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Period 4　Using Language
Task 1：Fast reading for the structure of the text.
Ⅰ.Skim the passage to find out the general idea of the text by filling in the chart below.
Ⅱ.Skim the text to find out the main idea of the text.
The text mainly tells us the advantages and disadvantages/the strengths and weaknesses of two farming methods.
Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text.
1．Why did farmers welcome artificial fertilisers at first
A．They were in widespread use.
B．They couldn’t harm the field.
C．They benefited people’s health.
D．They could increase production.
答案　D
2．What does the word “them” in “who digest them” refer to in paragraph 2
A．Insects. B．Bacteria.
C．Crops. D．Chemicals.
答案　C
3．What kind of people are organic farmers
A．Those who care for the environment.
B．Those who produce organic fertilisers.
C．Those who grow crops with chemical fertilisers.
D．Those who grow crops with natural fertilisers.
答案　D
4．How do farmers make the soil not get exhausted
A．By using chemical fertilisers.
B．By using natural fertilisers.
C．By changing crops every year.
D．By growing the same crops year after year.
答案　C
5．What’s the author’s attitude to organic farming
A．Unconcerned. B．Neutral(中立的)．
C．Supportive. D．Negative.
答案　C
6．How is the text developed
A．By listing specific data.
B．By quoting experts’ words.
C．By presenting the results of some researchers.
D．By means of examples，pictures and comparison.
答案　D
Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English.
1．廣泛使用中 in widespread use
2．隨著時間的流逝 over time
3．另外 in addition
4．地下水源 underground water sources
5．相應地；轉而；依次；輪流 in turn
6．事實上 in fact
7．因為；由于 because of
8．對……造成損害 cause damage to
9．至于 as for
10．富含 be rich in
11．必需礦物質 essential minerals
12．關注；集中于…… focus on
13．沒有……的，不受……影響的 free of
14．例如；比如 for instance
15．更喜歡做某事 prefer to do sth
16．阻止……做某事 keep...from doing sth
17．滿足那種需求 meet that need
18．找到合適的解決方案 find a suitable solution
Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences.
1．When they were first introduced，many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production.(P55 Para.1)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，When引導的是時間狀語從句，動詞不定式to fight...作后置定語，修飾a great way。
[漢語翻譯] 引入之初，二者被許多農民視為抵御作物病害、增加產量的好方法，因而頗受歡迎。
2．Over time，however，what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.(P55 Para.1)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，what引導的是主語從句，that引導的是表語從句。
[漢語翻譯] 然而，隨著時間的推移，一些科學家發現，長期使用它們有時會危害土地和人類健康。
3．For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones.(P55 Para.2)
[結構分析] 此句是簡單句，killing not only...是動詞-ing形式短語作介詞by的賓語。
[漢語翻譯] 例如，農藥在殺死有害細菌和昆蟲的同時，也會殺死有益的細菌和昆蟲，從而破壞土地。
4．This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them.(P55 Para.2)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，grown on the land是過去分詞短語作后置定語，who digest them是定語從句。
[漢語翻譯] 這會影響土里種植的作物，繼而影響消化這些作物的人畜。
5．In fact，some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.(P55 Para.2)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，they cause to people and the environment是省略了關系代詞that/which的定語從句，修飾先行詞the damage。
[漢語翻譯] 事實上，由于對人類和環境有害，“滴滴涕”等農藥在大多數國家已被禁用。
6．They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well.(P55 Para.2)
[結構分析] 此句是由并列連詞but和and連接的并列句。
[漢語翻譯] 此類作物外表靚麗，而內里卻經常是水分多于必需礦物質，并且往往口感較差。
7．As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.(P55 Para.3)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，and連接兩個并列分句；when they shop at the local grocery是when引導的時間狀語從句。
[漢語翻譯] 作為一種替代方法，有些農民已經轉向有機耕作，而且許多消費者在當地食雜店購物時，也轉而選擇有機食品。
8．Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.(P56 Para.4)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，that use different depths of soil是定語從句，修飾先行詞diverse crops，to help keep it rich是不定式短語作目的狀語。
[漢語翻譯] 有機耕作的農民也種植土壤深度要求不同的多樣化作物，以保持土壤肥沃。
9．The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.(P56 Para.4)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，to grow good food是不定式短語作表語，while avoiding...是狀語從句的省略。
[漢語翻譯] 采用不同的有機耕作方法，目的在于生產優質食物，同時避免損害環境和人類健康。
10．Therefore，there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.(P56 Para.5)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，that puts sufficient food on the dinner table...是定語從句，修飾先行詞a suitable solution，while keeping...是狀語從句的省略。
[漢語翻譯] 因此，要想找到一個合適的解決方案，使人類和環境盡可能保持健康，又讓人們有足夠的食物可吃，這還有很長的路要走。
in turn相應地；轉而；依次；輪流
[教材原句P55]This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them.這會影響土里種植的作物，繼而影響消化這些作物的人畜。
[譯林版必修第三冊Unit 1]These frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.相應地，這些青蛙以昆蟲為食，而昆蟲則吃樹葉和水果。
by turns輪流 take turns to do sth輪流做某事 It is one’s turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事。 It turns/turned out that...結果是……，原來是……
(1)Bernard and John took turns to sell(sell) popcorn with a unique flavour in the market.
(2)The audience reacted warmly and excitedly as each of the women spoke in turn.
[寫作佳句]
(3)(讀后續寫之激動情緒描寫)輪到我做演講了。結果我鼓舞人心的演講吸引了所有的師生，這使我欣喜若狂。
It was my turn to deliver a speech.It turned out that my inspiring speech appealed to all the students and teachers，which made me wild with joy.
essential adj.完全必要的；極其重要的
[教材原句P55]They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well.此類作物外表靚麗，而內里卻經常是水分多于必需礦物質，并且往往口感較差。
[北師大版選擇性必修第三冊Unit 7]In short，if you want to succeed in a 21st century career，you will have to develop new essential skills.簡言之，如果你想在21世紀的職業生涯中取得成功，就必須培養新的必備技能。
be essential to/for...對……很重要 It is essential that...(should)do... 做……是完全必要的。 It is essential for sb to do...對某人來說做……是完全必要的。
(1)In reality，learning about the history of the Tang Dynasty is essential to/for you before learning Tang poems.
[寫作佳句]
(2)(2023·北京，書面表達)公眾應該相互合作，共同制定建設綠色北京的切實可行的計劃，這是很必要的。
It is essential that the public (should) team up with one another/for the public to team up with one another to work out practical plans regarding building a Green Beijing.
alternative n．可供選擇的事物 adj.可供替代的；非傳統的(alternatively adv.要不，或者)
[教材原句P55]As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.作為一種替代方法，有些農民已經轉向有機耕作，而且許多消費者在當地食雜店購物時，也轉而選擇有機食品。
[外研版選擇性必修第四冊Unit 1]Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis.生活每天都會向我們拋出許多選擇。
have no alternative but to do sth別無選擇只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth有做某事的選擇 an alternative to... ……的替代品
(1)When you visit your Chinese friends for the first time，it is appropriate for you to bring beautiful fresh flowers，alternatively(alternative)，buy a box of milk.
(2)To protect the environment，public transportation and walking can be an alternative to private cars.
(3)What Youth appeals to me is that I have the alternative of reading(read) inspiring stories or attaining much pleasure from the latest news.
[寫作佳句]
(4)(2024·新課標Ⅰ，讀后續寫)非常無助，我別無選擇只好向出租車司機求助，司機欣然答應幫我擺脫困境。
Overcome with helplessness，I had no alternative but to turn to the taxi driver for help and the driver readily promised to help me out of difficulty.
too...to...結構
[教材原句P55]As for chemical fertilisers，crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.
至于化肥，用其施肥的農作物通常生長得過快而營養不足。
[結構分析] 此句是簡單句，grown with them是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞crops，句中的too fast to be rich in nutrition為too...to...結構，too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth意為“太……而不能……”，表示否定含義。
此結構在以下情況中也可表示肯定意義： ·too后跟anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等表示心情、心理活動狀態或心理傾向的形容詞時； ·too前有but，only，all等詞對其進行修飾時； ·否定詞not，never等用在too前時。
(1)看到舞臺下有那么多的觀眾，他緊張得不知道說什么。
Seeing such a crowd of audience below the stage，he was too nervous to know what to say.
(2)我能找到人聊聊天，太高興了。因此，我怎么感謝你也不為過。
I am only too happy to have someone to speak to.Therefore，I can’t thank you too much.
(3)(2023·新課標 Ⅰ，讀后續寫)當我聽到我在寫作比賽中獲得第一名的消息時，我激動得幾乎要哭出來了。
I was too excited to be close to tears when I heard the news that I won first prize in the writing competition.
現在分詞短語作結果狀語
[教材原句P56]Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.
種植不同的作物是因為它們把重要的礦物質帶回土壤之中，從而使土壤為種植下一批農作物做好準備。
[結構分析] 此句是一個復合句，句子的主語是Why引導的主語從句，that they put important minerals back into the ground是that引導的表語從句，making it ready for the next batch of crops是現在分詞短語作結果狀語。
·現在分詞短語作結果狀語，表示一種自然而然的結果； ·不定式作結果狀語，則表示一種出乎意料的結果，往往用only/never to do結構。
(1)(讀后續寫之絕望心理描寫)馬克差點被惡狼抓住，這把他扔進黑暗和絕望的世界。
Mac was nearly caught by the fierce wolf，throwing him into a world of darkness and hopelessness.
(2)(讀后續寫之心理描寫)簡非常憤怒地獨自離開，結果發現她在陌生的樹林中迷路了。
Jane left alone with extreme anger，only to find that she was lost in the unfamiliar forest.
同位語從句
[教材原句P56]What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.
他們不能這樣做的原因是化學農業滿足了全世界對糧食的巨大需求。
[結構分析] 此句是一個復合句，What keeps them from doing so是what引導的主語從句，that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是that引導的同位語從句，對the fact進行解釋說明。
·可以跟同位語從句的名詞有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息；諾言)，possibility等。 ·引導同位語從句的連接詞有：從屬連詞that，whether，連接代詞 what，who，which，連接副詞 how，when，where等。(注意：if不能引導同位語從句)
(1)(讀后續寫之悲傷心理描寫)當我們聽說老爺爺去世的消息時，我們極度悲傷，淚水濕潤了眼眶。
When we heard the news that the old grandfather passed away，we were overcome with extreme sadness，tears welling up in our eyes.
(2)(讀后續寫之興奮心理描寫)媽媽建議我們在下一個村莊露營，她的眼中閃爍著興奮的光芒。
My mother made a suggestion that we (should) camp in the next village，her eyes glittering with excitement.
(3)他是否能夠勝任這項工作還是個問題。
There is still a question whether he can be equal to the job.
(4)(2023·天津6月，書面表達)毫無疑問，即將舉辦的漢語工作坊旨在促進中英文化交流。
There is no doubt that the upcoming Chinese workshop is aimed at promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK.
Ⅰ.品句猜詞
1．It often takes a long time to digest① such a difficult digest② of this science and technology article.①vt.領會，領悟 　②n.摘要
2．After tireless efforts，we finally got to the root of the problem and we sighed in relief.n.根源
Ⅱ.單詞拼寫
1．He strongly suggests that we should take part in outdoor activities with the objective of alleviating our inner anxiety.
2．I remind you not to judge anything about the idea until you have digested(領悟) it entirely.
3．What made him embarrassed was that his son copied others’ work in many aspects(方面)．
4．We must study the incident in depth to figure out its root.
Ⅲ.單句語法填空
1.Ultimately，I had no alternative but to quit(quit) the job and I wept uncontrollably.
2．These celebrities took turns to deliver(deliver) a speech on how to help homeless people out of difficulty.
3．To study efficiently，it is essential for us to relax(relax) ourselves in our leisure time.
4．It convinced me of the fact that there were still many kind and generous people around us.
5．The news entirely shocked the public，leading(lead) to a great concern about students’ safety at school.
6．I always focus on creating a novel in my leisure time.
Ⅳ.課文語法填空
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century,1.but/yet scientists found that their long-term use can sometimes be 2.harmful(harm) to both the land and people’s health.In most countries some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited because of the damage 3.caused(cause) to people and the environment.Thus，some farmers have switched 4.to organic farming,5.which can help tackle the problem.They use natural waste from animals as fertiliser instead of artificial fertilisers.By doing so，they make the soil in their fields richer in minerals than before.In addition，many other methods 6.are used(use) to produce rich soil.Farmers often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.In this way，some important 7.minerals(mineral) are put back into the ground.Some people would prefer 8.stopping/to stop(stop) the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture 9.completely(complete)，but organic farming can’t serve the high demand for food around the world.So scientists have to find a suitable 10.solution(solve) to the problem.
作業4　Using Language
[分值：76.5分]
Ⅰ.短語填空(共7小題；每小題2分，滿分14分)
1．I strongly recommend that you should consume these few kinds of foods which are rich in(富含) essential minerals.
2．These experts in agriculture have focused on(集中于) studying organic farming in the past few years.
3．There is no doubt that the chemical fertiliser causes damage to(對……造成損害) the soil and the surrounding environment.
4．I prefer buying/to buy(更喜歡買) this kind of domestic smartphone this company produces.
5．No matter what happens，nothing will keep him from(阻止他) attaining his goal.
6．It was because of(因為) his determination and bravery that made him overcome the problems.
7．Have you found a suitable solution(找到合適的解決方案) to tackling the challenging issue
Ⅱ.主題微寫作——蔬菜栽培傳統工藝實踐課程(滿分15分)
1．我很愿意告訴你一些關于我們學校今年開設的兩門實踐課程。(too...to...)
I am too willing to tell you something about the two practical courses opened by our school this year.
2．在參加蔬菜種植課程時，我學會了如何種植蔬菜。(while doing)
While taking the vegetable planting course，I learnt how to grow vegetables.
3．同時，我還選修了另一門實踐課程——手工課，讓我了解了用自己的雙手制作傳統工藝品的過程。(現在分詞短語作結果狀語)
Meanwhile，I also took the other practical course—the handcraft class，enabling me to learn the process of creating traditional crafts with my own hands.
4．事實上，這兩門課程深受我們所有人的歡迎。(that引導表語從句)
The truth is that these two courses are popular with all of us.
5．毫無疑問，參加這兩門課程不僅讓我對勞動的價值有了更深的理解，也讓我體驗到了創造的樂趣。(同位語從句)
There is no doubt that not only did attending the two courses help me have a deeper understanding of the value of labor but it also allowed me to experience the joy of creativity.
組句成篇　以上句子可以加上過渡詞語和其他聯想內容組成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)
A
New discoveries and technological breakthroughs are made every year.Yet，as the information industry moves forward，many people in society are looking back to their roots in terms of the way they eat.A “locavore” movement has emerged in the United States.The movement supports eating foods grown locally and sustainably，rather than prepackaged foods shipped from other parts of the world.
Experts hold that eating locally has many merits(優點)，and is expected to become a trend featuring sustainability.Erin Barnett is the director of Local Harvest，a company that aims to help connect people to farms in their area.By eating locally，she argues，people have a better and more personal understanding of the impact their food consumption has on the rest of the world.“There is a way of connecting the point，where eating locally is an act that raises our awareness of sustainable living，” Barnett says.
The United States’ agricultural output is one of the highest in the world，says Timothy Beach，a professor of geography and geoscience at the University of Texas in Austin，Texas.“There’s just no other place on Earth where the amount of input is so productive，” Beach says of American agriculture.“Nobody can cut off the food we need.”
However，the US food system is not sustainable because of its dependency on fossil(化石) fuels，says Beach.Equipment used on “extremely productive” farms is quickly consuming Earth’s natural resources，particularly oil.Additionally，the production of agricultural supplements(補充劑)，such as fertilizer，uses large amounts of energy.
The world has used close to half of the global oil supply，Beach says，and the second half will be consumed at an even faster rate because of the growing population and economic development.Although many businesses are experimenting with wind power，solar energy，and biofuel，Beach says there’s nothing that we see on the horizon that can replace it.“There is no way on Earth we are using fossil fuels sustainably.Then we have to reconsider the impact of eating locally，” he says.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。隨著信息產業的發展，美國興起了“土食者”運動，該運動支持食用在本土以可持續方式種植的食物，從而提高人們關于可持續生活的意識。
1．What is the special focus of the “locavore” movement
A．The development of information society.
B．The emergence of new discoveries.
C．The localization and sustainability of food.
D．The globalization of eating styles.
答案　C
解析　細節理解題。根據第一段中的“The movement supports eating foods grown locally and sustainably，rather than prepackaged foods shipped from other parts of the world.”可知，這場運動的重點是食品的本土化和可持續性。故選C。
2．What is Erin Barnett’s opinion
A．Agricultural companies have the responsibility to help farmers.
B．Eating locally helps raise public awareness of sustainability.
C．Eating locally can quickly increase the growth of the local economy.
D．The diversity of things can greatly enrich the lives of local people.
答案　B
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段中的“By eating locally，she argues，people have a better and more personal understanding of the impact their food consumption has on the rest of the world.‘There is a way of connecting the point，where eating locally is an act that raises our awareness of sustainable living，’ Barnett says.”可知，她的觀點是本土化飲食有利于提高人們對可持續發展的認識。故選B。
3．What’s the main idea of paragraph 4
A．The agricultural weaknesses of the US.
B．The benefits of fossil fuels.
C．The most productive equipment on farms.
D．The consumption of local food.
答案　A
解析　段落大意題。根據第四段內容可知，第四段介紹了美國農業的缺點。故選A。
4．What is the challenge facing the world now
A．The population is growing too fast.
B．Global economy develops rapidly.
C．Eating locally can’t be accepted.
D．No suitable energy can replace oil.
答案　D
解析　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“...oil supply...Although many businesses are experimenting with wind power，solar energy，and biofuel，Beach says there’s nothing that we see on the horizon that can replace it.”可知，現在世界面臨的挑戰是沒有合適的能源可以取代石油。故選D。
B (此篇精讀)
(2025·重慶高二上期中)
For more than half a century，scientists have sought to understand X-rays from space and what they reveal about our galaxy and the universe beyond it.As it turns out，lobsters can help astronomers do just that.
Lobsters(龍蝦) have developed specialized eyes to see in their dark habitats located up to around 2,300 feet below the ocean surface.Unlike humans，whose eyes consist of rounded lenses that bend light，lobsters’ eyes depend on reflection.Each of their two eyes is packed with up to 10,000 square-shaped tubes.Each tube is lined with a flat，reflective surface that acts like a mirror to direct incoming light down to the retina(視網膜)．This setup affords lobsters a full 180-degree view，compared with humans’ 120-degree vision.
The breakthrough idea connecting lobster eyes to astronomy came in 1978 when Roger Angel，an astronomer at the University of Arizona，drew inspiration from an article on animal vision.Angel envisioned creating instruments imitating lobster eyes to enhance the capture of cosmic X-rays during missions beyond Earth’s orbit.In 1992，researchers from Columbia University ran the first successful X-ray measurements using lobster-eye instruments.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.“This is a technology that’s been around a long time in astrophysics，” says Scott Porter，an astrophysicist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
Today，Porter’s team has developed specialized instruments to better understand how solar wind interact with Earth’s magnetic(磁的) field.Researchers pack thousands of tiny glass tubes and then heat and curve them to create a ball shape that can concentrate the X-rays into a singular point.Plus，many of these tools are much lighter and smaller than traditional X-ray instruments，and therefore easier to incorporate into multi-instrument missions.
Porter says that the number of applications for lobster-based instruments have increased in recent years.As projects receive funding，lobster eye instruments may become a key tool in our quest to better understand the vast，mysterious universe.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹科學家們發現龍蝦的眼睛具有獨特的結構，這可以幫助他們觀測太空中的X射線，指導探索更遠的宇宙。近年來，模擬龍蝦眼睛的結構而制造出的儀器得到了越來越廣泛的應用。未來，它可能成為幫助科學家更好地了解神秘宇宙的關鍵工具。
5．How does the structure of lobster eyes contribute to their vision capabilities
A．The square-shaped lenses help the eyes focus better.
B．Tubes in the eyes can refract light in multiple directions.
C．The shape of the eyes can provide a clearer field of vision.
D．Reflective surfaces of tubes in the eyes direct light to the retina.
答案　D
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段中“Unlike humans...lobsters’ eyes depend on reflection...reflective surface that acts like a mirror to direct incoming light down to the retina(視網膜)．”可知，龍蝦眼睛的結構對它們的視覺能力的影響在于眼睛里的反射管將光線直射到視網膜。故選D。
6．What can we know from paragraph 3 about lobster-eye instruments
A．They were first invented by Roger Angel.
B．They are developed for deep-sea exploration.
C．They were first introduced in space missions in 2007.
D．They helped researchers capture cosmic X-rays in 1992.
答案　C
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段中“In 1992，researchers from Columbia University ran the first successful X-ray measurements using lobster-eye instruments.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.”可知，1992年研究人員使用龍蝦眼儀器進行了第一次成功的X射線測量，15年后即2017年，這項技術才被應用于航天任務。故選C。
7．What is Porter’s attitude towards lobster-based instruments
A．Skeptical. B．Positive.
C．Indifferent. D．Confused.
答案　B
解析　觀點態度題。根據倒數第三段中“‘This is a technology that’s been around a long time in astrophysics，’ says Scott Porter...”以及最后一段內容可知，波特認為這項技術在天體物理學領域已經存在很長時間了，并且在近年來基于龍蝦的儀器的應用數量有所增加，而且在未來這種儀器可能成為我們了解和探索宇宙的關鍵，因此波特對龍蝦眼儀器的態度是積極的。故選B。
8．What is the passage mainly about
A．The application of lobster-eye instruments in various fields.
B．The unique setup of lobster eyes adapted for deep-sea vision.
C．The development of lobster-eye instruments for space X-rays.
D．The difference between lobster-eye instruments and traditional ones.
答案　C
解析　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹的是科學家們發現龍蝦的眼睛具有獨特的結構，這可以幫助他們觀測太空中的X射線，指導探索更遠的宇宙。近年來，模擬龍蝦眼睛的結構而制造出的儀器得到了越來越廣泛的應用。未來，它可能成為幫助科學家更好地了解神秘宇宙的關鍵工具。C選項“用于探究太空X射線的龍蝦眼儀器的發展過程”符合文章主旨。故選C。
[詞匯積累] 1．reveal v．揭示；展示 2．consist of由……組成/構成 3．reflection n．反射；映像，倒影；反映，顯示；深思；描述；感想→reflect v．照出(影像)；反映，顯示；反射；沉思；表達(意見)→reflective adj.反射的，反光的；代表性的；深思的 4．be packed with裝滿，充滿 5．direct熟義：adj.筆直的，徑直的；直接的　生義(文義)：v.指引，引導 6．breakthrough n．重大進展；突破 7．heat(轉)n.→v.加熱 [句式分析] 1．Plus，many of these tools are much lighter and smaller than traditional X-ray instruments，and therefore easier to incorporate into multi-instrument missions. 分析：此句為簡單句，其中包含“be＋adj.＋to do”結構。 翻譯：此外，這些工具中的許多都比傳統的X射線儀器更輕、更小，因此更容易合并到多儀器任務中。 2．It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions. 分析：此句為復合句。before引導時間狀語從句，意為“……之后才……” 翻譯：又過了15年，這項技術才被用于航天器任務。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
(2025·山東菏澤高二上期中)
Sometimes there is nothing more satisfying than picking up your things and heading to the beach.You can lie on the sand，walk along the shore，or best of all，jump into the water. 1 So how can you stay out of harm’s way on your day in the sun
The best way is to learn how to swim.However，even the most experienced swimmer can still get pulled into the water. 2 They know when and where there are dangerous currents(潮流)，and they will notice if the weather is taking a turn for the worse.
3 The chances are if anything happens，you won’t be able to call out for help.A friend will help reduce the amount of time it takes to get aid in an emergency，and you will be doing the same for your friends，too.
Even if you are a strong swimmer，you may fail to recognise when someone else is having trouble in the water.Therefore，it’s important to know the signs of drowning(溺水)．Many people think that，when drowning，a person waves his or her arms and shouts for help. 4 Instead，he or she will be quiet and still，with his or her head facing the shore，body upright，and mouth at the level of the water.You could be right next to a drowning person and not even know it.
If you see a person who is drowning，don’t jump in to save him or her if you can’t swim well.Call for help and try to throw the person a lifesaving thing. 5
A．Also，never go into the water alone.
B．Different beaches might have different rules.
C．But a person in serious trouble won’t do those things.
D．That’s why you should make sure there are lifeguards on duty.
E．If you can put them into practice，you’ll be ready to have some real seaside fun.
F．Once the person is on land，he or she can get further medical attention he or she needs.
G．It all sounds like fun，but you won’t have a good time if you pay no attention to safety.
1．答案　G
解析　根據上文“You can lie on the sand，walk along the shore，or best of all，jump into the water.”和下文“So how can you stay out of harm’s way on your day in the sun？”可知，設空處承上啟下，說明活動雖有趣，但需要注意安全。G選項“這聽起來很有趣，但如果你不注意安全，你就不會玩得很開心”切題。故選G。
2．答案　D
解析　根據上文“However，even the most experienced swimmer can still get pulled into the water.”和下文“They know...for the worse.”可知，設空處應承上啟下。D選項“這就是你應該確保有救生員在值班的原因”切題，選項中的lifeguards是下文中的They的指代對象。故選D。
3．答案　A
解析　根據本段內容可知，本段主要講述不要獨自一人游泳。A選項“另外，千萬不要單獨下水”切題，為本段的主題句。故選A。
4．答案　C
解析　根據上文“Many people think that，when drowning，a person waves his or her arms and shouts for help.”和下文“Instead，he or she will...of the water.”可知，設空處與上文為轉折關系，說明游泳者不會像人們認為的那樣去呼救，且此處應呼應下文。C選項“但一個處于溺水的人是不會做這些事的”切題。故選C。
5．答案　F
解析　根據上文“Call for help and try to throw the person a lifesaving thing.”可知，設空處承接上文，說明事情的進一步發展。F選項“一旦這個人上岸，他或她可以得到他或她需要的進一步醫療救助”切題。故選F。
Ⅴ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
Mangzhong，one of China’s traditional solar terms，whose 1. (arrive) signifies the ripening of crops，began on June 5,2024.During this period，much of China experienced the hot weather，while the areas around the Yangtze River typically saw 2. increase in rainfall.
The term Mangzhong combines “mang”，referring to the awn(芒) on grain seeds，and “zhong”，meaning planting.It marks a busy time when grains are ready 3. (harvest)，and new crops are sown.4. (interest)，“mang” also means “busy” in Chinese，further emphasizing the intense agricultural activity associated 5. this period.
Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi captures the northern 6. (farmer) rush during Mangzhong in his poem Watching the Wheat Harvest(Guan Yimai)，reflecting the lives of people in northern China,7. race against time to gather the ripe wheat.In the south，however，Mangzhong is a time for planting rice.Song Dynasty poet Lu You illustrates this in his poem Timely Rain(Shi Yu)，8. (describe) how the season’s heavy rains benefit the region.The rain，coinciding with the ripening of plums and 9. (refer) to as “plum rain”，is vital for the growth of rice and other crops.
In recent years，Mangzhong 10. (stress) the differences in agricultural practices across China：while northern farmers focus on harvesting wheat，southern farmers rely on the seasonal rains to plant rice and nurture their crops.
1．答案　arrival
解析　考查名詞。空處作從句主語，應用名詞arrival“到來”。故填arrival。
2．答案　an
解析　考查冠詞。空后的increase為名詞，這里泛指降雨量增加，應用不定冠詞，且increase的發音以元音音素開頭。故填an。
3．答案　to be harvested
解析　考查非謂語動詞。固定搭配be ready to do sth意為“準備好做某事”，且harvest和grains之間是邏輯上的被動關系，應用不定式的被動語態。故填to be harvested。
4．答案　Interestingly
解析　考查副詞。設空處修飾整個句子，應用副詞作狀語，句首單詞的首字母大寫。故填Interestingly。
5．答案　with
解析　考查介詞。固定搭配be associated with...意為“有……有關”，此處是形容詞短語作后置定語。故填with。
6．答案　farmers’
解析　考查名詞復數和名詞所有格。此處指北方農民，表示復數，且設空處修飾rush，應用farmers的所有格形式。故填farmers’。
7．答案　who
解析　考查定語從句。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，關系詞指代先行詞people in northern China，且在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞who引導。故填who。
8．答案　describing
解析　考查非謂語動詞。本句的謂語是illustrates，所以設空處用非謂語動詞，邏輯主語Timely Rain (Shi Yu)和describe之間是主動關系，應用現在分詞。故填describing。
9．答案　referred
解析　考查非謂語動詞。本句的謂語是is，所以設空處應用非謂語動詞。邏輯主語The rain和refer to之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞。固定搭配refer to...as...意為“將……稱為……”。故填referred。
10．答案　has stressed
解析　考查動詞時態和主謂一致。根據“In recent years”可知，此處應用現在完成時。主語為Mangzhong，所以助動詞用has。故填has stressed。(共102張PPT)
Period 4
Using Language
Working the land
Unit 5
內容索引
Step 1　課文深度理解
Step 2　語言知識梳理
Step 3　基礎達標檢測
作業4
課文深度理解
Chemicals in the food can 2.______________ and other diseases
harm 1.__________________________
Task 1：Fast reading for the structure of the text.
Ⅰ.Skim the passage to find out the general idea of the text by filling in the chart below.
Problems caused by chemical fertilisers
the land and people’s health
farm without using 4._____________
prefer using 5._____________ from animals as fertiliser
Organic farming
cause cancer
essential
minerals
any chemicals
Chemical
Versus
Organic
Farming
Food may contain more water than 3.________
_________
natural waste
6._______ the kind of crop grown in each field every year
Other organic farming methods
change
Chemical Versus Organic Farming
plant 7.________ crops to use different depths of soil
different
Ⅱ.Skim the text to find out the main idea of the text.
The text mainly tells us __________________________________________
____________________________________.
the advantages and disadvantages/the strengths and weaknesses of two farming methods
Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text.
1.Why did farmers welcome artificial fertilisers at first
A.They were in widespread use.
B.They couldn’t harm the field.
C.They benefited people’s health.
D.They could increase production.
√
2.What does the word “them” in “who digest them” refer to in paragraph 2
A.Insects. B.Bacteria.
C.Crops. D.Chemicals.
√
3.What kind of people are organic farmers
A.Those who care for the environment.
B.Those who produce organic fertilisers.
C.Those who grow crops with chemical fertilisers.
D.Those who grow crops with natural fertilisers.
√
4.How do farmers make the soil not get exhausted
A.By using chemical fertilisers.
B.By using natural fertilisers.
C.By changing crops every year.
D.By growing the same crops year after year.
√
5.What’s the author’s attitude to organic farming
A.Unconcerned. B.Neutral(中立的).
C.Supportive. D.Negative.
√
6.How is the text developed
A.By listing specific data.
B.By quoting experts’ words.
C.By presenting the results of some researchers.
D.By means of examples，pictures and comparison.
√
Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English.
1.廣泛使用中
2.隨著時間的流逝
3.另外
4.地下水源
5.相應地；轉而；依次；輪流
6.事實上
7.因為；由于
________________
_________
__________
_________________________
_______
______
__________
in widespread use
over time
in addition
underground water sources
in turn
in fact
because of
8.對……造成損害
9.至于
10.富含
11.必需礦物質
12.關注；集中于……
13.沒有……的，不受……影響的
14.例如；比如
15.更喜歡做某事
_______________
______
_________
________________
________
______
___________
______________
cause damage to
as for
be rich in
essential minerals
focus on
free of
for instance
prefer to do sth
16.阻止……做某事
17.滿足那種需求
18.找到合適的解決方案
___________________
_____________
____________________
keep...from doing sth
meet that need
find a suitable solution
Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences.
1.When they were first introduced，many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production.(P55 Para.1)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，When引導的是_________從句，動詞不定式to fight...作_________，修飾a great way。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復合
時間狀語
后置定語
引入之初，二者被許多農民視為抵御作物病害、增加產量的好方法，因而頗受歡迎。
2.Over time，however，what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.(P55 Para.1)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，what引導的是_____從句，that引導的是_____從句。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復合
主語
表語
然而，隨著時間的推移，一些科學家發現，長期使用它們有時會危害土地和人類健康。
3.For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones.(P55 Para.2)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，killing not only...是動詞-ing形式短語作介詞by的_____。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
簡單
賓語
例如，農藥在殺死有害細菌和昆蟲的同時，也會殺死有益的細菌和昆蟲，從而破壞土地。
4.This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them.(P55 Para.2)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，grown on the land是過去分詞短語作______
_____，who digest them是_____從句。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
復合
后置
這會影響土里種植的作物，繼而影響消化這些作物的人畜。
定語
定語
5.In fact，some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.(P55 Para.2)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，they cause to people and the environment是省略了關系代詞that/which的_____從句，修飾先行詞___________。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復合
定語
the damage
事實上，由于對人類和環境有害，“滴滴涕”等農藥在大多數國家已被禁用。
6.They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well.(P55 Para.2)
[結構分析] 此句是由并列連詞but和and連接的_____句。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
并列
此類作物外表靚麗，而內里卻經常是水分多于必需礦物質，并且往往口感較差。
7.As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.(P55 Para.3)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，and連接兩個并列分句；when they shop at the local grocery是when引導的_________從句。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復合
時間狀語
作為一種替代方法，有些農民已經轉向有機耕作，而且許多消費者在當地食雜店購物時，也轉而選擇有機食品。
8.Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.(P56 Para.4)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，that use different depths of soil是_____從句，修飾先行詞____________，to help keep it rich是不定式短語作_____狀語。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復合
定語
有機耕作的農民也種植土壤深度要求不同的多樣化作物，以保持土壤肥沃。
diverse crops
目的
9.The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.(P56 Para.4)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，to grow good food是不定式短語作_____，while avoiding...是_____從句的省略。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復合
表語
采用不同的有機耕作方法，目的在于生產優質食物，同時避免損害環境和人類健康。
狀語
10.Therefore，there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.(P56 Para.5)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，that puts sufficient food on the dinner table...是_____從句，修飾先行詞_________________，while keeping...是_____從句的省略。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復合
定語
因此，要想找到一個合適的解決方案，使人類和環境盡可能保持健康，又讓人們有足夠的食物可吃，這還有很長的路要走。
a suitable solution
狀語
返 回
語言知識梳理
相應地；轉而；依次；輪流
[教材原句P55] This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them.這會影響土里種植的作物，繼而影響消化這些作物的人畜。
[譯林版必修第三冊Unit 1] These frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.相應地，這些青蛙以昆蟲為食，而昆蟲則吃樹葉和水果。
1
in turn
by turns輪流
take turns to do sth輪流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事。
It turns/turned out that...結果是……，原來是……
(1)Bernard and John took turns _______(sell) popcorn with a unique flavour in the market.
(2)The audience reacted warmly and excitedly as each of the women spoke ____ turn.
to sell
in
(3)(讀后續寫之激動情緒描寫)輪到我做演講了。結果我鼓舞人心的演講吸引了所有的師生，這使我欣喜若狂。
_________________ deliver a speech.__________________ my inspiring speech appealed to all the students and teachers，which made me wild with joy.
寫作佳句
It was my turn to
It turned out that
adj.完全必要的；極其重要的
2
essential
[教材原句P55] They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well.此類作物外表靚麗，而內里卻經常是水分多于必需礦物質，并且往往口感較差。
[北師大版選擇性必修第三冊Unit 7] In short，if you want to succeed in a 21st century career，you will have to develop new essential skills.簡言之，如果你想在21世紀的職業生涯中取得成功，就必須培養新的必備技能。
be essential to/for...對……很重要
It is essential that...(should)do... 做……是完全必要的。
It is essential for sb to do...對某人來說做……是完全必要的。
(1)In reality，learning about the history of the Tang Dynasty is essential ______ you before learning Tang poems.
to/for
(2)(2023·北京，書面表達)公眾應該相互合作，共同制定建設綠色北京的切實可行的計劃，這是很必要的。
It is essential ____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ to work out practical plans regarding building a Green Beijing.
寫作佳句
that the public (should) team up with one another/for the public to team up with one another
n.可供選擇的事物 adj.可供替代的；非傳統的(alternatively adv.要不，或者)
alternative
3
[教材原句P55] As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.作為一種替代方法，有些農民已經轉向有機耕作，而且許多消費者在當地食雜店購物時，也轉而選擇有機食品。
[外研版選擇性必修第四冊Unit 1] Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis.生活每天都會向我們拋出許多選擇。
have no alternative but to do sth別無選擇只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth有做某事的選擇
an alternative to... ……的替代品
(1)When you visit your Chinese friends for the first time，it is appropriate for you to bring beautiful fresh flowers，_____________ (alternative)，buy a box of milk.
(2)To protect the environment，public transportation and walking can be ____ alternative to private cars.
(3)What Youth appeals to me is that I have the alternative of ___________
(read) inspiring stories or attaining much pleasure from the latest news.
alternatively
an
reading
(4)(2024·新課標Ⅰ，讀后續寫)非常無助，我別無選擇只好向出租車司機求助，司機欣然答應幫我擺脫困境。
Overcome with helplessness，I ____________________________
_______________________ and the driver readily promised to help me out of difficulty.
寫作佳句
had no alternative but to turn to the taxi driver for help
[教材原句P55] As for chemical fertilisers，crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.
至于化肥，用其施肥的農作物通常生長得過快而營養不足。
[結構分析] 此句是簡單句，grown with them是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞crops，句中的too fast to be rich in nutrition為too...to...結構，too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth意為“太……而不能……”，表示否定含義。
4
too...to...結構
此結構在以下情況中也可表示肯定意義：
·too后跟anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等表
示心情、心理活動狀態或心理傾向的形容詞時；
·too前有but，only，all等詞對其進行修飾時；
·否定詞not，never等用在too前時。
(1)看到舞臺下有那么多的觀眾，他緊張得不知道說什么。
Seeing such a crowd of audience below the stage，____________________
________________.
he was too nervous to
know what to say
(2)我能找到人聊聊天，太高興了。因此，我怎么感謝你也不為過。
I am only ____________________________________.Therefore，I can’t thank you too much.
(3)(2023·新課標 Ⅰ，讀后續寫)當我聽到我在寫作比賽中獲得第一名的消息時，我激動得幾乎要哭出來了。
I _______________________________ when I heard the news that I won first prize in the writing competition.
too happy to have someone to speak to
was too excited to be close to tears
[教材原句P56] Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.
種植不同的作物是因為它們把重要的礦物質帶回土壤之中，從而使土壤為種植下一批農作物做好準備。
[結構分析] 此句是一個復合句，句子的主語是Why引導的主語從句，that they put important minerals back into the ground是that引導的表語從句，making it ready for the next batch of crops是現在分詞短語作結果狀語。
5
現在分詞短語作結果狀語
·現在分詞短語作結果狀語，表示一種自然而然的結果；
·不定式作結果狀語，則表示一種出乎意料的結果，往往用only/never
to do結構。
(1)(讀后續寫之絕望心理描寫)馬克差點被惡狼抓住，這把他扔進黑暗和絕望的世界。
Mac was nearly caught by the fierce wolf，__________________________
_______________________.
throwing him into a world of darkness and hopelessness
(2)(讀后續寫之心理描寫)簡非常憤怒地獨自離開，結果發現她在陌生的樹林中迷路了。
Jane left alone with extreme anger，_______________________________
_______________.
only to find that she was lost in the
unfamiliar forest
[教材原句P56] What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.
他們不能這樣做的原因是化學農業滿足了全世界對糧食的巨大需求。
[結構分析] 此句是一個復合句，What keeps them from doing so是what引導的主語從句，that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是that引導的同位語從句，對the fact進行解釋說明。
6
同位語從句
·可以跟同位語從句的名詞有news，idea，fact，promise，question，
doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息；諾言)，
possibility等。
·引導同位語從句的連接詞有：從屬連詞that，whether，連接代詞
what，who，which，連接副詞 how，when，where等。(注意：if不能
引導同位語從句)
(1)(讀后續寫之悲傷心理描寫)當我們聽說老爺爺去世的消息時，我們極度悲傷，淚水濕潤了眼眶。
When we heard the news ___________________________________，we were overcome with extreme sadness，tears welling up in our eyes.
(2)(讀后續寫之興奮心理描寫)媽媽建議我們在下一個村莊露營，她的眼中閃爍著興奮的光芒。
My mother made a suggestion ___________________________________，her eyes glittering with excitement.
that the old grandfather passed away
that we (should) camp in the next village
(3)他是否能夠勝任這項工作還是個問題。
There is still a question _______________________________.
(4)(2023·天津6月，書面表達)毫無疑問，即將舉辦的漢語工作坊旨在促進中英文化交流。
_______________________________________________________________ promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK.
whether he can be equal to the job
There is no doubt that the upcoming Chinese workshop is aimed at
返 回
基礎達標檢測
1.It often takes a long time to digest① such a difficult digest② of this science and technology article. ①_____________ 　②_______
2.After tireless efforts，we finally got to the root of the problem and we sighed in relief. 　 ________
vt.領會，領悟
Ⅰ.品句猜詞
n.摘要
n.根源
1.He strongly suggests that we should take part in outdoor activities with the objective of __________ our inner anxiety.
2.I remind you not to judge anything about the idea until you have _________(領悟) it entirely.
3.What made him embarrassed was that his son copied others’ work in many _______(方面).
4.We must study the incident in ______ to figure out its root.
alleviating
Ⅱ.單詞拼寫
digested
aspects
depth
1.Ultimately，I had no alternative but ________(quit) the job and I wept uncontrollably.
2.These celebrities took turns __________(deliver) a speech on how to help homeless people out of difficulty.
3.To study efficiently，it is essential for us ________(relax) ourselves in our leisure time.
4.It convinced me of the fact _____ there were still many kind and generous people around us.
to quit
Ⅲ.單句語法填空
to deliver
to relax
that
5.The news entirely shocked the public，_______(lead) to a great concern about students’ safety at school.
6.I always focus ____ creating a novel in my leisure time.
leading
on
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century,1.________ scientists found that their long-term use can sometimes be 2.________(harm) to both the land and people’s health.In most countries some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited because of the damage 3._______(cause) to people and the environment.Thus，some farmers have switched 4.____ organic farming,5.______ can help tackle the problem.They use natural waste from animals as fertiliser instead of artificial fertilisers.By doing so，
Ⅳ.課文語法填空
but/yet
harmful
caused
to
which
they make the soil in their fields richer in minerals than before.In addition，many other methods 6.__________(use) to produce rich soil.Farmers often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.In this way，some important 7.________(mineral) are put back into the ground.Some people would prefer 8._______________(stop) the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture 9.___________(complete)，but organic farming can’t serve the high demand for food around the world.So scientists have to find a suitable 10.________(solve) to the problem.
are used
minerals
返 回
stopping/to stop
completely
solution
作業4
1.I strongly recommend that you should consume these few kinds of foods which ___________(富含) essential minerals.
2.These experts in agriculture _______________(集中于) studying organic farming in the past few years.
3.There is no doubt that the chemical fertiliser ________________(對……造成損害) the soil and the surrounding environment.
4.I ____________________(更喜歡買) this kind of domestic smartphone this company produces.
are rich in
have focused on
Ⅰ.短語填空
causes damage to
prefer buying/to buy
5.No matter what happens，nothing will _______________(阻止他) attaining his goal.
6.It was ___________(因為) his determination and bravery that made him overcome the problems.
7.Have you _______________________(找到合適的解決方案) to tackling the challenging issue
keep him from
because of
found a suitable solution
1.我很愿意告訴你一些關于我們學校今年開設的兩門實踐課程。(too...to...)
I _____________________________________ the two practical courses opened by our school this year.
2.在參加蔬菜種植課程時，我學會了如何種植蔬菜。(while doing)
_______________________________________，I learnt how to grow vegetables.
am too willing to tell you something about
Ⅱ.主題微寫作——蔬菜栽培傳統工藝實踐課程
While taking the vegetable planting course
3.同時，我還選修了另一門實踐課程——手工課，讓我了解了用自己的雙手制作傳統工藝品的過程。(現在分詞短語作結果狀語)
Meanwhile，I also took the other practical course—the handcraft class，_________________________________________________________________________.
4.事實上，這兩門課程深受我們所有人的歡迎。(that引導表語從句)
The truth is __________________________________________.
that these two courses are popular with all of us
enabling me to learn the process of creating traditional crafts with my own hands
5.毫無疑問，參加這兩門課程不僅讓我對勞動的價值有了更深的理解，也讓我體驗到了創造的樂趣。(同位語從句)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ but it also allowed me to experience the joy of creativity.
組句成篇　以上句子可以加上過渡詞語和其他聯想內容組成一篇小短文。
There is no doubt that not only did attending the two courses help me have a deeper understanding of the value of labor
A
New discoveries and technological breakthroughs are made every year.Yet，as the information industry moves forward，many people in society are looking back to their roots in terms of the way they eat.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。隨著信息產業的發展，美國興起了“土食者”運動，該運動支持食用在本土以可持續方式種植的食物，從而提高人們關于可持續生活的意識。
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀
A “locavore” movement has emerged in the United States.The movement supports eating foods grown locally and sustainably，rather than prepackaged foods shipped from other parts of the world.
Experts hold that eating locally has many merits(優點)，and is expected to become a trend featuring sustainability.Erin Barnett is the director of Local Harvest，a company that aims to help connect people to farms in their area.By eating locally，she argues，people have a better and more personal understanding of the impact their food consumption has on the rest of the world.“There is a way of connecting the point，where eating locally is an act that raises our awareness of sustainable living，” Barnett says.
The United States’ agricultural output is one of the highest in the world，says Timothy Beach，a professor of geography and geoscience at the University of Texas in Austin，Texas.“There’s just no other place on Earth where the amount of input is so productive，” Beach says of American agriculture.“Nobody can cut off the food we need.”
However，the US food system is not sustainable because of its dependency on fossil(化石) fuels，says Beach.Equipment used on “extremely productive” farms is quickly consuming Earth’s natural resources，particularly oil.Additionally，the production of agricultural supplements(補充劑)，such as fertilizer，uses large amounts of energy.
The world has used close to half of the global oil supply，Beach says，and the second half will be consumed at an even faster rate because of the growing population and economic development.Although many businesses are experimenting with wind power，solar energy，and biofuel，Beach says there’s nothing that we see on the horizon that can replace it.“There is no way on Earth we are using fossil fuels sustainably.Then we have to reconsider the impact of eating locally，” he says.
1.What is the special focus of the “locavore” movement
A.The development of information society.
B.The emergence of new discoveries.
C.The localization and sustainability of food.
D.The globalization of eating styles.
細節理解題。根據第一段中的“The movement supports eating foods grown locally and sustainably，rather than prepackaged foods shipped from other parts of the world.”可知，這場運動的重點是食品的本土化和可持續性。故選C。
解析
√
2.What is Erin Barnett’s opinion
A.Agricultural companies have the responsibility to help farmers.
B.Eating locally helps raise public awareness of sustainability.
C.Eating locally can quickly increase the growth of the local economy.
D.The diversity of things can greatly enrich the lives of local people.
√
細節理解題。根據第二段中的“By eating locally，she argues，people have a better and more personal understanding of the impact their food consumption has on the rest of the world.‘There is a way of connecting the point，where eating locally is an act that raises our awareness of sustainable living，’ Barnett says.”可知，她的觀點是本土化飲食有利于提高人們對可持續發展的認識。故選B。
解析
3.What’s the main idea of paragraph 4
A.The agricultural weaknesses of the US.
B.The benefits of fossil fuels.
C.The most productive equipment on farms.
D.The consumption of local food.
段落大意題。根據第四段內容可知，第四段介紹了美國農業的缺點。故選A。
解析
√
4.What is the challenge facing the world now
A.The population is growing too fast.
B.Global economy develops rapidly.
C.Eating locally can’t be accepted.
D.No suitable energy can replace oil.
推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“...oil supply...Although many businesses are experimenting with wind power，solar energy，and biofuel，Beach says there’s nothing that we see on the horizon that can replace it.”可知，現在世界面臨的挑戰是沒有合適的能源可以取代石油。故選D。
解析
√
B(此篇精讀)
(2025·重慶高二上期中)
For more than half a century，scientists have sought to understand X-rays from space and what they reveal about our galaxy and the universe beyond it.As it turns out，lobsters can help astronomers do just that.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹科學家們發現龍蝦的眼睛具有獨特的結構，這可以幫助他們觀測太空中的X射線，指導探索更遠的宇宙。近年來，模擬龍蝦眼睛的結構而制造出的儀器得到了越來越廣泛的應用。未來，它可能成為幫助科學家更好地了解神秘宇宙的關鍵工具。
Lobsters(龍蝦) have developed specialized eyes to see in their dark habitats located up to around 2,300 feet below the ocean surface.Unlike humans，whose eyes consist of rounded lenses that bend light，lobsters’ eyes depend on reflection.Each of their two eyes is packed with up to 10,000 square-shaped tubes.Each tube is lined with a flat，reflective surface that acts like a mirror to direct incoming light down to the retina(視網膜).This setup affords lobsters a full 180-degree view，compared with humans’ 120-degree vision.
The breakthrough idea connecting lobster eyes to astronomy came in 1978 when Roger Angel，an astronomer at the University of Arizona，drew inspiration from an article on animal vision.Angel envisioned creating instruments imitating lobster eyes to enhance the capture of cosmic X-rays during missions beyond Earth’s orbit.In 1992，researchers from Columbia University ran the first successful X-ray measurements using lobster-eye instruments.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.“This is a technology that’s been around a long time in astrophysics，” says Scott Porter，an astrophysicist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
Today，Porter’s team has developed specialized instruments to better understand how solar wind interact with Earth’s magnetic(磁的) field.Researchers pack thousands of tiny glass tubes and then heat and curve them to create a ball shape that can concentrate the X-rays into a singular point.Plus，many of these tools are much lighter and smaller than traditional X-ray instruments，and therefore easier to incorporate into multi-instrument missions.
Porter says that the number of applications for lobster-based instruments have increased in recent years.As projects receive funding，lobster eye instruments may become a key tool in our quest to better understand the vast，mysterious universe.
5.How does the structure of lobster eyes contribute to their vision capabilities
A.The square-shaped lenses help the eyes focus better.
B.Tubes in the eyes can refract light in multiple directions.
C.The shape of the eyes can provide a clearer field of vision.
D.Reflective surfaces of tubes in the eyes direct light to the retina.
細節理解題。根據第二段中“Unlike humans...lobsters’ eyes depend on reflection...reflective surface that acts like a mirror to direct incoming light down to the retina(視網膜).”可知，龍蝦眼睛的結構對它們的視覺能力的影響在于眼睛里的反射管將光線直射到視網膜。故選D。
解析
√
6.What can we know from paragraph 3 about lobster-eye instruments
A.They were first invented by Roger Angel.
B.They are developed for deep-sea exploration.
C.They were first introduced in space missions in 2007.
D.They helped researchers capture cosmic X-rays in 1992.
√
細節理解題。根據第三段中“In 1992，researchers from Columbia University ran the first successful X-ray measurements using lobster-eye instruments.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.”可知，1992年研究人員使用龍蝦眼儀器進行了第一次成功的X射線測量，15年后即2017年，這項技術才被應用于航天任務。故選C。
解析
7.What is Porter’s attitude towards lobster-based instruments
A.Skeptical. B.Positive.
C.Indifferent. D.Confused.
觀點態度題。根據倒數第三段中“‘This is a technology that’s been around a long time in astrophysics，’ says Scott Porter...”以及最后一段內容可知，波特認為這項技術在天體物理學領域已經存在很長時間了，并且在近年來基于龍蝦的儀器的應用數量有所增加，而且在未來這種儀器可能成為我們了解和探索宇宙的關鍵，因此波特對龍蝦眼儀器的態度是積極的。故選B。
解析
√
8.What is the passage mainly about
A.The application of lobster-eye instruments in various fields.
B.The unique setup of lobster eyes adapted for deep-sea vision.
C.The development of lobster-eye instruments for space X-rays.
D.The difference between lobster-eye instruments and traditional ones.
√
主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹的是科學家們發現龍蝦的眼睛具有獨特的結構，這可以幫助他們觀測太空中的X射線，指導探索更遠的宇宙。近年來，模擬龍蝦眼睛的結構而制造出的儀器得到了越來越廣泛的應用。未來，它可能成為幫助科學家更好地了解神秘宇宙的關鍵工具。C選項“用于探究太空X射線的龍蝦眼儀器的發展過程”符合文章主旨。故選C。
解析
1.reveal v.揭示；展示
2.consist of由……組成/構成
3.reflection n.反射；映像，倒影；反映，顯示；深思；描述；感想→reflect v.照出(影像)；反映，顯示；反射；沉思；表達(意見)→reflective adj.反射的，反光的；代表性的；深思的
4.be packed with裝滿，充滿
5.direct熟義：adj.筆直的，徑直的；直接的　生義(文義)：v.指引，引導
6.breakthrough n.重大進展；突破
7.heat(轉)n.→v.加熱
詞匯積累
1.Plus，many of these tools are much lighter and smaller than traditional X-ray instruments，and therefore easier to incorporate into multi-instrument missions.
分析：此句為簡單句，其中包含“be＋adj.＋to do”結構。
翻譯：此外，這些工具中的許多都比傳統的X射線儀器更輕、更小，因此更容易合并到多儀器任務中。
句式分析
2.It took another 15 years before the tech was adapted for spacecraft missions.
分析：此句為復合句。before引導時間狀語從句，意為“……之后才……”
翻譯：又過了15年，這項技術才被用于航天器任務。
(2025·山東菏澤高二上期中)
Sometimes there is nothing more satisfying than picking up your things and heading to the beach.You can lie on the sand，walk along the shore，
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了在海邊玩耍時的注意事項。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀
A.Also，never go into the water alone.
B.Different beaches might have different rules.
C.But a person in serious trouble won’t do those things.
D.That’s why you should make sure there are lifeguards on duty.
E.If you can put them into practice，you’ll be ready to have some real seaside fun.
F.Once the person is on land，he or she can get further medical attention he or
she needs.
G.It all sounds like fun，but you won’t have a good time if you pay no attention
to safety.
or best of all，jump into the water. 1 So how can you stay out of harm’s way on your day in the sun
√
根據上文“You can lie on the sand，walk along the shore，or best of all，jump into the water.”和下文“So how can you stay out of harm’s way on your day in the sun？”可知，設空處承上啟下，說明活動雖有趣，但需要注意安全。G選項“這聽起來很有趣，但如果你不注意安全，你就不會玩得很開心”切題。故選G。
解析
The best way is to learn how to swim.However，even the most experienced swimmer can still get pulled into the water. 2 They know when and where there are dangerous currents(潮流)，and they will notice if the weather is taking a turn for the worse.
A.Also，never go into the water alone.
B.Different beaches might have different rules.
C.But a person in serious trouble won’t do those things.
D.That’s why you should make sure there are lifeguards on duty.
E.If you can put them into practice，you’ll be ready to have some real seaside fun.
F.Once the person is on land，he or she can get further medical attention he or she needs.
G.It all sounds like fun，but you won’t have a good time if you pay no attention to safety.
√
根據上文“However，even the most experienced swimmer can still get pulled into the water.”和下文“They know...for the worse.”可知，設空處應承上啟下。D選項“這就是你應該確保有救生員在值班的原因”切題，選項中的lifeguards是下文中的They的指代對象。故選D。
解析
3 The chances are if anything happens，you won’t be able to call out for help.A friend will help reduce the amount of time it takes to get aid in an emergency，and you will be doing the same for your friends，too.
A.Also，never go into the water alone.
B.Different beaches might have different rules.
C.But a person in serious trouble won’t do those things.
D.That’s why you should make sure there are lifeguards on duty.
E.If you can put them into practice，you’ll be ready to have some real seaside fun.
F.Once the person is on land，he or she can get further medical attention he or she needs.
G.It all sounds like fun，but you won’t have a good time if you pay no attention to safety.
√
根據本段內容可知，本段主要講述不要獨自一人游泳。A選項“另外，千萬不要單獨下水”切題，為本段的主題句。故選A。
解析
Even if you are a strong swimmer，you may fail to recognise when someone else is having trouble in the water.Therefore，it’s important to know the signs of drowning(溺水).Many people think that，when drowning，a person waves his or her arms and shouts for help. 4 Instead，he or she will be quiet and still，with his or her head facing the shore，body upright，and mouth at the level of the water.You could be right next to a drowning person and not even know it.
A.Also，never go into the water alone.
B.Different beaches might have different rules.
C.But a person in serious trouble won’t do those things.
D.That’s why you should make sure there are lifeguards on duty.
E.If you can put them into practice，you’ll be ready to have some real seaside fun.
F.Once the person is on land，he or she can get further medical attention he or she needs.
G.It all sounds like fun，but you won’t have a good time if you pay no attention to safety.
√
根據上文“Many people think that，when drowning，a person waves his or her arms and shouts for help.”和下文“Instead，he or she will...of the water.”可知，設空處與上文為轉折關系，說明游泳者不會像人們認為的那樣去呼救，且此處應呼應下文。C選項“但一個處于溺水的人是不會做這些事的”切題。故選C。
解析
If you see a person who is drowning，don’t jump in to save him or her if you can’t swim well.Call for help and try to throw the person a lifesaving thing. 5
A.Also，never go into the water alone.
B.Different beaches might have different rules.
C.But a person in serious trouble won’t do those things.
D.That’s why you should make sure there are lifeguards on duty.
E.If you can put them into practice，you’ll be ready to have some real seaside fun.
F.Once the person is on land，he or she can get further medical attention he or she needs.
G.It all sounds like fun，but you won’t have a good time if you pay no attention to safety.
√
根據上文“Call for help and try to throw the person a lifesaving thing.”可知，設空處承接上文，說明事情的進一步發展。F選項“一旦這個人上岸，他或她可以得到他或她需要的進一步醫療救助”切題。故選F。
解析
Mangzhong，one of China’s traditional solar terms，whose 1.________(arrive) signifies the ripening of crops，began on June 5,2024.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了二十四節氣之一“芒種”的相關信息。
Ⅴ.語法填空
arrival
考查名詞。空處作從句主語，應用名詞arrival“到來”。故填arrival。
解析
During this period，much of China experienced the hot weather，while the areas around the Yangtze River typically saw 2. increase in rainfall.
an
考查冠詞。空后的increase為名詞，這里泛指降雨量增加，應用不定冠詞，且increase的發音以元音音素開頭。故填an。
解析
The term Mangzhong combines “mang”，referring to the awn(芒) on grain seeds，and “zhong”，meaning planting.It marks a busy time when grains are ready 3.______________(harvest)，and new crops are sown.4._____________(interest)，“mang” also means “busy” in Chinese，
to be harvested
Interestingly
3.考查非謂語動詞。固定搭配be ready to do sth意為“準備好做某事”，且harvest和grains之間是邏輯上的被動關系，應用不定式的被動語態。故填to be harvested。
4.考查副詞。設空處修飾整個句子，應用副詞作狀語，句首單詞的首字母大寫。故填Interestingly。
解析
further emphasizing the intense agricultural activity associated 5._____ this period.
with
考查介詞。固定搭配be associated with...意為“有……有關”，此處是形容詞短語作后置定語。故填with。
解析
Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi captures the northern 6.________(farmer) rush during Mangzhong in his poem Watching the Wheat Harvest(Guan Yimai)，
farmers’
考查名詞復數和名詞所有格。此處指北方農民，表示復數，且設空處修飾rush，應用farmers的所有格形式。故填farmers’。
解析
reflecting the lives of people in northern China,7.____ race against time to gather the ripe wheat.In the south，however，Mangzhong is a time for planting rice.
who
考查定語從句。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，關系詞指代先行詞people in northern China，且在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞who引導。故填who。
解析
Song Dynasty poet Lu You illustrates this in his poem Timely Rain(Shi Yu)，8. (describe) how the season’s heavy rains benefit the region.
describing
考查非謂語動詞。本句的謂語是illustrates，所以設空處用非謂語動詞，邏輯主語Timely Rain (Shi Yu)和describe之間是主動關系，應用現在分詞。故填describing。
解析
The rain，coinciding with the ripening of plums and 9. (refer) to as “plum rain”，is vital for the growth of rice and other crops.
referred
考查非謂語動詞。本句的謂語是is，所以設空處應用非謂語動詞。邏輯主語The rain和refer to之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞。固定搭配refer to...as...意為“將……稱為……”。故填referred。
解析
In recent years，Mangzhong 10. (stress) the differences in agricultural practices across China：while northern farmers focus on harvesting wheat，southern farmers rely on the seasonal rains to plant rice and nurture their crops.
has stressed
考查動詞時態和主謂一致。根據“In recent years”可知，此處應用現在完成時。主語為Mangzhong，所以助動詞用has。故填has stressed。
解析
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