資源簡介

Period 2　Learning About Language
閱讀以下短文，認真感悟加黑部分，完成下面的練習。
Since he graduated from college，he had been in low spirits.①What made him upset was that his mother was always complaining about something.His father had been out of work for a long time.It worried him ②that their family would get into debt if he couldn’t find a suitable job.However，③what he was thinking about was what his parents didn’t understand.They often urged him to look for a job as soon as possible.It was really a problem for him ④that he didn’t know how to communicate with his parents.⑤Whether he would find a job in the local factory was bothering him，for he planned to go to a bigger city.
以上黑體部分均為從句在主從復合句中作主語，稱為主語從句，一般放在句首，如①③⑤；也可以用形式主語it代替，而將主語從句后置，如②④。⑤中的Whether意為“是否”，引導主語從句，不可換成if。
一、主語從句的引導詞
類別 例詞 功能
從屬連詞 that，whether 在從句中不充當成分，只起連接作用；that無實義，whether意為“是否”
連接代詞 what，who，whom，which，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever 在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分，有實際意義
連接副詞 when，where，why，how 在從句中作時間、地點、方式、原因狀語等成分，有實際意義
That he is kind to that skinny child is clear to us.(that無意義)我們都知道他對那個瘦瘦的孩子是友好的。
Whether this kind of food does us harm remains to be seen.(whether不作成分，意為“是否”)
這種食物對我們是否有害有待觀察。
What is bothering that girl isn’t known to us.(what在主語從句中作主語，意為“……的事情”)我們不知道什么正困擾著那個女孩。
Whatever you do is none of my business，so you don’t need to tell me what you will do.(whatever在主語從句中作賓語，意為“任何事”)
你做什么都不關我的事，所以你不必告訴我你要做什么。
Which of all those ways is the best is uncertain.(which在主語從句中作主語，意為“哪一個”)
所有那些方法中哪一個最好還不確定。
Whom we should serve is a question of vital importance.(whom在主語從句中作賓語，意為“誰”) 我們應當為誰服務是一個極為重要的問題。
Whose carelessness destroyed the work must be made clear.(whose在主語從句中作定語，意為“誰的”) 必須查清是誰的粗心破壞了工作。
Who will teach us to enlarge our vocabulary is still open to question.(who在主語從句中作主語，意為“誰”)
誰會教我們擴大詞匯量還有待討論。
When and where the meeting will take place has not been decided yet.(when和where在主語從句中作時間和地點狀語)
開會的時間和地點還未決定。
Why he is so obsessive about his appearance is still a puzzle.(why在主語從句中作原因狀語)
他為何如此迷戀自己的外表仍然是個謎。
How he earned his living before is not clear to me.(how在主語從句中作方式狀語)
我不清楚他以前是如何謀生的。
[即時訓練1]　單句語法填空
①As far as I am concerned，whether the work can be finished on time is doubtful.
②What made the parents proud was that their son had been admitted to Peking University.
③Which place the school will be built in has led to different ideas.
④How he got the important information from the company was a mystery.
⑤That he won first prize in the competition made him quite excited.
二、it作形式主語
當句子主語過長時，為保持句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕，常把主語從句后置，而用形式主語it代替。it作形式主語時常用于以下句型：
句型 說明
It＋系動詞＋形容詞＋主語從句 常用于此句型的形容詞有important，(un)likely，possible，necessary，natural，wrong等。
It＋系動詞＋名詞詞組＋主語從句 常用于此句型的名詞詞組有a fact，an idea，an honour，a wonder，no wonder，a pity等。
It＋系動詞＋過去分詞＋主語從句 常用于此句型的過去分詞有known，proved，said，decided，suggested，thought等。
It＋不及物動詞＋主語從句 常用于此句型的動詞有appear，happen，seem，occur，matter等。
It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.學生學好英語很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.有人建議會議延期召開。
It depends on the weather whether they are going shopping today.
他們今天是否去購物取決于天氣情況。
It is no wonder that your students have made such great progress.難怪你的學生進步這么大。
[即時訓練2]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①It worried her a bit that her memory was becoming worse and worse.
②It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
③It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
④他們在哪里開這個會都無所謂。
It makes no difference where they will have the meeting.
⑤要求學生們從星期一到星期五每天早上7點到校。
It is required that the students (should) arrive at school at 7 am every morning from Monday to Friday.
三、主語從句中的注意事項
1．從句的語序：在任何情況下，主語從句都用陳述句語序，即：連接詞＋主語＋謂語。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你們中誰第一個到達這里誰就獲獎。
Where he got the important information hasn’t been known.
他從哪里得到這條重要信息還不為人知。
2．主謂一致
(1)從句作主語時，主句的謂語一般用單數形式；但what和who引導主語從句時，有時主句謂語的數應與主句中作表語的名詞保持一致。
When we shall have our sports meeting has not been decided.我們什么時候開運動會還沒有確定。
What they need are books.他們需要的是書。
(2)由and連接的兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用復數；由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句時，謂語動詞用單數。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他們什么時候動身以及要去哪里還沒定下來。
How and why he came to this city is a story of struggle and success.他如何以及為什么來到這個城市是一個充滿奮斗和成功的故事。
3．whether與if
if和whether引導主語從句時，whether在從句中不充當句子成分，只起連接作用，意為“是否”。注意：if不可引導位于句首的主語從句，但可以用于it作形式主語的從句中，此時if＝whether，但此時if不能與or not直接連用。
It doesn’t matter whether/if you will come.
＝It doesn’t matter whether you will come or not.
你來不來無關緊要。
4．that與what
that引導主語從句時在從句中不作成分，無詞義，只起連接作用；what引導主語從句時，在從句中除了起連接作用外，還可作主語、賓語、表語、定語成分，常常譯為“……的事情/東西”“……的地方”“……的人”“……的時間”。
That Mike worked out the difficult math problem was a great surprise to me.
邁克解出了這道數學難題，這使我大吃一驚。
What touched me most was the true friendship between the two boys.(what在主語從句中作主語，意為“……的事情”)
最讓我感動的是這兩個男孩之間真正的友誼。
What Jane gave me this morning were some sweet apples.(what在主語從句中作賓語，意為“……的東西”)
今天早上簡給我的是一些甜蘋果。
What the big city used to be was a small fishing village.(what在主語從句中作表語，意為“……的地方”)這個大城市過去是一個小漁村。
What he used to be wasn’t known to us all.(what在主語從句中作表語，意為“……的人”)
我們都不知道他過去是什么樣的人。
What seemed like ages had passed and he still didn’t turn up.(what在主語從句中作主語，意為“……的時間”)
好像過了好幾個世紀，他仍然沒有出現。
5．whatever與whoever
whatever和whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義，不僅起連接作用，還在從句中作成分；whatever相當于anything that，whoever相當于anyone who；whatever引導主語從句時意為“任何事情，一切事情”，引導讓步狀語從句時意為“不管什么，無論什么”，相當于no matter what；whoever引導主語從句時，意為“……的任何人”，引導讓步狀語從句時，意為“無論是誰，不管什么人”，相當于no matter who。
Whatever I will do will be beneficial to our company.(主語從句)
我將做的任何事情都將對公司有益。
Whatever they say，you should stick to your own opinion.(讓步狀語從句)
無論他們說什么，你都應該堅持自己的觀點。
Whoever is interested in this activity can sign up for it right now.(主語從句)
對這項活動感興趣的任何人現在都可以報名參加。
Whoever you are，you must obey the law.(讓步狀語從句)不管你是誰，你都必須遵守法律。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．一般讀者不了解他在文章中所提及的內容。
What he referred to in his article was unknown to the general readers.
2．將負責這項活動的任何人，都必須負責和細心。
Whoever will take charge of the activity must be responsible and careful.
3．換句話說，一個人怎么死的不太重要，但更重要的是他是如何活著的。
In other words，it matters little how a person dies，but what matters much more is how he lives.
4．新組建的委員會的政策是否會付諸實施還有待觀察。
It remains to be seen whether/if the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
5．你們當中無論哪一個打破窗戶都必須賠償。
Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
6．她在事故中幸免于難簡直是個奇跡，我們都松了一口氣。
That she survived the accident is a miracle and all of us sighed in relief.
7．我們正在討論這個周末去哪里野餐。
Where we will have a picnic this weekend is being discussed.
Ⅱ.完成下列語段，盡可能多地使用本單元語法
我所了解的是你們將在1月20日舉辦一場以“漢語日”為主題的活動。這里有一些建議來讓它變得令人驚奇和有教育意義。在我看來，你們讓觀眾參與娛樂活動是很重要的。中國書法展示了漢字的美，這是一個事實，所以你可以從它開始。更重要的是，我強烈建議舉辦一場中文演講比賽，以突出這門語言無與倫比的魅力。不可否認，你做的任何事都應該圍繞著相關的話題。是否采納上述建議由你決定。我真誠地希望你能記錄下這場難忘的演出，并與我分享你的成就！
1．What I have learnt/learned is that you will hold an activity with the theme of “Chinese Language Day”，which falls on January 20th.Here are some tips to make it amazing and educational.From my point of view，it is important 2. that you should make the audience take part in entertaining activities.It is a fact 3.that Chinese calligraphy demonstrates the beauty of Chinese characters，so you can start with it.More importantly,4.what I highly recommend is to host a Chinese speech contest to highlight the unmatched charm of this language.There is no denying that 5.whatever you do should center on the relevant topic.It is up to you 6.whether/if you will adopt the above suggestions.I sincerely hope you could record this unforgettable show and share your achievement with me!
作業2　Learning About Language
[分值：86.5分]
Ⅰ.把下列每題中的兩個簡單句合并為一個含有名詞性從句的復合句(共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分)
1．Why did they suddenly disappear？It still remains a mystery.
→Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
2．He said something at the meeting.His words were very attractive.
→What he said at the meeting was very attractive.
3．It was a pity.You missed such a good lecture.
→It was a pity that you missed such a good lecture.
4．We should practise spoken English for an hour every day.It is our rule.
→It is our rule that we should practise spoken English for an hour every day.
5．Shall we go picnicking tomorrow？It depends on the weather.
→Whether we will go picnicking tomorrow depends on the weather.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共8小題；每小題3分，滿分24分)
1．(讀后續寫之哭泣描寫)她握著我的手，哭著說：“謝謝！你所說的話對我非常重要。”
She held my hand，weeping，“Thanks！What you said has made a great difference to me.”
2．(讀后續寫之哭泣描寫)他們所做的事情深深地感動了我們，我們的淚水止不住地往下流。
What they had done deeply moved us，our tears rolling down without control.
3．(讀后續寫之興奮心理描寫)約翰突然想到他可以做爆米花來幫助伯納德，眼睛里閃爍著興奮的光芒。
It occurred to John that he could make popcorn to help Bernard，with eyes glittering with excitement.
4．(讀后續寫之恐懼心理描寫)不確定他是否能夠成功地嚇跑狼，他的心嚇得狂跳。
It was uncertain whether/if he could successfully frighten the wolf away，his heart beating wildly with extreme fright.
5．(讀后續寫之環境描寫)更糟糕的是，黑暗在沒有被注意到的情況下籠罩了森林，這無疑增加了我們找到回家的路的困難。
What was worse was that darkness fell into the forest without being noticed，which undoubtedly added to our difficulty finding our way home.
6．(應用文寫作之求助信)如何才能提高我的英語口語對我來說仍然是一個難題，因此我寫信向你尋求建議。
How I can improve my spoken English is still a puzzle to me，so I am writing to ask for your advice.
7．英語作為一門國際語言正日益為人們所接受，這是事實。
It is a fact that English，as an international language，is increasingly accepted by people.
8．吃綠色蔬菜有助于增強體力，這一點已經得到證實。
That eating green vegetables contributes to building up strength has been proved.
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)
A
(2025·河北保定高二上期中)
Humans have always been working Earth’s land，and they also have always been studying and hoping to work the land of Mars one day.
Planetary scientist Abhilash Ramachandran at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference reported that Martian dirt may have all the necessary nutrients for growing rice，one of humankind’s most important foods.However，he emphasizes that the plant may need a bit of help to survive in perchlorate(高氯酸鹽)，a chemical that can be harmful to plants and has been detected on the surface of Mars.
Ramachandran says they want to send humans to Mars，but they cannot take everything there，especially food.He thinks it’s going to be expensive，but growing rice there would be ideal.
Ramachandran and his colleagues grew rice plants in a Martian soil simulant(模擬物)．They also grew rice in pure potting mix as well as several mixtures of the potting mix and soil simulant.All pots were watered once or twice a day.The team found rice plants did grow in the artificial dirt of Mars.However，the plants developed slighter shoots and thinner roots than the plants that grew from the potting mix and hybrid soils.The researchers also tried growing rice in soil with added perchlorate.They sourced some rice varieties—modified to stand environmental stressors like drought—and grew them in Mars-like dirt with and without perchlorate.No rice plants grew in a concentration of 3g of perchlorate per kilogram of soil.But when the concentration was just 1g per kilogram，one of the rice varieties grew both a shoot and a root，while another managed to grow a root.
The findings are encouraging，suggesting that by changing to improve with one successful modified gene，humans might eventually be able to develop a rice cultivar suitable for Mars.
1．What does Ramachandran stress about growing rice on Mars in paragraph 2
A．The challenge. B．The reason.
C．The benefit. D．The purpose.
答案　A
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段末句可知，Ramachandran 強調了在火星上種植水稻面臨的挑戰——火星上有一種對植物有害的化學物質，即高氯酸鹽。故選A。
2．Why do the scientists want to plant rice on Mars
A．To purify the Martian air.
B．To feed Martian explorers.
C．To test the Martian soil simulant.
D．To improve the Martian soil environment.
答案　B
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段內容可知，科學家們想在火星上種植水稻是為了給火星探索者提供食物。故選B。
3．What can we learn about rice plants from the experiments
A．Their weight ranged from 1g to 3g.
B．They stopped growing in Mars-like dirt.
C．They never developed roots in soil with perchlorate.
D．Their growth was affected by perchlorate’s concentration.
答案　D
解析　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“No rice plants grew in a concentration of 3g of perchlorate per kilogram of soil.But when the concentration was just 1g per kilogram，one of the rice varieties grew both a shoot and a root，while another managed to grow a root.”可知，實驗表明水稻的生長受高氯酸鹽濃度的影響。故選D。
4．What is the author’s attitude to the research findings
A．Doubtful. B．Critical.
C．Positive. D．Curious.
答案　C
解析　觀點態度題。根據最后一段中“The findings are encouraging”可知，這項研究結果令人鼓舞，即作者對該研究結果持肯定的態度。故選C。
B(此篇精讀)
Vertical farming，as the name suggests，is a form of agriculture that is specifically designed to help agricultural production inside vertical structures like buildings.
It is a revolutionary，and arguably more sustainable(可持續的)，method of farming for several reasons.For example，it tends to require much less water than regular farming by some estimates up to 95% less.It also takes up less space and has little or no impact on local natural soils.Generally speaking，vertical farms can be operated without the use of pesticides that are potentially very damaging to the environment.Because of the controlled conditions provided by vertical farms，all-year-round growing of crops is also usually made possible.
Vertical farms tend to consist of one of several models，ranging from wooden shelves to greenhouses that are able to produce enough food for entire communities.Some consist of specially designed towers with plant cups.For larger，purpose-built vertical farms，hydroponic(水培的) systems are often employed to help control the indoor climate all year round.Other aspects of vertical farms can also be regulated，including automated control of temperature and light.A high level of control is usually vital for the success of the farm，as failure to maintain specific conditions can lead to the loss of entire crops.
If you are interested in starting your own vertical farm，you have a few options.For example，for domestic-scale kind of strategies，simple vertical farms can be created using old pallets(托盤)，or other custom-made solutions.For larger-scale vertical farming options，you can either directly invest in existing vertical farms，or raise enough money to set up your own.This will，obviously，require large amounts of money，but the potential for such solutions is predicted to rise dramatically over the coming years.
5．What can we learn about vertical farming
A．It tends to require more water.
B．It helps enrich the local natural soil.
C．It may potentially harm the environment.
D．It may make year-round crop planting a reality.
答案　D
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Because of the controlled conditions provided by vertical farms，all-year-round growing of crops is also usually made possible.”可知，垂直農業可以使全年種植作物成為現實。故選D。
6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．How vertical farming works.
B．What vertical farms produce.
C．Why vertical farms appear.
D．Where vertical farms exist.
答案　A
解析　段落大意題。根據第三段“Vertical farms tend to consist of one of several models，ranging from wooden shelves to greenhouses...Some consist of specially designed towers with plant cups.For larger，purpose-built vertical farms，hydroponic(水培的) systems are often employed...Other aspects of vertical farms can also be regulated...”可知，本段主要講的是垂直農業的運作方式。故選A。
7．What can be the key to a successful vertical farm
A．Various models.
B．Financial support.
C．Indoor temperature.
D．High-level control.
答案　D
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段末句“A high level of control is usually vital for the success of the farm，as failure to maintain specific conditions can lead to the loss of entire crops.”可知，垂直農場成功的關鍵是先進的控制模式。故選D。
8．What’s the writing purpose of the text
A．To set a new standard of farming.
B．To introduce a new way of farming.
C．To present modest reform in farming.
D．To raise money for larger vertical farms.
答案　B
解析　寫作意圖題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介紹了垂直農業這種新型耕作方式的特點和優勢。由此推知，這篇文章的寫作目的是介紹一種新型耕作方式。故選B。
[詞匯積累] 1．revolutionary adj.革命的；革命性的，突破性的 2．arguably(派)＝argue＋able＋ly adv.可論證地，按理 3．employ熟義：v.雇用　生義(文義)：v.使用 4．larger-scale(合)＝larger＋scale adj.更大規模的 5．invest v．投資→investor n．投資者→investment n．投資 [句式分析] Vertical farming，as the name suggests，is a form of agriculture that is specifically designed to help agricultural production inside vertical structures like buildings. 分析：此句為復合句。as引導非限制性定語從句；that引導定語從句，修飾a form of agriculture。 翻譯：垂直農業，顧名思義，是一種在建筑物等垂直結構內專門用于幫助農業生產的農業形式。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
Drip irrigation refers to the process of dripping water onto the soil surfaces through a system of plastic pipes. 1 Nations which have welcomed drip irrigation include China，the USA，and many others.Why Drip irrigation has many advantages.
2 When we’re using drip irrigation systems，the application of water uniformly across the land achieves high levels of water efficiency by applying water only where it’s needed.Thus，there’s less runoff from both the soil and leaves.And research shows drip irrigation is far more effective at letting plants make use of the water applied.
It encourages healthier growth of plants.Drip irrigation guarantees the soil always holds some water.Moreover，the drip systems carry out the application of water only at the plant’s roots，and the remaining part of the plant and soil remains dry.Thus，the emergence of waterborne pests which spread through the movement of water is greatly minimized. 3
It prevents chemicals entering groundwater.Unlike other water spraying techniques，drip irrigation delivers water directly to the ground’s surface instead of spraying water up and out over the entire area.Consequently，it doesn’t result in the great runoff of man-made chemicals into the groundwater. 4 Both animals and humans can benefit from that.
It reduces the risk of erosion(侵蝕)．Soil erosion is known for the removal of top soil by natural forces，like running water.Soil erosion is harmful. 5 Since drip irrigation doesn’t expose much of the soil surface to water，soil erosion is reduced.
A．It saves water.
B．It prevents plants lacking water.
C．It is popular throughout the world.
D．It may cause a sharp decrease in farmland.
E．They provide plants with enough nutrition.
F．Thus，drinking water quality is better guaranteed.
G．Besides，weeds will thus die off due to lack of water.
1．答案　C
解析　根據設空處上下文可知，滴灌在全世界都很流行，C項中的“It”指代上文的“Drip irrigation”，且“popular”和下文的“have welcomed”對應。C項(它在全世界都很受歡迎)符合語境。故選C。
2．答案　A
解析　設空處為段落主旨句。根據本段內容可知，本段主要講述滴灌能提高用水效率，從而達到節約用水的目的。A項中的“saves water”和下文中“less runoff”對應。A項(它節約用水)符合語境。故選A。
3．答案　G
解析　根據上文“Moreover，the drip systems carry out the application of water only at the plant’s roots，and the remaining part of the plant and soil remains dry.”可知，滴灌會讓植物和土壤其他部分保持干燥，這樣會使水生害蟲的數量減少。G項(此外，雜草也會因為缺水而枯死)符合語境。故選G。
4．答案　F
解析　根據段落主旨句“It prevents chemicals entering groundwater.”和設空處前后各一句可知，滴灌可以防止地下水被污染，從而保障動物和人類飲用水的質量。F項(因此，飲用水的質量得到更好的保證)符合語境。故選F。
5．答案　D
解析　根據上文“Soil erosion is known for the removal of top soil by natural forces，like running water.Soil erosion is harmful.”可知，設空處承接上文，具體說明土壤侵蝕的害處，D項中的“It”指代上文的“Soil erosion”。D項(它可能會導致耕地急劇減少)符合語境。故選D。
Ⅴ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
(2025·湖北高二上期中聯考)
Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse 1. (award) the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature for his “innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”．
Fosse is credited 2. “one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world”by the Swedish Academy，although the 64-year-old man originally made his name as a novelist,3. (begin) with The Red and the Black in 1983.He has since written many works of prose and poetry.
Growing up in a small coastal village，Fosse was immersed in the beauty of nature and the vastness of the sea.He draws 4. (inspire) from his rural living environment and personal struggles，which have deeply influenced his distinctive writing style.Fosse’s writing discussed 5. (theme) of loneliness，longing，and the search for meaning in life.6.__________(addition)，his battles with depression have enabled 7. (he) to explore the depths of human emotions and existential despair.
“He touches you so deeply when you read his works，” said Anders Olsson，Chairman of the Noble Prize Committee.“8. is special about him is the closeness in his writing.It touches your deepest feelings—anxieties，insecurities，questions of life and death,9. are things that every human being actually faces from the very beginning.In that sense，I think he reaches very far and there is 10. universal impact of everything that he writes—it has an appeal to this basic humanity.”
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。挪威劇作家兼作家喬恩·福斯被授予2023年諾貝爾文學獎，以表彰他“創新的戲劇和散文，為不可言說的事情發聲”。文章主要介紹了他的個人經歷以及對他的評價。
1．答案　was awarded
解析　考查動詞時態、語態和主謂一致。主語與謂語構成被動關系，根據語境可知，“獲獎”發生在過去，為一般過去時的被動語態，且主語為Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse，be動詞用was。故填was awarded。
2．答案　as
解析　考查介詞。be credited as...為固定搭配，意為“被認為是，被譽為”，故填as。
3．答案　beginning
解析　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，begin與其邏輯主語the 64-year-old man構成主動關系，用現在分詞形式作狀語。故填beginning。
4．答案　inspiration
解析　考查名詞。固定短語draw inspiration from意為“從……中獲得靈感”。故填inspiration。
5．答案　themes
解析　考查名詞復數。根據句意可知，福斯的著作論述的主題有多個，因此用名詞復數。故填themes。
6．答案　Additionally
解析　考查副詞。設空處修飾整個句子，應用副詞形式，且句首單詞的首字母大寫。故填Additionally。
7．答案　him
解析　考查代詞。設空處作動詞的賓語，應用賓格him。故填him。
8．答案　What
解析　考查主語從句。設空處引導主語從句，從句缺少主語，指物，應用what，且句首單詞的首字母大寫。故填What。
9．答案　which
解析　考查定語從句。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞“anxieties，insecurities，questions of life and death”，在從句中作主語，指物，故填which。
10．答案　a
解析　考查冠詞。impact在此處表泛指，且universal是發音以輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a。(共80張PPT)
Period 2
Learning About Language
Working the land
Unit 5
內容索引
情境導讀
語法精講
作業2
達標檢測
情境導讀
閱讀以下短文，認真感悟加顏色部分，完成下面的練習。
Since he graduated from college，he had been in low spirits.①What made him upset was that his mother was always complaining about something.His father had been out of work for a long time.It worried him ②that their family would get into debt if he couldn’t find a suitable job.However，③what he was thinking about was what his parents didn’t understand.They often urged him to look for a job as soon as possible.It was really a problem for him ④that he didn’t know how to communicate with his parents.⑤Whether he would find a job in the local factory was bothering him，for he planned to go to a bigger city.
以上加顏色部分均為從句在主從復合句中作主語，稱為_____從句，一般放在_____，如_______；也可以用形式主語____代替，而將主語從句后置，如______。⑤中的Whether意為“______”，引導主語從句，不可換成if。
主語
句首
①③⑤
it
②④
是否
返 回
語法精講
一、主語從句的引導詞
類別 例詞 功能
從屬連詞 that，whether 在從句中不充當成分，只起連接作用；that無實義，whether意為“是否”
連接代詞 what，who，whom，which，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever 在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分，有實際意義
連接副詞 when，where，why，how 在從句中作時間、地點、方式、原因狀語等成分，有實際意義
That he is kind to that skinny child is clear to us.(that無意義)我們都知道他對那個瘦瘦的孩子是友好的。
Whether this kind of food does us harm remains to be seen.(whether不作成分，意為“是否”)
這種食物對我們是否有害有待觀察。
What is bothering that girl isn’t known to us.(what在主語從句中作主語，意為“……的事情”)我們不知道什么正困擾著那個女孩。
Whatever you do is none of my business，so you don’t need to tell me what you will do.(whatever在主語從句中作賓語，意為“任何事”)
你做什么都不關我的事，所以你不必告訴我你要做什么。
Which of all those ways is the best is uncertain.(which在主語從句中作主語，意為“哪一個”)
所有那些方法中哪一個最好還不確定。
Whom we should serve is a question of vital importance.(whom在主語從句中作賓語，意為“誰”) 我們應當為誰服務是一個極為重要的問題。
Whose carelessness destroyed the work must be made clear.(whose在主語從句中作定語，意為“誰的”) 必須查清是誰的粗心破壞了工作。
Who will teach us to enlarge our vocabulary is still open to question.(who在主語從句中作主語，意為“誰”)
誰會教我們擴大詞匯量還有待討論。
When and where the meeting will take place has not been decided yet.(when和where在主語從句中作時間和地點狀語)
開會的時間和地點還未決定。
Why he is so obsessive about his appearance is still a puzzle.(why在主語從句中作原因狀語)
他為何如此迷戀自己的外表仍然是個謎。
How he earned his living before is not clear to me.(how在主語從句中作方式狀語)
我不清楚他以前是如何謀生的。
[即時訓練1]　單句語法填空
①As far as I am concerned，_________ the work can be finished on time is doubtful.
②______ made the parents proud was that their son had been admitted to Peking University.
③_______ place the school will be built in has led to different ideas.
④_____ he got the important information from the company was a mystery.
⑤_____ he won first prize in the competition made him quite excited.
whether
What
Which
How
That
二、it作形式主語
當句子主語過長時，為保持句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕，常把主語從句后置，而用形式主語it代替。it作形式主語時常用于以下句型：
句型 說明
It＋系動詞＋形容詞＋主語從句 常用于此句型的形容詞有important，(un)likely，possible，necessary，natural，wrong等。
It＋系動詞＋名詞詞組＋主語從句 常用于此句型的名詞詞組有a fact，an idea，an honour，a wonder，no wonder，a pity等。
句型 說明
It＋系動詞＋過去分詞＋主語從句 常用于此句型的過去分詞有known，proved，said，decided，suggested，thought等。
It＋不及物動詞＋主語從句 常用于此句型的動詞有appear，happen，seem，occur，matter等。
It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.學生學好英語很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.有人建議會議延期召開。
It depends on the weather whether they are going shopping today.
他們今天是否去購物取決于天氣情況。
It is no wonder that your students have made such great progress.難怪你的學生進步這么大。
[即時訓練2]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①It worried her a bit _____ her memory was becoming worse and worse.
②It makes no difference ________ he will attend the meeting or not.
③It is often the case ______ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
④他們在哪里開這個會都無所謂。
____________________ where they will have the meeting.
⑤要求學生們從星期一到星期五每天早上7點到校。
It is required that _______________________________________________
________ from Monday to Friday.
that
whether
that
It makes no difference
the students (should) arrive at school at 7 am every morning
三、主語從句中的注意事項
1.從句的語序：在任何情況下，主語從句都用陳述句語序，即：連接詞＋主語＋謂語。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你們中誰第一個到達這里誰就獲獎。
Where he got the important information hasn’t been known.
他從哪里得到這條重要信息還不為人知。
2.主謂一致
(1)從句作主語時，主句的謂語一般用單數形式；但what和who引導主語從句時，有時主句謂語的數應與主句中作表語的名詞保持一致。
When we shall have our sports meeting has not been decided.我們什么時候開運動會還沒有確定。
What they need are books.他們需要的是書。
(2)由and連接的兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用復數；由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句時，謂語動詞用單數。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他們什么時候動身以及要去哪里還沒定下來。
How and why he came to this city is a story of struggle and success.他如何以及為什么來到這個城市是一個充滿奮斗和成功的故事。
3.whether與if
if和whether引導主語從句時，whether在從句中不充當句子成分，只起連接作用，意為“是否”。注意：if不可引導位于句首的主語從句，但可以用于it作形式主語的從句中，此時if＝whether，但此時if不能與or not直接連用。
It doesn’t matter whether/if you will come.
＝It doesn’t matter whether you will come or not.
你來不來無關緊要。
4.that與what
that引導主語從句時在從句中不作成分，無詞義，只起連接作用；what引導主語從句時，在從句中除了起連接作用外，還可作主語、賓語、表語、定語成分，常常譯為“……的事情/東西”“……的地方”“……的人”“……的時間”。
That Mike worked out the difficult math problem was a great surprise to me.
邁克解出了這道數學難題，這使我大吃一驚。
What touched me most was the true friendship between the two boys.(what在主語從句中作主語，意為“……的事情”)
最讓我感動的是這兩個男孩之間真正的友誼。
What Jane gave me this morning were some sweet apples.(what在主語從句中作賓語，意為“……的東西”)
今天早上簡給我的是一些甜蘋果。
What the big city used to be was a small fishing village.(what在主語從句中作表語，意為“……的地方”)這個大城市過去是一個小漁村。
What he used to be wasn’t known to us all.(what在主語從句中作表語，意為“……的人”)
我們都不知道他過去是什么樣的人。
What seemed like ages had passed and he still didn’t turn up.(what在主語從句中作主語，意為“……的時間”)
好像過了好幾個世紀，他仍然沒有出現。
5.whatever與whoever
whatever和whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義，不僅起連接作用，還在從句中作成分；whatever相當于anything that，whoever相當于anyone who；whatever引導主語從句時意為“任何事情，一切事情”，引導讓步狀語從句時意為“不管什么，無論什么”，相當于no matter what；whoever引導主語從句時，意為“……的任何人”，引導讓步狀語從句時，意為“無論是誰，不管什么人”，相當于no matter who。
Whatever I will do will be beneficial to our company.(主語從句)
我將做的任何事情都將對公司有益。
Whatever they say，you should stick to your own opinion.(讓步狀語從句)
無論他們說什么，你都應該堅持自己的觀點。
Whoever is interested in this activity can sign up for it right now.(主語從句)
對這項活動感興趣的任何人現在都可以報名參加。
Whoever you are，you must obey the law.(讓步狀語從句)不管你是誰，你都必須遵守法律。
返 回
達標檢測
1.一般讀者不了解他在文章中所提及的內容。
______________________________ was unknown to the general readers.
2.將負責這項活動的任何人，都必須負責和細心。
___________________________________ must be responsible and careful.
3.換句話說，一個人怎么死的不太重要，但更重要的是他是如何活著的。
In other words，it matters little _________________，but ____________
___________ is how he lives.
What he referred to in his article
Ⅰ.完成句子
Whoever will take charge of the activity
how a person dies
what matters
much more
4.新組建的委員會的政策是否會付諸實施還有待觀察。
_____________________________ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
5.你們當中無論哪一個打破窗戶都必須賠償。
____________________ breaks the window will have to pay for it.
6.她在事故中幸免于難簡直是個奇跡，我們都松了一口氣。
___________________________ is a miracle and all of us sighed in relief.
7.我們正在討論這個周末去哪里野餐。
_____________________________________ is being discussed.
It remains to be seen whether/if
Whichever one of you
That she survived the accident
Where we will have a picnic this weekend
我所了解的是你們將在1月20日舉辦一場以“漢語日”為主題的活動。這里有一些建議來讓它變得令人驚奇和有教育意義。在我看來，
Ⅱ.完成下列語段，盡可能多地使用本單元語法
1.________________________ is that you will hold an activity with the theme of “Chinese Language Day”，which falls on January 20th.Here are some tips to make it amazing and educational.From my point of view，
What I have learnt/learned
你們讓觀眾參與娛樂活動是很重要的。中國書法展示了漢字的美，這是一個事實，所以你可以從它開始。更重要的是，我強烈建議舉辦一場中文演講比賽，以突出這門語言無與倫比的魅力。不可否認，你做的任何事都應該圍繞著相關的話題。
it is important 2.________________________________________________
____________________.It is a fact 3._______________________________
__________________________________________ ，so you can start with it.More importantly,4.________________________ is to host a Chinese speech contest to highlight the unmatched charm of this language.There is no denying that 5.________________ should center on the relevant topic.
that you should make the audience take part in
entertaining activities
that Chinese calligraphy
demonstrates the beauty of Chinese characters
what I highly recommend
whatever you do
是否采納上述建議由你決定。我真誠地希望你能記錄下這場難忘的演出，并與我分享你的成就！
It is up to you 6._____________________________________________.I sincerely hope you could record this unforgettable show and share your achievement with me!
返 回
whether/if you will adopt the above suggestions
作業2
1.Why did they suddenly disappear？It still remains a mystery.
→____________________________________________________________
2.He said something at the meeting.His words were very attractive.
→____________________________________________________________
3.It was a pity.You missed such a good lecture.
→____________________________________________________________
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
Ⅰ.把下列每題中的兩個簡單句合并為一個含有名詞性從句的復合句
What he said at the meeting was very attractive.
It was a pity that you missed such a good lecture.
4.We should practise spoken English for an hour every day.It is our rule.
→_____________________________________________________________
5.Shall we go picnicking tomorrow？It depends on the weather.
→_____________________________________________________________
It is our rule that we should practise spoken English for an hour every day.
Whether we will go picnicking tomorrow depends on the weather.
1.(讀后續寫之哭泣描寫)她握著我的手，哭著說：“謝謝！你所說的話對我非常重要?！?br/>She held my hand，weeping，“Thanks!______________ has made a great difference to me.”
2.(讀后續寫之哭泣描寫)他們所做的事情深深地感動了我們，我們的淚水止不住地往下流。
___________________ deeply moved us，our tears rolling down without control.
Ⅱ.完成句子
What you said
What they had done
3.(讀后續寫之興奮心理描寫)約翰突然想到他可以做爆米花來幫助伯納德，眼睛里閃爍著興奮的光芒。
___________________________________________ to help Bernard，with eyes glittering with excitement.
4.(讀后續寫之恐懼心理描寫)不確定他是否能夠成功地嚇跑狼，他的心嚇得狂跳。
_______________________________________________________________，his heart beating wildly with extreme fright.
It occurred to John that he could make popcorn
It was uncertain whether/if he could successfully frighten the wolf away
5.(讀后續寫之環境描寫)更糟糕的是，黑暗在沒有被注意到的情況下籠罩了森林，這無疑增加了我們找到回家的路的困難。
_______________ was that darkness fell into the forest without being noticed，which undoubtedly added to our difficulty finding our way home.
6.(應用文寫作之求助信)如何才能提高我的英語口語對我來說仍然是一個難題，因此我寫信向你尋求建議。
__________________________________ is still a puzzle to me，so I am writing to ask for your advice.
What was worse
How I can improve my spoken English
7.英語作為一門國際語言正日益為人們所接受，這是事實。
________________________________________________________________________ by people.
8.吃綠色蔬菜有助于增強體力，這一點已經得到證實。
___________________________________________________________ has been proved.
That eating green vegetables contributes to building up strength
It is a fact that English，as an international language，is increasingly accepted
A
(2025·河北保定高二上期中)
Humans have always been working Earth’s land，and they also have always been studying and hoping to work the land of Mars one day.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在火星上種植水稻的意義和可能性。
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀
Planetary scientist Abhilash Ramachandran at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference reported that Martian dirt may have all the necessary nutrients for growing rice，one of humankind’s most important foods.However，he emphasizes that the plant may need a bit of help to survive in perchlorate(高氯酸鹽)，a chemical that can be harmful to plants and has been detected on the surface of Mars.
Ramachandran says they want to send humans to Mars，but they cannot take everything there，especially food.He thinks it’s going to be expensive，but growing rice there would be ideal.
Ramachandran and his colleagues grew rice plants in a Martian soil simulant(模擬物).They also grew rice in pure potting mix as well as several mixtures of the potting mix and soil simulant.All pots were watered once or twice a day.The team found rice plants did grow in the artificial dirt of Mars.However，the plants developed slighter shoots and thinner roots than the plants that grew from the potting mix and hybrid soils.The researchers also tried growing rice in soil with added perchlorate.
They sourced some rice varieties—modified to stand environmental stressors like drought—and grew them in Mars-like dirt with and without perchlorate.No rice plants grew in a concentration of 3g of perchlorate per kilogram of soil.But when the concentration was just 1g per kilogram，one of the rice varieties grew both a shoot and a root，while another managed to grow a root.
The findings are encouraging，suggesting that by changing to improve with one successful modified gene，humans might eventually be able to develop a rice cultivar suitable for Mars.
1.What does Ramachandran stress about growing rice on Mars in paragraph 2
A.The challenge. B.The reason.
C.The benefit. D.The purpose.
√
細節理解題。根據第二段末句可知，Ramachandran 強調了在火星上種植水稻面臨的挑戰——火星上有一種對植物有害的化學物質，即高氯酸鹽。故選A。
解析
2.Why do the scientists want to plant rice on Mars
A.To purify the Martian air.
B.To feed Martian explorers.
C.To test the Martian soil simulant.
D.To improve the Martian soil environment.
√
細節理解題。根據第三段內容可知，科學家們想在火星上種植水稻是為了給火星探索者提供食物。故選B。
解析
3.What can we learn about rice plants from the experiments
A.Their weight ranged from 1g to 3g.
B.They stopped growing in Mars-like dirt.
C.They never developed roots in soil with perchlorate.
D.Their growth was affected by perchlorate’s concentration.
√
推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“No rice plants grew in a concentration of 3g of perchlorate per kilogram of soil.But when the concentration was just 1g per kilogram，one of the rice varieties grew both a shoot and a root，while another managed to grow a root.”可知，實驗表明水稻的生長受高氯酸鹽濃度的影響。故選D。
解析
4.What is the author’s attitude to the research findings
A.Doubtful. B.Critical.
C.Positive. D.Curious.
觀點態度題。根據最后一段中“The findings are encouraging”可知，這項研究結果令人鼓舞，即作者對該研究結果持肯定的態度。故選C。
解析
√
B(此篇精讀)
Vertical farming，as the name suggests，is a form of agriculture that is specifically designed to help agricultural production inside vertical structures like buildings.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了垂直農業這種新型耕作方式的特點和優勢。
It is a revolutionary，and arguably more sustainable(可持續的)，method of farming for several reasons.For example，it tends to require much less water than regular farming by some estimates up to 95% less.It also takes up less space and has little or no impact on local natural soils.Generally speaking，vertical farms can be operated without the use of pesticides that are potentially very damaging to the environment.Because of the controlled conditions provided by vertical farms，all-year-round growing of crops is also usually made possible.
Vertical farms tend to consist of one of several models，ranging from wooden shelves to greenhouses that are able to produce enough food for entire communities.Some consist of specially designed towers with plant cups.For larger，purpose-built vertical farms，hydroponic(水培的) systems are often employed to help control the indoor climate all year round.Other aspects of vertical farms can also be regulated，including automated control of temperature and light.A high level of control is usually vital for the success of the farm，as failure to maintain specific conditions can lead to the loss of entire crops.
If you are interested in starting your own vertical farm，you have a few options.For example，for domestic-scale kind of strategies，simple vertical farms can be created using old pallets(托盤)，or other custom-made solutions.For larger-scale vertical farming options，you can either directly invest in existing vertical farms，or raise enough money to set up your own.This will，obviously，require large amounts of money，but the potential for such solutions is predicted to rise dramatically over the coming years.
5.What can we learn about vertical farming
A.It tends to require more water.
B.It helps enrich the local natural soil.
C.It may potentially harm the environment.
D.It may make year-round crop planting a reality.
√
細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Because of the controlled conditions provided by vertical farms，all-year-round growing of crops is also usually made possible.”可知，垂直農業可以使全年種植作物成為現實。故選D。
解析
6.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.How vertical farming works.
B.What vertical farms produce.
C.Why vertical farms appear.
D.Where vertical farms exist.
√
段落大意題。根據第三段“Vertical farms tend to consist of one of several models，ranging from wooden shelves to greenhouses...Some consist of specially designed towers with plant cups.For larger，purpose-built vertical farms，hydroponic(水培的) systems are often employed...Other aspects of vertical farms can also be regulated...”可知，本段主要講的是垂直農業的運作方式。故選A。
解析
7.What can be the key to a successful vertical farm
A.Various models.
B.Financial support.
C.Indoor temperature.
D.High-level control.
細節理解題。根據第三段末句“A high level of control is usually vital for the success of the farm，as failure to maintain specific conditions can lead to the loss of entire crops.”可知，垂直農場成功的關鍵是先進的控制模式。故選D。
解析
√
8.What’s the writing purpose of the text
A.To set a new standard of farming.
B.To introduce a new way of farming.
C.To present modest reform in farming.
D.To raise money for larger vertical farms.
√
寫作意圖題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介紹了垂直農業這種新型耕作方式的特點和優勢。由此推知，這篇文章的寫作目的是介紹一種新型耕作方式。故選B。
解析
1.revolutionary adj.革命的；革命性的，突破性的
2.arguably(派)＝argue＋able＋ly adv.可論證地，按理
3.employ熟義：v.雇用　生義(文義)：v.使用
4.larger-scale(合)＝larger＋scale adj.更大規模的
5.invest v.投資→investor n.投資者→investment n.投資
詞匯積累
Vertical farming，as the name suggests，is a form of agriculture that is specifically designed to help agricultural production inside vertical structures like buildings.
分析：此句為復合句。as引導非限制性定語從句；that引導定語從句，修飾a form of agriculture。
翻譯：垂直農業，顧名思義，是一種在建筑物等垂直結構內專門用于幫助農業生產的農業形式。
句式分析
Drip irrigation refers to the process of dripping water onto the soil surfaces through a system of plastic pipes.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了滴灌的優點。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀
1 Nations which have welcomed drip irrigation include China，the USA，and many others.Why Drip irrigation has many advantages.
A.It saves water.
B.It prevents plants lacking water.
C.It is popular throughout the world.
D.It may cause a sharp decrease in farmland.
E.They provide plants with enough nutrition.
F.Thus，drinking water quality is better guaranteed.
G.Besides，weeds will thus die off due to lack of water.
√
根據設空處上下文可知，滴灌在全世界都很流行，C項中的“It”指代上文的“Drip irrigation”，且“popular”和下文的“have welcomed”對應。C項(它在全世界都很受歡迎)符合語境。故選C。
解析
2 When we’re using drip irrigation systems，the application of water uniformly across the land achieves high levels of water efficiency by applying water only where it’s needed.Thus，there’s less runoff from both the soil and leaves.And research shows drip irrigation is far more effective at letting plants make use of the water applied.
A.It saves water.
B.It prevents plants lacking water.
C.It is popular throughout the world.
D.It may cause a sharp decrease in farmland.
E.They provide plants with enough nutrition.
F.Thus，drinking water quality is better guaranteed.
G.Besides，weeds will thus die off due to lack of water.
√
設空處為段落主旨句。根據本段內容可知，本段主要講述滴灌能提高用水效率，從而達到節約用水的目的。A項中的“saves water”和下文中“less runoff”對應。A項(它節約用水)符合語境。故選A。
解析
It encourages healthier growth of plants.Drip irrigation guarantees the soil always holds some water.Moreover，the drip systems carry out the application of water only at the plant’s roots，and the remaining part of the plant and soil remains dry.Thus，the emergence of waterborne pests which spread through the movement of water is greatly minimized. 3
A.It saves water.
B.It prevents plants lacking water.
C.It is popular throughout the world.
D.It may cause a sharp decrease in farmland.
E.They provide plants with enough nutrition.
F.Thus，drinking water quality is better guaranteed.
G.Besides，weeds will thus die off due to lack of water.
√
根據上文“Moreover，the drip systems carry out the application of water only at the plant’s roots，and the remaining part of the plant and soil remains dry.”可知，滴灌會讓植物和土壤其他部分保持干燥，這樣會使水生害蟲的數量減少。G項(此外，雜草也會因為缺水而枯死)符合語境。故選G。
解析
It prevents chemicals entering groundwater.Unlike other water spraying techniques，drip irrigation delivers water directly to the ground’s surface instead of spraying water up and out over the entire area.
Consequently，it doesn’t result in the great runoff of man-made chemicals into the groundwater. 4 Both animals and humans can benefit from that.
A.It saves water.
B.It prevents plants lacking water.
C.It is popular throughout the world.
D.It may cause a sharp decrease in farmland.
E.They provide plants with enough nutrition.
F.Thus，drinking water quality is better guaranteed.
G.Besides，weeds will thus die off due to lack of water.
√
根據段落主旨句“It prevents chemicals entering groundwater.”和設空處前后各一句可知，滴灌可以防止地下水被污染，從而保障動物和人類飲用水的質量。F項(因此，飲用水的質量得到更好的保證)符合語境。故選F。
解析
It reduces the risk of erosion(侵蝕).Soil erosion is known for the removal of top soil by natural forces，like running water.Soil erosion is harmful. 5 Since drip irrigation doesn’t expose much of the soil surface to water，soil erosion is reduced.
A.It saves water.
B.It prevents plants lacking water.
C.It is popular throughout the world.
D.It may cause a sharp decrease in farmland.
E.They provide plants with enough nutrition.
F.Thus，drinking water quality is better guaranteed.
G.Besides，weeds will thus die off due to lack of water.
√
根據上文“Soil erosion is known for the removal of top soil by natural forces，like running water.Soil erosion is harmful.”可知，設空處承接上文，具體說明土壤侵蝕的害處，D項中的“It”指代上文的“Soil erosion”。D項(它可能會導致耕地急劇減少)符合語境。故選D。
解析
(2025·湖北高二上期中聯考)
Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse 1. (award) the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature for his “innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”.
語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。挪威劇作家兼作家喬恩·福斯被授予2023年諾貝爾文學獎，以表彰他“創新的戲劇和散文，為不可言說的事情發聲”。文章主要介紹了他的個人經歷以及對他的評價。
was awarded
Ⅴ.語法填空
考查動詞時態、語態和主謂一致。主語與謂語構成被動關系，根據語境可知，“獲獎”發生在過去，為一般過去時的被動語態，且主語為Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse，be動詞用was。故填was awarded。
解析
Fosse is credited 2. “one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world”by the Swedish Academy，although the 64-year-old man originally made his name as a novelist,3. (begin) with The Red and the Black in 1983.He has since written many works of prose and poetry.
as
2.考查介詞。be credited as...為固定搭配，意為“被認為是，被譽為”，故填as。
3.考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，begin與其邏輯主語the 64-year-old man構成主動關系，用現在分詞形式作狀語。故填beginning。
解析
beginning
Growing up in a small coastal village，Fosse was immersed in the beauty of nature and the vastness of the sea.He draws 4.______________
(inspire) from his rural living environment and personal struggles，
inspiration
考查名詞。固定短語draw inspiration from意為“從……中獲得靈感”。故填inspiration。
解析
which have deeply influenced his distinctive writing style.Fosse’s writing discussed 5._______(theme) of loneliness，longing，and the search for meaning in life.6.____________(addition)，his battles with depression have enabled 7.____(he) to explore the depths of human emotions and existential despair.
themes
Additionally
him
5.考查名詞復數。根據句意可知，福斯的著作論述的主題有多個，因此用名詞復數。故填themes。
6.考查副詞。設空處修飾整個句子，應用副詞形式，且句首單詞的首字母大寫。故填Additionally。
7.考查代詞。設空處作動詞的賓語，應用賓格him。故填him。
解析
“He touches you so deeply when you read his works，” said Anders Olsson，Chairman of the Noble Prize Committee.“8.______ is special about him is the closeness in his writing.It touches your deepest feelings—anxieties，
What
考查主語從句。設空處引導主語從句，從句缺少主語，指物，應用what，且句首單詞的首字母大寫。故填What。
解析
insecurities，questions of life and death,9. are things that every human being actually faces from the very beginning.In that sense，
which
考查定語從句。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞“anxieties，insecurities，questions of life and death”，在從句中作主語，指物，故填which。
解析
I think he reaches very far and there is 10. universal impact of everything that he writes—it has an appeal to this basic humanity.”
考查冠詞。impact在此處表泛指，且universal是發音以輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a。
解析
a
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