資源簡介

Period 4　Using Language
Task 1：Fast reading for the structure of the text.
Skim the passage to find out the general idea of the text by filling in the chart below.
答案　1.physics　2.learning　3.achievements
4．Europe and the USA　5.character　6.loss
Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text.
1．What did Einstein do in 1905
A．He worked in the Swiss patent office.
B．He published four great physics papers.
C．He worked at a college.
D．He did part-time research.
答案　B
2．What made Einstein win the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics
A．His general theory of relativity.
B．His formula E＝mc2.
C．His four physics papers.
D．His description of the photoelectric effect.
答案　D
3．Why did Einstein leave Germany
A．To avoid being caught.
B．To work in an American university.
C．To attend an important meeting in America.
D．To meet one of the most famous scientists.
答案　A
4．Why did the writer give the example of a little girl
A．To show Einstein was a great scientist.
B．To show Einstein was a strict person.
C．To show Einstein was a friendly person.
D．To show Einstein didn’t care about fame.
答案　C
5．How does the writer develop the text
A．By time order.
B．By space order.
C．By using specific figures.
D．By analyzing cause and result.
答案　A
Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English.
1．現代物理學 modern physics
2．為……做出許多貢獻 make numerous contributions to
3．一個勇敢而善良的人 a courageous and kind figure
4．上大學 enter university
5．由于 due to
6．入學考試 the entrance exam
7．獲得優異的成績 obtain exceptional scores
8．設法做成某事 manage to do sth
9．通過考試 pass the exam
10．尋找 look for
11．出于對知識的強烈熱情 out of a strong passion for knowledge
12．獲得……的博士學位 earn a doctorate in
13．奇跡年 a miracle year
14．遍及全世界 throughout the world
15．辭去工作 quit one’s job
16．(開始)掌權；上臺 come to power
17．學術機構 academic institution
18．因此 as a consequence
19．擔任，任職 take up a position
20．在……方面取得重大成就 make great achievements in
21．被視為 be seen as
22．濃密的小胡子 a thick moustache
23．(頭發)豎立，豎起 stand on end
24．好像，似乎 as if/though
25．電擊 an electric shock
26．敲某人的門 knock on one’s door
27．請求幫助 ask for help
28．被誤認為是 be mistaken for
29．據報道 it was/is reported that
30．去世 pass away
Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences.
1．Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived.(P8 Para.1)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics是who引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Albert Einstein；who ever lived是who引導的限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the smartest men。
[漢語翻譯] 阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦——這位也許是現代物理學領域最偉大的科學家——被公認是有史以來智商最高的人之一。
2．When he was 16，he tried to enter university in Switzerland，but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam，despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics.(P8 Para.2)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，When he was 16是時間狀語從句，but連接兩個謂語動詞tried和failed，表轉折，obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics是動詞-ing形式作介詞despite的賓語。
[漢語翻譯] 16歲時，他報考瑞士的大學，盡管他在數學和物理方面取得優異的成績，但由于入學考試的通識部分分數較低，他未能如愿。
3．After studying for another year，he managed to pass the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.(P8 Para.2)
[結構分析] 此句是簡單句，studying for another year作介詞after的賓語，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900是動詞-ing形式作狀語。
[漢語翻譯] 經過又一年的學習，他終于通過了考試，于1896年進入大學，1900年畢業。
4．That same year，which was later recorded as a miracle year in science，he published four extraordinary physics papers.(P8 Para.3)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞That same year。
[漢語翻譯] 同年，他發表了四篇非同尋常的物理學論文，這一年后來被稱為科學史上的奇跡之年。
5．Following this，he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.(P8 Para.3)
[結構分析] 此句是簡單句，Following this是動詞-ing形式作狀語。
[漢語翻譯] 此后，他漸漸聞名于世，被譽為第二個艾薩克·牛頓。
6．Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany.(P8 Para.4)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，when引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞1933。
[漢語翻譯] 1933年，希特勒在德國上臺，形勢發生了變化。
7．He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(P8 Para.5)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，which引導非限制性定語從句，as though he had just received an electric shock是方式狀語從句。
[漢語翻譯] 他胡須濃密，頭發又長又白，有時會像剛遭了電擊似的豎起來。
8．There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework.(P8 Para.5)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，how引導賓語從句；who引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞a little girl。
[漢語翻譯] 甚至還有一件軼事，說的是他如何為一名上門求助的小女孩講解家庭作業。
9．In fact，Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things.(P8 Para.5)
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，who引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞people。
[漢語翻譯] 事實上，愛因斯坦經常遇到有人當街攔住他，請他解釋各種事物。
10．On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.(P9 Para.6)
[結構分析] 此句是and連接的并列復合句，第一個分句中的it是形式主語，that Einstein had passed away是真正的主語。
[漢語翻譯] 1955年4月18日，噩耗傳來，愛因斯坦與世長辭，全世界都哀悼一代科學巨星的隕落。
conclusion n．結論；推論(conclude vt.斷定；推斷出)
[教材原句P4]A：Did you come to any conclusions
B：Yes，we concluded that by drawing out the extract at a low temperature，we could find the substance that we needed to complete the experiment.
A：你們得出什么結論了嗎？
B：是的，我們得出結論：通過在低溫下提取出提取物，我們可以找到完成實驗所需的物質。
[譯林版選擇性必修第二冊 Unit 1]When we come across such factual differences，we should not rush to the conclusion that one of the news reports gives false information.
當我們發現這樣的事實性差異時，不應該急于下結論，認為其中一篇新聞報道提供了錯誤的信息。
in conclusion最后；總之 come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出結論 conclude...with sth/by doing sth 以……結束 conclude from...從……中得出結論
(1)I insist that the conclusion(conclude) he has drawn doesn’t make sense at all.
(2)The committed student in this famous academy concluded his speech with a famous saying，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”
[寫作佳句]
(3)(讀后續寫之個人成長主題句)總之，我從自己的經歷中得出了一個結論：無論發生什么事，一個人都應該堅持自己的夢想。
In conclusion，I drew a conclusion from/concluded from my own experience：One should stick to his/her dream no matter what happens.
circumstance n．[usually pl.]條件；環境；狀況
[教材原句P5]Her circumstances are beyond our control.我們無法控制她的情況。
in/under...circumstances 在……情況下 in/under no circumstances 決不；無論如何都不(置于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝)
(1)As far as I am concerned，we ought to acknowledge others’ assistance in/under any circumstances.
[寫作佳句]
(2)(讀后續寫之表決心)我一臉堅定地大聲說：“我決不放棄，直到我達到我的目標?！?倒裝句)
Wearing a determined look，I exclaimed，“In/Under no circumstances will I give up until I achieve my goal.”
come to power (開始)掌權；上臺(表示動作，不能和一段時間連用)(power n．能力；力量；權力；職權；政權；電力供應 powerful adj.強有力的；有影響力的)
[教材原句P8]Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany.1933年，希特勒在德國上臺，形勢發生了變化。
be in power掌權，執政(表示狀態，可以和一段時間連用) have the power to do sth具有做某事的能力/權力 beyond/out of one’s power超出某人的能力
(1)The politician full of passion came(come) to power three years ago.In other words，he has been(be) in power for three years.
(2)With the remarkable development of science and technology，China has become more powerful(power) than ever before.
[寫作佳句]
(3)(應用文寫作之申請信)我非常確信我有能力擔任您的助教，所以請考慮我的申請。
I am greatly convinced that I have the power to take up a position as your teaching assistant，so please take my application into consideration.
(4)(讀后續寫之情感描寫)意識到這個問題超出了我的能力范圍，我非常焦慮，眼淚順著臉頰流下來。
Sensing that the problem was beyond/out of my power，I was so anxious that tears flowed down my cheeks.
take up a position 擔任；任職
[教材原句P8]After spending time in Europe，he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA.
在歐洲度過一段時間后，他終于在美國普林斯頓高等研究院謀得研究員一職。
take up拿起；占據；開始從事；接受 take off脫下；起飛；事業騰飛；休假 take in吸收；理解；收留；欺騙 take over接管；接任 take on呈現；雇用；承擔 take down寫下，記下；拆除 take apart拆開；拆卸
(1)Since he took over the company，heavy work has almost taken up all of his time.Full of passion and hard-working，he always takes in some scientific and novel ideas to manage the company.Due to his great efforts，his career has taken off and his company has taken on a completely new look.
(2)The clever professor had no difficulty taking apart the gold watch and mended it successfully.
(3)Ever since I took up a position in the academy，I have been committed to my job.
[寫作佳句]
(4)(應用文寫作之建議信)我強烈建議你應該記下重點，而不是老師在課堂上說的每一個字。
I strongly suggest that you (should) take down the key points rather than every word the teacher says in class.
獨立主格結構
[教材原句P8]He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.
他為世界做出了無數的貢獻，最為出名的當數廣義相對論和著名的方程式E＝mc2。
[結構分析] 此句是一個簡單句，是主謂賓結構，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2是獨立主格結構，在句中作狀語。
獨立主格結構，其邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致，它獨立存在。常見的獨立主格結構有： 名詞/代詞＋現在分詞/過去分詞/不定式 名詞/代詞＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語 名詞/代詞＋名詞
(1)看到滿意的結果，女孩笑得很甜，眼里閃著興奮的光芒。
Seeing the satisfying result，the girl was smiling sweetly，her eyes sparkling with excitement.
(2)(應用文寫作之口頭通知)請注意！我們七點半在校門口集合，水果采摘活動將于8點整開始。
Attention，please！We shall get together at 7：30 at the school gate，the fruit-picking activity to start at 8 sharp.
(3)每天下午，一個背著一大擔柴火的老婦人都會從那間老房子前蹣跚地走過。
Every afternoon，a very old woman hobbled past the old house，a vast load of firewood on her back.
(4)她絕望地坐在地板上，緊緊地閉上眼睛，雙手抱著頭。
She sat on the floor in despair and closed her eyes tightly，her head buried in her hands.
(5)(讀后續寫之動作鏈描寫)下課了，興奮的學生們站起來，抓起書包，像箭一樣沖出教室。
Class over，the excited students rose to their feet，grabbed their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like an arrow.
狀語從句的省略
[教材原句P8]While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
工作期間，出于強烈的求知欲，他仍繼續學習，于1905年獲得物理學博士學位。
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，While working there是狀語從句的省略結構，完整句為While he was working there；earning a doctorate in physics in 1905是動詞-ing形式作狀語。
狀語從句的省略條件： 當when，while，before，if，unless，as if等詞引導的狀語從句中的主語與主句主語一致或狀語從句中的主語為it且謂語中含be動詞時，可同時省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞。 省略句中非謂語的選用要根據動詞和主語的關系：主動關系用現在分詞；被動關系用過去分詞；尚未發生用不定式。
(1)(讀后續寫之恐懼片段描寫)當想到狼的血盆大口時，馬克因害怕幾乎昏厥。盡管嚇得要死，馬克掙扎著爬起來，拼盡全力把自行車扔向狼。
When thinking of the wolf’s bloody mouth，Mac nearly fainted with fright.Though frightened/scared to death，Mac struggled to crawl up and threw his bicycle at the wolf with all his strength.
(2)當有必要時，你可以向慷慨的教授尋求指導。
When necessary，you can turn to the generous professor for guidance.
(3)他張開嘴好像要說些什么，但是他搖了搖頭，什么也沒說就離開了。
He opened his mouth as if to say something，but he shook his head and left without a word.
(4)(應用文寫作之求助信)如果可能的話，你能討論一下解決當前社會問題的文學作品嗎？
If possible，could you discuss literary pieces that address current social problems
“find＋賓語＋賓補”結構
[教材原句P8]Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.身為猶太人，愛因斯坦發現學術機構紛紛對他關上大門。
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，主句中含有“find＋賓語＋賓補”結構，意為“發現……處于……狀態”，who was Jewish是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Einstein。
“find＋賓語＋賓補”結構的具體用法如下： find＋賓語(名詞/代詞)＋賓補 find＋it＋adj.＋不定式
(1)(讀后續寫之恐懼心理描寫)環顧四周，簡發現她自己在陌生的樹林里迷路了。她發現她的腿止不住地顫抖，她嚇得直冒冷汗。同時她發現很難走出樹林，最終，她控制不住自己，大聲哭了起來。
Looking around，Jane found herself lost in the unfamiliar forest.She found her legs trembling uncontrollably and she was breaking out in a cold sweat.Meanwhile，she found it difficult/hard to walk out of the forest and finally，she couldn’t contain herself and burst out crying.
(2)(2021·新課標Ⅰ，讀后續寫)爸爸發現廚房混亂不堪，發現雙胞胎既失望又沮喪。知道他們想做什么之后，他主動提出幫助他們做美味的早餐。
The father found the kitchen in a mess/messy and the twins disappointed and upset.After learning what they wanted to do，he offered to help them cook a delicious breakfast.
(3)(2023·北京，書面表達)我的確希望你會覺得以上建議在構建“綠色北京”方面有用。
I do hope that you can find the above suggestions useful/of use in building a “Green Beijing”．
(4)我們上氣不接下氣地加快腳步向她家走去，但發現她不在家。
We quickened our steps to her house，out of breath，but we found her out.
Ⅰ.品句猜詞
1．There is no doubt that the country encourages the flow of goods and services to faraway areas.n.供應
2．Using the flow chart①，he carefully charted② what had changed over a period of three months.①n.圖表?、趘t.記錄
3．I discovered a novel way to deal with the challenging problem.adj.新穎的
Ⅱ.單詞拼寫
1．Founded in 1990，the academy has expanded into an international one through great efforts.
2．The young man with a moustache is a genius at organizing people and thus，he is perfectly equal to the position.
3．Under no circumstances can you give up and sooner or later，you will make extraordinary achievements.
4．It can be inferred(推斷) from his words that he has fully understood the flow chart.
5．I encountered(偶然碰到) my former English teacher on the street and I was too excited to speak a word.
Ⅲ.單句語法填空
1．By combining theory with practice，I hold the strong belief that our company will become powerful(power) in the near future.
2．Learning that I was taken in by his clever words，I boiled with extreme anger.
3．He took up a position in the institute of technology last month and being a passionate(passion) young man，he can perform his duties wonderfully.
4．I am writing to congratulate the professor who has made remarkable(remark) achievements in his career.
5．Basing our analyses on enough scientific experiments，we can safely come to a final conclusion(conclude)．
6．The warm-hearted politician gently(gentle) patted me on the shoulder，encouraging me not to drop out of the club halfway.
7．I gradually understood his political(politics) beliefs and I supported him heart and soul.
8．Global warming and the consequent(consequence) climate change affect us all.
9．Now that you have a passion for physiology，you can choose to be a doctor in the future.
10．The novelist missed his daughter very much，who was studying abroad，and tears flowed(flow) down his cheeks.
Ⅳ.課文語法填空
Albert Einstein，perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.At the age of 17，he 1.was admitted(admit) to the university in 1896 and graduated four years later.After he graduated，Einstein first worked as a clerk in the Swiss patent office.While working there，he went on studying，2.earning(earn) a doctorate in physics in 1905.That same year，he published four extraordinary physics 3.papers(paper) and gradually became world-famous.In 1922，he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his 4.explanation(explain) of the photoelectric effect.When Hitler came to power in Germany，Einstein,5.who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.6.Consequently(consequence)，he had to flee Germany and then came to the USA and took up a position as 7.a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.8.While/Though/Although he was a genius，he sometimes forgot things，like his friends’ birthdays.But despite 9.his(he) strange behavior，he was loved by his friends and neighbors.Einstein passed away on 18 April 1955，and it was reported that the whole world 10.mourned(mourn) the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
作業4　Using Language
[分值：82.5分]
Ⅰ.短語填空(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)
1．He is devoted to studying with the objective of entering university(上大學)．
2．The professor，who is seen as(被視為) our friend，has a gentle personality.
3．All the soldiers anxiously searched the hill，looking for(尋找) the lost girl.
4．After quitting his job(辭去工作)，the man took up a position in another international firm in Shanghai.
5．Although he encountered many hardships，he finally managed to(設法做成) achieve his original goal.
6．Over the past two weeks，he has been putting his heart into analyzing every math problem，hoping to pass the exam(通過考試)．
7．The world-famous doctor passed away(去世) last Sunday and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant doctor.
8．To sum up，it is because he has made numerous contributions to(為……做出許多貢獻) the society in the past few years that he is admired by Chinese people.
Ⅱ.主題微寫作——杰出人物(滿分15分)
1．李時珍，1518年7月3日出生于湖北省，是中國最杰出的醫學家之一。(who引導的非限制性定語從句)
Li Shizhen，who was born in Hubei Province on July 3,1518，was one of the most outstanding medical scientists in China.
2．受家庭的影響，他發現自己迷上了醫學。 (find＋賓語＋賓補)
Influenced by his family，he found himself crazy about medicine.
3．時間允許的話，他致力于閱讀無數關于醫學的書籍。(獨立主格結構)
Time permitting，he was committed to reading countless books about medicine.
4．在試驗新藥時，他會勇敢地在自己身上做實驗。(狀語從句的省略)
When/While testing new medicine，he would bravely do experiments on himself.
5．他仔細記下各種草藥的每一個細節，最終創造了偉大的作品《本草綱目》，這是一部中草藥的集合。(非限制性定語從句)
He carefully took down every detail of various herbs and finally created the great work Compendium of Materia Medica，which is a collection of Chinese herbs.
組句成篇　以上句子可以加上過渡詞語和其他聯想內容組成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)
A
(2024·浙江慈溪高二上期末)
Most of you are probably familiar with various stories of searching alien life，but have you heard about the scientist who proposed detecting the first traces of intelligent life lurking throughout our galaxy This is Frank Drake’s story.
At the age of 8，his father one day told Drake there are other worlds in space，which astounded him.He had no idea that such a thing was a possibility—he thought Earth was it.So he wondered，what are they like Are the people the same as us Do they look the same way we do What’s their planet like And of course，at that time，there was no way that those questions could be answered in the slightest.
Later on，when he was in college，he chose the elementary astronomy course.In the course，he went to the campus observatory，and one of the things he observed was the planet Jupiter.Even through a small telescope，it was just very clear that it was another world but not a picture in a book or something，which made Drake deeply absorbed.Frank Drake is mostly known for developing the Drake equation(德雷克方程式)，which is a mathematical equation developed to estimate the number of detectable alien civilizations in the Milky Way.
People always say that the search for alien life has failed.“You’ve been searching for 60 years and you haven’t found anything.So doesn’t that say that intelligent life is very rare？” “That’s wrong，because the amount of searching we’ve done has hardly touched the number of possibilities that are out there.We’ve only covered a tiny，tiny fraction of all the possibilities，” Drake said.“When you spend your entire life on the things you love，you live a better life than most people，” he added.
語篇解讀　這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了提議探測隱藏在銀河系中的智能生命蹤跡的科學家Frank Drake。
1．What does the underlined word “astounded” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Touched. B．Motivated.
C．Puzzled. D．Amazed.
答案　D
解析　詞義猜測題。由畫線詞后的“He had no idea that such a thing was a possibility—he thought Earth was it.”可推測，Drake在8歲的時候不知道除地球以外還有其他星球，所以當爸爸告訴他的時候，他大吃一驚，所以猜測畫線詞表示“使吃驚”。故選D。
2．What made Drake really fascinated with astronomy
A．His observation of the Jupiter through a telescope.
B．His success in developing the famous Drake equation.
C．His knowing of the fact that there are other worlds in space.
D．His choice of the elementary astronomy course in college.
答案　A
解析　細節理解題。由文章第三段中“...one of the things he observed was the planet Jupiter.Even through a small telescope...which made Drake deeply absorbed.”可知，Drake通過望遠鏡對木星的觀測使他對天文學非常著迷。故選A。
3．What does Drake think of the alien searching work
A．It is totally a failure.
B．The alien life is rare.
C．It has a long way to go.
D．There are limited possibilities.
答案　C
解析　推理判斷題。由文章第四段中“...the amount of searching we’ve done has hardly touched the number of possibilities that are out there.We’ve only covered a tiny，tiny fraction of all the possibilities”可推知，Drake認為搜尋外星人的工作還有很長的路要走。故選C。
4．Which words can best describe Drake
A．Curious and brave.
B．Creative and intelligent.
C．Talented and diligent.
D．Passionate and persistent.
答案　D
解析　推理判斷題。由文章第四段中“When you spend your entire life on the things you love，you live a better life than most people”可知，Drake對自己的工作熱情而執著。故選D。
B (此篇精讀)
John D．Rockefeller was America’s first billionaire who founded Standard Oil Company in 1870，which eventually became a giant in the oil industry.Rockefeller’s leadership in Standard Oil brought him great wealth as well as unfavorable opinions，as many opposed Rockefeller’s business practices.Though many were critical of Rockefeller，few could devalue his philanthropic(慈善的) efforts，which led him to donate $540 million (more than $5 billion today) during his lifetime to charity causes.
Though a billionaire，Rockefeller lived a relatively simple life，rarely attending the theater or other events typically attended by his peers.Since childhood，he had been told to give to charity and Rockefeller had routinely done so.However，Rockefeller’s enormous wealth and success made him a target of journalists，reform politicians and others who viewed him as a symbol of greed and criticized the methods with which he’d built his kingdom.With a damaged public image to improve，Rockefeller began to give away millions of dollars.
In 1896,57-year-old Rockefeller turned over the day-to-day leadership of Standard Oil though he held the title of president until 1911，and began to focus on philanthropy.He had already contributed to the establishment of the University of Chicago in 1890，giving $35 million over the course of 20 years.
While doing so，Rockefeller also founded the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research (now Rockefeller University) in New York in 1901.Within their laboratories，causes，cures，and various manners of prevention of diseases were discovered，including the cure for meningitis(腦膜炎) and the identification of DNA as the central genetic matter.
A year later，Rockefeller established the General Education Board.In its 63 years of operation，it distributed $325 million to American schools and colleges.In 1913，Rockefeller created the Rockefeller Foundation，with his son John Jr.as president to foster the well-being of men and women around the world.Through John D．Rockefeller’s philanthropic acts，the oil titan educated and saved an untold number of lives and aided medical and scientific advancement.
5．What do we know about Rockefeller from the first paragraph
A．He established one of the first oil companies in America.
B．He only received positive opinions for his charity causes.
C．He gained the leadership against all the opposition.
D．He contributed a considerable amount of money to charity.
答案　D
解析　細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Though many were critical of Rockefeller，few could devalue his philanthropic(慈善的) efforts，which led him donate $540 million (more than $5 billion today) during his lifetime to charity causes.”可知，洛克菲勒為慈善事業捐了一大筆錢。故選D。
6．Why did Rockefeller make large donations
A．To earn himself a good reputation.
B．To practice his charity routine.
C．To prove his innocence.
D．To learn from his peers.
答案　A
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句“With a damaged public image to improve，Rockefeller began to give away millions of dollars.”可知，他進行大數目捐贈的原因是要改善受損的公眾形象，建立良好的口碑。故選A。
7．What does the author think of Rockefeller’s charity efforts
A．Enjoyable. B．Worthy.
C．Clever. D．Creative.
答案　B
解析　觀點態度題。根據倒數第二段中的“Within their laboratories...the central genetic matter.”和最后一段中的“Through John D．Rockefeller’s philanthropic acts，the oil titan educated and saved an untold number of lives and aided medical and scientific advancement.”可推知，作者認為洛克菲勒的慈善事業是有價值的。故選B。
8．Which is the best title for the text
A．Rockefeller：A Blessing to the World
B．Rockefeller：A Billionaire of Generosity
C．Rockefeller：A Complicated Businessman
D．Rockefeller：The First American Billionaire
答案　B
解析　標題歸納題。綜合全文內容可知，文章主要介紹了洛克菲勒的慈善事業及其對后世的影響。由此可知，B選項“洛克菲勒：一位慷慨的億萬富翁”是本文的最佳標題。故選B。
[詞匯積累] 1．unfavorable(派)＝un＋favor＋able adj.不利的 2．cause熟義：v.引起；導致 生義(文義)：n.事業 3．distributed...to...把……分發到…… 4．foster v．促進；培養 [句式分析] Though many were critical of Rockefeller，few could devalue his philanthropic(慈善的) efforts，which led him to donate $540 million (more than $5 billion today) during his lifetime to charity causes. 分析：此句為復合句。though引導讓步狀語從句，which引導非限制性定語從句。 翻譯：雖然很多人對洛克菲勒持批評態度，但很少有人能貶低他對慈善事業所做的努力，這使他一生中向慈善事業捐贈了5.4億美元(相當于今天的50多億美元)。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
Scientists test their hypothesis(假設) either through experiment or field work and the process is filled with changes.
Carry out experiments.
　　 1 You make a simpler-scale or smaller-scale version of the part of the real world you want to study.In an experiment，a scientist tries to look at how just one thing affects the subject they are working on.The difficult part is creating an environment in which only that one thing changes.That is why scientists use test tubes，and other small，enclosed settings for their experiment. 2
Conduct field work.
In field work，a scientist goes into an uncontrolled environment，a specific place in the world，and records exactly what is observed there at the time. 3 So field work is almost always new and original.The difficult part with field work is that while you are recording your observations，you must make sure that you yourself are not interfering(干涉) with your subject simply by being there.For instance，you cannot count birds in a tree if you scare any away.
　4　
Scientists are like detectives—they try to solve mysteries.Experiments are part of scientists’ detective kit.When you want to prove a theory true or false，create an experiment that will test one thing you can observe.You have an idea that if you set up a controlled situation and purposely change only one thing，this change will cause something else to happen. 5 If your change causes something else to happen，this “something else” is called the responding variable，because it is responding to the change.
A．Create variables.
B．Watch the process.
C．You are studying a unique situation every time.
D．It is much easier to control things in such environments.
E．And the thing you purposely change is called the changing variable.
F．You focus your attention on just a few things，instead of on everything.
G．Experimental observations are made in a controlled environment that you create.
1．答案　G
解析　根據下文“You make a simpler-scale or smaller-scale version of the part of the real world you want to study.In an experiment，a scientist tries to look at how just one thing affects the subject they are working on...and other small，enclosed settings for their experiment.”可知，科學家們會根據自己研究的課題，通過在實驗室里創建一個自己能夠控制的，比要研究的現實世界更簡單或更小的環境來開展實驗；G選項“Experimental observations are made in a controlled environment that you create.”符合語境。故選G。
2．答案　D
解析　上文“The difficult part is creating an environment in which only that one thing changes.That is why scientists use test tubes，and other small，enclosed settings for their experiment.”說明做實驗中最困難部分是創造一個只改變一件事的環境，因此科學家們在他們的實驗中使用試管和其他小的、封閉的環境；D選項“It is much easier to control things in such environments.”承接上文，指出科學家們在實驗中使用試管和其他小的、封閉的環境能夠讓事情更容易控制，符合語境；代詞“It”指代上文中的“use test tubes，and other small，enclosed settings for their experiment”。故選D。
3．答案　C
解析　上文“In field work，a scientist goes into an uncontrolled environment，a specific place in the world，and records exactly what is observed there at the time.”可知，在實地工作中，科學家進入一個不受控制的環境，記錄在一個特定的地方當時觀察到的東西，因此，每次研究的情況都是不同的，獨特的；C選項“You are studying a unique situation every time.”符合語境，且與下文“So field work is almost always new and original.”構成因果關系。故選C。
4．答案　A
解析　設空處為段落小標題；根據下文“When you want to prove a theory true or false，create an experiment that will test one thing you can observe.You have an idea that if you set up a controlled situation and purposely change only one thing，this change will cause something else to happen.”以及“If your change causes something else to happen，this ‘something else’ is called the responding variable，because it is responding to the change.”可知，本段主要闡述科學家通過創建變量來證明一個理論是對還是錯；A選項“Create variables.”能夠概括本段主旨，適合作為小標題。故選A。
5．答案　E
解析　上文“You have an idea that if you set up a controlled situation and purposely change only one thing，this change will cause something else to happen.”說明科學家想證明一個理論是對還是錯時，會在一個設置好的環境中故意只改變一件事，而這個改變會導致其他事情的發生；E選項承接上文，告訴讀者科學家故意改變的東西就是“變化變量”；下文“If your change causes something else to happen，this ‘something else’ is called the responding variable，because it is responding to the change.”介紹了由于改變而導致發生的其他事情則是“響應變量”。由此可知，E選項符合語境。故選E。
Ⅴ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
Zu Chongzhi was a famous and remarkable mathematician and scientist in ancient China.He lived in the Northern and Southern Dynasties.When he was young，he had 1. broad range of interests，such as 2. (nature) science and philosophy.And he was interested in mathematics，astronomy and machinery.The achievement Zu Chongzhi made in the calculation(計算) of the value of pi has been 3. (international) acknowledged.
Liu Hui，a mathematician in the Wei and Jin Dynasties，proposed a way 4. (work) out the value of pi—the cyclotomic method(割圓術)．Based on the earlier research，Zu Chongzhi came to the conclusion that the value of pi falls between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927 after more than 1,000 5. (time) of calculation.He also 6. (come) up with the viewpoint that the approximate value of pi is 355/113，which is called “milü”．It boosted the calculation of pi to a new phase.It was more than 1,000 years before the Western mathematicians calculated the same value.Thus the value of pi is also called “zulü” 7. memory of him.
Besides the achievement in mathematics，he wrote the book Zhui Shu,8. gathered his accomplishments in mathematics and 9. (take) as a teaching material during the Tang Dynasty.And he also made a great 10. (contribute) to astronomy and machinery.
1．答案　a
解析　考查冠詞。a range of表示“各種各樣的……”，符合句意，故填a。
2．答案　natural
解析　考查形容詞。根據science可知，此處要用形容詞作定語。故填natural。
3．答案　internationally
解析　考查副詞。設空處修飾has been acknowledged，應用副詞作狀語，故填internationally。
4．答案　to work
解析　考查動詞不定式。way意為“方法”時后用動詞不定式作后置定語，故填to work。
5．答案　times
解析　考查名詞復數。此處的time意為“次”，是可數名詞，由“more than 1,000”可知應用復數形式。故填times。
6．答案　came
解析　考查動詞時態。這里描述的是過去發生的動作，所以要用一般過去時。故填came。
7．答案　in
解析　考查介詞。in memory of意為“為紀念……”。故填in。
8．答案　which
解析　考查定語從句。逗號前主謂賓結構完整，空后是動詞gathered，且由語境可知動詞gathered的主語即空前的名詞Zhui Shu，所以設空處引導非限制性定語從句，關系詞在定語從句中作主語，指物，故填which。
9．答案　was taken
解析　考查動詞時態、語態和主謂一致。分析句子可知，在which引導的定語從句中，and連接兩個并列的謂語(即設空處與前面的gathered)，關系詞which指代先行詞Zhui Shu在從句中作主語，和動詞take之間是被動關系，結合during the Tang Dynasty可知句子描述的是過去發生的事情，所以要用一般過去時的被動語態，主語表示單數意義，be動詞用was。故填was taken。
10．答案　contribution
解析　考查名詞。make a great contribution to意為“對……做出巨大貢獻”，故填contribution。(共104張PPT)
Period 4
Using Language
People of achievement
Unit 1
內容索引
Step 1　課文深度理解
Step 2　語言知識梳理
Step 3　基礎達標檢測
作業4
課文深度理解
He is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern 1.________ and made great contributions to the world.
Task 1：Fast reading for the structure of the text.
Skim the passage to find out the general idea of the text by filling in the chart below.
THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
Para.l：The evaluation of Einstein
physics
Para.2:His birth and 2._________ experience
Paras.2-6：The whole life of Einstein
learning
Para.3:His work experience and main
3._____________
achievements
Para.4:His life in 4.____________________
Europe and the USA
Para.5:His appearance and personal 5._________
character
Para.6:His death is the great 6._____
loss
Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text.
1.What did Einstein do in 1905
A.He worked in the Swiss patent office.
B.He published four great physics papers.
C.He worked at a college.
D.He did part-time research.
√
2.What made Einstein win the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics
A.His general theory of relativity.
B.His formula E＝mc2.
C.His four physics papers.
D.His description of the photoelectric effect.
√
3.Why did Einstein leave Germany
A.To avoid being caught.
B.To work in an American university.
C.To attend an important meeting in America.
D.To meet one of the most famous scientists.
√
4.Why did the writer give the example of a little girl
A.To show Einstein was a great scientist.
B.To show Einstein was a strict person.
C.To show Einstein was a friendly person.
D.To show Einstein didn’t care about fame.
√
5.How does the writer develop the text
A.By time order.
B.By space order.
C.By using specific figures.
D.By analyzing cause and result.
√
Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English.
1.現代物理學
2.為……做出許多貢獻
3.一個勇敢而善良的人
4.上大學
5.由于
6.入學考試
7.獲得優異的成績
8.設法做成某事
_______________
_____________________________
__________________________
_______________
_______
_________________
_______________________
________________
modern physics
make numerous contributions to
a courageous and kind figure
enter university
due to
the entrance exam
obtain exceptional scores
manage to do sth
9.通過考試
10.尋找
11.出于對知識的強烈熱情
12.獲得……的博士學位
13.奇跡年
14.遍及全世界
15.辭去工作
16.(開始)掌權；上臺
17.學術機構
_____________
________
_________________________________
_________________
_____________
___________________
_____________
______________
__________________
pass the exam
look for
out of a strong passion for knowledge
earn a doctorate in
a miracle year
throughout the world
quit one’s job
come to power
academic institution
18.因此
19.擔任，任職
20.在……方面取得重大成就
21.被視為
22.濃密的小胡子
23.(頭發)豎立，豎起
24.好像，似乎
25.電擊
26.敲某人的門
________________
________________
_________________________
_________
_________________
____________
___________
________________
__________________
as a consequence
take up a position
make great achievements in
be seen as
a thick moustache
stand on end
as if/though
an electric shock
knock on one’s door
27.請求幫助
28.被誤認為是
29.據報道
30.去世
_____________
______________
____________________
__________
ask for help
be mistaken for
it was/is reported that
pass away
Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences.
1.Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived.(P8 Para.1)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics是who引導的_____________從句，修飾先行詞Albert Einstein；who ever lived是who引導的___________從句，修飾先行詞the smartest men。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復合
非限制性定語
限制性定語
阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦——這位也許是現代物理學領域最偉大的科學家——被公認是有史以來智商最高的人之一。
2.When he was 16，he tried to enter university in Switzerland，but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam，despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics.(P8 Para.2)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，When he was 16是_________從句，but連接兩個謂語動詞_____和_____，表轉折，obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics是動詞-ing形式作介詞despite的_____。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復合
時間狀語
tried
failed
賓語
16歲時，他報考瑞士的大學，盡管他在數學和物理方面取得優異的成績，但由于入學考試的通識部分分數較低，他未能如愿。
3.After studying for another year，he managed to pass the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.(P8 Para.2)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，studying for another year作介詞after的____，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900是動詞-ing形式作____。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
簡單
賓語
狀語
經過又一年的學習，他終于通過了考試，于1896年進入大學，1900年畢業。
4.That same year，which was later recorded as a miracle year in science，he published four extraordinary physics papers.(P8 Para.3)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，which引導____________從句，修飾先行詞That same year。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復合
非限制性定語
同年，他發表了四篇非同尋常的物理學論文，這一年后來被稱為科學史上的奇跡之年。
5.Following this，he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.(P8 Para.3)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，Following this是動詞-ing形式作_____。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
6.Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany.(P8 Para.4)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，when引導_______________從句，修飾先行詞1933。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
簡單
狀語
此后，他漸漸聞名于世，被譽為第二個艾薩克·牛頓。
復合
非限制性定語
1933年，希特勒在德國上臺，形勢發生了變化。
7.He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(P8 Para.5)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，which引導_____________從句，as though he had just received an electric shock是__________從句。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
復合
非限制性定語
方式狀語
他胡須濃密，頭發又長又白，有時會像剛遭了電擊似的豎起來。
8.There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework.(P8 Para.5)
[結構分析] 此句是_____句，how引導_____從句；who引導___________從句，修飾先行詞a little girl。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復合
賓語
甚至還有一件軼事，說的是他如何為一名上門求助的小女孩講解家庭作業。
限制性定語
9.In fact，Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things.(P8 Para.5)
[結構分析] 此句是_______句，who引導_____________從句，修飾先行詞people。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
復合
限制性定語
事實上，愛因斯坦經常遇到有人當街攔住他，請他解釋各種事物。
10.On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.(P9 Para.6)
[結構分析] 此句是and連接的_________句，第一個分句中的it是_______
___，that Einstein had passed away是真正的主語。
[漢語翻譯] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
返 回
并列復合
形式主
1955年4月18日，噩耗傳來，愛因斯坦與世長辭，全世界都哀悼一代科學巨星的隕落。
語
語言知識梳理
n.結論；推論(conclude vt.斷定；推斷出)
[教材原句P4] A：Did you come to any conclusions
B：Yes，we concluded that by drawing out the extract at a low temperature，we could find the substance that we needed to complete the experiment.
A：你們得出什么結論了嗎？
B：是的，我們得出結論：通過在低溫下提取出提取物，我們可以找到完成實驗所需的物質。
1
conclusion
[譯林版選擇性必修第二冊 Unit 1] When we come across such factual differences，we should not rush to the conclusion that one of the news reports gives false information.
當我們發現這樣的事實性差異時，不應該急于下結論，認為其中一篇新聞報道提供了錯誤的信息。
·in conclusion最后；總之
come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出結論
·conclude...with sth/by doing sth以……結束
conclude from...從……中得出結論
(1)I insist that the __________(conclude) he has drawn doesn’t make sense at all.
(2)The committed student in this famous academy concluded his speech _____ a famous saying，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”
conclusion
with
(3)(讀后續寫之個人成長主題句)總之，我從自己的經歷中得出了一個結論：無論發生什么事，一個人都應該堅持自己的夢想。
______________ ，I_____________________________________
___________________：One should stick to his/her dream no matter what happens.
In conclusion
寫作佳句
drew a conclusion from/ concluded from
my own experience
n.[usually pl.]條件；環境；狀況
2
circumstance
[教材原句P5] Her circumstances are beyond our control.我們無法控制她的情況。
in/under...circumstances 在……情況下
in/under no circumstances 決不；無論如何都不(置于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝)
(1)As far as I am concerned，we ought to acknowledge others’ assistance _________ any circumstances.
in/under
(2)(讀后續寫之表決心)我一臉堅定地大聲說：“我決不放棄，直到我達到我的目標。”(倒裝句)
Wearing a determined look，I exclaimed，“________________
_________________________ until I achieve my goal.”
寫作佳句
In/Under no
circumstances will I give up
(開始)掌權；上臺(表示動作，不能和一段時間連用)(power n.能力；力量；權力；職權；政權；電力供應 powerful adj.強有力的；有影響力的)
come to power
3
[教材原句P8] Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany.1933年，希特勒在德國上臺，形勢發生了變化。
be in power掌權，執政(表示狀態，可以和一段時間連用)
have the power to do sth具有做某事的能力/權力
beyond/out of one’s power超出某人的能力
(1)The politician full of passion ______(come) to power three years ago.In other words，he ________(be) in power for three years.
(2)With the remarkable development of science and technology，China has become _______________(power) than ever before.
came
has been
more powerful
(3)(應用文寫作之申請信)我非常確信我有能力擔任您的助教，所以請考慮我的申請。
I am greatly convinced that ___________________ take up a position as your teaching assistant，so please take my application into consideration.
I have the power to
寫作佳句
(4)(讀后續寫之情感描寫)意識到這個問題超出了我的能力范圍，我非常焦慮，眼淚順著臉頰流下來。
Sensing that _____________________________________，I was so anxious that tears flowed down my cheeks.
the problem was beyond/out of my power
擔任；任職
take up a position
4
[教材原句P8] After spending time in Europe，he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA.
在歐洲度過一段時間后，他終于在美國普林斯頓高等研究院謀得研究員一職。
take up拿起；占據；開始從事；接受
take off脫下；起飛；事業騰飛；休假
take in吸收；理解；收留；欺騙
take over接管；接任
take on呈現；雇用；承擔
take down寫下，記下；拆除
take apart拆開；拆卸
(1)Since he took _____ the company，heavy work has almost taken ____ all of his time.Full of passion and hard-working，he always takes ___ some scientific and novel ideas to manage the company.Due to his great efforts，his career has taken _____ and his company has taken ___ a completely new look.
(2)The clever professor had no difficulty taking ______ the gold watch and mended it successfully.
(3)Ever since I took ____ a position in the academy，I have been committed to my job.
over
up
in
off
on
apart
up
(4)(應用文寫作之建議信)我強烈建議你應該記下重點，而不是老師在課堂上說的每一個字。
I strongly suggest that ___________________________________ rather than every word the teacher says in class.
you (should) take down the key points
寫作佳句
[教材原句P8] He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.
他為世界做出了無數的貢獻，最為出名的當數廣義相對論和著名的方程式E＝mc2。
[結構分析] 此句是一個簡單句，是主謂賓結構，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2是獨立主格結構，在句中作狀語。
5
獨立主格結構
獨立主格結構，其邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致，它獨立存在。常見的獨立主格結構有：
·名詞/代詞＋現在分詞/過去分詞/不定式
·名詞/代詞＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語
·名詞/代詞＋名詞
(1)看到滿意的結果，女孩笑得很甜，眼里閃著興奮的光芒。
Seeing the satisfying result，the girl was smiling sweetly，_____________
________________________.
her eyes
sparkling with excitement
(2)(應用文寫作之口頭通知)請注意！我們七點半在校門口集合，水果采摘活動將于8點整開始。
Attention，please！We shall get together at 7：30 at the school gate，______________________________________.
(3)每天下午，一個背著一大擔柴火的老婦人都會從那間老房子前蹣跚地走過。
Every afternoon，a very old woman hobbled past the old house，______
__________________________.
the fruit-picking activity to start at 8 sharp
a vast
load of firewood on her back
(4)她絕望地坐在地板上，緊緊地閉上眼睛，雙手抱著頭。
She sat on the floor in despair and closed her eyes tightly，____________
__________________.
(5)(讀后續寫之動作鏈描寫)下課了，興奮的學生們站起來，抓起書包，像箭一樣沖出教室。
__________，the excited students rose to their feet，grabbed their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like an arrow.
her head
buried in her hands
Class over
[教材原句P8] While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
工作期間，出于強烈的求知欲，他仍繼續學習，于1905年獲得物理學博士學位。
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，While working there是狀語從句的省略結構，完整句為While he was working there；earning a doctorate in physics in 1905是動詞-ing形式作狀語。
6
狀語從句的省略
狀語從句的省略條件：
·當when，while，before，if，unless，as if等詞引導的狀語從句中的主
語與主句主語一致或狀語從句中的主語為it且謂語中含be動詞時，可
同時省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞。
·省略句中非謂語的選用要根據動詞和主語的關系：主動關系用現在分
詞；被動關系用過去分詞；尚未發生用不定式。
(1)(讀后續寫之恐懼片段描寫)當想到狼的血盆大口時，馬克因害怕幾乎昏厥。盡管嚇得要死，馬克掙扎著爬起來，拼盡全力把自行車扔向狼。
When _________________________________，Mac nearly fainted with fright.Though _________________________，Mac struggled to crawl up and threw his bicycle at the wolf with all his strength.
(2)當有必要時，你可以向慷慨的教授尋求指導。
_______________，you can turn to the generous professor for guidance.
(3)他張開嘴好像要說些什么，但是他搖了搖頭，什么也沒說就離開了。
He opened his mouth as if ________________，but he shook his head and left without a word.
thinking of the wolf’s bloody mouth
frightened/scared to death
When necessary
to say something
(4)(應用文寫作之求助信)如果可能的話，你能討論一下解決當前社會問題的文學作品嗎？
__________，could you discuss literary pieces that address current social problems
If possible
[教材原句P8] Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.身為猶太人，愛因斯坦發現學術機構紛紛對他關上大門。
[結構分析] 此句是復合句，主句中含有“find＋賓語＋賓補”結構，意為“發現……處于……狀態”，who was Jewish是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Einstein。
7
“find＋賓語＋賓補”結構
“find＋賓語＋賓補”結構的具體用法如下：
·find＋賓語(名詞/代詞)＋賓補
·find＋it＋adj.＋不定式
過去分詞(表示被動或動作已經完成)
現在分詞(表示主動或動作正在進行)
形容詞/副詞
介詞短語
不定式
(1)(讀后續寫之恐懼心理描寫)環顧四周，簡發現她自己在陌生的樹林里迷路了。她發現她的腿止不住地顫抖，她嚇得直冒冷汗。同時她發現很難走出樹林，最終，她控制不住自己，大聲哭了起來。
Looking around，Jane found herself ___________________________.She found her legs ________________________ and she was breaking out in a cold sweat.Meanwhile，she found _____________________________________ and finally，she couldn’t contain herself and burst out crying.
lost in the unfamiliar forest
trembling uncontrollably
it difficult/hard to walk out of the forest
(2)(2021·新課標Ⅰ，讀后續寫)爸爸發現廚房混亂不堪，發現雙胞胎既失望又沮喪。知道他們想做什么之后，他主動提出幫助他們做美味的早餐。
The father found the kitchen ______________ and the twins ___________
__________.After learning what they wanted to do，he offered to help them cook a delicious breakfast.
(3)(2023·北京，書面表達)我的確希望你會覺得以上建議在構建“綠色北京”方面有用。
I do hope that you can find __________________________________ in building a “Green Beijing”.
in a mess/messy
disappointed
and upset
the above suggestions useful/of use
(4)我們上氣不接下氣地加快腳步向她家走去，但發現她不在家。
We quickened our steps to her house，out of breath，but we ______________.
found her out
返 回
基礎達標檢測
1.There is no doubt that the country encourages the flow of goods and services to faraway areas. 　　 _______
2.Using the flow chart①，he carefully charted② what had changed over a period of three months. ①________?、赺_______
3.I discovered a novel way to deal with the challenging problem.
__________
n.供應
Ⅰ.品句猜詞
n.圖表
vt.記錄
adj.新穎的
1.__________ in 1990，the academy has expanded into an international one through great efforts.
2.The young man with a moustache is a _______ at organizing people and thus，he is perfectly equal to the position.
3.Under no _______________ can you give up and sooner or later，you will make extraordinary achievements.
4.It can be _________(推斷) from his words that he has fully understood
the flow chart.
Founded
Ⅱ.單詞拼寫
genius
circumstances
inferred
5.I ___________(偶然碰到) my former English teacher on the street and I was too excited to speak a word.
encountered
1.By combining theory with practice，I hold the strong belief that our company will become __________(power) in the near future.
2.Learning that I was taken ____ by his clever words，I boiled with extreme anger.
3.He took up a position in the institute of technology last month and being a _________(passion) young man，he can perform his duties wonderfully.
4.I am writing to congratulate the professor who has made ____________
(remark) achievements in his career.
powerful
Ⅲ.單句語法填空
in
passionate
remarkable
5.Basing our analyses on enough scientific experiments，we can safely come to a final ___________(conclude).
6.The warm-hearted politician _______(gentle) patted me on the shoulder，encouraging me not to drop out of the club halfway.
7.I gradually understood his _________(politics) beliefs and I supported him heart and soul.
8.Global warming and the ____________(consequence) climate change affect us all.
conclusion
gently
political
consequent
9.Now that you have a passion _____ physiology，you can choose to be a doctor in the future.
10.The novelist missed his daughter very much，who was studying abroad，and tears _______(flow) down his cheeks.
for
flowed
Albert Einstein，perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.At the age of 17，he 1.________
_________(admit) to the university in 1896 and graduated four years later.After he graduated，Einstein first worked as a clerk in the Swiss patent office.While working there，he went on studying，2._______(earn) a doctorate in physics in 1905.That same year，he published four extraordinary physics 3._________(paper) and gradually became world-famous.In 1922，
was
Ⅳ.課文語法填空
admitted
earning
papers
he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his 4._____________(explain) of the photoelectric effect.When Hitler came to power in Germany，Einstein,5.______ was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.6._____________(consequence)，he had to flee Germany and then came to the USA and took up a position as 7.__ researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.8.________________________ he was a genius，he sometimes forgot things，like his friends’ birthdays.But despite 9._____(he) strange behavior，he was loved by his friends and neighbors.Einstein passed away on 18 April 1955，and it was reported that the whole world 10.__________(mourn) the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
explanation
who
返 回
Consequently
a
While/Though/Although
his
mourned
作業4
1.He is devoted to studying with the objective of _____________________
(上大學).
2.The professor，who __________(被視為) our friend，has a gentle personality.
3.All the soldiers anxiously searched the hill，___________(尋找) the lost girl.
4.After ___________________(辭去工作)，the man took up a position in another international firm in Shanghai.
5.Although he encountered many hardships，he finally ____________(設法做成) achieve his original goal.
entering university
is seen as
Ⅰ.短語填空
looking for
quitting his job
managed to
6.Over the past two weeks，he has been putting his heart into analyzing every math problem，hoping to _____________(通過考試).
7.The world-famous doctor ____________(去世) last Sunday and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant doctor.
8.To sum up，it is because he _____________________________________
(為……做出許多貢獻) the society in the past few years that he is admired by Chinese people.
pass the exam
passed away
has made numerous contributions to
1.李時珍，1518年7月3日出生于湖北省，是中國最杰出的醫學家之一。(who引導的非限制性定語從句)
Li Shizhen，___________________________________________，was one of the most outstanding medical scientists in China.
2.受家庭的影響，他發現自己迷上了醫學。 (find＋賓語＋賓補)
Influenced by his family，he _______________________________.
who was born in Hubei Province on July 3,1518
Ⅱ.主題微寫作——杰出人物
found himself crazy about medicine
3.時間允許的話，他致力于閱讀無數關于醫學的書籍。(獨立主格結構)
_______________，he was committed to reading countless books about medicine.
4.在試驗新藥時，他會勇敢地在自己身上做實驗。(狀語從句的省略)
_______________________________，he would bravely do experiments on himself.
Time permitting
When/While testing new medicine
5.他仔細記下各種草藥的每一個細節，最終創造了偉大的作品《本草綱目》，這是一部中草藥的集合。(非限制性定語從句)
He carefully took down every detail of various herbs and finally created the great work Compendium of Materia Medica，_____________________
_____________.
組句成篇　以上句子可以加上過渡詞語和其他聯想內容組成一篇小短文。
which is a collection of
Chinese herbs
A
(2024·浙江慈溪高二上期末)
Most of you are probably familiar with various stories of searching alien life，but have you heard about the scientist who proposed detecting the first traces of intelligent life lurking throughout our galaxy This is Frank Drake’s story.
語篇解讀　這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了提議探測隱藏在銀河系中的智能生命蹤跡的科學家Frank Drake。
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀
At the age of 8，his father one day told Drake there are other worlds in space，which astounded him.He had no idea that such a thing was a possibility—he thought Earth was it.So he wondered，what are they like Are the people the same as us Do they look the same way we do What’s their planet like And of course，at that time，there was no way that those questions could be answered in the slightest.
Later on，when he was in college，he chose the elementary astronomy course.In the course，he went to the campus observatory，and one of the things he observed was the planet Jupiter.Even through a small telescope，it was just very clear that it was another world but not a picture in a book or something，which made Drake deeply absorbed.Frank Drake is mostly known for developing the Drake equation(德雷克方程式)，which is a mathematical equation developed to estimate the number of detectable alien civilizations in the Milky Way.
People always say that the search for alien life has failed.“You’ve been searching for 60 years and you haven’t found anything.So doesn’t that say that intelligent life is very rare？” “That’s wrong，because the amount of searching we’ve done has hardly touched the number of possibilities that are out there.We’ve only covered a tiny，tiny fraction of all the possibilities，” Drake said.“When you spend your entire life on the things you love，you live a better life than most people，” he added.
1.What does the underlined word “astounded” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Touched. B.Motivated.
C.Puzzled. D.Amazed.
詞義猜測題。由畫線詞后的“He had no idea that such a thing was a possibility—he thought Earth was it.”可推測，Drake在8歲的時候不知道除地球以外還有其他星球，所以當爸爸告訴他的時候，他大吃一驚，所以猜測畫線詞表示“使吃驚”。故選D。
解析
√
2.What made Drake really fascinated with astronomy
A.His observation of the Jupiter through a telescope.
B.His success in developing the famous Drake equation.
C.His knowing of the fact that there are other worlds in space.
D.His choice of the elementary astronomy course in college.
細節理解題。由文章第三段中“...one of the things he observed was the planet Jupiter.Even through a small telescope...which made Drake deeply absorbed.”可知，Drake通過望遠鏡對木星的觀測使他對天文學非常著迷。故選A。
解析
√
3.What does Drake think of the alien searching work
A.It is totally a failure.
B.The alien life is rare.
C.It has a long way to go.
D.There are limited possibilities.
推理判斷題。由文章第四段中“...the amount of searching we’ve done has hardly touched the number of possibilities that are out there.We’ve only covered a tiny，tiny fraction of all the possibilities”可推知，Drake認為搜尋外星人的工作還有很長的路要走。故選C。
解析
√
4.Which words can best describe Drake
A.Curious and brave.
B.Creative and intelligent.
C.Talented and diligent.
D.Passionate and persistent.
推理判斷題。由文章第四段中“When you spend your entire life on the things you love，you live a better life than most people”可知，Drake對自己的工作熱情而執著。故選D。
解析
√
B (此篇精讀)
John D.Rockefeller was America’s first billionaire who founded Standard Oil Company in 1870，which eventually became a giant in the oil industry.Rockefeller’s leadership in Standard Oil brought him great wealth as well as unfavorable opinions，as many opposed Rockefeller’s business practices.Though many were critical of Rockefeller，few could devalue his philanthropic(慈善的) efforts，which led him to donate $540 million (more than $5 billion today) during his lifetime to charity causes.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了洛克菲勒的慈善事業及其對后世的影響。
Though a billionaire，Rockefeller lived a relatively simple life，rarely attending the theater or other events typically attended by his peers.Since childhood，he had been told to give to charity and Rockefeller had routinely done so.However，Rockefeller’s enormous wealth and success made him a target of journalists，reform politicians and others who viewed him as a symbol of greed and criticized the methods with which he’d built his kingdom.With a damaged public image to improve，Rockefeller began to give away millions of dollars.
In 1896,57-year-old Rockefeller turned over the day-to-day leadership of Standard Oil though he held the title of president until 1911，and began to focus on philanthropy.He had already contributed to the establishment of the University of Chicago in 1890，giving $35 million over the course of 20 years.
While doing so，Rockefeller also founded the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research (now Rockefeller University) in New York in 1901.Within their laboratories，causes，cures，and various manners of prevention of diseases were discovered，including the cure for meningitis(腦膜炎) and the identification of DNA as the central genetic matter.
A year later，Rockefeller established the General Education Board.In its 63 years of operation，it distributed $325 million to American schools and colleges.In 1913，Rockefeller created the Rockefeller Foundation，with his son John Jr.as president to foster the well-being of men and women around the world.Through John D.Rockefeller’s philanthropic acts，the oil titan educated and saved an untold number of lives and aided medical and scientific advancement.
5.What do we know about Rockefeller from the first paragraph
A.He established one of the first oil companies in America.
B.He only received positive opinions for his charity causes.
C.He gained the leadership against all the opposition.
D.He contributed a considerable amount of money to charity.
細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Though many were critical of Rockefeller，few could devalue his philanthropic(慈善的) efforts，which led him donate $540 million (more than $5 billion today) during his lifetime to charity causes.”可知，洛克菲勒為慈善事業捐了一大筆錢。故選D。
解析
√
6.Why did Rockefeller make large donations
A.To earn himself a good reputation.
B.To practice his charity routine.
C.To prove his innocence.
D.To learn from his peers.
√
細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句“With a damaged public image to improve，Rockefeller began to give away millions of dollars.”可知，他進行大數目捐贈的原因是要改善受損的公眾形象，建立良好的口碑。故選A。
解析
7.What does the author think of Rockefeller’s charity efforts
A.Enjoyable. B.Worthy.
C.Clever. D.Creative.
觀點態度題。根據倒數第二段中的“Within their laboratories...the central genetic matter.”和最后一段中的“Through John D.Rockefeller’s philanthropic acts，the oil titan educated and saved an untold number of lives and aided medical and scientific advancement.”可推知，作者認為洛克菲勒的慈善事業是有價值的。故選B。
解析
√
8.Which is the best title for the text
A.Rockefeller：A Blessing to the World
B.Rockefeller：A Billionaire of Generosity
C.Rockefeller：A Complicated Businessman
D.Rockefeller：The First American Billionaire
√
標題歸納題。綜合全文內容可知，文章主要介紹了洛克菲勒的慈善事業及其對后世的影響。由此可知，B選項“洛克菲勒：一位慷慨的億萬富翁”是本文的最佳標題。故選B。
解析
1.unfavorable(派)＝un＋favor＋able adj.不利的
2.cause熟義：v.引起；導致 生義(文義)：n.事業
3.distributed...to...把……分發到……
4.foster v.促進；培養
詞匯積累
Though many were critical of Rockefeller，few could devalue his philanthropic(慈善的) efforts，which led him to donate $540 million (more than $5 billion today) during his lifetime to charity causes.
分析：此句為復合句。though引導讓步狀語從句，which引導非限制性定語從句。
翻譯：雖然很多人對洛克菲勒持批評態度，但很少有人能貶低他對慈善事業所做的努力，這使他一生中向慈善事業捐贈了5.4億美元(相當于今天的50多億美元)。
句式分析
Scientists test their hypothesis(假設) either through experiment or field work and the process is filled with changes.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科學家們驗證他們的假設的一些方法。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀
A.Create variables.
B.Watch the process.
C.You are studying a unique situation every time.
D.It is much easier to control things in such environments.
E.And the thing you purposely change is called the changing variable.
F.You focus your attention on just a few things，instead of on everything.
G.Experimental observations are made in a controlled environment that you create.
Carry out experiments.
1 You make a simpler-scale or smaller-scale version of the part of the real world you want to study. In an experiment，a scientist tries to look at how just one thing affects the subject they are working on.
√
根據下文“You make a simpler-scale or smaller-scale version of the part of the real world you want to study.In an experiment，a scientist tries to look at how just one thing affects the subject they are working on...and other small，enclosed settings for their experiment.”可知，科學家們會根據自己研究的課題，通過在實驗室里創建一個自己能夠控制的，比要研究的現實世界更簡單或更小的環境來開展實驗；G選項“Experimental observations are made in a controlled environment that you create.”符合語境。故選G。
解析
A.Create variables.
B.Watch the process.
C.You are studying a unique situation every time.
D.It is much easier to control things in such environments.
E.And the thing you purposely change is called the changing variable.
F.You focus your attention on just a few things，instead of on everything.
G.Experimental observations are made in a controlled environment that you create.
The difficult part is creating an environment in which only that one thing changes.That is why scientists use test tubes，and other small，enclosed settings for their experiment. 2
√
上文“The difficult part is creating an environment in which only that one thing changes.That is why scientists use test tubes，and other small，enclosed settings for their experiment.”說明做實驗中最困難部分是創造一個只改變一件事的環境，因此科學家們在他們的實驗中使用試管和其他小的、封閉的環境；D選項“It is much easier to control things in such environments.”承接上文，指出科學家們在實驗中使用試管和其他小的、封閉的環境能夠讓事情更容易控制，符合語境；代詞“It”指代上文中的“use test tubes，and other small，enclosed settings for their experiment”。故選D。
解析
Conduct field work.
In field work，a scientist goes into an uncontrolled environment，a specific place in the world，and records exactly what is observed there at the time.
A.Create variables.
B.Watch the process.
C.You are studying a unique situation every time.
D.It is much easier to control things in such environments.
E.And the thing you purposely change is called the changing variable.
F.You focus your attention on just a few things，instead of on everything.
G.Experimental observations are made in a controlled environment that you create.
3 So field work is almost always new and original.The difficult part with field work is that while you are recording your observations，you must make sure that you yourself are not interfering(干涉) with your subject simply by being there.For instance，you cannot count birds in a tree if you scare any away.
√
上文“In field work，a scientist goes into an uncontrolled environment，a specific place in the world，and records exactly what is observed there at the time.”可知，在實地工作中，科學家進入一個不受控制的環境，記錄在一個特定的地方當時觀察到的東西，因此，每次研究的情況都是不同的，獨特的；C選項“You are studying a unique situation every time.”符合語境，且與下文“So field work is almost always new and original.”構成因果關系。故選C。
解析
A.Create variables.
B.Watch the process.
C.You are studying a unique situation every time.
D.It is much easier to control things in such environments.
E.And the thing you purposely change is called the changing variable.
F.You focus your attention on just a few things，instead of on everything.
G.Experimental observations are made in a controlled environment that you create.
　4　
Scientists are like detectives—they try to solve mysteries.Experiments are part of scientists’ detective kit.When you want to prove a theory true or false，create an experiment that will test one thing you can observe.You have an idea that if you set up a controlled situation and purposely change only one thing，
√
設空處為段落小標題；根據下文“When you want to prove a theory true or false，create an experiment that will test one thing you can observe.You have an idea that if you set up a controlled situation and purposely change only one thing，this change will cause something else to happen.”以及“If your change causes something else to happen，this ‘something else’ is called the responding variable，because it is responding to the change.”可知，本段主要闡述科學家通過創建變量來證明一個理論是對還是錯；A選項“Create variables.”能夠概括本段主旨，適合作為小標題。故選A。
解析
A.Create variables.
B.Watch the process.
C.You are studying a unique situation every time.
D.It is much easier to control things in such environments.
E.And the thing you purposely change is called the changing variable.
F.You focus your attention on just a few things，instead of on everything.
G.Experimental observations are made in a controlled environment that you create.
this change will cause something else to happen. 5 If your change causes something else to happen，this “something else” is called the responding variable，because it is responding to the change.
√
上文“You have an idea that if you set up a controlled situation and purposely change only one thing，this change will cause something else to happen.”說明科學家想證明一個理論是對還是錯時，會在一個設置好的環境中故意只改變一件事，而這個改變會導致其他事情的發生；E選項承接上文，告訴讀者科學家故意改變的東西就是“變化變量”；下文“If your change causes something else to happen，this ‘something else’ is called the responding variable，because it is responding to the change.”介紹了由于改變而導致發生的其他事情則是“響應變量”。由此可知，E選項符合語境。故選E。
解析
Zu Chongzhi was a famous and remarkable mathematician and scientist in ancient China.He lived in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. When he was young，he had 1. broad range of interests，
語篇解讀　這是一篇人物介紹。文章主要介紹了祖沖之在數學領域的貢獻。
Ⅴ.語法填空
a
考查冠詞。a range of表示“各種各樣的……”，符合句意，故填a。
解析
such as 2. (nature) science and philosophy.And he was interested in mathematics，astronomy and machinery.The achievement Zu Chongzhi made in the calculation(計算) of the value of pi has been 3._______________(international) acknowledged.
natural
internationally
2.考查形容詞。根據science可知，此處要用形容詞作定語。故填natural。
3.考查副詞。設空處修飾has been acknowledged，應用副詞作狀語，故填internationally。
解析
Liu Hui，a mathematician in the Wei and Jin Dynasties，proposed a way 4. (work) out the value of pi—the cyclotomic method(割圓術).Based on the earlier research，Zu Chongzhi came to the conclusion that the value of pi falls between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927 after more than 1,000 5. (time) of calculation.
to work
times
4.考查動詞不定式。way意為“方法”時后用動詞不定式作后置定語，故填to work。
5.考查名詞復數。此處的time意為“次”，是可數名詞，由“more than 1,000”可知應用復數形式。故填times。
解析
He also 6. (come) up with the viewpoint that the approximate value of pi is 355/113，which is called “milü”.It boosted the calculation of pi to a new phase.It was more than 1,000 years before the Western mathematicians calculated the same value.Thus the value of pi is also called “zulü” 7. memory of him.
came
in
6.考查動詞時態。這里描述的是過去發生的動作，所以要用一般過去時。故填came。
7.考查介詞。in memory of意為“為紀念……”。故填in。
解析
Besides the achievement in mathematics，he wrote the book Zhui Shu,8.______ gathered his accomplishments in mathematics and 9.______
______(take) as a teaching material during the Tang Dynasty.
which
was
taken
8.考查定語從句。逗號前主謂賓結構完整，空后是動詞gathered，且由語境可知動詞gathered的主語即空前的名詞Zhui Shu，所以設空處引導非限制性定語從句，關系詞在定語從句中作主語，指物，故填which。
9.考查動詞時態、語態和主謂一致。分析句子可知，在which引導的定語從句中，and連接兩個并列的謂語(即設空處與前面的gathered)，關系詞which指代先行詞Zhui Shu在從句中作主語，和動詞take之間是被動關系，結合during the Tang Dynasty可知句子描述的是過去發生的事情，所以要用一般過去時的被動語態，主語表示單數意義，be動詞用was。故填was taken。
解析
And he also made a great 10. (contribute) to astronomy and machinery.
contribution
考查名詞。make a great contribution to意為“對……做出巨大貢獻”，故填contribution。
解析
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