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Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1　Teachers
Step 1　速讀——整體理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What do the two texts mainly tell us
A．Mr Jenkins and Graham got along very well.
B．Graham respected and regarded Mr Jenkins as a good teacher.
C．Mr Jenkins remembered he had taught a student called Graham，who is a success now.
D．With the help of Mr Jenkins，Graham turned into a success，making Mr Jenkins feel proud.
答案　D
Ⅱ.悉篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
答案　1.good　2.interested　3.confidence
4．changed　5.thoughts　6.stressful
Step 2　細(xì)讀——深度獲取細(xì)節(jié)
1．What made Graham build up his confidence
A．His brightness.
B．Mr Jenkins’ words.
C．His good grades.
D．His presentation to the class.
答案　D
2．What is important in educating students according to Mr Jenkins
A．Forcing them to study.
B．Encouraging them to perform well at school.
C．Finding out their own interest.
D．Asking them to get along well with others.
答案　C
3．What can we know from the two texts
A．Graham had always been interested in science.
B．Graham’s job now is to explain science to an audience.
C．Mr Jenkins has done well with all his students.
D．Mr Jenkins feels tired of his job because it is stressful.
答案　B
4．Which of the following can best describe Mr Jenkins
A．Caring and passionate.
B．Helpful and stubborn.
C．Creative and gifted.
D．Generous and charming.
答案　A
Step 3　讀后——課文語法填空
Before Graham went to Mr Jenkins’ class，science had simply been a subject 1.that/which was boring and difficult.He was even famous for bad 2.behavio(u)r(behave)．Mr Jenkins still remembers the first day Graham went into his class，he 3.was dragging(drag) his schoolbag behind him and looking 4.bored(bore)，but as soon as Mr Jenkins set up 5.an experiment，Graham gave 6.his(he) full attention.Graham was a bright student but his problem was that he lacked confidence.It was Mr Jenkins who made him feel that he had his own 7.strengths(strength)．Now，Graham is a successful person 8.explaining(explain) science to an audience.From Graham’s example，Mr Jenkins realizes that it is important to find out 9.what strengths are for each student.He is 10.firmly(firm) convinced that he has chosen a job with a lot of stress but he loves what he does and thinks what he is doing is worthwhile.
1．The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees！(P8 Para.1)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為復(fù)合句，其中 I can remember from school maths為省略that 的定語從句，后面that引導(dǎo)表語從句。
漢語翻譯：我唯一還記得的數(shù)學(xué)課內(nèi)容是三角形的內(nèi)角和是180度。
2．But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins’ class，I really became interested in a subject for the first time.(P8 Para.1)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為復(fù)合句。其中when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。
漢語翻譯：但是在我15歲那年，我走進(jìn)了詹金斯先生的課堂，第一次對一個學(xué)科真正產(chǎn)生了興趣。
3．I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket，and then another student lit a match to set(set) it off.(P8 Para.2)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在這個從句中，又含有and連接的兩個并列分句。
漢語翻譯：我記得他讓我把燃料倒進(jìn)火箭，然后另一名學(xué)生點(diǎn)燃了一根火柴發(fā)射火箭。
4．That was really the first time I had tried to explain science to an audience and now it’s my job! (P8 Para.3)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為并列復(fù)合句，由and連接兩個并列分句。I had tried to...audience為省略關(guān)系詞的定語從句。
漢語翻譯：這是我第一次嘗試向觀眾講解科學(xué)知識，現(xiàn)在這成了我的工作！
5．Often when I’m preparing a programme，I think about how Mr Jenkins would have done(do) it.(P8 Para.3)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為復(fù)合句。其中when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
漢語翻譯：在準(zhǔn)備一個項(xiàng)目時，我經(jīng)常會想如果是詹金斯先生，他會怎么做。
6．Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump the farthest off the school stage! (P9 Para.1)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為復(fù)合句，句中含有catch sb doing sth結(jié)構(gòu)，who引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
漢語翻譯：有一次我撞見他和幾個朋友比賽，看誰能從學(xué)校的舞臺上跳得最遠(yuǎn)。
7．However，I have not done as well with all my students as I have with Graham.(P9 Para.2)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析： 此句為復(fù)合句，as well as 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。
漢語翻譯： 不過，并不是每一個學(xué)生我能都像教格雷厄姆那么成功。
8．I think it’s important to understand that there’s no such thing as a good or a bad student.(P9 Para.2)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為復(fù)合句。think后是省略that的賓語從句，在該從句中，it是形式主語，不定式to understand為真正的主語；that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；such...as...是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
漢語翻譯：我認(rèn)為重要的是要知道沒有所謂的好學(xué)生或者壞學(xué)生。
9．The thing about being(be) a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn.(P9 Para.3)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析： 此句為復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)表語從句，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。
漢語翻譯： 做教師意味著，你有機(jī)會在孩子們敞開心扉、渴望學(xué)習(xí)的時候，走進(jìn)他們的心靈。
lack vi.& vt.缺乏；不足 n．缺乏；短缺的東西 (lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的)
(a) lack of缺少……
for/through lack of因缺少……
be lacking in在……方面缺乏
(1)My nephew is extremely lacking(lack) in confidence，so he can’t serve as the host for the English Evening.
(2)For lack of a sense of humour and passion，Mrs Grace felt nervous for the coming party in her new company.
[寫作佳句]
(3)(2021·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)盡管他們?nèi)狈ε腼兘?jīng)驗(yàn)，雙胞胎仍然滿懷期待地為媽媽準(zhǔn)備一頓特別好的早餐。
①Although they lacked cooking experience，the twins still prepared an incredible breakfast for their mother with great expectations.(lack v．)
②Lacking cooking experience，the twins still prepared an incredible breakfast for their mother with great expectations.(分詞作狀語)
used to do sth 過去常常做某事
be used to doing sth習(xí)慣于做某事
be used to do sth被用來做某事
(1)Honestly speaking，I am not used to eating(eat) onions though they are good for health.
(2)The reason why we call it the Amber Room is that much amber was used to make(make) it.
[寫作佳句]
(3)(應(yīng)用文寫作之感謝信)我曾經(jīng)麻煩你為我做很多事情，但你從來沒有對我不耐煩。
I used to trouble you to do many things for me，but you were never impatient with me.
access n．進(jìn)入；接觸的機(jī)會 v．進(jìn)入；訪問(accessible adj.可接近的；可使用的)
have/get/obtain/gain access to擁有/獲得……的機(jī)會；可以接近/進(jìn)入
give access to準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入(接近)
be accessible to可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的
(1)(2024·全國甲，書面表達(dá))With the development of technology，we can have access to different means of transportation.
(2)The good news is that the park is totally accessible(access) to people with disabilities.
[寫作佳句]
(3)(2022·浙江6月，應(yīng)用文寫作)在小組學(xué)習(xí)室，你可以使用免費(fèi)Wi-Fi，這方便你做報(bào)告。
In the group study room，you can access/get access to free Wi-Fi，making it convenient for you to give a presentation.
worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得的；重要的；有益的
worthwhile既可作表語，也可作定語，表示某事因?yàn)橹匾⒂腥せ蛴幸饬x而值得去花時間、金錢或精力。作表語時，常用句型：It is worthwhile doing/to do sth。
worth表示“值得……”時，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞(主動形式表示被動含義)；表示“價值……”時，后接表示錢數(shù)或類似的詞語。常構(gòu)成短語be worth＋名詞，be worth doing sth。
worthy在句中可作表語和定語。常用短語：be worthy of＋n./being done，be worthy＋to be done。
(1)It is worthwhile doing/to do(do) some voluntary work to enrich your life experience as well as help others.
[寫作佳句]
(2)(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)黃山風(fēng)景如畫，非常值得一游。
①With its picturesque scenery，Mount Huang is well worth visiting/a visit.(worth)
②With its picturesque scenery，Mount Huang is well worthy of being visited/a visit/to be visited.(worthy)
if only 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句
Sometimes I think，if only I could call him and ask for his opinion！(P8 Para.3)
有時我甚至想，如果能打電話征求他的意見就好了！
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為復(fù)合句，句中if only引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句。
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if only...意為“要是……就好了”，句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。
if only...did...表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望。
if only...had done...表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望。
if only...would/could do...表示與將來事實(shí)相反的愿望。
only if意為“只要；只有”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。only if位于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。
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(1)我感到很難過、很沮喪，心里想：“現(xiàn)在要是有人幫幫我就好了。”
I feel upset and depressed，thinking about，“If only someone helped me at the moment.”
(2)(讀后續(xù)寫之后悔心理描寫)“要是我在課堂上不經(jīng)常分心就好了。只有我全身心投入到學(xué)習(xí)中，我才能趕上我的同學(xué)。”簡心想，悔恨的淚水順著臉頰流下來。
“If only I had not been constantly distracted in class.Only if I am devoted to my studies can I keep up with my classmates，” Jane thought，tears of regret flowing down her cheeks.
the first day... 用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句
The first day he walked into my class，he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored，but as soon as I set up an experiment to show how the human stomach works using acid and an onion，he gave me his full attention.(P9 Para.1)
他第一次走進(jìn)我的班級時，他的書包在身后拖著，一副百無聊賴的樣子。但當(dāng)我用酸和洋蔥做一個展示人類的胃是如何運(yùn)作的實(shí)驗(yàn)時，他全神貫注。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為并列復(fù)合句，由but連接兩個并列分句。第一個分句中The first day引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；第二個分句中as soon as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，其中how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
————————————————————————————————————————
·The first day用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“第一天……時”。
·引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的名詞短語還有：the first time，every time，each time，the last time，the moment，the minute等，它們起從屬連詞的作用。
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(1)(應(yīng)用文寫作之畢業(yè)致辭)當(dāng)我第一次進(jìn)入學(xué)校時，我就愛上了學(xué)校里的一切。
The first time I came into the school，I fell in love with everything of it.
(2)(讀后續(xù)寫之人物描寫)作為一個外向的女孩，每次和別人說話，她都會自信地表達(dá)自己，開心地笑。
As an outgoing girl，every/each time she talks to others，she expresses herself confidently and laughs happily.
(3)我一看到那個男孩，就想起他的不良行為曾引起了很大的麻煩。
The moment/minute I saw the boy，I thought of his bad behaviour which had caused much trouble.
閱讀以下短文，感知黑體部分，并回答其后的問題。
I usually get to school early but yesterday was an exception.By the time I got up，my father had gone into the bathroom，so I had to wait.Then，I had a quick breakfast and ran to the bus stop.Unluckily，when I got there，the bus had just left.How upset I was！I had no choice but to walk to school.As a result，hardly had I run into my classroom when the bell rang.I decided that I must have my old bike repaired in case such things happened again.
以上短文中黑體部分都用了過去完成時態(tài)，其構(gòu)成是had＋過去分詞，表示該動作發(fā)生在過去的過去。
過去完成時
一、概念
過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”。
二、過去完成時的構(gòu)成形式
1．肯定句：主語＋had＋動詞的過去分詞＋其他
The fire had come about before the couple came back.這對夫婦回來之前火災(zāi)就已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。
2．否定句：主語＋had＋not＋動詞的過去分詞＋其他
When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn’t seen for years.
沿街散步時，我偶然遇見了大衛(wèi)，我已經(jīng)有好幾年沒見過他了。
3．一般疑問句：Had＋主語＋動詞的過去分詞＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主語＋had.
否定回答：No，主語＋hadn’t.
—Had you organized similar activities before you participated in the activity
—Yes，I had./No，I hadn’t.
——在參加這項(xiàng)活動之前你組織過類似的活動嗎？
——是的，我組織過。/沒有，我以前沒組織過。
4．特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞(或詞組)＋had＋主語＋動詞的過去分詞＋其他？
Where had you been before you came to China for a visit？你來中國參觀之前還去過哪兒？
三、過去完成時的常見用法
1．表示過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或者完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”。也可以表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。句中的時間狀語可以用by，before，until，when等引出或者用一個過去的動作來表示，還可以通過上下文來表示。
By the end of last year he had run out of all the money inherited from his father.
到去年年底，他已花光了從他父親那里繼承的所有錢。
The girl had disappeared in a flash before he could utter a single word.
他還沒來得及說一句話，那女孩就立刻不見了。
2．表示“愿望、打算”的動詞(如：hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend等)用于過去完成時表示過去本打算實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或計(jì)劃。
I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.
昨天我本來打算去看你，但是來了一位不速之客。
I had meant to tell Mike the good news，but I found that he wasn’t at home.
我本打算把這個好消息告訴邁克，但發(fā)現(xiàn)他不在家。
3．過去完成時常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等動詞后的賓語從句(或間接引語)中表示從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前。
I told him I had graduated from college with a degree in computer science.
我告訴他我大學(xué)畢業(yè)了，獲得了計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)位。
4．用于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句、as if/though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句和wish后的賓語從句中，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。
If she had worked hard，she would have succeeded.
要是她努力的話，她就會成功了。(事實(shí)上她沒努力，也沒成功。)
The two strangers talked as if they had been good friends for many years.那兩個陌生人交談起來就像是多年的好朋友。
I wish I had gone with you to the concert.我要是和你一起去音樂會就好了。
四、過去完成時在固定句式中的運(yùn)用
1．過去完成時可以用于hardly/scarcely...when...和no sooner...than...句型中，表示“一……就……”。
Hardly had he known what happened when the audience broke in and interrupted him.
他剛知道發(fā)生了什么事，觀眾就闖進(jìn)來打斷了他。
2．在“It/This/That was＋the＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that...”句式中，that后的從句用過去完成時，表示“某人第幾次做某事”。
It was the second time that he had travelled along the ancient Silk Road.
這是他第二次沿著古絲綢之路旅行。
3．在“It was＋一段時間＋since...”句式中，從句用過去完成時。
It was almost ten years since he had made a documentary to retell the history of the Palace Museum in detail.
從他制作一部紀(jì)錄片來詳細(xì)地重新講述故宮博物院的歷史以來，已經(jīng)快十年了。
五、疑難辨析
1．過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別
一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與具體的表過去的時間狀語連用(如：ago，yesterday，last week等)。
過去完成時表示的動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。也可以表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)，如：
Alex finished his studies in 2020.
亞歷克斯在2020年結(jié)束了他的學(xué)業(yè)。
By the time Alex finished his studies in 2020，he had been in London for over eight years.
亞歷克斯在2020年結(jié)束他的學(xué)業(yè)時，他已經(jīng)在倫敦待了8年多了。
2．現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時指動作發(fā)生在過去，但與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，常與since或者“for＋一段時間”連用。
過去完成時則主要體現(xiàn)過去發(fā)生的兩個動作的先后有別，表達(dá)的是“過去的過去”。如：
The company has a growing market because it has extended its operations into Europe recently.
該公司的市場不斷擴(kuò)大，因?yàn)樗罱鼘⑵錁I(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展到了歐洲。
The company had a growing market because it had extended its operations into Europe.
該公司的市場不斷擴(kuò)大，因?yàn)樗鼘⑵錁I(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展到了歐洲。
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．She had finished(finish) reading the four great classics of China before going to middle school.
2．That was the first time I had experienced(experience) sandstorms and I don’t ever want to be in one again.
3．My nephew had learned/learnt(learn) about 4,000 English words by the end of last term.
4．The famous host said with excitement that he had seen(see) the film before.
5．It was almost five years since we had bought (buy) that little house for our grandmother.
6．When Jack arrived，he learned Mary had been (be) away for almost an hour.
7．However，thanks to the international agreement，there has been(be) much less illegal hunting since 1980.
8．The moment I got home，I found I had left(leave) my jacket on the playground.
9．We had planned(plan) to visit the Beijing Expo，but the tickets were too difficult to buy.
10．He lay on the grassland with his eyes closed，as if he had fallen(fall) asleep.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．為了豐富我們的學(xué)校生活，上個月我們學(xué)校舉行了一場運(yùn)動會。
In order to enrich our school life，a sports meeting was held in our school last month.
2．比賽之前我們的體育老師在課內(nèi)外訓(xùn)練我們。
Before the competition，our PE teacher had trained us in and out of class.
3．放學(xué)后當(dāng)其他同學(xué)玩耍時，我們正在操場上努力練習(xí)跑步。
When the other students played after school，we were practising running hard on the playground.
4．我們所有人都堅(jiān)持完成了比賽，并獲得了第一名。
All of us stuck to finishing our competition and got first place.
5．這是我們第一次獲得第一名。
It was the first time that we had got first place.
6．我們非常高興，因?yàn)槲覀冎皬奈慈〉眠^這么好的成績。
We were extremely delighted，because we had not achieved such a good result before.
Ⅲ.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)語境填空
When I was seven years old，I 1.performed(perform) for the first time in a musical，for which I 2.had practiced(practice) for weeks.I waited anxiously and eventually came my turn.However，hardly 3.had(have) I stepped on the stage when I noticed that there was something wrong with the microphone.Fortunately，one work staff also realized the problem and quickly 4.settled(settle) the problem，ensuring the musical went smoothly，which made me extremely grateful.It is almost ten years since it 5.happened(happen)，but I still remember it clearly.
訓(xùn)練2　Lesson 1
[分值：74.5分]
Ⅰ.單句語法填空(共8小題；每小題1.5分，滿分12分)
1．His presentation failed to interest me for lack of passion.
2．The computer classroom is not accessible(access) to students except when we are having a computer class.
3．It is worthwhile spending/to spend(spend) some time reading English classics.
4．When hearing the good news of the huge sale，hundreds of people poured into the supermarket.
5．I used to hear(hear) about his bad behaviour when he was a junior high school student.
6．Only a minority of students want to escape taking responsibility for their own behavio(u)r(behave)．
7．Standing on the platform for the first time，she found scores of arrows piercing her chest.
8．Every morning the host finds it hard to drag(drag) himself out of bed.
Ⅱ.單句寫作(課文佳句仿寫)(滿分15分)
1．她第一天來到我們學(xué)校時，就因?yàn)樘爰叶蘖恕?the first day作連詞)
The first day she came to our school，she was so homesick that she cried.
2．缺乏自信使她很難適應(yīng)新學(xué)校。(n.lack)
Lack of confidence made it difficult for her to adapt to the new school.
3．多虧了技術(shù)，她可以迅速獲得信息，這對她來說是一種安慰。(have access to)
Thanks to technology，she could have access to the information swiftly，which was a comfort for her.
4．此外，我們學(xué)校的圖書館自習(xí)室也是值得體驗(yàn)的。(It is worthwhile doing/to do...)
Besides，it is worthwhile experiencing/to experience the self-study room in our school library as well.
5．她想，要是早些聽從了她父親的建議就好了。(if only...)
She thought if only she had followed her father’s advice earlier.
組句成篇　以上句子可以加上過渡詞語和其他聯(lián)想內(nèi)容組成一篇小短文。
參考范文
Nancy transferred to our school last month.The first day she came to our school，she was so homesick that she cried.Lack of confidence made it difficult for her to adapt to the new school.Thanks to technology，she could have access to the information swiftly，which was a comfort for her.Besides，it is worthwhile experiencing/to experience the self-study room in our school library as well.Her father always advised her to bravely explore the new school.She thought if only she had followed her father’s advice earlier.
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)
A
(2025·四川成都高二上期中)
As a student growing up in Pakistan，Riffat Arif dreamed of a teacher who gives respect and love to children with no difference.She would be that teacher.So，in 1997，at the age of just 13，she founded a school in the courtyard of her home，free to all.Children were to be treated with love and respect；beatings were not allowed.
Her parents were not in a position to help her.So at 13，she learned to do embroidery(刺繡)．That was the first income she started generating to support her cause.She would work 8 hours a day，teach her students 4 hours and teach herself 4 hours.She never went back to any institution.She would prepare for exams，take her exam fee to the institution and get a degree.That’s how she got two master’s degrees，in political science and history.
She would take the little children in her lap and she would teach them that way.When a teacher shows such affection to the children，they feel protected，they feel like they are not far from home，they are just with another mother.She wanted teachers to be like that.She wanted children to be pampered and have a good childhood.“They are like rose petals(花瓣)，and we should treat them like that，” she said.
And now，selected from over 7,000 nominations from 130 countries，Riffat Arif has been awarded the largest annual global prize for teachers，the Varkey Foundation Global Teacher Prize 2023，$1 million.“Her contribution to education has touched countless lives and earned her numerous awards，recognizing her as a true change-maker and advocate for women’s rights and children’s education around the world，” said the official citation.
Love is the language that everybody can understand.Love is the language that has no boundaries for status or financial background.Love is everywhere and everyone needs love.
語篇解讀　這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了巴基斯坦女孩Riffat Arif投身孩子們的教育事業(yè)中并且不斷努力的故事。
1．Why did Riffat Arif set up a school in her hometown
A．To live her dream.
B．To meet her parents’ wishes.
C．To raise money for her exam fee.
D．To gain support from an organization.
答案　A
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“As a student growing up in Pakistan，Riffat Arif dreamed of a teacher who gives respect and love to children with no difference.She would be that teacher.So，in 1997，at the age of just 13，she founded a school in the courtyard of her home，free to all.”可知，Riffat Arif在她的家鄉(xiāng)辦一所學(xué)校是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)她成為一名平等地尊重和關(guān)愛孩子的教師的夢想。故選A。
2．What does the underlined word “pampered” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Let go of.
B．Taken control of.
C．Treated differently.
D．Looked after kindly.
答案　D
解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“and have a good childhood”以及“They are like rose petals(花瓣)，and we should treat them like that”可知，她主張把孩子當(dāng)作玫瑰花瓣來對待，說明應(yīng)該悉心照料孩子，讓他們有一個美好的童年。故畫線詞“pampered”意為“悉心照料”。故選D。
3．Which of the following can best describe Riffat Arif
A．Emotional and creative.
B．Considerate and determined.
C．Carefree and independent.
D．Open-minded and humorous.
答案　B
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中她通過學(xué)刺繡賺取辦學(xué)資金并自學(xué)獲得碩士學(xué)位可知，她意志堅(jiān)定；根據(jù)第三段中她悉心照料學(xué)生可知她體貼。故選B。
4．What may the author want to convey through the passage
A．Love is universal and vital.
B．Hard work pays off in no time.
C．Education is tough and demanding.
D．A small change makes a big difference.
答案　A
解析　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)Riffat Arif的故事并結(jié)合最后一段“Love is the language that everybody can understand...Love is everywhere and everyone needs love.”可知，作者想要通過本文表達(dá)愛是普遍的，也是至關(guān)重要的。故選A。
B
(2025·四川遂寧高二上月考)
Public health data signals a genuine crisis in adolescent mental health: rising rates of anxiety，depression，and hopelessness.But as we worry about teens who are struggling，we can’t ignore another mounting effect—the burdens that are shouldered by their friends and peers in an “always on” world.
We have studied teens and tech for over a decade.Their networks are ever-expanding，in no small part because there’s a sense that being nice means accepting fellow requests from acquaintances and friends-of-friends.And it’s not just staying connected—it’s keeping up with what others post，too.
Social media platforms thus make it technically possible to maintain more relationships than we are historically actually wired to track and manage.The result is an overwhelming wave of social information.It’s especially intense for adolescents whose developmental sensitivities drive them to care deeply about what their peers are doing and thinking.
Significant stress comes with trying to be a “good friend” in the age of social media.Friendship requires both public and behind-the-scenes support.Even before a social media post is made public，close friends can be pulled into photo selection，editing，and final examination.Besides，they need to respond in the right way and in the right amount of time，which differs from one relationship to another.Replying too quickly can be seen as over-eager，especially when the friendship is new or not close.But when it’s a close friend，too long a lag(延遲) can be hurtful.
The qualities that are key to building or breaking friendships are actually the same as they’ve always been: mutual(相互的) sharing of joys and sorrows，a give and take of acceptance and support，and an ability to weather and resolve conflicts.But technologies have transformed how friendships play out.Social media increases the burdens that come along with being a good friend.Too often，these dynamics hit teens hard in ways that are ignored by adults.And that is what should be changed with the help of parents，schools and other parts of society.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是社交媒體是如何讓青少年的友誼變得更有壓力的。
5．What makes teenagers’ networks continue to expand
A．The pressure to be nice.
B．The requests of their parents.
C．The need to meet more people.
D．The burden of living independently.
答案　A
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Their networks are ever-expanding，in no small part because there’s a sense that being nice means accepting fellow requests from acquaintances and friends-of-friends.”可知，讓青少年的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)不斷擴(kuò)大的是追求變得友善的壓力。故選A。
6．What does the author think of being a good friend in the age of social media
A．Risk-taking. B．Time-saving.
C．Challenging. D．Exciting.
答案　C
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Significant stress comes with trying to be a ‘good friend’ in the age of social media.”可推知，作者認(rèn)為在社交媒體時代做一個好朋友是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。故選C。
7．What should be changed according to the last paragraph
A．The qualities of being a teen friend.
B．The conflicts between schools and parents.
C．The influences of social media on teen friendship.
D．The relations between parents and their teens.
答案　C
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段后三句可知，社交媒體增加了成為好朋友的負(fù)擔(dān)，社交媒體動態(tài)通常以被成年人忽視的方式對青少年造成了傷害，這種情況應(yīng)該在家長、學(xué)校和社會其他方面的幫助下得到改變，由此可知，應(yīng)該被改變的是社交媒體對青少年友誼的影響。故選C。
8．What is the text mainly about
A．Why more teens are addicted to social media.
B．How teens nowadays gain long-standing friendships.
C．What makes teens become more sensitive to their peers’ needs.
D．How social media has made teen friendships more stressful.
答案　D
解析　主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段和第四段內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是社交媒體是如何讓青少年的友誼變得更有壓力的。故選D。
Ⅳ.七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
(2024·山東濰坊高二上期中)
Play Is Part of a Parent-child Friendship
Play is a very important element of friendship with children.With babies and very young children，we parents play with them，engaging in back-and-forth activities like hide-and-seek and tower building. 1 They pull us into play，and we feel pleasure.
But delight hits a setback when our child learns how to say “no”．From this point onward—into adolescence—we focus on getting a child to behave. 2 It’s parenting belief，not specifically defined，but often translated into “because I said so”．
While parents must help children learn to meet the demands of adults，when we limit our parenting focus to “command and control”，we can crowd out “delight”． 3 If we can leave space for child-driven activities—without adult demands—we can return to delight.These interactions expand our relationship and help our child learn self-regulation and communication.It’s not the same as peer friendship，but we are being a friend.
Friendly play with children can range from building blocks to hide-and-seek.The key is following your child’s lead.As they get older and they are deep into other things，friendly play might include teaching you to play their favorite video game or sharing their favorite social media.Your child won’t want you to be their primary friend in these spaces，but being curious and kind is a way to be a friend and a parent. 4
5 Especially as they get older，they will set more limits on it.But if you make a habit of friendly play with your child，that space will always be there between you，and it will vastly expand your parenting toolbox.
A．They often start the game，and we join in.
B．Kids won’t always want you to play with them.
C．We are told in many ways to be the parent，not the friend.
D．Stressing our role as taskmasters limits our parenting tools.
E．It can be a powerful tool for developing parent-child relationships.
F．This looks different from babyhood to youth but it’s always necessary.
G．You will be an uncool friend who will never fully get it，but you will be a friend.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章闡述了親子游戲是親子友誼的一部分，以及父母怎樣才能很好地和孩子們一起玩耍。
1．答案　A
解析　根據(jù)上文可知，父母會和孩子一起玩游戲，下文“They pull us into play，and we feel pleasure.”提到孩子把我們拉進(jìn)游戲，由此可知A項(xiàng)(他們經(jīng)常開始游戲，我們加入進(jìn)來)承上啟下。故選A。
2．答案　C
解析　根據(jù)上文可知，在孩子學(xué)會說“不”，進(jìn)入青春期后，父母會把重點(diǎn)放在讓孩子守規(guī)矩上，下文“It’s parenting belief，not specifically defined，but often translated into ‘because I said so’．”說明空處應(yīng)提到一種命令式育兒理念。由此可知C項(xiàng)(我們在很多方面都被告知要做父母，而不是朋友)符合上下文語境，為下文It的指代內(nèi)容。故選C。
3．答案　D
解析　根據(jù)上文可知，父母把養(yǎng)育的重點(diǎn)限制在“命令和控制”上時，就會排擠掉“快樂”，結(jié)合下文“If we can leave space for child-driven activities—without adult demands—we can return to delight.”可知，如果父母能給孩子們的活動留出空間，對孩子們沒有要求，那么父母和孩子就能回到快樂中去，由此可知D項(xiàng)(強(qiáng)調(diào)我們作為“監(jiān)工”的角色會限制我們的育兒方法)符合語境，其中的as taskmasters呼應(yīng)上文的“command and control”。故選D。
4．答案　G
解析　根據(jù)上文可知，父母要讓孩子作為主導(dǎo)，了解孩子的喜好。孩子不會要求父母成為他們在這些領(lǐng)域的最重要的朋友，但好奇和善良是成為朋友和父母的一種方式。G項(xiàng)“你將會是一個不太酷的朋友，永遠(yuǎn)也不會完全理解(孩子)，但你會是一個朋友”承接上文，繼續(xù)討論父母可以成為孩子的朋友。故選G。
5．答案　B
解析　根據(jù)下文“Especially as they get older，they will set more limits on it.But if you make a habit of friendly play with your child...”可推知，本段主要說明孩子長大后可能不再想和父母一起玩，但父母將友好的親子游戲作為育兒方法是有利的，B項(xiàng)(孩子們并不總是希望你和他們一起玩)符合語境，引起下文。故選B。
Ⅴ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
As technology continues to develop，it has brought about great changes to our daily lives.The use of smartphones，for instance，has changed communication，allowing us 1. (connect) with others through various social media platforms.However，this progress has also led to the need for 2. (environment) protection.
One of the most significant impacts of technology on our lives is the 3. (convenient) it offers.People are now able to shop online.However，the production of these devices often results in electronic waste，which，if not managed 4. (proper)，can be harmful to the environment.To address this issue，many companies have started to adopt recycling programs,5. are essential in dealing with e-waste.Recycling 6. (project) not only help in preserving natural resources but also provide a good way to manage waste.
Protecting the natural environment has become a global concern，and it is our collective responsibility to ensure that our technological advancements do not come at 7. cost of our planet.The use of renewable energy sources，such as solar and wind power，has been on the rise，which is a positive step towards 8. (reduce) our carbon footprint.
The advancements in technology 9. (make) great impact on ecology before we humans fully realized it.Luckily，by adopting a more sustainable approach to technology，we can ensure that future generations can enjoy the benefits of technology 10. damaging our planet.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章說明了科技的發(fā)展讓我們的生活更方便，但也可能對環(huán)境造成不好的影響。
1．答案　to connect
解析　考查非謂語動詞。固定用法allow sb to do sth“允許某人做某事”，符合句意，所以此空應(yīng)填不定式作賓補(bǔ)。故填to connect。
2．答案　environmental
解析　考查形容詞。此處需用形容詞environmental作定語修飾名詞 protection。故填environmental。
3．答案　convenience
解析　考查名詞。分析句子可知，此處需用名詞作表語，convenience表示“方便；便利”，為不可數(shù)名詞，符合句意。故填convenience。
4．答案　properly
解析　考查副詞。manage是動詞，需用副詞properly修飾，意為“適當(dāng)?shù)亍薄９侍頿roperly。
5．答案　which
解析　考查定語從句。此處是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是recycling programs，指物，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which 引導(dǎo)。故填which。
6．答案　projects
解析　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。project是可數(shù)名詞，由謂語動詞help可知，此處表示泛指，且沒有冠詞限定，需用其復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語。故填projects。
7．答案　the
解析　考查冠詞。 at the cost of 是常用結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“以……為代價”。故填the。
8．答案　reducing
解析　考查非謂語動詞。towards是介詞，后面跟動名詞reducing作賓語。故填reducing。
9．答案　had made
解析　考查時態(tài)。空處作主句的謂語，主語advancements與make為主動關(guān)系，且該動作發(fā)生在時間狀語從句的謂語realized之前，故用過去完成時。故填had made。
10．答案　without
解析　考查介詞。根據(jù)句意“幸運(yùn)的是，通過采用更可持續(xù)的技術(shù)方法，我們可以確保子孫后代能夠享受技術(shù)帶來的好處，而不會破壞我們的星球。”可知，此處要填介詞 without，表示“不(做某事)”。故填without。　　　(共104張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　
Lesson 1　Teachers
RELATIONSHIPS
UNIT 1
內(nèi)容索引
Part 1　課文深度理解
Part 2　長句難句分析
Part 3　語言知識梳理
Part 4　語法項(xiàng)目精講
訓(xùn)練2
課文深度理解
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What do the two texts mainly tell us
A.Mr Jenkins and Graham got along very well.
B.Graham respected and regarded Mr Jenkins as a good teacher.
C.Mr Jenkins remembered he had taught a student called Graham，who
is a success now.
D.With the help of Mr Jenkins，Graham turned into a success，making
Mr Jenkins feel proud.
Step 1　速讀——整體理解文意
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
good
interested
confidence
changed
thoughts
stressful
1.What made Graham build up his confidence
A.His brightness.
B.Mr Jenkins’ words.
C.His good grades.
D.His presentation to the class.
√
Step 2　細(xì)讀——深度獲取細(xì)節(jié)
2.What is important in educating students according to Mr Jenkins
A.Forcing them to study.
B.Encouraging them to perform well at school.
C.Finding out their own interest.
D.Asking them to get along well with others.
√
3.What can we know from the two texts
A.Graham had always been interested in science.
B.Graham’s job now is to explain science to an audience.
C.Mr Jenkins has done well with all his students.
D.Mr Jenkins feels tired of his job because it is stressful.
√
4.Which of the following can best describe Mr Jenkins
A.Caring and passionate.
B.Helpful and stubborn.
C.Creative and gifted.
D.Generous and charming.
√
Before Graham went to Mr Jenkins’ class，science had simply been a subject 1. was boring and difficult.He was even famous for bad 2. (behave).Mr Jenkins still remembers the first day Graham went into his class，he 3. (drag) his schoolbag behind him and looking 4. (bore)，but as soon as Mr Jenkins set up 5. experiment，Graham gave 6. (he) full attention.Graham was a bright student but his problem was that he lacked confidence.
Step 3　讀后——課文語法填空
that/which
behavio(u)r
was dragging
an
bored
his
It was Mr Jenkins who made him feel that he had his own 7.___________
(strength).Now，Graham is a successful person 8. (explain) science to an audience.From Graham’s example，Mr Jenkins realizes that it is important to find out 9. strengths are for each student.He is 10. (firm) convinced that he has chosen a job with a lot of stress but he loves what he does and thinks what he is doing is worthwhile.
strengths
explaining
what
返 回
firmly
長句難句分析
1.The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up 180 degrees！(P8 Para.1)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為 句，其中 I can remember from school maths為省略 的 從句，后面that引導(dǎo) 從句。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
to
復(fù)合
that
我唯一還記得的數(shù)學(xué)課內(nèi)容是三角形的內(nèi)角和是180度。
定語
表語
2.But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins’ class，I really became interested a subject the first time.(P8 Para.1)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為 句。其中when引導(dǎo) 從句。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復(fù)合
時間狀語
但是在我15歲那年，我走進(jìn)了詹金斯先生的課堂，第一次對一個學(xué)科真正產(chǎn)生了興趣。
in
for
3.I remember that he let me pour some fuel the rocket，and then another student lit a match (set) it off.(P8 Para.2)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為 句。that引導(dǎo) 從句，在這個從句中，又含有and連接的兩個 分句。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
into
復(fù)合
賓語
并列
我記得他讓我把燃料倒進(jìn)火箭，然后另一名學(xué)生點(diǎn)燃了一根火柴發(fā)射火箭。
to set
4.That was really the first time I had tried to explain science an audience and now it’s my job! (P8 Para.3)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為 句，由and連接兩個并列分句。I had tried to...audience為省略關(guān)系詞的 從句。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
to
并列復(fù)合
定語
這是我第一次嘗試向觀眾講解科學(xué)知識，現(xiàn)在這成了我的工作！
5.Often when I’m preparing a programme，I think about how Mr Jenkins (do) it.(P8 Para.3)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為 句。其中when引導(dǎo) 從句，how引導(dǎo)
從句。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復(fù)合
時間狀語
賓語
在準(zhǔn)備一個項(xiàng)目時，我經(jīng)常會想如果是詹金斯先生，他會怎么做。
would have done
6.Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump farthest off the school stage! (P9 Para.1)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為 句，句中含有catch sb doing sth結(jié)構(gòu)，who引導(dǎo)
從句。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復(fù)合
賓語
有一次我撞見他和幾個朋友比賽，看誰能從學(xué)校的舞臺上跳得最遠(yuǎn)。
the
7.However，I have not done as well with all my students as I have ______
Graham.(P9 Para.2)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析： 此句為 句，as well as 引導(dǎo) 從句。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
復(fù)合
比較狀語
不過，并不是每一個學(xué)生我能都像教格雷厄姆那么成功。
with
8.I think it’s important to understand that there’s no such thing as a good
a bad student.(P9 Para.2)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為 句。think后是省略 的 從句，在該從句中，it是 ，不定式to understand為 ；that引導(dǎo)
從句；such...as...是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
復(fù)合
that
我認(rèn)為重要的是要知道沒有所謂的好學(xué)生或者壞學(xué)生。
or
賓語
形式主語
真正的主語
賓語
9.The thing about (be) a teacher is that you have access _____
children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn.(P9 Para.3)
結(jié)構(gòu)分析： 此句為 句。that引導(dǎo) 從句，when引導(dǎo)_________
從句。
漢語翻譯：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
being
to
復(fù)合
表語
時間狀語
做教師意味著，你有機(jī)會在孩子們敞開心扉、渴望學(xué)習(xí)的時候，走進(jìn)他們的心靈。
返 回
語言知識梳理
vi.& vt.缺乏；不足 n.缺乏；短缺的東西 (lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的)
1
lack
·(a) lack of缺少……
for/through lack of因缺少……
·be lacking in在……方面缺乏
(1)My nephew is extremely (lack) in confidence，so he can’t serve as the host for the English Evening.
(2)For lack a sense of humour and passion，Mrs Grace felt nervous for the coming party in her new company.
lacking
of
(3)(2021·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)盡管他們?nèi)狈ε腼兘?jīng)驗(yàn)，雙胞胎仍然滿懷期待地為媽媽準(zhǔn)備一頓特別好的早餐。
①Although ，the twins still prepared an incredible breakfast for their mother with great expectations.(lack v.)
② ，the twins still prepared an incredible breakfast for their mother with great expectations.(分詞作狀語)
they lacked cooking experience
寫作佳句
Lacking cooking experience
過去常常做某事
2
used to do sth
·be used to doing sth習(xí)慣于做某事
·be used to do sth被用來做某事
(1)Honestly speaking，I am not used to (eat) onions though they are good for health.
(2)The reason why we call it the Amber Room is that much amber was used (make) it.
eating
to make
(3)(應(yīng)用文寫作之感謝信)我曾經(jīng)麻煩你為我做很多事情，但你從來沒有對我不耐煩。
I to do many things for me，but you were never impatient with me.
寫作佳句
used to trouble you
n.進(jìn)入；接觸的機(jī)會 v.進(jìn)入；訪問(accessible adj.可接近的；可使用的)
3
access
·have/get/obtain/gain access to擁有/獲得……的機(jī)會；可以接近/進(jìn)入
give access to準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入(接近)
·be accessible to可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的
(1)(2024·全國甲，書面表達(dá))With the development of technology，we can have access different means of transportation.
(2)The good news is that the park is totally (access) to people with disabilities.
to
accessible
(3)(2022·浙江6月，應(yīng)用文寫作)在小組學(xué)習(xí)室，你可以使用免費(fèi)Wi-Fi，這方便你做報(bào)告。
In the group study room，you can free Wi-Fi，making it convenient for you to give a presentation.
寫作佳句
access/get access to
adj.值得做的；值得的；重要的；有益的
4
worthwhile
·worthwhile既可作表語，也可作定語，表示某事因?yàn)橹匾⒂腥せ蛴?br/>意義而值得去花時間、金錢或精力。作表語時，常用句型：It is
worthwhile doing/to do sth。
·worth表示“值得……”時，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞(主動形式表示被
動含義)；表示“價值……”時，后接表示錢數(shù)或類似的詞語。常構(gòu)成
短語be worth＋名詞，be worth doing sth。
·worthy在句中可作表語和定語。常用短語：be worthy of＋n./being
done，be worthy＋to be done。
(1)It is worthwhile (do) some voluntary work to enrich your life experience as well as help others.
doing/to do
(2)(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)黃山風(fēng)景如畫，非常值得一游。
①With its picturesque scenery，Mount Huang ______________
.(worth)
②With its picturesque scenery，Mount Huang ______________
.(worthy)
寫作佳句
is well worth
is well worthy of
visiting/a visit
being visited/a visit/to be visited
5
if only 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句
Sometimes I think，if only I could call him and ask for his opinion！(P8 Para.3)
有時我甚至想，如果能打電話征求他的意見就好了！
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為復(fù)合句，句中if only引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句。
·if only...意為“要是……就好了”，句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。
if only...did...表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望。
if only...had done...表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望。
if only...would/could do...表示與將來事實(shí)相反的愿望。
·only if意為“只要；只有”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。only if位于句首時，主
句要用部分倒裝。
(1)我感到很難過、很沮喪，心里想：“現(xiàn)在要是有人幫幫我就好了。”
I feel upset and depressed，thinking about，“_______________________
.”
(2)(讀后續(xù)寫之后悔心理描寫)“要是我在課堂上不經(jīng)常分心就好了。只有我全身心投入到學(xué)習(xí)中，我才能趕上我的同學(xué)。”簡心想，悔恨的淚水順著臉頰流下來。
“ .Only if _______
my classmates，” Jane thought，tears of regret flowing down her cheeks.
If only someone helped me
at the moment
If only I had not been constantly distracted in class
I am
devoted to my studies can I keep up with
6
the first day... 用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句
The first day he walked into my class，he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored，but as soon as I set up an experiment to show how the human stomach works using acid and an onion，he gave me his full attention.(P9 Para.1)
他第一次走進(jìn)我的班級時，他的書包在身后拖著，一副百無聊賴的樣子。但當(dāng)我用酸和洋蔥做一個展示人類的胃是如何運(yùn)作的實(shí)驗(yàn)時，他全神貫注。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句為并列復(fù)合句，由but連接兩個并列分句。第一個分句中The first day引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；第二個分句中as soon as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，其中how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
·The first day用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“第一天……時”。
·引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的名詞短語還有：the first time，every time，each
time，the last time，the moment，the minute等，它們起從屬連詞的
作用。
(1)(應(yīng)用文寫作之畢業(yè)致辭)當(dāng)我第一次進(jìn)入學(xué)校時，我就愛上了學(xué)校里的一切。
，I fell in love with everything of it.
(2)(讀后續(xù)寫之人物描寫)作為一個外向的女孩，每次和別人說話，她都會自信地表達(dá)自己，開心地笑。
As an outgoing girl， ，she expresses herself confidently and laughs happily.
The first time I came into the school
every/each time she talks to others
(3)我一看到那個男孩，就想起他的不良行為曾引起了很大的麻煩。
，I thought of his bad behaviour which had caused much trouble.
The moment/minute I saw the boy
返 回
語法項(xiàng)目精講
閱讀以下短文，感知加顏色部分，并回答其后的問題。
I usually get to school early but yesterday was an exception.By the time I got up，my father had gone into the bathroom，so I had to wait.Then，I had a quick breakfast and ran to the bus stop.Unluckily，when I got there，the bus had just left.How upset I was！I had no choice but to walk to school.As a result，hardly had I run into my classroom when the bell rang.I decided that I must have my old bike repaired in case such things happened again.
以上短文中加顏色部分都用了 時態(tài)，其構(gòu)成是 ，表示該動作發(fā)生在 。
情境導(dǎo)讀
過去完成
had＋過去分詞
過去的過去
過去完成時
一、概念
過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”。
語法精講
二、過去完成時的構(gòu)成形式
1.肯定句：主語＋had＋動詞的過去分詞＋其他
The fire had come about before the couple came back.這對夫婦回來之前火災(zāi)就已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。
2.否定句：主語＋had＋not＋動詞的過去分詞＋其他
When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn’t seen for years.
沿街散步時，我偶然遇見了大衛(wèi)，我已經(jīng)有好幾年沒見過他了。
3.一般疑問句：Had＋主語＋動詞的過去分詞＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主語＋had.
否定回答：No，主語＋hadn’t.
—Had you organized similar activities before you participated in the activity
—Yes，I had./No，I hadn’t.
——在參加這項(xiàng)活動之前你組織過類似的活動嗎？
——是的，我組織過。/沒有，我以前沒組織過。
4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞(或詞組)＋had＋主語＋動詞的過去分詞＋其他？
Where had you been before you came to China for a visit？你來中國參觀之前還去過哪兒？
三、過去完成時的常見用法
1.表示過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或者完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”。也可以表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。句中的時間狀語可以用by，before，until，when等引出或者用一個過去的動作來表示，還可以通過上下文來表示。
By the end of last year he had run out of all the money inherited from his father.
到去年年底，他已花光了從他父親那里繼承的所有錢。
The girl had disappeared in a flash before he could utter a single word.
他還沒來得及說一句話，那女孩就立刻不見了。
2.表示“愿望、打算”的動詞(如：hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend等)用于過去完成時表示過去本打算實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或計(jì)劃。
I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.
昨天我本來打算去看你，但是來了一位不速之客。
I had meant to tell Mike the good news，but I found that he wasn’t at home.
我本打算把這個好消息告訴邁克，但發(fā)現(xiàn)他不在家。
3.過去完成時常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等動詞后的賓語從句(或間接引語)中表示從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前。
I told him I had graduated from college with a degree in computer science.
我告訴他我大學(xué)畢業(yè)了，獲得了計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)位。
4.用于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句、as if/though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句和wish后的賓語從句中，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。
If she had worked hard，she would have succeeded.
要是她努力的話，她就會成功了。(事實(shí)上她沒努力，也沒成功。)
The two strangers talked as if they had been good friends for many years.那兩個陌生人交談起來就像是多年的好朋友。
I wish I had gone with you to the concert.我要是和你一起去音樂會就好了。
四、過去完成時在固定句式中的運(yùn)用
1.過去完成時可以用于hardly/scarcely...when...和no sooner...than...句型中，表示“一……就……”。
Hardly had he known what happened when the audience broke in and interrupted him.
他剛知道發(fā)生了什么事，觀眾就闖進(jìn)來打斷了他。
2.在“It/This/That was＋the＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that...”句式中，that后的從句用過去完成時，表示“某人第幾次做某事”。
It was the second time that he had travelled along the ancient Silk Road.
這是他第二次沿著古絲綢之路旅行。
3.在“It was＋一段時間＋since...”句式中，從句用過去完成時。
It was almost ten years since he had made a documentary to retell the history of the Palace Museum in detail.
從他制作一部紀(jì)錄片來詳細(xì)地重新講述故宮博物院的歷史以來，已經(jīng)快十年了。
五、疑難辨析
1.過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別
一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與具體的表過去的時間狀語連用(如：ago，yesterday，last week等)。
過去完成時表示的動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。也可以表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)，如：
Alex finished his studies in 2020.
亞歷克斯在2020年結(jié)束了他的學(xué)業(yè)。
By the time Alex finished his studies in 2020，he had been in London for over eight years.
亞歷克斯在2020年結(jié)束他的學(xué)業(yè)時，他已經(jīng)在倫敦待了8年多了。
2.現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時指動作發(fā)生在過去，但與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，常與since或者“for＋一段時間”連用。
過去完成時則主要體現(xiàn)過去發(fā)生的兩個動作的先后有別，表達(dá)的是“過去的過去”。如：
The company has a growing market because it has extended its operations into Europe recently.
該公司的市場不斷擴(kuò)大，因?yàn)樗罱鼘⑵錁I(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展到了歐洲。
The company had a growing market because it had extended its operations into Europe.
該公司的市場不斷擴(kuò)大，因?yàn)樗鼘⑵錁I(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展到了歐洲。
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.She (finish) reading the four great classics of China before going to middle school.
2.That was the first time I (experience) sandstorms and I don’t ever want to be in one again.
3.My nephew (learn) about 4,000 English words by the end of last term.
4.The famous host said with excitement that he (see) the film before.
達(dá)標(biāo)檢測
had finished
had experienced
had learned/learnt
had seen
5.It was almost five years since we (buy) that little house for our grandmother.
6.When Jack arrived，he learned Mary (be) away for almost an hour.
7.However，thanks to the international agreement，there (be) much less illegal hunting since 1980.
8.The moment I got home，I found I (leave) my jacket on the playground.
had bought
had been
had left
has been
9.We (plan) to visit the Beijing Expo，but the tickets were too difficult to buy.
10.He lay on the grassland with his eyes closed，as if he (fall) asleep.
had planned
had fallen
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.為了豐富我們的學(xué)校生活，上個月我們學(xué)校舉行了一場運(yùn)動會。
In order to enrich our school life，_________________________________
.
2.比賽之前我們的體育老師在課內(nèi)外訓(xùn)練我們。
Before the competition， .
3.放學(xué)后當(dāng)其他同學(xué)玩耍時，我們正在操場上努力練習(xí)跑步。
，we were practising running hard on the playground.
a sports meeting was held in our school
last month
our PE teacher had trained us in and out of class
When the other students played after school
4.我們所有人都堅(jiān)持完成了比賽，并獲得了第一名。
All of us stuck to finishing our competition .
5.這是我們第一次獲得第一名。
It was the first time .
6.我們非常高興，因?yàn)槲覀冎皬奈慈〉眠^這么好的成績。
We were extremely delighted，because _____________________________
.
and got first place
that we had got first place
we had not achieved such a good
result before
Ⅲ.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)語境填空
When I was seven years old，I 1. (perform) for the first
time in a musical，for which I 2. (practice) for weeks.I waited anxiously and eventually came my turn.However，hardly 3._____
(have) I stepped on the stage when I noticed that there was something wrong with the microphone.Fortunately，one work staff also realized the problem and quickly 4. (settle) the problem，ensuring the musical went smoothly，which made me extremely grateful.It is almost ten years since it 5. (happen)，but I still remember it clearly.
performed
had practiced
返 回
had
settled
happened
訓(xùn)練2
1.His presentation failed to interest me for lack passion.
2.The computer classroom is not (access) to students except when we are having a computer class.
3.It is worthwhile (spend) some time reading English classics.
4.When hearing the good news of the huge sale，hundreds of people poured the supermarket.
5.I used (hear) about his bad behaviour when he was a junior high school student.
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
of
accessible
spending/to spend
into
to hear
6.Only a minority of students want to escape taking responsibility for their own (behave).
7.Standing on the platform the first time，she found scores of arrows piercing her chest.
8.Every morning the host finds it hard (drag) himself out of bed.
behavio(u)r
for
to drag
1.她第一天來到我們學(xué)校時，就因?yàn)樘爰叶蘖恕?the first day作連詞)
，she was so homesick that she cried.
2.缺乏自信使她很難適應(yīng)新學(xué)校。(n.lack)
made it difficult for her to adapt to the new school.
3.多虧了技術(shù)，她可以迅速獲得信息，這對她來說是一種安慰。(have access to)
Thanks to technology， ，which was a comfort for her.
Ⅱ.單句寫作(課文佳句仿寫)
The first day she came to our school
Lack of confidence
she could have access to the information swiftly
4.此外，我們學(xué)校的圖書館自習(xí)室也是值得體驗(yàn)的。(It is worthwhile doing/to do...)
Besides， the self-study room in our school library as well.
5.她想，要是早些聽從了她父親的建議就好了。(if only...)
She thought .
組句成篇　以上句子可以加上過渡詞語和其他聯(lián)想內(nèi)容組成一篇小短文。
it is worthwhile experiencing/to experience
if only she had followed her father’s advice earlier
參考范文
Nancy transferred to our school last month.The first day she came to our school，she was so homesick that she cried.Lack of confidence made it difficult for her to adapt to the new school.Thanks to technology，she could have access to the information swiftly，which was a comfort for her.Besides，it is worthwhile experiencing/to experience the self-study room in our school library as well.Her father always advised her to bravely explore the new school.She thought if only she had followed her father’s advice earlier.
A
(2025·四川成都高二上期中)
As a student growing up in Pakistan，Riffat Arif dreamed of a teacher who gives respect and love to children with no difference.She would be that teacher.So，in 1997，at the age of just 13，she founded a school in the courtyard of her home，free to all.Children were to be treated with love and respect；beatings were not allowed.
語篇解讀　這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了巴基斯坦女孩Riffat Arif投身孩子們的教育事業(yè)中并且不斷努力的故事。
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀
Her parents were not in a position to help her.So at 13，she learned to do embroidery(刺繡).That was the first income she started generating to support her cause.She would work 8 hours a day，teach her students 4 hours and teach herself 4 hours.She never went back to any institution.She would prepare for exams，take her exam fee to the institution and get a degree.That’s how she got two master’s degrees，in political science and history.
She would take the little children in her lap and she would teach them that way.When a teacher shows such affection to the children，they feel protected，they feel like they are not far from home，they are just with another mother.She wanted teachers to be like that.She wanted children to be pampered and have a good childhood.“They are like rose petals(花瓣)，and we should treat them like that，” she said.
And now，selected from over 7,000 nominations from 130 countries，Riffat Arif has been awarded the largest annual global prize for teachers，the Varkey Foundation Global Teacher Prize 2023，$1 million.“Her contribution to education has touched countless lives and earned her numerous awards，recognizing her as a true change-maker and advocate for women’s rights and children’s education around the world，” said the official citation.
Love is the language that everybody can understand.Love is the language that has no boundaries for status or financial background.Love is everywhere and everyone needs love.
1.Why did Riffat Arif set up a school in her hometown
A.To live her dream.
B.To meet her parents’ wishes.
C.To raise money for her exam fee.
D.To gain support from an organization.
√
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“As a student growing up in Pakistan，Riffat Arif dreamed of a teacher who gives respect and love to children with no difference.She would be that teacher.So，in 1997，at the age of just 13，she founded a school in the courtyard of her home，free to all.”可知，Riffat Arif在她的家鄉(xiāng)辦一所學(xué)校是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)她成為一名平等地尊重和關(guān)愛孩子的教師的夢想。故選A。
解析
2.What does the underlined word “pampered” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Let go of.
B.Taken control of.
C.Treated differently.
D.Looked after kindly.
√
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“and have a good childhood”以及“They are like rose petals(花瓣)，and we should treat them like that”可知，她主張把孩子當(dāng)作玫瑰花瓣來對待，說明應(yīng)該悉心照料孩子，讓他們有一個美好的童年。故畫線詞“pampered”意為“悉心照料”。故選D。
解析
3.Which of the following can best describe Riffat Arif
A.Emotional and creative.
B.Considerate and determined.
C.Carefree and independent.
D.Open-minded and humorous.
√
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中她通過學(xué)刺繡賺取辦學(xué)資金并自學(xué)獲得碩士學(xué)位可知，她意志堅(jiān)定；根據(jù)第三段中她悉心照料學(xué)生可知她體貼。故選B。
解析
4.What may the author want to convey through the passage
A.Love is universal and vital.
B.Hard work pays off in no time.
C.Education is tough and demanding.
D.A small change makes a big difference.
√
寫作意圖題。根據(jù)Riffat Arif的故事并結(jié)合最后一段“Love is the language that everybody can understand...Love is everywhere and everyone needs love.”可知，作者想要通過本文表達(dá)愛是普遍的，也是至關(guān)重要的。故選A。
解析
B
(2025·四川遂寧高二上月考)
Public health data signals a genuine crisis in adolescent mental health: rising rates of anxiety，depression，and hopelessness.But as we worry about teens who are struggling，we can’t ignore another mounting effect—the burdens that are shouldered by their friends and peers in an “always on” world.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是社交媒體是如何讓青少年的友誼變得更有壓力的。
We have studied teens and tech for over a decade.Their networks are ever-expanding，in no small part because there’s a sense that being nice means accepting fellow requests from acquaintances and friends-of-friends.And it’s not just staying connected—it’s keeping up with what others post，too.
Social media platforms thus make it technically possible to maintain more relationships than we are historically actually wired to track and manage.The result is an overwhelming wave of social information.It’s especially intense for adolescents whose developmental sensitivities drive them to care deeply about what their peers are doing and thinking.
Significant stress comes with trying to be a “good friend” in the age of social media.Friendship requires both public and behind-the-scenes support.Even before a social media post is made public，close friends can be pulled into photo selection，editing，and final examination.Besides，they need to respond in the right way and in the right amount of time，which differs from one relationship to another.Replying too quickly can be seen as over-eager，especially when the friendship is new or not close.But when it’s a close friend，too long a lag(延遲) can be hurtful.
The qualities that are key to building or breaking friendships are actually the same as they’ve always been: mutual(相互的) sharing of joys and sorrows，a give and take of acceptance and support，and an ability to weather and resolve conflicts.But technologies have transformed how friendships play out.Social media increases the burdens that come along with being a good friend.Too often，these dynamics hit teens hard in ways that are ignored by adults.And that is what should be changed with the help of parents，schools and other parts of society.
5.What makes teenagers’ networks continue to expand
A.The pressure to be nice.
B.The requests of their parents.
C.The need to meet more people.
D.The burden of living independently.
√
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Their networks are ever-expanding，in no small part because there’s a sense that being nice means accepting fellow requests from acquaintances and friends-of-friends.”可知，讓青少年的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)不斷擴(kuò)大的是追求變得友善的壓力。故選A。
解析
6.What does the author think of being a good friend in the age of social media
A.Risk-taking. B.Time-saving.
C.Challenging. D.Exciting.
√
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Significant stress comes with trying to be a ‘good friend’ in the age of social media.”可推知，作者認(rèn)為在社交媒體時代做一個好朋友是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。故選C。
解析
7.What should be changed according to the last paragraph
A.The qualities of being a teen friend.
B.The conflicts between schools and parents.
C.The influences of social media on teen friendship.
D.The relations between parents and their teens.
√
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段后三句可知，社交媒體增加了成為好朋友的負(fù)擔(dān)，社交媒體動態(tài)通常以被成年人忽視的方式對青少年造成了傷害，這種情況應(yīng)該在家長、學(xué)校和社會其他方面的幫助下得到改變，由此可知，應(yīng)該被改變的是社交媒體對青少年友誼的影響。故選C。
解析
8.What is the text mainly about
A.Why more teens are addicted to social media.
B.How teens nowadays gain long-standing friendships.
C.What makes teens become more sensitive to their peers’ needs.
D.How social media has made teen friendships more stressful.
√
主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段和第四段內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是社交媒體是如何讓青少年的友誼變得更有壓力的。故選D。
解析
(2024·山東濰坊高二上期中)
Play Is Part of a Parent-child Friendship
Play is a very important element of friendship with children.With babies and very young children，we parents play with them，
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章闡述了親子游戲是親子友誼的一部分，以及父母怎樣才能很好地和孩子們一起玩耍。
Ⅳ.七選五
engaging in back-and-forth activities like hide-and-seek and tower building. 1 They pull us into play，and we feel pleasure.
A.They often start the game，and we join in.
B.Kids won’t always want you to play with them.
C.We are told in many ways to be the parent，not the friend.
D.Stressing our role as taskmasters limits our parenting tools.
E.It can be a powerful tool for developing parent-child relationships.
F.This looks different from babyhood to youth but it’s always necessary.
G.You will be an uncool friend who will never fully get it，but you will be
a friend.
√
根據(jù)上文可知，父母會和孩子一起玩游戲，下文“They pull us into play，and we feel pleasure.”提到孩子把我們拉進(jìn)游戲，由此可知A項(xiàng)(他們經(jīng)常開始游戲，我們加入進(jìn)來)承上啟下。故選A。
解析
But delight hits a setback when our child learns how to say “no”.From this point onward—into adolescence—we focus on getting a child to behave. 2 It’s parenting belief，not specifically defined，but often translated into “because I said so”.
A.They often start the game，and we join in.
B.Kids won’t always want you to play with them.
C.We are told in many ways to be the parent，not the friend.
D.Stressing our role as taskmasters limits our parenting tools.
E.It can be a powerful tool for developing parent-child relationships.
F.This looks different from babyhood to youth but it’s always necessary.
G.You will be an uncool friend who will never fully get it，but you will be a friend.
√
根據(jù)上文可知，在孩子學(xué)會說“不”，進(jìn)入青春期后，父母會把重點(diǎn)放在讓孩子守規(guī)矩上，下文“It’s parenting belief，not specifically defined，but often translated into ‘because I said so’.”說明空處應(yīng)提到一種命令式育兒理念。由此可知C項(xiàng)(我們在很多方面都被告知要做父母，而不是朋友)符合上下文語境，為下文It的指代內(nèi)容。故選C。
解析
While parents must help children learn to meet the demands of adults，when we limit our parenting focus to “command and control”，we can crowd out “delight”. 3 If we can leave space for child-driven activities—without adult demands—we can return to delight.
A.They often start the game，and we join in.
B.Kids won’t always want you to play with them.
C.We are told in many ways to be the parent，not the friend.
D.Stressing our role as taskmasters limits our parenting tools.
E.It can be a powerful tool for developing parent-child relationships.
F.This looks different from babyhood to youth but it’s always necessary.
G.You will be an uncool friend who will never fully get it，but you will be a friend.
√
根據(jù)上文可知，父母把養(yǎng)育的重點(diǎn)限制在“命令和控制”上時，就會排擠掉“快樂”，結(jié)合下文“If we can leave space for child-driven activities—without adult demands—we can return to delight.”可知，如果父母能給孩子們的活動留出空間，對孩子們沒有要求，那么父母和孩子就能回到快樂中去，由此可知D項(xiàng)(強(qiáng)調(diào)我們作為“監(jiān)工”的角色會限制我們的育兒方法)符合語境，其中的as taskmasters呼應(yīng)上文的“command and control”。故選D。
解析
These interactions expand our relationship and help our child learn self-regulation and communication.It’s not the same as peer friendship，but we are being a friend.
Friendly play with children can range from building blocks to hide-and-seek.The key is following your child’s lead.As they get older and they are deep into other things，friendly play might include teaching you to play their favorite video game or sharing their favorite social media.
Your child won’t want you to be their primary friend in these spaces，but being curious and kind is a way to be a friend and a parent. 4
A.They often start the game，and we join in.
B.Kids won’t always want you to play with them.
C.We are told in many ways to be the parent，not the friend.
D.Stressing our role as taskmasters limits our parenting tools.
E.It can be a powerful tool for developing parent-child relationships.
F.This looks different from babyhood to youth but it’s always necessary.
G.You will be an uncool friend who will never fully get it，but you will be
a friend.
√
根據(jù)上文可知，父母要讓孩子作為主導(dǎo)，了解孩子的喜好。孩子不會要求父母成為他們在這些領(lǐng)域的最重要的朋友，但好奇和善良是成為朋友和父母的一種方式。G項(xiàng)“你將會是一個不太酷的朋友，永遠(yuǎn)也不會完全理解(孩子)，但你會是一個朋友”承接上文，繼續(xù)討論父母可以成為孩子的朋友。故選G。
解析
5 Especially as they get older，they will set more limits on it.But if you make a habit of friendly play with your child，that space will always be there between you，and it will vastly expand your parenting toolbox.
A.They often start the game，and we join in.
B.Kids won’t always want you to play with them.
C.We are told in many ways to be the parent，not the friend.
D.Stressing our role as taskmasters limits our parenting tools.
E.It can be a powerful tool for developing parent-child relationships.
F.This looks different from babyhood to youth but it’s always necessary.
G.You will be an uncool friend who will never fully get it，but you will be a
friend.
√
根據(jù)下文“Especially as they get older，they will set more limits on it.But if you make a habit of friendly play with your child...”可推知，本段主要說明孩子長大后可能不再想和父母一起玩，但父母將友好的親子游戲作為育兒方法是有利的，B項(xiàng)(孩子們并不總是希望你和他們一起玩)符合語境，引起下文。故選B。
解析
As technology continues to develop，it has brought about great changes to our daily lives.The use of smartphones，for instance，has changed communication，allowing us 1. (connect) with others through various social media platforms.However，this progress has also led to the need for 2. (environment) protection.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章說明了科技的發(fā)展讓我們的生活更方便，但也可能對環(huán)境造成不好的影響。
to connect
Ⅴ.語法填空
environmental
1.考查非謂語動詞。固定用法allow sb to do sth“允許某人做某事”，符合句意，所以此空應(yīng)填不定式作賓補(bǔ)。故填to connect。
2.考查形容詞。此處需用形容詞environmental作定語修飾名詞 protection。故填environmental。
解析
One of the most significant impacts of technology on our lives is the
3. (convenient) it offers.People are now able to shop online.
convenience
考查名詞。分析句子可知，此處需用名詞作表語，convenience表示“方便；便利”，為不可數(shù)名詞，符合句意。故填convenience。
解析
However，the production of these devices often results in electronic waste，which，if not managed 4. (proper)，can be harmful to the environment.
考查副詞。manage是動詞，需用副詞properly修飾，意為“適當(dāng)?shù)亍薄９侍頿roperly。
解析
properly
To address this issue，many companies have started to adopt recycling programs,5. are essential in dealing with e-waste.
考查定語從句。此處是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是recycling programs，指物，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which 引導(dǎo)。故填which。
解析
which
Recycling 6. (project) not only help in preserving natural resources but also provide a good way to manage waste.
projects
考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。project是可數(shù)名詞，由謂語動詞help可知，此處表示泛指，且沒有冠詞限定，需用其復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語。故填projects。
解析
Protecting the natural environment has become a global concern，and it is our collective responsibility to ensure that our technological advancements do not come at 7. cost of our planet.
the
考查冠詞。 at the cost of是常用結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“以……為代價”。故填the。
解析
The use of renewable energy sources，such as solar and wind power，has been on the rise，which is a positive step towards 8. (reduce) our carbon footprint.
reducing
考查非謂語動詞。towards是介詞，后面跟動名詞reducing作賓語。故填reducing。
解析
The advancements in technology 9. (make) great impact on ecology before we humans fully realized it.Luckily，by adopting a more sustainable approach to technology，we can ensure that future generations can enjoy the benefits of technology 10. damaging our planet.
had made
without
9.考查時態(tài)。空處作主句的謂語，主語advancements與make為主動關(guān)系，且該動作發(fā)生在時間狀語從句的謂語realized之前，故用過去完成時。故填had made。
10.考查介詞。根據(jù)句意“幸運(yùn)的是，通過采用更可持續(xù)的技術(shù)方法，我們可以確保子孫后代能夠享受技術(shù)帶來的好處，而不會破壞我們的星球。”可知，此處要填介詞 without，表示“不(做某事)”。故填without。
解析
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