資源簡(jiǎn)介

Period 3　Grammar and usage—To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives
閱讀以下短文，感知加黑部分，并分析其所作成分
①It is my great honour to deliver a speech about my dream.②My dream is to become a teacher.③When I was a little kid，my mother told me it is not easy to be a good teacher.④When I heard my mother’s words，my puzzle was what to do to become a teacher.⑤Mother told me it would take a lot of energy and time to make my dream come true.⑥Since then I have kept in mind that if I want to pursue my dream，to study hard is the first thing that I should do.
1．句①③⑤中to deliver a speech，to be a good teacher，to make my dream come true均為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作真正的主語(yǔ)，it作形式主語(yǔ)。句⑥中to study hard為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。
2．句②中to become a teacher為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)，此句的主語(yǔ)為My dream。句④中what to do為“特殊疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”作表語(yǔ)。
　　　
一、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)通常表示個(gè)別的、具體的、一次性的或者具有將來含義的動(dòng)作，并且句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。常見的動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的情況主要有四類：
1．動(dòng)詞不定式直接作主語(yǔ)。
To finish the work before Friday is not so easy.
在周五之前完成這項(xiàng)工作沒有那么容易。
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
騎自行車到那里將花費(fèi)我們半個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間。
注意：動(dòng)名詞也可以作主語(yǔ)，但表示動(dòng)作經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生，而不是只針對(duì)某一次。
Talking loudly in public places is not good.
在公共場(chǎng)所大聲說話不好。
2．形式主語(yǔ)it放在句首，真正的主語(yǔ)——?jiǎng)釉~不定式放在后面。
It would be better for you to cycle around the lake.你最好繞著湖騎自行車。
It’s not easy to work out the problem.
計(jì)算出這道題不容易。
It is interesting to play with snow in winter.
冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。
注意：it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有三種情況：
①用形容詞作它的表語(yǔ)。真正的主語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式)通常有邏輯主語(yǔ)，一般用for短語(yǔ)來引出，即for sb to do sth。但當(dāng)作表語(yǔ)的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征時(shí)，要用of引出其邏輯主語(yǔ)。此時(shí)的表語(yǔ)形容詞往往有clever，foolish，kind，nice，polite，silly，stupid，wise等。如：
It’s easy for him to work out this math problem.對(duì)他來說解出這道數(shù)學(xué)題很容易。
It was careless of him to drink the vinegar in that bottle by mistake.
＝He was careless to drink the vinegar in that bottle by mistake.
他真粗心，誤把那瓶醋喝了。
②用名詞作表語(yǔ)。如：
It is a great honor for me to deliver a speech on how to learn English well.
我很榮幸能做一個(gè)關(guān)于如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的演講。
③用于“It takes/took/will take sb some time/money to do sth.”句型。如：
It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
昨天晚上我用了一個(gè)多小時(shí)的時(shí)間做作業(yè)。
3．“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”作主語(yǔ)。
常見的特殊疑問詞有what，who，which，when，where，how等。采用“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”作主語(yǔ)，句子的謂語(yǔ)同樣采用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
How to relieve the pain is a question.
如何緩解疼痛是一個(gè)問題。
Where to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided.
還沒有定下來在哪里舉行會(huì)議。
4．動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式作主語(yǔ)。
To be admitted by a key university is difficult for him.對(duì)他來說，被一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取是困難的。
二、動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)
1．動(dòng)詞不定式直接作表語(yǔ)說明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容，表示“即將進(jìn)行的一次性動(dòng)作或?qū)淼臓顟B(tài)”。作主語(yǔ)的詞往往是aim，ambition，goal，wish，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，problem，function，purpose，task，intention，decision，way等。
To live is to do something worthwhile.
活著就是要做一些有價(jià)值的事情。
His wish is to become an astronaut.
他的愿望是成為一名宇航員。
My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
我的主要目的是指出這件事的困難。
注意：如果主語(yǔ)部分含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，表語(yǔ)中的to可以省略。
What we can do now is (to) wait here patiently.
我們現(xiàn)在能做的就是在這里耐心等待。
2．動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式作表語(yǔ)。
What he hoped was to be admitted into the university.
他希望能被那所大學(xué)錄取。
注意：①有些作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式，在結(jié)構(gòu)上是主動(dòng)的，但在意義上卻是被動(dòng)的。
She is to blame for the accident last night.
她應(yīng)該為昨天晚上發(fā)生的事故負(fù)責(zé)。
②若不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前，則用不定式的完成式：主動(dòng)用to have done，被動(dòng)用to have been done。
His eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.
他的雙眼閉著，看上去像是已經(jīng)睡著了。
Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears to have been told everything.
一定要讓你母親知道所有的真相。她似乎什么都被告知了。
3．“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”作表語(yǔ)。
常見的特殊疑問詞有what，who，which，when，where，how等。“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”通常與be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作be動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)。
The greatest problem we are facing now is how to finish the work on time.
我們現(xiàn)在面臨的最大問題是如何按時(shí)完成工作。
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．Then we will know how important it is to make our life meaningful.
2．It is not a simple matter to determine(determine) the nature of talent.
3．The aim of the talent show is to enrich(enrich) students’ extra-curricular activities.
4．Whether studying abroad will do harm to teenagers or good remains to be seen(see)．
5．Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyse(analyse) your short and long objectives.
6．My explanation seemed to have made(make) things worse，which drove me more anxious than before.
7．How to relieve(relieve) pain，from illness or stress，is a question needing careful consideration.
8．Most people believe that the best way to build a great team is to gather(gather) a group of the most talented individuals.
Ⅱ.完成下列語(yǔ)段，盡可能多地使用動(dòng)詞不定式
聽說你因?yàn)榱?xí)慣吃高脂肪和少纖維的快餐而健康狀況不佳，我寫信給你提供一些建議。首先，你應(yīng)該知道你的目標(biāo)是保持健康，在你的日常生活中要吃的是高維生素和低脂肪的健康食品。更重要的是，保持均衡健康的飲食對(duì)你來說是非常必要的。因此，最好的方法是自己在家做飯，而不是去餐館吃。我堅(jiān)信如果你聽從我的建議，你一定會(huì)更健康。
Hearing that you suffered from poor health because of your habit of having fast food with high fat and little fibre，I’m writing 1.to offer some advice to you.To begin with，you should know that your aim is 2.to stay healthy，and 3.what to eat in your daily life is healthy food with high vitamins and low fat.What’s more，it is very essential for you 4.to keep a balanced and healthy diet.Therefore，the best way is 5.to cook at home by yourself rather than going to the restaurant.I do believe you are to be healthier if you follow my advice.
作業(yè)3　Grammar and usage
[分值：74.5分]
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空(共8小題；每小題1.5分，滿分12分)
1．It is not easy for a foreigner to learn(learn) to speak Chinese.
2．When and where to hold(hold) the conference is still under discussion.
3．When she learned he felt down，all that she could do was (to) comfort(comfort) him.
4．The purpose of education is to develop(develop) a fine personality in children.
5．The first thing we should consider is how to deal(deal) with the tough problem.
6．Our students’ job is to study(study) hard to realize our great ambition in the future.
7．It took him a long time to acquire(acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
8．It has been a pleasure to work(work) closely with Gordon and he leaves the club with all our best wishes.
Ⅱ.單句寫作(共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分)
1．她真蠢，一次又一次地犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。
It is stupid of her to make the same mistake again and again.
2．對(duì)她來說樹立起這個(gè)小男孩的自信是非常重要的。
It is quite important for her to build up the little boy’s confidence.
3．晚上他唯一能做的就是安靜地讀書。
In the evening，the only thing he could do was (to) read a book quietly.
4．在去博物館的路上，雨下得特別大，我們?nèi)滩蛔∠胫酪ǘ嗑媚艿竭_(dá)那里。
On our way to the museum，it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
5．(應(yīng)用文寫作之演講稿)能有機(jī)會(huì)在這里發(fā)表演講，我感到非常榮幸。
It is a great honour for me to have the opportunity to deliver a speech here.
Ⅲ.主題語(yǔ)篇閱讀(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)
A
(2024·江蘇常州高二上期中聯(lián)考)
Climate breakdown is already changing the taste and quality of beer，scientists have warned.The quantity and quality of hops(啤酒花)，a key ingredient in most beers，is being affected by global heating，according to a study.As a result，beer may become more expensive and producers will have to adapt their methods.
Researchers forecast that hop yields in European growing regions will fall by 4－18% by 2050 if farmers do not adapt to hotter and drier weather，while the content of alpha acids in the hops，which gives beers their unique taste and smell，will fall by 20－31%.
“Beer drinkers will definitely see the climate change，either in the price tag or the quality，” said Miroslav Trnka，a scientist at the Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences and co-author of the study，published in the journal Nature Communications.“That seems to be inevitable from our data.”
Beer，the third-most popular drink in the world after water and tea，is made by fermenting(發(fā)酵) malted grains like barley with yeast.It is usually flavored with sweet-smelling hops grown mostly in the middle latitudes(緯度) that are sensitive to changes in light，heat and water.
In recent years，demand for high-quality hops has been pushed up by a boom in craft beers with stronger flavors.But releases of planet-heating gases are putting the plant at risk，the study found.
The researchers compared the average annual yield of aroma hops during the periods 1971－1994 and 1995－2018 and found “a significant production decrease” of 0.13－0.27 tons per hectare.Celje，in Slovenia，had the greatest fall in average annual hop yield at 19.4%.In Germany，the second biggest hop producer in the world，average hop yields have fallen 19.1% in Spalt,13.7% in Hallertau，and 9.5% in Tettnang，the study found.
Andreas Auernhammer，a hop farmer in Spalt in southern Germany，said the total rainfall in his fields had changed little but that now “the rain does not come at the right time”．
語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)全球變暖正在影響啤酒花的產(chǎn)量與質(zhì)量。文章介紹了研究開展的過程以及影響啤酒花調(diào)味的因素。
1．How may beer lovers find about beer due to climate change
A．More affordable. B．Less tasty.
C．More adaptable. D．Less sensitive.
答案　B
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，由于氣候變化，啤酒花產(chǎn)量下降，而啤酒花中阿爾法酸的含量也將會(huì)下降，這些都會(huì)影響啤酒的口味，由此可知，啤酒愛好者可能會(huì)覺得啤酒不那么美味了。故選B。
2．What does the underlined word “inevitable” in paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．Unimaginable. B．Unbearable.
C．Unavoidable. D．Unusual.
答案　C
解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Beer drinkers will definitely see the climate change，either in the price tag or the quality”可知，啤酒飲用者肯定會(huì)察覺到氣候變化的影響，無(wú)論是從啤酒的價(jià)格標(biāo)簽上還是質(zhì)量上，說明對(duì)啤酒的影響是不可避免的。故畫線詞意思是“不可避免的”，故選C。
3．What can we infer from Andreas’s words
A．Rainfall has little to do with beer making.
B．There is little production decrease in his area.
C．More rain is needed to improve the situation.
D．Rainfall pattern affects hop production.
答案　D
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Andreas說的話可知，他的田地里的總降雨量幾乎沒有變化，但現(xiàn)在“雨來的不是時(shí)候”，即降雨模式發(fā)生了變化，再結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中“average hop yields have fallen 19.1% in Spalt”講Andreas所在地區(qū)的啤酒花產(chǎn)量下降可推知，降雨模式影響啤酒花產(chǎn)量，故選D。
4．How did the researchers mainly carry out the research
A．Analyzing data.
B．Conducting a survey.
C．Doing experiments.
D．Using logic thinking.
答案　A
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“The researchers compared the average annual yield of aroma hops during the periods 1971－1994 and 1995－2018 and found...0.13－0.27 tons...at 19.4%...fallen 19.1%...13.7% in...9.5% in...”可知，研究人員主要通過分析數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行研究，故選A。
B(此篇精讀)
(2024·重慶高二上期中)
For more than half a century，scientists have sought to understand X-rays from space and what they reveal about our galaxy and the universe beyond it.As it turns out，lobsters can help astronomers do just that.
Lobsters(龍蝦) have developed specialized eyes to see in their dark habitats located up to around 2,300 feet below the ocean surface.Unlike humans，whose eyes consist of rounded lenses that bend light，lobsters’ eyes depend on reflection.Each of their two eyes is packed with up to 10,000 square-shaped tubes.Each tube is lined with a flat，reflective surface that acts like a mirror to direct incoming light down to the retina(視網(wǎng)膜)．This setup affords lobsters a full 180-degree view，compared with humans’ 120-degree vision.
The breakthrough idea connecting lobster eyes to astronomy came in 1978 when Roger Angel，an astronomer at the University of Arizona，drew inspiration from an article on animal vision.Angel envisioned creating instruments imitating lobster eyes to enhance the capture of cosmic X-rays during missions beyond Earth’s orbit.In 1992，researchers from Columbia University ran the first successful X-ray measurements using lobster-eye instruments.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.“This is a technology that’s been around a long time in astrophysics，” says Scott Porter，an astrophysicist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
Today，Porter’s team has developed specialized instruments to better understand how solar wind interact with Earth’s magnetic(磁的) field.Researchers pack thousands of tiny glass tubes and then heat and curve them to create a ball shape that can concentrate the X-rays into a singular point.Plus，many of these tools are much lighter and smaller than traditional X-ray instruments，and therefore easier to incorporate into multi-instrument missions.
Porter says that the number of applications for lobster-based instruments have increased in recent years.As projects receive funding，lobster eye instruments may become a key tool in our quest to better understand the vast，mysterious universe.
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)龍蝦的眼睛具有獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)，這可以幫助他們觀測(cè)太空中的X射線，指導(dǎo)探索更遠(yuǎn)的宇宙。近年來，模擬龍蝦眼睛的結(jié)構(gòu)而制造出的儀器得到了越來越廣泛的應(yīng)用。未來，它可能成為幫助科學(xué)家更好地了解神秘宇宙的關(guān)鍵工具。
5．How does the structure of lobster eyes contribute to their vision capabilities
A．The square-shaped lenses help the eyes focus better.
B．Tubes in the eyes can refract light in multiple directions.
C．The shape of the eyes can provide a clearer field of vision.
D．Reflective surfaces of tubes in the eyes direct light to the retina.
答案　D
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Unlike humans...lobsters’ eyes depend on reflection...reflective surface that acts like a mirror to direct incoming light down to the retina(視網(wǎng)膜)．”可知，龍蝦眼睛的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)它們的視覺能力的影響在于眼睛里的反射管將光線直射到視網(wǎng)膜。故選D。
6．What can we know from paragraph 3 about lobster-eye instruments
A．They were first invented by Roger Angel.
B．They are developed for deep-sea exploration.
C．They were first introduced in space missions in 2007.
D．They helped researchers capture cosmic X-rays in 1992.
答案　C
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“In 1992，researchers from Columbia University ran the first successful X-ray measurements using lobster-eye instruments.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.”可知，1992年研究人員使用龍蝦眼儀器進(jìn)行了第一次成功的X射線測(cè)量，15年后即2017年，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)才被應(yīng)用于航天任務(wù)。故選C。
7．What is Porter’s attitude towards lobster-based instruments
A．Skeptical B．Positive.
C．Indifferent. D．Confused.
答案　B
解析　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“‘This is a technology that’s been around a long time in astrophysics，’ says Scott Porter...”以及最后一段內(nèi)容可知，波特認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)技術(shù)在天體物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)存在很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了，并且在近年來基于龍蝦的儀器的應(yīng)用數(shù)量有所增加，而且在未來這種儀器可能成為我們了解和探索宇宙的關(guān)鍵，因此波特對(duì)龍蝦眼儀器的態(tài)度是積極的。故選B。
8．What is the passage mainly about
A．The application of lobster-eye instruments in various fields.
B．The unique setup of lobster eyes adapted for deep-sea vision.
C．The development of lobster-eye instruments for space X-rays.
D．The difference between lobster-eye instruments and traditional ones.
答案　C
解析　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹的是科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)龍蝦的眼睛具有獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)，這可以幫助他們觀測(cè)太空中的X射線，指導(dǎo)探索更遠(yuǎn)的宇宙。近年來，模擬龍蝦眼睛的結(jié)構(gòu)而制造出的儀器得到了越來越廣泛的應(yīng)用。未來，它可能成為幫助科學(xué)家更好地了解神秘宇宙的關(guān)鍵工具。C選項(xiàng)“用于探究太空X射線的龍蝦眼儀器的發(fā)展過程”符合文章主旨。故選C。
[詞匯積累] 1．reveal v．揭示；展示 2．consist of由……組成/構(gòu)成 3．reflection n．反射；映像，倒影；反映，顯示；深思；描述；感想→reflect v．照出(影像)；反映，顯示；反射；沉思；表達(dá)(意見)→reflective adj.反射的，反光的；代表性的；深思的 4．be packed with裝滿，充滿 5．direct熟義：adj.筆直的，徑直的；直接的　生義(文義)：v.指引，引導(dǎo) 6．breakthrough n．重大進(jìn)展；突破 7．heat(轉(zhuǎn))n.→v.加熱 [句式分析] 1．Plus，many of these tools are much lighter and smaller than traditional X-ray instruments，and therefore easier to incorporate into multi-instrument missions. 分析：此句為簡(jiǎn)單句，其中包含“be＋adj.＋to do”結(jié)構(gòu)。 翻譯：此外，這些工具中的許多都比傳統(tǒng)的X射線儀器更輕、更小，因此更容易合并到多儀器任務(wù)中。 2．It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions. 分析：此句為復(fù)合句。before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“……之后才……” 翻譯：又過了15年，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)才被用于航天器任務(wù)。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
(2024·湖南高二上期中)
Think back to the last time you shopped for fruit and vegetables.You may have noticed some items labelled with the word “organic”． 1
“Organic” refers to the way food is grown.To be labelled as “organic”，food production must meet strict guidelines.These can be different depending on where you live.In the United States，organic foods must be grown or raised without using pesticides or chemical fertilizers.
2 That changed after the Industrial Revolution.During the 20th century，many ideas that were used by factories and big businesses were put into action on farms.This helped some farms grow larger and produce more.
However，the organic movement was started to get back to the old traditional ways of farming.Why Many believe the chemicals and pesticides used in modern farming can be harmful to your health. 3 And those who support the organic movement also point to its benefits for the environment.
Have you ever compared organic and non-organic foods at the grocery store If so，you know that organic food tends to cost more.This happens for many reasons.Organic farming produces fewer crops. 4 Additionally，organic farms spend more money taking care of the animals they raise.These and other factors drive the cost of organic food up.
Is organic food worth the extra cost Some people believe it is.They may think it tastes better or just prefer to eat food that has not been grown using chemicals. 5 They are still trying to find a major difference between organic and non-organic food in terms of safety，nutrition，or taste.Still，others argue that the environmental benefits of organic food make it worth the price.
A．Have you ever wondered what that means
B．For most of history，almost all food was organic.
C．Are you wondering if organic food is right for you
D．Some also think organic foods are naturally more nutritious.
E．It is always best to choose organically grown foods if possible.
F．So it costs people much more money to purchase organic food.
G．Scientists have studied organic and non-organic foods for many years.
1．答案　A
解析　根據(jù)上文“You may have noticed some items labelled with the word ‘organic’．”以及第二段首句“‘Organic’ refers to the way food is grown.”可知，空處承上啟下，需要提出“有機(jī)”是什么意思。A選項(xiàng)“你有沒有想過它是什么意思？”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。
2．答案　B
解析　根據(jù)下文“That changed after the Industrial Revolution.”可知，空處說明工業(yè)革命前的情況。B選項(xiàng)“在歷史的大部分時(shí)間里，幾乎所有的食物都是有機(jī)的”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。
3．答案　D
解析　根據(jù)上文“Many believe the chemicals and pesticides used in modern farming can be harmful to your health.”可知，空處承接上文，說明另一些人的看法。D選項(xiàng)“一些人還認(rèn)為有機(jī)食品自然而然地更有營(yíng)養(yǎng)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。
4．答案　F
解析　根據(jù)上文“If so，you know that organic food tends to cost more.This happens for many reasons.Organic farming produces fewer crops.”可知，空處與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，指出因?yàn)橛袡C(jī)作物產(chǎn)量少，所以價(jià)格更高。F選項(xiàng)“所以人們買有機(jī)食品要花更多的錢”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。
5．答案　G
解析　根據(jù)下文“They are still trying to find a major difference between organic and non-organic food in terms of safety，nutrition，or taste.”可知，空處應(yīng)提到They指代的對(duì)象，且該對(duì)象對(duì)有機(jī)食品和非有機(jī)食品進(jìn)行了研究。G選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家對(duì)有機(jī)食品和非有機(jī)食品研究了很多年了”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。
Ⅴ.語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
(2024·山東煙臺(tái)高二上期末)
An exhibition featuring “Jiaodong flower bobo” was held at Yantai Culture Center to greet the 1. (approach) Spring Festival.
Made of wheat，bobo can assume various forms of animals and figures,2._________ (decorate) with red jujubes(棗) and colorful flowers.Eatable and entertaining，this kind of bobo looks like a delicate handicraft，showing the food culture and artistic pursuit of the local people.
It’s hard to know when Jiaodong flower bobo first appeared.In ancient times it 3.________ (use) as offerings.It still enjoys great 4. (popular) in the rural areas of Weihai，Yantai and Qingdao，where people steam bobo to celebrate special occasions like the Spring Festival，weddings and birthdays，as the word for “steam” 5. (pronounce) “zheng” in Chinese，indicating life’s fortune will rise.
The exhibition was designed to showcase the city’s protection of the craftsmanship of Jiaodong flower bobo,6. was included in the Shandong provincial government’s intangible cultural heritage list in 2009.
The exhibition gathered 100 works by 20 inheritors(傳承人) of the Jiaodong flower bobo modeling craft from Qixia，Laizhou，Zhaoyuan and Longkou.The purpose of inviting the inheritors was 7. (introduce) the art of making Jiaodong flower bobo.One of them，Jia Yuping from Qixia，said it was 8. honor to preserve and promote the heritage and that she was 9. (hope) about its future.
“We wish to introduce to our citizens the folk customs of celebrating Chinese Lunar New Year 10. the exhibition，” said an organizer.
語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了在煙臺(tái)市文化中心舉辦的一場(chǎng)關(guān)于膠東花餑餑的展覽。
1．答案　approaching
解析　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。空格處用非謂語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ)，修飾后面的名詞短語(yǔ)Spring Festival，此名詞短語(yǔ)與approach之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞approaching。故填approaching。
2．答案　decorated
解析　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，decorate與其邏輯主語(yǔ)bobo構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。故填decorated。
3．答案　was used
解析　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In ancient times可知，句子描述過去發(fā)生的事情，所以時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)；主語(yǔ)it與use之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)it為單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用was。故填was used。
4．答案　popularity
解析　考查名詞。作動(dòng)詞enjoy的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞popularity，不可數(shù)。故填popularity。
5．答案　is pronounced
解析　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。陳述事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為word，單數(shù)，與pronounce之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填is pronounced。
6．答案　which
解析　考查定語(yǔ)從句。空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞Jiaodong flower bobo，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。故填which。
7．答案　to introduce
解析　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。空處用不定式作表語(yǔ)，解釋說明主語(yǔ)purpose的具體內(nèi)容。故填to introduce。
8．答案　an
解析　考查冠詞。此處表達(dá)“一種榮譽(yù)”，為泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞；honor的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞an修飾。故填an。
9．答案　hopeful
解析　考查形容詞。空處作表語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞hopeful。故填hopeful。
10．答案　through
解析　考查介詞。此處指通過這次展覽把這個(gè)慶祝中國(guó)春節(jié)的民間習(xí)俗介紹給市民，應(yīng)用介詞through，表示“通過，憑借”。故填through。(共75張PPT)
Period 3
Grammar and usage—To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives
Food matters
Unit 1
內(nèi)容索引
情境導(dǎo)讀
語(yǔ)法總覽
語(yǔ)法精講
作業(yè)3
達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)
情境導(dǎo)讀
閱讀以下短文，感知加顏色部分，并分析其所作成分
①It is my great honour to deliver a speech about my dream.②My dream is to become a teacher.③When I was a little kid，my mother told me it is not easy to be a good teacher.④When I heard my mother’s words，my puzzle was what to do to become a teacher.⑤Mother told me it would take a lot of energy and time to make my dream come true.⑥Since then I have kept in mind that if I want to pursue my dream，to study hard is the first thing that I should do.
1.句①③⑤中to deliver a speech，to be a good teacher，to make my dream come true均為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作 ，it作 。句⑥中to study hard為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作 語(yǔ)。
2.句②中to become a teacher為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作 語(yǔ)，此句的主語(yǔ)為
。句④中what to do為“特殊疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”作 語(yǔ)。
真正的主語(yǔ)
形式主語(yǔ)
主
My dream
返 回
表
表
語(yǔ)法總覽
返 回
語(yǔ)法精講
一、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)通常表示個(gè)別的、具體的、一次性的或者具有將來含義的動(dòng)作，并且句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。常見的動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的情況主要有四類：
1.動(dòng)詞不定式直接作主語(yǔ)。
To finish the work before Friday is not so easy.
在周五之前完成這項(xiàng)工作沒有那么容易。
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
騎自行車到那里將花費(fèi)我們半個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間。
注意：動(dòng)名詞也可以作主語(yǔ)，但表示動(dòng)作經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生，而不是只針對(duì)某一次。
Talking loudly in public places is not good.
在公共場(chǎng)所大聲說話不好。
2.形式主語(yǔ)it放在句首，真正的主語(yǔ)——?jiǎng)釉~不定式放在后面。
It would be better for you to cycle around the lake.你最好繞著湖騎自行車。
It’s not easy to work out the problem.
計(jì)算出這道題不容易。
It is interesting to play with snow in winter.
冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。
注意：it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有三種情況：
①用形容詞作它的表語(yǔ)。真正的主語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式)通常有邏輯主語(yǔ)，一般用for短語(yǔ)來引出，即for sb to do sth。但當(dāng)作表語(yǔ)的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征時(shí)，要用of引出其邏輯主語(yǔ)。此時(shí)的表語(yǔ)形容詞往往有clever，foolish，kind，nice，polite，silly，stupid，wise等。如：
It’s easy for him to work out this math problem.對(duì)他來說解出這道數(shù)學(xué)題很容易。
It was careless of him to drink the vinegar in that bottle by mistake.
＝He was careless to drink the vinegar in that bottle by mistake.
他真粗心，誤把那瓶醋喝了。
②用名詞作表語(yǔ)。如：
It is a great honor for me to deliver a speech on how to learn English well.
我很榮幸能做一個(gè)關(guān)于如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的演講。
③用于“It takes/took/will take sb some time/money to do sth.”句型。如：
It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
昨天晚上我用了一個(gè)多小時(shí)的時(shí)間做作業(yè)。
3.“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”作主語(yǔ)。
常見的特殊疑問詞有what，who，which，when，where，how等。采用“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”作主語(yǔ)，句子的謂語(yǔ)同樣采用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
How to relieve the pain is a question.
如何緩解疼痛是一個(gè)問題。
Where to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided.
還沒有定下來在哪里舉行會(huì)議。
4.動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式作主語(yǔ)。
To be admitted by a key university is difficult for him.對(duì)他來說，被一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取是困難的。
二、動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)
1.動(dòng)詞不定式直接作表語(yǔ)說明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容，表示“即將進(jìn)行的一次性動(dòng)作或?qū)淼臓顟B(tài)”。作主語(yǔ)的詞往往是aim，ambition，goal，wish，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，problem，function，purpose，task，intention，decision，way等。
To live is to do something worthwhile.
活著就是要做一些有價(jià)值的事情。
His wish is to become an astronaut.
他的愿望是成為一名宇航員。
My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
我的主要目的是指出這件事的困難。
注意：如果主語(yǔ)部分含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，表語(yǔ)中的to可以省略。
What we can do now is (to) wait here patiently.
我們現(xiàn)在能做的就是在這里耐心等待。
2.動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式作表語(yǔ)。
What he hoped was to be admitted into the university.
他希望能被那所大學(xué)錄取。
注意：①有些作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式，在結(jié)構(gòu)上是主動(dòng)的，但在意義上卻是被動(dòng)的。
She is to blame for the accident last night.
她應(yīng)該為昨天晚上發(fā)生的事故負(fù)責(zé)。
②若不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前，則用不定式的完成式：主動(dòng)用to have done，被動(dòng)用to have been done。
His eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.
他的雙眼閉著，看上去像是已經(jīng)睡著了。
Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears to have been told everything.
一定要讓你母親知道所有的真相。她似乎什么都被告知了。
3.“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”作表語(yǔ)。
常見的特殊疑問詞有what，who，which，when，where，how等。“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”通常與be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作be動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)。
The greatest problem we are facing now is how to finish the work on time.
我們現(xiàn)在面臨的最大問題是如何按時(shí)完成工作。
返 回
達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)
1.Then we will know how important is to make our life meaningful.
2.It is not a simple matter (determine) the nature of talent.
3.The aim of the talent show is (enrich) students’ extra-curricular activities.
4.Whether studying abroad will do harm to teenagers or good remains
(see).
5.Another way of setting realistic goals is (analyse) your short and long objectives.
it
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
to determine
to enrich
to be seen
to analyse
6.My explanation seemed (make) things worse，which drove me more anxious than before.
7.How (relieve) pain，from illness or stress，is a question needing careful consideration.
8.Most people believe that the best way to build a great team is _________
(gather) a group of the most talented individuals.
to have made
to relieve
to gather
聽說你因?yàn)榱?xí)慣吃高脂肪和少纖維的快餐而健康狀況不佳，我寫信給你提供一些建議。首先，你應(yīng)該知道你的目標(biāo)是保持健康，在你的日常生活中要吃的是高維生素和低脂肪的健康食品。
Ⅱ.完成下列語(yǔ)段，盡可能多地使用動(dòng)詞不定式
Hearing that you suffered from poor health because of your habit of having fast food with high fat and little fibre，I’m writing 1.___________
.To begin with，you should know that your aim is 2._____
，and 3. is healthy food with high vitamins and low fat.
to offer some
advice to you
to
stay healthy
what to eat in your daily life
更重要的是，保持均衡健康的飲食對(duì)你來說是非常必要的。因此，最好的方法是自己在家做飯，而不是去餐館吃。我堅(jiān)信如果你聽從我的建議，你一定會(huì)更健康。
What’s more，it is very essential for you 4.__________________________
.Therefore，the best way is 5. rather than going to the restaurant.I do believe you are to be healthier if you follow my advice.
to keep a balanced and healthy
diet
to cook at home by yourself
返 回
作業(yè)3
1.It is not easy for a foreigner (learn) to speak Chinese.
2.When and where (hold) the conference is still under discussion.
3.When she learned he felt down，all that she could do was ____________
(comfort) him.
4.The purpose of education is (develop) a fine personality in children.
5.The first thing we should consider is how (deal) with the tough problem.
to learn
to hold
(to) comfort
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
to develop
to deal
6.Our students’ job is (study) hard to realize our great ambition in the future.
7.It took him a long time (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
8.It has been a pleasure (work) closely with Gordon and he leaves the club with all our best wishes.
to study
to acquire
to work
1.她真蠢，一次又一次地犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。
the same mistake again and again.
2.對(duì)她來說樹立起這個(gè)小男孩的自信是非常重要的。
It is quite important .
3.晚上他唯一能做的就是安靜地讀書。
In the evening，the only thing he could do .
Ⅱ.單句寫作
It is stupid of her to make
for her to build up the little boy’s confidence
was (to) read a book quietly
4.在去博物館的路上，雨下得特別大，我們?nèi)滩蛔∠胫酪ǘ嗑媚艿竭_(dá)那里。
On our way to the museum，it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering .
5.(應(yīng)用文寫作之演講稿)能有機(jī)會(huì)在這里發(fā)表演講，我感到非常榮幸。
the opportunity to deliver a speech here.
how long it would take to get there
It is a great honour for me to have
A
(2024·江蘇常州高二上期中聯(lián)考)
Climate breakdown is already changing the taste and quality of beer，scientists have warned.The quantity and quality of hops(啤酒花)，a key ingredient in most beers，is being affected by global heating，according to a study.As a result，beer may become more expensive and producers will have to adapt their methods.
語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)全球變暖正在影響啤酒花的產(chǎn)量與質(zhì)量。文章介紹了研究開展的過程以及影響啤酒花調(diào)味的因素。
Ⅲ.主題語(yǔ)篇閱讀
Researchers forecast that hop yields in European growing regions will fall by 4－18% by 2050 if farmers do not adapt to hotter and drier weather，while the content of alpha acids in the hops，which gives beers their unique taste and smell，will fall by 20－31%.
“Beer drinkers will definitely see the climate change，either in the price tag or the quality，” said Miroslav Trnka，a scientist at the Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences and co-author of the study，published in the journal Nature Communications.“That seems to be inevitable from our data.”
Beer，the third-most popular drink in the world after water and tea，is made by fermenting(發(fā)酵) malted grains like barley with yeast.It is usually flavored with sweet-smelling hops grown mostly in the middle latitudes(緯度) that are sensitive to changes in light，heat and water.
In recent years，demand for high-quality hops has been pushed up by a boom in craft beers with stronger flavors.But releases of planet-heating gases are putting the plant at risk，the study found.
The researchers compared the average annual yield of aroma hops during the periods 1971－1994 and 1995－2018 and found “a significant production decrease” of 0.13－0.27 tons per hectare.Celje，in Slovenia，had the greatest fall in average annual hop yield at 19.4%.In Germany，the second biggest hop producer in the world，average hop yields have fallen 19.1% in Spalt,13.7% in Hallertau，and 9.5% in Tettnang，the study found.
Andreas Auernhammer，a hop farmer in Spalt in southern Germany，said the total rainfall in his fields had changed little but that now “the rain does not come at the right time”.
1.How may beer lovers find about beer due to climate change
A.More affordable. B.Less tasty.
C.More adaptable. D.Less sensitive.
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，由于氣候變化，啤酒花產(chǎn)量下降，而啤酒花中阿爾法酸的含量也將會(huì)下降，這些都會(huì)影響啤酒的口味，由此可知，啤酒愛好者可能會(huì)覺得啤酒不那么美味了。故選B。
解析
√
2.What does the underlined word “inevitable” in paragraph 3 most probably mean
A.Unimaginable. B.Unbearable.
C.Unavoidable. D.Unusual.
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Beer drinkers will definitely see the climate change，either in the price tag or the quality”可知，啤酒飲用者肯定會(huì)察覺到氣候變化的影響，無(wú)論是從啤酒的價(jià)格標(biāo)簽上還是質(zhì)量上，說明對(duì)啤酒的影響是不可避免的。故畫線詞意思是“不可避免的”，故選C。
解析
√
3.What can we infer from Andreas’s words
A.Rainfall has little to do with beer making.
B.There is little production decrease in his area.
C.More rain is needed to improve the situation.
D.Rainfall pattern affects hop production.
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Andreas說的話可知，他的田地里的總降雨量幾乎沒有變化，但現(xiàn)在“雨來的不是時(shí)候”，即降雨模式發(fā)生了變化，再結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中“average hop yields have fallen 19.1% in Spalt”講Andreas所在地區(qū)的啤酒花產(chǎn)量下降可推知，降雨模式影響啤酒花產(chǎn)量，故選D。
解析
√
4.How did the researchers mainly carry out the research
A.Analyzing data.
B.Conducting a survey.
C.Doing experiments.
D.Using logic thinking.
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“The researchers compared the average annual yield of aroma hops during the periods 1971－1994 and 1995－2018 and found...0.13－0.27 tons...at 19.4%...fallen 19.1%...13.7% in...9.5% in...”可知，研究人員主要通過分析數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行研究，故選A。
解析
√
B(此篇精讀)
(2024·重慶高二上期中)
For more than half a century，scientists have sought to understand X-rays from space and what they reveal about our galaxy and the universe beyond it.As it turns out，lobsters can help astronomers do just that.
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)龍蝦的眼睛具有獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)，這可以幫助他們觀測(cè)太空中的X射線，指導(dǎo)探索更遠(yuǎn)的宇宙。近年來，模擬龍蝦眼睛的結(jié)構(gòu)而制造出的儀器得到了越來越廣泛的應(yīng)用。未來，它可能成為幫助科學(xué)家更好地了解神秘宇宙的關(guān)鍵工具。
Lobsters(龍蝦) have developed specialized eyes to see in their dark habitats located up to around 2,300 feet below the ocean surface.Unlike humans，whose eyes consist of rounded lenses that bend light，lobsters’ eyes depend on reflection.Each of their two eyes is packed with up to 10,000 square-shaped tubes.Each tube is lined with a flat，reflective surface that acts like a mirror to direct incoming light down to the retina(視網(wǎng)膜).This setup affords lobsters a full 180-degree view，compared with humans’ 120-degree vision.
The breakthrough idea connecting lobster eyes to astronomy came in 1978 when Roger Angel，an astronomer at the University of Arizona，drew inspiration from an article on animal vision.Angel envisioned creating instruments imitating lobster eyes to enhance the capture of cosmic X-rays during missions beyond Earth’s orbit.In 1992，researchers from Columbia University ran the first successful X-ray measurements using lobster-eye instruments.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.“This is a technology that’s been around a long time in astrophysics，” says Scott Porter，an astrophysicist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
Today，Porter’s team has developed specialized instruments to better understand how solar wind interact with Earth’s magnetic(磁的) field.Researchers pack thousands of tiny glass tubes and then heat and curve them to create a ball shape that can concentrate the X-rays into a singular point.Plus，many of these tools are much lighter and smaller than traditional X-ray instruments，and therefore easier to incorporate into multi-instrument missions.
Porter says that the number of applications for lobster-based instruments have increased in recent years.As projects receive funding，lobster eye instruments may become a key tool in our quest to better understand the vast，mysterious universe.
5.How does the structure of lobster eyes contribute to their vision capabilities
A.The square-shaped lenses help the eyes focus better.
B.Tubes in the eyes can refract light in multiple directions.
C.The shape of the eyes can provide a clearer field of vision.
D.Reflective surfaces of tubes in the eyes direct light to the retina.
√
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Unlike humans...lobsters’ eyes depend on reflection...reflective surface that acts like a mirror to direct incoming light down to the retina(視網(wǎng)膜).”可知，龍蝦眼睛的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)它們的視覺能力的影響在于眼睛里的反射管將光線直射到視網(wǎng)膜。故選D。
解析
6.What can we know from paragraph 3 about lobster-eye instruments
A.They were first invented by Roger Angel.
B.They are developed for deep-sea exploration.
C.They were first introduced in space missions in 2007.
D.They helped researchers capture cosmic X-rays in 1992.
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“In 1992，researchers from Columbia University ran the first successful X-ray measurements using lobster-eye instruments.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.”可知，1992年研究人員使用龍蝦眼儀器進(jìn)行了第一次成功的X射線測(cè)量，15年后即2017年，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)才被應(yīng)用于航天任務(wù)。故選C。
解析
√
7.What is Porter’s attitude towards lobster-based instruments
A.Skeptical B.Positive.
C.Indifferent. D.Confused.
觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“‘This is a technology that’s been around a long time in astrophysics，’ says Scott Porter...”以及最后一段內(nèi)容可知，波特認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)技術(shù)在天體物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)存在很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了，并且在近年來基于龍蝦的儀器的應(yīng)用數(shù)量有所增加，而且在未來這種儀器可能成為我們了解和探索宇宙的關(guān)鍵，因此波特對(duì)龍蝦眼儀器的態(tài)度是積極的。故選B。
解析
√
8.What is the passage mainly about
A.The application of lobster-eye instruments in various fields.
B.The unique setup of lobster eyes adapted for deep-sea vision.
C.The development of lobster-eye instruments for space X-rays.
D.The difference between lobster-eye instruments and traditional ones.
√
主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹的是科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)龍蝦的眼睛具有獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)，這可以幫助他們觀測(cè)太空中的X射線，指導(dǎo)探索更遠(yuǎn)的宇宙。近年來，模擬龍蝦眼睛的結(jié)構(gòu)而制造出的儀器得到了越來越廣泛的應(yīng)用。未來，它可能成為幫助科學(xué)家更好地了解神秘宇宙的關(guān)鍵工具。C選項(xiàng)“用于探究太空X射線的龍蝦眼儀器的發(fā)展過程”符合文章主旨。故選C。
解析
1.reveal v.揭示；展示
2.consist of由……組成/構(gòu)成
3.reflection n.反射；映像，倒影；反映，顯示；深思；描述；感想→reflect v.照出(影像)；反映，顯示；反射；沉思；表達(dá)(意見)→reflective adj.反射的，反光的；代表性的；深思的
4.be packed with裝滿，充滿
5.direct熟義：adj.筆直的，徑直的；直接的　生義(文義)：v.指引，引導(dǎo)
6.breakthrough n.重大進(jìn)展；突破
7.heat(轉(zhuǎn))n.→v.加熱
詞匯積累
1.Plus，many of these tools are much lighter and smaller than traditional X-ray instruments，and therefore easier to incorporate into multi-instrument missions.
分析：此句為簡(jiǎn)單句，其中包含“be＋adj.＋to do”結(jié)構(gòu)。
翻譯：此外，這些工具中的許多都比傳統(tǒng)的X射線儀器更輕、更小，因此更容易合并到多儀器任務(wù)中。
句式分析
2.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.
分析：此句為復(fù)合句。before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“……之后才……”
翻譯：又過了15年，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)才被用于航天器任務(wù)。
(2024·湖南高二上期中)
Think back to the last time you shopped for fruit and vegetables.
語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了關(guān)于有機(jī)食品的一些相關(guān)信息。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀
You may have noticed some items labelled with the word “organic”. 1
A.Have you ever wondered what that means
B.For most of history，almost all food was organic.
C.Are you wondering if organic food is right for you
D.Some also think organic foods are naturally more nutritious.
E.It is always best to choose organically grown foods if possible.
F.So it costs people much more money to purchase organic food.
G.Scientists have studied organic and non-organic foods for many years.
√
根據(jù)上文“You may have noticed some items labelled with the word ‘organic’.”以及第二段首句“‘Organic’ refers to the way food is grown.”可知，空處承上啟下，需要提出“有機(jī)”是什么意思。A選項(xiàng)“你有沒有想過它是什么意思？”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。
解析
“Organic” refers to the way food is grown.To be labelled as “organic”，food production must meet strict guidelines.These can be different depending on where you live.In the United States，organic foods must be grown or raised without using pesticides or chemical fertilizers.
2 That changed after the Industrial Revolution.
A.Have you ever wondered what that means
B.For most of history，almost all food was organic.
C.Are you wondering if organic food is right for you
D.Some also think organic foods are naturally more nutritious.
E.It is always best to choose organically grown foods if possible.
F.So it costs people much more money to purchase organic food.
G.Scientists have studied organic and non-organic foods for many years.
√
根據(jù)下文“That changed after the Industrial Revolution.”可知，空處說明工業(yè)革命前的情況。B選項(xiàng)“在歷史的大部分時(shí)間里，幾乎所有的食物都是有機(jī)的”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。
解析
During the 20th century，many ideas that were used by factories and big businesses were put into action on farms.This helped some farms grow larger and produce more.
However，the organic movement was started to get back to the old traditional ways of farming.Why Many believe the chemicals and pesticides used in modern farming can be harmful to your health.
3 And those who support the organic movement also point to its benefits for the environment.
A.Have you ever wondered what that means
B.For most of history，almost all food was organic.
C.Are you wondering if organic food is right for you
D.Some also think organic foods are naturally more nutritious.
E.It is always best to choose organically grown foods if possible.
F.So it costs people much more money to purchase organic food.
G.Scientists have studied organic and non-organic foods for many years.
√
根據(jù)上文“Many believe the chemicals and pesticides used in modern farming can be harmful to your health.”可知，空處承接上文，說明另一些人的看法。D選項(xiàng)“一些人還認(rèn)為有機(jī)食品自然而然地更有營(yíng)養(yǎng)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。
解析
Have you ever compared organic and non-organic foods at the grocery store If so，you know that organic food tends to cost more.This happens for many reasons. Organic farming produces fewer crops.
4 Additionally，organic farms spend more money taking care of the animals they raise.These and other factors drive the cost of organic food up.
A.Have you ever wondered what that means
B.For most of history，almost all food was organic.
C.Are you wondering if organic food is right for you
D.Some also think organic foods are naturally more nutritious.
E.It is always best to choose organically grown foods if possible.
F.So it costs people much more money to purchase organic food.
G.Scientists have studied organic and non-organic foods for many years.
√
根據(jù)上文“If so，you know that organic food tends to cost more.This happens for many reasons.Organic farming produces fewer crops.”可知，空處與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，指出因?yàn)橛袡C(jī)作物產(chǎn)量少，所以價(jià)格更高。F選項(xiàng)“所以人們買有機(jī)食品要花更多的錢”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。
解析
Is organic food worth the extra cost Some people believe it is.They may think it tastes better or just prefer to eat food that has not been grown using chemicals.
5 They are still trying to find a major difference between organic and non-organic food in terms of safety，nutrition，or taste.Still，others argue that the environmental benefits of organic food make it worth the price.
A.Have you ever wondered what that means
B.For most of history，almost all food was organic.
C.Are you wondering if organic food is right for you
D.Some also think organic foods are naturally more nutritious.
E.It is always best to choose organically grown foods if possible.
F.So it costs people much more money to purchase organic food.
G.Scientists have studied organic and non-organic foods for many years.
√
根據(jù)下文“They are still trying to find a major difference between organic and non-organic food in terms of safety，nutrition，or taste.”可知，空處應(yīng)提到They指代的對(duì)象，且該對(duì)象對(duì)有機(jī)食品和非有機(jī)食品進(jìn)行了研究。G選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家對(duì)有機(jī)食品和非有機(jī)食品研究了很多年了”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。
解析
(2024·山東煙臺(tái)高二上期末)
An exhibition featuring “Jiaodong flower bobo” was held at Yantai Culture Center to greet the 1. (approach) Spring Festival.
語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了在煙臺(tái)市文化中心舉辦的一場(chǎng)關(guān)于膠東花餑餑的展覽。
approaching
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。空格處用非謂語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ)，修飾后面的名詞短語(yǔ)Spring Festival，此名詞短語(yǔ)與approach之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞approaching。故填approaching。
解析
Ⅴ.語(yǔ)法填空
Made of wheat，bobo can assume various forms of animals and figures,2.___________(decorate) with red jujubes(棗) and colorful flowers.Eatable and entertaining，this kind of bobo looks like a delicate handicraft，showing the food culture and artistic pursuit of the local people.
decorated
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，decorate與其邏輯主語(yǔ)bobo構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。故填decorated。
解析
It’s hard to know when Jiaodong flower bobo first appeared.In ancient times it 3.__________(use) as offerings.It still enjoys great 4.___________(popular) in the rural areas of Weihai，Yantai and Qingdao，
was used
3.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In ancient times可知，句子描述過去發(fā)生的事情，所以時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)；主語(yǔ)it與use之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)it為單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用was。故填was used。
4.考查名詞。作動(dòng)詞enjoy的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞popularity，不可數(shù)。故填popularity。
解析
popularity
where people steam bobo to celebrate special occasions like the Spring Festival，weddings and birthdays，as the word for “steam” 5._________
_____________(pronounce) “zheng” in Chinese，indicating life’s fortune will rise.
is
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。陳述事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為word，單數(shù)，與pronounce之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填is pronounced。
解析
pronounced
The exhibition was designed to showcase the city’s protection of the craftsmanship of Jiaodong flower bobo,6. was included in the Shandong provincial government’s intangible cultural heritage list in 2009.
which
考查定語(yǔ)從句。空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞Jiaodong flower bobo，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。故填which。
解析
The exhibition gathered 100 works by 20 inheritors(傳承人) of the Jiaodong flower bobo modeling craft from Qixia，Laizhou，Zhaoyuan and Longkou.The purpose of inviting the inheritors was 7._____________ (introduce) the art of making Jiaodong flower bobo.One of them，
to introduce
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。空處用不定式作表語(yǔ)，解釋說明主語(yǔ)purpose的具體內(nèi)容。故填to introduce。
解析
Jia Yuping from Qixia，said it was 8. honor to preserve and promote the heritage and that she was 9. (hope) about its future.
an
8.考查冠詞。此處表達(dá)“一種榮譽(yù)”，為泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞；honor的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞an修飾。故填an。
9.考查形容詞。空處作表語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞hopeful。故填hopeful。
解析
hopeful
“We wish to introduce to our citizens the folk customs of celebrating Chinese Lunar New Year 10. the exhibition，” said an organizer.
through
考查介詞。此處指通過這次展覽把這個(gè)慶祝中國(guó)春節(jié)的民間習(xí)俗介紹給市民，應(yīng)用介詞through，表示“通過，憑借”。故填through。
解析
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