.(P36 Para.1)
結構分析：此句話為 句，兩個that引導 從句；第二個with后有兩個賓語 和 ，第二個賓語與后面的不定式構成了with復合結構。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
being left
復合
并列賓語
他擔心和我一起訓練不再是一件愉悅的事情，擔心我處于只剩下世界冠軍的獎牌而無人可以分享的危險境地。
a world championship medal
no one
3.I was pushing the limits and (extreme) beyond what most thought were healthy.(P36 Para.2)
結構分析：此句話為 句。what 引導 從句。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
extremes
復合
賓語
我把極限提升到了大多數人認為超出健康的程度。
4.I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed，ruining a family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in，almost missing my brother’s wedding because I was too busy (hire) a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride the local triathletes.(P36 Para.4)
結構分析：此句話為 句。其中分詞短語ruining...和almost missing...作 ；because引導 從句。
hiring
with
復合
結果狀語
原因狀語
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
我想到了曾經錯過的無數生日派對和本來可以外出狂歡的夜晚，因為一直尋找可以訓練的游泳池，而破壞了一次去法國的全家旅行；為了和當地的鐵人三項運動員一起騎行訓練，我忙著在約翰內斯堡市中心租車，開車闖過“禁行”區(qū)，差點錯過哥哥的婚禮。
5.In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee，even if it means getting (injure)，“I’d prefer (have) three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.” (P37 Para.7)
結構分析：此句話為 句。句中even if引導 從句，主句為直接引語。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
injured
to have
復合
讓步狀語
用英國鐵人三項運動員阿利斯特爾·布朗利的話來說，即使這意味著受傷，“我也寧愿有三到四年的勝利輝煌，而不選擇十年的平庸無為。”
6.Doing what we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing _____
(do) that extra little bit that might take us to the top.(P37 Para.8)
結構分析：此句話為 句。其中what引導 從句，because 引導
從句，that might take us to the top為 從句。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
to do
復合
賓語
原因狀語
作為運動員，我們所做的事讓我們與眾不同，因為我們愿意做到那額外的一點點，這可能讓我們走向頂峰。
定語
7.It is certainly not a balanced way (live) and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for (great).(P37 Para.8)
結構分析：此句話為 句。其中but連接的第二個分句中，who引導 從句。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
to live
greatness
并列復合
定語
它當然不是一種平衡的生活方式，也肯定不尋常，但尋常、平衡這些詞是不會用來形容追求偉大的人的。
返 回
語言知識梳理
vi.努力；奮斗
1
strive
strive for為……奮斗；爭取……
strive against/with反抗……；與……作斗爭
strive to do sth努力做某事
(1)Don’t strive merely the quantity of production；quality is of vital importance.
(2)Every day he has to strive distraction in order to study better.
for
against/with
(3)(應用文寫作之建議信)不管以前做得多么好，你都應該始終努力取得更大的進步。
You should always ，however well you have done before.
strive to make greater progress
寫作佳句
vt.毀掉，糟蹋，毀壞 n.廢墟；毀滅
2
ruin
·ruin one’s hope/chance毀掉某人的希望/機會
ruin oneself自我毀滅
·in ruins破敗不堪；嚴重受損
(1)The flood ruined crops in the field，and many buildings lay ruins.
(2)The young man is an alcoholic，and he will ruin (he) by drinking too much sooner or later.
in
himself
(3)他犯了一個錯誤，這讓他失去了出國的機會。
①He made a mistake， .
(非限制性定語從句)
②He made a mistake， .(分詞短語作狀語)
寫作佳句
which ruined his chance of going abroad
ruining his chance of going abroad
努力；專心致志于(做)某事(applicant n.申請人 application n.申請，請求；申請書；運用)
3
apply oneself to (doing) sth
apply (to...) for...(向……)申請……
apply to適用于；與……有關
apply...to...把……運用到……；把……涂到……
(1)I applied to the company a position but was rejected by it.
(2)All the have handed in their to take part in the innovation competition.(apply)
for
applicants
applications
(3)(應用文寫作之申請信)我寫信申請成為你們組織的一名志愿者。作為一名退休教師，我可以把我的教學經驗運用到志愿工作中。除此之外，我有充足的時間來專注于這項工作。如果您能考慮我的申請我將不勝感激。
I am writing to in your organisation.As a retired teacher，I the voluntary work.Apart from it，I have enough time to _________
.I would appreciate it ___________________
.
寫作佳句
apply to be a volunteer
can apply my teaching experience to
apply
myself to the work
if you could take my
application into consideration/account
使與眾不同
4
set sb/sth apart
tell...apart 把……區(qū)分開
tear...apart (from)把……撕開；強行使……離開……
fall apart破裂；破碎；崩潰
take...apart將……拆開
(1)用apart短語的正確形式填空
①My niece was obsessed with social networking and her mother couldn’t
her from the cellphone.
②Ultimately，their country because of political conflicts.
③It is her outstanding performance that her from others.
tear
apart
fell apart
sets
apart
(2)(讀后續(xù)寫之動作鏈描寫)當他看到那個舊鐘時，他把它拆開，找出哪里出了問題，然后把整個鐘重新組裝起來。
When he saw the old clock，he ，found what was wrong，and put the whole thing together again.
寫作佳句
took it apart
adj.平均的；平庸的，普通的 n.平均數；平均水平
5
average
above/below the average高/低于平均水平
on average平均；一般地
(1)(2024·浙江1月，應用文寫作)在我看來，只要我們平均每天踢20分鐘毽子，我們就能釋放我們的精神壓力，恢復我們的精力。
In my opinion，only if we kick shuttlecock __________________
can we release our mental pressure and restore our energy.
寫作佳句
for 20 minutes every
day on average
(2)近年來，電子設備的平均數量急劇上升，使我們能夠在線學習。
in recent years，making it possible for us to study online.
寫作佳句
The average number of electronic devices has risen sharply
6
the way 作先行詞的定語從句
Call it unhealthy if you want，but that is the way I roll，no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.(P37 Para.5)
你若說這是一種病態(tài)也行，但這就是我的做事風格，不管做什么我都會全力以赴。
結構分析：此句話為并列復合句。but連接兩個并列分句；第一個分句是祈使句，if引導條件狀語從句；第二個分句中含有no matter what引導的讓步狀語從句，I’m applying myself to是省略關系詞的定語從句，修飾what。
the way作先行詞時，如果在定語從句中作主語或賓語，用關系代詞that/which 引導定語從句；如果定語從句中缺狀語，則用that或者in which 引導定語從句，關系詞可以省略。
(1)(2022·全國乙，書面表達)坦率地說，有一系列對我們英語學習有益的方法，但是找到最適合你的是非常重要的。
Frankly speaking，there are a wide range of ways ___________________
our English learning，but it is of great significance to find one that suits you best.
that/which are of great
benefit to
返 回
(2)我?guī)缀跻罎⒘耍@時我爸爸想出一個我們能夠返回叔叔的農舍的好方法。
I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my dad came up with a good way .
(3)你能告訴我你解那道題使用的方法嗎？
Can you tell me the way
(that/in which) we could return to my uncle’s farmhouse
that/which you use to solve the problem
語法項目精講
閱讀以下短文，感知加顏色部分的句子，并回答其后的問題。
Mr Smith was (1)a teacher from (2)a university.We were of (3)an age.We all liked exploring (4)nature.He was (5)the first foreign teacher I had met.In (6)the 1990s，he and his wife were traveling along (7)the Yangtze River when (8)a ship wrecked.(9)The Smiths came up to help (10)the injured and saved (11)a boy by catching him by (12)the arm.The boy’s parents said they were (13)the kindest people in (14)the world.They would remember (15)the couple forever.
情境導讀
1.不定冠詞通常表示不確定，即 。a用在發(fā)音以 開頭的單詞前面，如句(1)(2)(8)(11)；an用在發(fā)音以 開頭的單詞前，如 句(3)。
2.定冠詞一般表示確定，即 ，如句(5)(6)(7)(9)(10)(12)(13)(14)(15)。
3.有些名詞前既不用定冠詞，也不用不定冠詞，稱作 ，如句(4)。
泛指
輔音音素
元音音素
零冠詞
特指
冠詞
冠詞是一個虛詞，它置于名詞之前，限定名詞的意義。冠詞可分為定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞三類。
語法精講
一、不定冠詞的用法
1.不定冠詞泛指某一類人或物中的任何一個，也可表示數量“一”或價錢、時間、速度等的“每一”。
Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they use as a platform for hunting seals.
北極多數生活在海冰上，它們將海冰作為捕捉海豹的平臺。
Dr.Spence told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
思本斯博士告訴我們：“這里五分之一的學生在牛津大學和劍橋大學繼續(xù)學習。”
2.用于序數詞前表示“又一”“再一”。
He missed the gold medal in the high jump，but will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比賽中錯失了金牌，但是在跳遠比賽中將得到再一次機會。
3.用于具體化的抽象名詞前或由動詞轉化而來的名詞前。
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在那些艱苦的日子里，能夠買一瓶飲料也是件令人寬慰的事。
4.用于不可數名詞前，表示“一陣，一場，一份”等。
All of a sudden，there was an extremely loud knock outside.突然，門外有人大聲敲門。
5.用于專有名詞前，相當于a certain，意為“某個” “一個”。
The house next door has been bought by a Mr Brown.
隔壁的房子被一位布朗先生買走了。
6.用在一些固定短語中
as a result結果
as a whole總體上
at a loss不知所措
in a way在某種程度上
in a word總之
in a hurry匆忙
pay a visit to 拜訪
make a living謀生
have/catch a cold感冒
keep an eye on 照看，留意
put an end to 使……結束
二、定冠詞的用法
1.特指某些人或物(包括上文提到過的人或物)以及談話雙方都知道的人或物。
They chose Tom to be the captain of the team because they knew he was a smart leader.
他們選湯姆做團隊的隊長，因為他們知道他是一位智慧的領導。
2.用在世界上獨一無二的事物名詞前。
The boy didn’t reply，staring at the stars in the sky and continuing playing the violin.
男孩沒有回應，只是看著天空中的星星繼續(xù)拉小提琴。
3.用于形容詞、副詞最高級，序數詞或方位詞之前。
It was the first time that the cities in the south of the country had experienced the heaviest rainfall.
這是該國南部的城市第一次經歷最嚴重的降雨。
4.用于姓氏的復數名詞前表示一家人。
The Reads went to California to seek their fortune in the 1870s.
里德一家于19世紀70年代去加利福尼亞州闖蕩。
5.用于單數名詞前表示類別。
The lion is a fierce animal，which is also in danger of dying out.
獅子是一種兇猛的動物，它也有滅絕的危險。
6.用在形容詞或形容詞化的過去分詞前，表示一類人或物。
It is reported that the injured have been sent to the hospital.據報道，傷者已被送往醫(yī)院。
Actually the rich are not always happier than the poor.
事實上，富人不總是比窮人幸福。
7.用于西洋樂器名詞前。
She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano.
她剛寫完作業(yè)，媽媽就讓她練鋼琴。
8.用于整十復數數詞或表示年代、世紀、朝代的詞前。
Since the 1990s，studying abroad has been a fashion.
20世紀90年代以來，出國留學已成為一種潮流。
It is said that the old building dates back to the Ming Dynasty.這座古建筑據說可以追溯到明代。
9.用于表示江河海洋的名詞前。
the Changjiang/Yangtze River長江
the Red Sea紅海
10.在有些詞組中，有冠詞和無冠詞的意思不同，請注意區(qū)別：
in front of 在……前面
in the front of在……范圍內的前部
in hospital(生病)住院
in the hospital在醫(yī)院里
三、零冠詞的用法
1.表示泛指的不可數名詞或可數名詞復數前不用冠詞。
Snow was falling when I woke up in the early morning.
我一大清早醒來，天正在下雪。
2.球類運動、棋類游戲等名詞前不用冠詞。
I like playing baseball.What about you
我喜歡打棒球，你呢？
3.作表語、補語、同位語的職位名詞前不用冠詞。
They elected Henry president of the society because of his great ability.
他們選舉亨利為社團主席是由于他出眾的能力。
I’m Li Ming，chairman of the school Student Council.我是李明，校學生會主席。
4.非特指的季節(jié)、月份、星期及三餐等名詞前不用冠詞。
The workers will have to complete the project by the end of June.
工人們必須在六月底完成該項目。
We’re going to hold a party.Won’t you stay for lunch，Mr William
我們要舉辦一次聚會。威廉先生，您會留下吃午餐嗎？
5.一些表示地點的名詞，如：bed，school，hospital，home，work等，當人們在這些地方做應該做的事時，不加冠詞。
go home回家
go to school去上學
go to bed睡覺
in hospital住院
go to work上班
注意：如果在上述詞組中加上定冠詞the，可以表示去這些場所做其他的事情。如：
He came to the school to speak to the headmaster.
他來學校和校長談話。
His mother is in hospital and he has been in the hospital to take care of her.
他媽媽生病住院了，他就一直在醫(yī)院里面照顧她。
6.用在一些固定短語中
at present目前　　　　 at risk處于危險中
by hand用手工　　　 by weight按重量
by chance偶然 by plane乘飛機
by mistake錯誤地　　 in trouble在困境中
in need需要　　　　　 in advance提前
under repair在修理中　 lose heart灰心
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.With limited time left，the senior 3 student has to strive to be admitted to university.
2.Many people got injured in accident but fortunately，nobody was killed.
3.I rushed back to dormitory for him，only to find he had left.
4.We keep a cat and two dogs. cat is black and the dogs are white.
5. biggest whale is the blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long and the height of 8-story building.
達標檢測
a
the
the
The
The
an
6.To his surprise，his opponent is not opposed to giving him second chance.
7.He is not only the best student in our class，but also has excellent sense of humour.
8.I was reading a novel attentively when my English teacher patted me on
head.
9.She stayed up until 11：30 pm one evening on purpose just to see _____
moonlight.
10.One thing we can do to help solve this problem is walk or use bicycle when possible.
a
an
the
the
a
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.教授犯了一個可怕的錯誤，幾乎毀了他的職業(yè)生涯。
The professor made ，which almost ruined his career.
2.看到他在舞臺上完美地彈鋼琴，我從心底感到自豪。
Seeing him on the platform，I felt proud from the bottom of my heart.
3.她很快意識到這可能是因為她坐在最后一排。
She quickly realized that it was probably because of the fact that _______
.
a terrible mistake
playing the piano perfectly
she sat
in the last row
4.因此，他們與周圍人的交流變得越來越少。
，their communication with people around them becomes less and less.
5.音樂在我的生活中扮演著如此重要的角色，以至于我只要有空就聽。
Music in my life that I listen to it whenever I can.
As a result
plays such an important part/role
Ⅲ.用恰當的冠詞完成下列語段
On 1. extremely warm day，I looked at 2. window and saw
3. bird perching in 4. tree.I kept watching it but it didn’t see me.
5. bird looked beautiful.Suddenly 6. cat appeared and 7.______
bird got frightened.It seemed as if the bird was in 8. danger.However，it turned out that I shouldn’t have been worried about it.It had flown away swiftly before 9. cat drew near.What 10. unforgettable day!
an
the
返 回
a
the
The
the
a
/
the
an
訓練4
1.這名外國學生努力學漢語，很快就可以說得很流暢了。(apply oneself to)
and soon he could speak it with fluency.
2.他讀了很多中文小說，寫了很多日記，這使他與其他外國學生不同。(set sb apart；非限制性定語從句)
He read a number of Chinese novels and wrote lots of diaries，_________
.
Ⅰ.單句寫作(課文佳句仿寫)
The foreign student applied himself to learning Chinese
which set
him apart from other foreign students
3.教授認為他是一個優(yōu)秀的外語學習者，他的成績高于平均水平。(average；并列句)
The professor considered him an excellent foreign language learner，___
.
4.此外，他與老師和同學交談的方式非常有禮貌。(the way 作先行詞的定語從句)
Besides，______________________________________________________
was extremely polite.
and
his performance was above the average
the way (that/in which) he talked to his teachers and classmates
5.他完全明白，決心、勇敢和勤奮可以幫助他追求卓越。(strive；賓語從句)
He fully understood _____________________________________________
.
組句成篇　以上句子可以加上過渡詞語和其他聯(lián)想內容組成一篇小短文。
that determination，bravery and hard work could
help him strive for excellence
參考范文
The foreign student applied himself to learning Chinese and soon he could speak it with fluency.That was because he read a number of Chinese novels and wrote lots of diaries，which set him apart from other foreign students.The professor considered him an excellent foreign language learner，and his performance was above the average.Besides，the way (that/in which) he talked to his teachers and classmates was extremely polite.Actually，he fully understood that determination，bravery and hard work could help him strive for excellence.
A
(2025·廣東深圳高二上期中)
A famous springboard diver was defeated by his competitor in the finals of a world championship，offering congratulations to the winner and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience.
Ⅱ.主題語篇閱讀
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是運動員在職業(yè)生涯中不懈追求的精神。
It is common in the athletic world.Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions.When it becomes evident that they are on the decline，they still make great efforts to give their best so as to bring a satisfactory end to their career.
Chances to compete for the championship are few and far between.Life is short.Still shorter is the time for an athlete trying to win games.An athletic contestant really feels that there are so few opportunities and time flies.He treasures every minute，makes full use of it and tries to grasp any chance coming his way.He gets as much as he gives，winning honors not only for himself but also for his country.
To participate and to win—that is the Olympic spirit.It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong，and the strong searching forever better performance.Ever better—the ideal always makes a sportsman forward.He will do everything he can for it，never relax，never give up.It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated—even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger.This is the rule of sports—thousands of losers set off one winner who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list.
However，he is always trying to do the best he can.When the time comes and he knows he can’t，he will step down happily to give place to the younger winner，aware contentedly of the fact that he has done his best for the “ever better” records of the Olympic Games.He will say proudly that he has not lived his youth in vain.
1.What is the function of the paragraph 1
A.To explain a phenomenon.
B.To describe a competition.
C.To lead in the topic of this passage.
D.To express worries about sportsmen.
√
推理判斷題。根據第一段“A famous springboard diver was defeated...and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience.”和第二段的“It is common in the athletic world.Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions.”可推知，第一段的作用是引出這篇文章的主題。故選C。
解析
2.According to the passage，what kind of ideal pushes an athlete forward
A.He wants to win people’s respect.
B.He wants to win honor for his nation.
C.He wants to make greater achievements than ever.
D.He wants to earn more and more money and fame.
細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段的“It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong，and the strong searching forever better performance.Ever better—the ideal always makes a sportsman forward.”可知，推動運動員前進的理想是他想取得比以往更大的成就。故選C。
解析
√
3.What can be learnt from the rule of sports
A.Whatever difficulties you have met，never give up.
B.Even the strongest athlete will be defeated one day.
C.You can’t live in the sports field without any effort or progress.
D.You are the winner if you are brave enough to challenge the strong.
√
細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段的“It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated—even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger.This is the rule of sports—thousands of losers set off one winner who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list.”可知，我們可以從體育運動的規(guī)律中了解到，即使是最強的運動員也有被打敗的一天。故選B。
解析
4.What is the passage mainly about
A.Sportsmen’s spirit.
B.Sportsmen’s life.
C.Sportsmen’s honor.
D.Sportsmen’s pride.
√
主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據最后一段的“To participate and to win—that is the Olympic spirit.It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong，and the strong searching forever better performance.”可知，本文主要講的是運動員精神，故選A。
解析
B
(2025·河北邯鄲高二上期中)
“From this moment forward，in an effort to keep a healthy lifestyle，I’ve determined not to consume any snacks except bread” is what I told myself yesterday，and yet here I am today eating a chocolate bar.I’m aware that I’m breaking my own promise to myself.Instead of eating this，I should be working out or something.But the thing is，chocolate is too good at this moment for me to refuse it!
語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了即時滿足與延遲滿足之間的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系，以及它們對個人行為和長期目標實現的影響。
As I type this，I’m experiencing what’s called instant gratification(即時滿足)—the desire to experience pleasure or fulfillment without delaying it for a future benefit.In fact，when you want it，you get it.
Instant gratification is also the exact opposite of what we’re taught to do—delayed gratification (延遲滿足): deciding to put off satisfying our current want to gain something better in the future.We’ve all encountered instant gratification before.Should I sleep in or wake up early to work out When I get home，should I rest and watch TV first or get started on my homework
All humans tend to seek pleasure and avoid pain，a basic concept known as the pleasure principle.Originally coined(創(chuàng)造) by Sigmund Freud，it clearly states that all humans are driven，to some extent，by pleasure.
However，pleasant not doing your homework may seem right now，it only results in guilt(愧疚) and last-minute panicking late at night.An inability to resist instant gratification may result in underachieving in the long term and failure to meet certain goals.
Instant gratification，however，is not necessarily a bad thing.You don’t always have to say no to things you want at that moment，and it’s good to treat yourself when you need it.In other words，times when you “treat yourself” are only valuable in combination with delayed gratification.While my chocolate bar may taste good now，it’ll taste even better if I only eat it after I’ve worked out or done something healthy.
5.How does the author introduce the topic
A.By making a contrast.
B.By describing a personal experience.
C.By giving a definition.
D.By listing detailed problems.
√
寫作手法題。作者在第一段開頭引入了自己在昨天所做的承諾，接著描述了這個承諾與今天的行為之間的反差，即作者之前決定不吃零食但今天卻吃了巧克力棒，以個人經歷作為引子，引出主題——即時滿足與延遲滿足的討論。故選B。
解析
6.Which of the following is an example of instant gratification
A.Driving to eat what you want late at night.
B.Exercising regularly for long-term health.
C.Limiting time on social media apps.
D.Finishing homework before watching TV.
√
推理判斷題。根據第二段可知，所謂的即時滿足指的是不會因為未來的利益而推遲享受快樂或滿足感。選項A“深夜開車去吃想吃的東西”指的是為了滿足當前的欲望(想吃的東西)而不顧其他(如時間、健康等)的行為，這正是即時滿足的特點。故選A。
解析
7.What’s the author’s attitude of instant gratification
A.Objective. B.Doubtful.
C.Negative. D.Unconcerned.
√
觀點態(tài)度題。根據倒數第二段中的“An inability to resist instant gratification ...to meet certain goals.”以及最后一段中的“Instant gratification，however，is not necessarily a bad thing...when you need it.”可知，作者在文章中既指出即時滿足可能帶來的問題，也提到即時滿足在某些情況下是有價值的，如在自己需要的時候善待自己。這表明作者對它的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選A。
解析
8.What can be the best title for the text
A.The Power of Instant Gratification
B.The Pleasure Principle and Its Result
C.Instant Gratification：A Double-Edged Sword
D.The Difficulties of Modern Lifestyle Choices
√
標題歸納題。根據文章可知，作者在文章中既指出即時滿足可能帶來的問題，也提到即時滿足在某些情況下是有價值的。選項C“即時滿足：一把雙刃劍” 既指出即時滿足的吸引力(積極方面)，也暗示其可能帶來的問題(消極方面)，與文章的內容相符。故選C。
解析
Pursue Your Dreams Today，Not Tomorrow
Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams We often put off our dreams，trapped in a cycle of delay.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的夢想提出了一些建議。
Ⅲ.七選五
But why wait 1 You don’t have to take a huge，life-changing step.You can take minute steps toward a brighter future.And start right now.
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
D.Only you can help yourself go after your dreams.
E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move forward confidently and explore yourself fully and deeply.
G.Hard as it is，it’s important to wave off the doubts in the back of your
mind.
√
根據上文“But why wait？”可知，追求夢想不應該等待。結合下文，你不需要邁出巨大的、改變人生的一步，你可以一步一步走向更光明的未來。故本句是在建議從小的地方開始。B選項(從小事做起是完全可以接受的)承上啟下，故選B。
解析
2 If you never try，you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets.
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
D.Only you can help yourself go after your dreams.
E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move forward confidently and explore yourself fully and
deeply.
G.Hard as it is，it’s important to wave off the doubts in the back of your
mind.
√
設空處位于句首，根據下文“If you never try，you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets...Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.”可知，本段的主旨是給自己一個改變生活的機會，即建議去追求自己的夢想。D選項(只有你能幫自己追求夢想)能概括本段主旨，故選D。
解析
You’re always going to wonder how your life would have turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself.Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.
It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never going to succeed.Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their field.
3 Embrace a mindset of determination，knowing that success is within your reach.
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
D.Only you can help yourself go after your dreams.
E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move forward confidently and explore yourself fully and deeply.
G.Hard as it is，it’s important to wave off the doubts in the back of your
mind.
√
根據上文可知，不管你多大年齡，也不管多少人警告過你永遠不會成功，這都不重要。即使是最成功的人，也曾對自己能否在自己的領域取得成功產生過懷疑。結合下文“a mindset of determination”可知，要擁有堅定的心態(tài)。G選項(盡管困難重重，但擺脫心中的疑慮是至關重要的)切題，選項中的“wave off the doubts”與上文“hesitations”相呼應，語意連貫，故選G。
解析
At the end of the day，you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction.If you allow your fear to get the best of you，you’re never going to forgive yourself. 4 It’s what you would encourage your friends to do，so why aren’t you giving yourself that same push
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
D.Only you can help yourself go after your dreams.
E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move forward confidently and explore yourself fully and deeply.
G.Hard as it is，it’s important to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
√
根據上文可知，不要讓恐懼占據了你最好的一面，所以空格處應描述要克服恐懼，勇往直前。F選項(你需要自信地勇往直前，全面而深入地發(fā)掘自己的能力)符合語境，選項中的“move forward confidently”與上文中的“fear”形成對比。故選F。
解析
Sometimes，following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day.It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule，but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your hearts.Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams. 5
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
D.Only you can help yourself go after your dreams.
E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move forward confidently and explore yourself fully and deeply.
G.Hard as it is，it’s important to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
√
根據上文可知，在你現在的生活和你的夢想之間要取得平衡，本句為本段最后一句，故應說明這么做的結果。E選項(如果一切順利，你可以逐漸做出進一步的改變)承接上文，符合語境，故選E。
解析
Pursue your dreams now，even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone，and even though it means entering the unknown.
(2025·湖南長沙高二上期中)
China launched a mission(任務) Friday that aims to bring back samples(樣品) from the far side of the moon for the first time，a major step forward for the country’s space program.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了我國發(fā)射嫦娥六號探測器并首次從月球背面帶回樣本，這標志著我國航天計劃取得重大進步。
Ⅳ.語法填空
The Chang’e-6 probe(探測器) 1. (send) up yesterday on a Long March-5 rocket from the Wenchang Space Launch Center，in which space fans gathered to watch the historic moment.The launch was
2. huge success.
was sent
a
1.考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。謂語動詞send與主語The Chang’e-6 probe之間是被動關系，根據時間狀語yesterday可知，應用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語是單數名詞，be動詞用was。故填was sent。
2.考查冠詞。success在句中表示“成功的人或事”，為可數名詞，且表泛指，huge的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故填不定冠詞a。
解析
The 53-day task will see the Chang’e-6 lander touch down on the moon’s far side,3.__________ never faces Earth.Any far-side samples can
4. (potential) help scientists look back into the evolution of the moon and the solar system.
3.考查定語從句。“ never faces Earth”為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the moon’s far side，關系詞在定語從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which引導該從句。故填which。
4.考查副詞。空處修飾動詞help，用副詞potentially作狀語，意為“可能地，潛在地”。故填potentially。
解析
which
potentially
It is a key test for China’s space abilities in its effort 5. (build) the country into a space power.China has made rapid space advancements in recent years，in a field traditionally 6. (lead) by the United States and Russia.
5.考查非謂語動詞。名詞effort后常用不定式作后置定語，effort to do...意為“做……的努力”。故填to build。
6.考查非謂語動詞。空處作非謂語，lead“引領，領導”與其邏輯主語a field之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞形式表被動，作后置定語。故填led。
解析
to build
led
China has long said it stands 7. the peaceful use of space and hopes to better work with other countries in the space field.
for
考查介詞。stand for是固定短語，意為“支持，代表”。故填for。
解析
This time，China has said the Chang’e-6 task carries scientific
8._____________(instrument) from France，Italy，Pakistan and the European Space Agency.
instruments
考查名詞復數。此處instrument作賓語，意為“儀器”，可數名詞，由后文“from France，Italy，Pakistan and the European Space Agency”可知，應用復數形式表示多個國家的儀器。故填instruments。
解析
In addition to 9. (return) samples that could help people study the origin and early history of the moon and the solar system，the mission also serves as a robotic practice for these steps to get astronauts to the moon 10. back.
returning
9.考查非謂語動詞。空處作介詞to的賓語，用動名詞形式。故填returning。
10.考查連詞。“get astronauts to the moon”和“(get astronauts) back”之間是并列關系，用連詞and連接。故填and。
解析
返 回
and
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