資源簡介

Period 2　Learning About Language
閱讀以下短文，感知每句話，完成下面的練習
My classmate is named Li Meng，①who is an easy going boy.He was born into a wealthy family，②whose parents are doctors.Li Meng studies hard and he is good at all the subjects，③the best of which is maths.Last week he won first prize in the Maths Competition，④which made his parents full of pride.However，there was a time ⑤when he disliked learning maths.It was our maths teacher，⑥who had a long talk with him，that informed him of the reason ⑦why we should learn maths well.
1．①的先行詞是Li Meng，指人，并在從句中作主語，故用who引導非限制性定語從句。
2．②的先行詞是He，指人，先行詞與parents為所屬關系，故用whose引導非限制性定語從句。
3．③的先行詞是subjects，指物，此處是“介詞＋關系代詞which”引導的非限制性定語從句。
4．④的先行詞是前面一句話，故用which引導非限制性定語從句，意為“這一點，這件事”。
5．⑤的先行詞是a time，指時間，并在從句中作狀語，故用when引導限制性定語從句。
6．⑥的先行詞是teacher，指人，并在從句中作主語，故用who引導非限制性定語從句。
7．⑦的先行詞是the reason，指原因，并在從句中作狀語，故用why引導限制性定語從句。
8．非限制性定語從句與主句之間有逗號隔開，而限制性定語從句與主句之間沒有逗號隔開。
非限制性定語從句是對意義已經非常明確的先行詞給予補充說明，與先行詞之間有逗號隔開，刪去非限制性定語從句，主句仍然意思清楚、結構完整。引導非限制性定語從句的關系詞有：關系代詞who，whom，whose，which，as；關系副詞when，where。關系代詞that、關系副詞why不引導非限制性定語從句。
一、引導非限制性定語從句的關系詞
關系詞 指代的先行詞 充當的句子成分
關系代詞 who 人 主語/賓語
whom 人 賓語
whose 人/物 定語
which 物/整個主句 主語/賓語
as 人/物/整個主句 主語/賓語
關系副詞 when 時間名詞 時間狀語
where 通常是地點名詞 地點狀語
This is our headmaster，who I think has something crucial to tell you.(who在從句中作主語)
這是我們的校長，我認為他有非常重要的事情要告訴你。
Peter，whom you met in Beijing，is now back in his motherland.(whom在從句中作賓語)
彼得現在回他的祖國了，你在北京見過他。
Mr White，whose son went to Tsinghua University last year，retired yesterday.(whose在從句中作定語)懷特先生昨天退休了，他兒子去年上了清華大學。
He lived in a small town，which was surrounded with mountains.(which在從句中作主語)
他住在一個小鎮上，小鎮被群山環繞。
I borrowed the book The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，which my classmates recommended to me.(which在從句中作賓語)
上周我從圖書館借了《福爾摩斯探案集》這本書，該書是我的同班同學向我推薦的。
He fled his hometown in 1992，when he was only 12 years old.(when在從句中作時間狀語)
他于1992年逃離家鄉，當時他只有12歲。
Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland，where he was buried in 1977.(where在從句中作地點狀語)
卓別林在瑞士度過了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里。
[點津]
(1)整個主句作先行詞時，非限制性定語從句的謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數形式。
Jack studies hard and is ready to help others，which enables him to be popular with his classmates.杰克學習努力且樂于助人，這使他很受同學們的歡迎。
(2)與限制性定語從句一樣，非限制性定語從句中的whose指物時，相當于“the＋名詞＋of which”；when，where 相當于“介詞＋which”。
The house，whose window(＝the window of which) is open，is his.
窗戶開著的那個房子是他的。
I still remember the biggest day in my life，when(＝on which) I was admitted to Peking University.
我仍然記得生命中最重要的那一天，那天我被北京大學錄取了。
On June 2，they flew to Hainan，where(＝in which) they stayed for ten days.
他們于六月二號乘飛機去海南，在那里住了十天。
(3)在非限制性定語從句中，of whom，of which 前面可以加some/many/both/all等，表示部分或全部的人或物。
Many people，some of whom are not overweight，are going on a diet to look slimmer.
為了看起來更苗條，許多人在節食，其中一些人并不超重。
I have bought two pencils，both of which are blue.
我買了兩只鉛筆，這兩者都是藍色的。
[即時訓練1]　單句語法填空
①Our foreign teacher，who speaks Spanish，teaches us in a very attractive way.
②Jack，whose father is one of my former classmates in high school，came to see me from London.
③Molai built a bamboo platform at the top of each small tree，where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater.
④Our graduation ceremony will be held in July，in which we will say goodbye to our teachers and classmates.
⑤I can speak English correctly and fluently，which makes it easy for me to communicate with foreigners.
二、as和which引導的非限制性定語從句的區別
as which
搭配 常用于某些習慣用語中；謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞 無動詞的限制
位置 所引導的定語從句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 所引導的定語從句只能位于主句之后
意義 正如，正像 這/那一點，這/那件事
As we all know，he studies very hard.
我們都知道他學習很用功。
The student，as was expected，achieved great success.正如所期盼的，這位學生取得巨大成功。
He is late for class again，as is often the case.
他上課又遲到了，這是常有的事。
I want to buy the house，which has a garden.(which指代the house)
我想買這座房子，它帶有一個花園。
He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry.(which指代整個主句的內容)
他開會遲到了，這使得主席非常生氣。
[點津]
as引導非限制性定語從句時常用于以下結構：
as we all know/as is known to (us) all眾所周知
as is often the case情況常常如此
as is hoped正如所希望的那樣
as was expected/as we had expected正如所預料的那樣
as has been stated/said above如上所述
as is mentioned正如所提及的
as often happens正如經常發生的那樣
as we all can see正如我們都能看到的那樣
as I can remember正如我所記得的
as scheduled正如所安排的
[即時訓練2]　單句語法填空
①The weather turned out to be very warm，which/as was more than we could expect.
②As is often the case，we will feel nervous before important examinations.
③The boy failed to pass his exam，which made his mother boil with anger.
④His speech，which he had written on little bits of paper，seemed endless.
三、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區別
限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句
關系詞和先行詞之間不用逗號分開 關系詞和先行詞之間用逗號分開
先行詞只能是名詞/代詞 先行詞是名詞/代詞/句子
可用that，why引導；關系代詞作賓語時可省略 不用that，why引導(可用for which代替why)；關系代詞作賓語時不可省略
I have two foreign teachers，both of whom are from America.
我有兩個外教，他們都來自美國。
The foreign teacher who/that comes from America teaches us literature.
從美國來的那位外教教我們文學。
This is the man，whom we talked about just now.
這就是那個人，我們剛才談論過的。
This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about.這就是我們正談論的那個人。
When you reach the village，you will first find a house whose windows are made of wood.
當你到達那個村莊時，你首先會發現一所有著木窗的房子。
They enjoyed the beautiful scenery in the mountain area，where they also did some climbing.
他們在這個山區欣賞到了美景，在那里他們也做了一些爬山運動。
[即時訓練3]　單句語法填空
①The man that/who/whom I met in the street was my former English teacher at senior high school.
②Last night I saw a very good film，which is about the great thinker，Confucius.
③She and her family bicycle to work，which helps them keep fit.
④The reason，for which he was absent from the meeting，wasn’t given.
⑤His wife，whom/who you met at my house，was bored too.
Ⅰ.用適當的關系詞完成下面的短文
When Li Hua was young，he worked on an old farm,1.where there were few young people.He felt very lonely.He often walked near the village in his free time，hoping to talk to some villagers.One day，he came across an old man，2.who used to be a brave soldier when he was young.Li Hua found the old man so interesting that he made friends with him.Once，the old man told him his experiences in the battles，most of 3.which were very interesting.Li Hua was moved by the old man’s story and he decided to write a novel.As a result，the novel attracted so many people，among 4.whom was a young woman.The woman,5.whose husband was a famous director，was touched by that novel and recommended it to her husband.6.As we all know，a clever director won’t give up an interesting story.One year later，the film,7.which was adapted from that novel，became a big hit.
Ⅱ.完成下列讀后續寫片段，盡可能多地使用本單元語法
看到兇猛的鱷魚，我們發出驚恐的尖叫。同時，離我們不遠的兩名獵人聽到了我們的尖叫聲。他們沖到我們所在的地方。一看到還在我身后的水中漂浮的鱷魚，其中一個人朝空中開了一槍。正如所期望的，鱷魚被嚇跑了。然后，我昏倒了，這讓兩名獵人急忙把我送到醫院。
Seeing the fierce crocodile，we let out screams of fright.Meanwhile，our shouts were heard by two hunters 1.that/who were not far away from us.They dashed over to the place 2.where we were.Upon seeing the crocodile,3.which was still floating in the water behind me，one of them fired a shot in the air.4.As was/had been expected，the crocodile was frightened away.Then I was unconscious,5.which made the two hunters rush me to hospital.
作業2　Learning About Language
[分值：93.5分]
Ⅰ.句型轉換(用定語從句改寫)(共6小題；每小題3分，滿分18分)
1．The novelist got hurt in the accident and it made his wife so worried.
The novelist got hurt in the accident，which made his wife so worried.
2．I have a friend and his father fled to the mountains when he was young.
I have a friend，whose father fled to the mountains when he was young.
3．It has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month.
As has been announced，we shall have our final exam next month.
4．We walked down the village street and people were having a market day there.
We walked down the village street，where people were having a market day.
5．The little boys were cleaning the windows and most of them were dirty.
The little boys were cleaning the windows，most of which were dirty.
6．My close friend is my deskmate.She always comes to my aid without hesitation.
My close friend is my deskmate，who always comes to my aid without hesitation.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共7小題；每小題4分，滿分28分)
1．我們都知道，定期散步對我們的健康有很大的好處。
As we all know，walking regularly does a lot of good to our health.
2．她是第三次贏得比賽了，這讓我們都很吃驚。
It is the third time that she has won the race，which has surprised us all.
3．金先生的雙腿嚴重受傷，被迅速送往醫院。
Mr King，whose legs were badly hurt，was quickly transported to hospital.
4．當下起傾盆大雨時，想踢足球的孩子們非常失望。
The children，who wanted to play football，were more than disappointed when it rained cats and dogs.
5．他是個有豐富經驗的人，從他那里我們能獲益很多。
He is a man of rich experience，from whom we can benefit a lot.
6．我們別無選擇只能把遠足延期到下周，那時我們就不會這么忙了。
We have no choice but to put off the outing until next week，when we won’t be so busy.
7．教授有兩個兒子，他們都對科學研究感興趣。
The professor has two sons，both of whom are interested in scientific research.
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)
A
(2025·浙江紹興高二上期中)
Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.
A certain scientist had discovered that a metal called uranium gave off a kind of radiation，which Marie Curie was later to call radioactivity.But where did this radiation come from，and what was it like This was what she set out to discover.She did experiment after experiment.All seemed to prove that in the mineral which she was examining there was some source of radiation which man knew nothing about.
At this time her husband left his own laboratory work，in which he had been very successful，and joined her in her research for this unknown radiation.In 1898 they declared that they believed there was something in nature which gave out radiation.To this something，still unseen，they gave the name radium.
There was an old building at the back of the university，where Pierre Curie had been working.Its walls and roof were made of wood and glass.There were some old tables，a blackboard，and an old stove.It was not much better than a shed，and no one else seemed to want it.The Curies moved in and set up their laboratory and workshops.Here for four difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare，weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and thinking.They believed that radium was hidden somewhere in the mass of mineral dirt which was sent to them from far away.But where
Then，one evening in 1902，as husband and wife sat together in their home，Marie Curie said：“Let’s go down there for a moment.”It was nine o’clock and they had been “down there” only two hours before.But they put on their coats and were soon walking along the street to the shed.Pierre turned the key in the lock and opened the door.“Don’t light the lamps，” said Marie，and they stood there in the darkness.“Look！...Look！”
And there，glowing with a faint blue light in the glass test-tubes on the tables，was the mysterious something which they had worked so hard to find：Radium.
1．What words can be used to describe Madame Curie according to the passage
A．Rich and generous.
B．Energetic but stubborn.
C．Committed and patient.
D．Popular and confident.
答案　C
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段中的“She did experiment after experiment.”以及第四段中的“Here for four difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare，weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and thinking.”可推知，居里夫人非常的盡心盡力和有耐心。故選C。
2．What contributed most to the discovery of the element radium
A．The advanced equipment in the laboratory.
B．The fund raised by the government for the experiment.
C．Madame Curie’s four years of hard work with her husband.
D．The challenges and doubts from other scientists.
答案　C
解析　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“Here for four difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare，weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and thinking.They believed that radium was hidden somewhere in the mass of mineral dirt which was sent to them from far away.”可推知，居里夫人和她丈夫四年的辛勤工作對鐳元素的發現貢獻最大。故選C。
3．What’s the main idea of the text
A．How Madame Curie discovered the element radium.
B．How Madame Curie fell in love with Pierre Curie.
C．What contributions Madame Curie made to help her country.
D．What sacrifice Pierre made to help Madame Curie achieve success.
答案　A
解析　主旨大意題。根據第一段“Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.”以及后文內容可知，文章主要講述的是居里夫人是如何發現鐳元素的。故選A。
4．Where is the passage probably taken from
A．A book review. B．A science report.
C．A history magazine. D．A biography.
答案　D
解析　文章出處題。根據第一段“Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.”以及后文介紹可知，文章主要講述的是居里夫人是如何發現鐳元素的。由此推知，文章可能來自一本傳記。故選D。
B (此篇精讀)
(2024·廣東高二上期末)
Growing up in a small village in southern Ghana，Osei Boateng watched many of his family members and neighbors struggle to access basic health care.In many regions of the country，it can take hours to get to the nearest hospital.Boateng said many people lost their lives due to preventable or treatable diseases.His grandmother and aunt were among them.
Feeling an urgent call to help，Boateng decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana where education and preventative health care were lacking.
Boateng wanted to find a way to remove these barriers to health care access and education.He started his nonprofit organization，OKB Hope Foundation.In 2021，he converted(轉變) a van(面包車) into a mobile doctor’s office and started bringing health care directly to those in need.A few times a week，the mobile clinic and medical team travel long distances to remote communities and provide free routine medical care.
On each trip，Boateng’s team is made up of a nurse，a physician assistant，a doctor，and an operation assistant.In the van，they can run basic labs like bloodwork and urinalysis(尿液分析) as well as provide medicine.“It’s like a one-stop shop for people，” said Boateng，adding that most of the people they see have one health issue or another.Since its launch，the Hope Health Van has served more than 4,000 Ghanaians across more than 45 rural communities who otherwise don’t have easily accessible medical care，according to Boateng.
Boateng has gone all in on his OKB Hope Foundation，recently quitting his job to dedicate(奉獻) his time to bringing health care to his home country.But for him，the sacrifices(犧牲) are well worth.“Words cannot describe the feeling that you provide care for someone who otherwise wouldn’t be alive if your mobile health van wasn’t there.” He has big plans for the future.He hopes to expand them to provide more consistent and high-quality medical care not only to those living in remote areas of Ghana but those in other countries.
語篇解讀　這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講了Osei Boateng通過由一輛面包車改裝而成的移動診所為人們提供醫療服務，并解釋了他這么做背后的原因以及取得的一些成績。
5．What is the purpose of mentioning the example in paragraph 1
A．To show the importance of life.
B．To describe how hard Boateng’s family lived.
C．To point out what’s wrong with the hospital.
D．To stress the seriousness of lacking health care.
答案　D
解析　寫作意圖題。根據第一段“...Osei Boateng watched many of his family members and neighbors struggle to access basic health care...it can take hours to get to the nearest hospital.Boateng said many people lost their lives due to preventable or treatable diseases.His grandmother and aunt were among them.”可推知，作者在本段舉例的目的是強調缺乏醫療保健的嚴重性。故選D。
6．How does Boateng carry out his mission
A．He operates on patients in the van.
B．He rents a doctor’s office wherever he goes.
C．He provides medical care by charging some fees.
D．He offers people health care using mobile clinic.
答案　D
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段中的“In 2021，he converted(轉變) a van(面包車) into a mobile doctor’s office and started bringing health care directly to those in need.”可知，Boateng通過移動診所為人們提供醫療服務來履行他的使命。故選D。
7．What do we know about the Hope Health Van
A．It really works.
B．It makes a profit.
C．It serves the whole Ghana.
D．It produces some good medicine.
答案　A
解析　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“Since its launch，the Hope Health Van has served more than 4,000 Ghanaians across more than 45 rural communities who otherwise don’t have easily accessible medical care，according to Boateng.”可知，“希望健康車”確實有效。故選A。
8．Which of the following can best describe Boateng
A．Dependable and creative.
B．Caring and ambitious.
C．Thoughtful and humorous.
D．Determined and demanding.
答案　B
解析　推理判斷題。根據第二段以及最后一段中的“He hopes to expand them to provide more consistent and high-quality medical care not only to those living in remote areas of Ghana but those in other countries.”可推知，Boateng為有需要的人提供醫療服務，并且想要將來為其他國家的人們提供更持續和高質量的醫療服務，說明了他有愛心，有抱負。故選B。
[詞匯積累] 1．preventable(派)＝prevent＋able adj.可預防的；可阻止的；可防止的 preventative(派)＝prevent＋ative adj.預防性的；防止的 2．barrier n．隔閡；障礙 3．nonprofit(派)＝non＋profit adj.非營利的；不以營利為目的的 4．one-stop(合)＝one＋stop adj.一站式的 5．accessible(派)＝access＋ible adj.可到達的；可進入的；可得到的；可使用的 [句式分析] 1．Feeling an urgent call to help，Boateng decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana where education and preventative health care were lacking. 分析：此句為復合句。Feeling an urgent call to help為現在分詞短語作狀語；decided后為省略了that的賓語從句，在該從句中，make it his life’s mission 為make的復合結構，it作形式賓語，后面不定式是真正的賓語；where引導定語從句，修飾Ghana。 翻譯：Boateng感到迫切需要改善狀況，他決定把醫療保健帶到加納缺乏教育和預防性醫療保健的偏遠社區，并把此行動作為自己一生的使命。 2．Words cannot describe the feeling that you provide care for someone who otherwise wouldn’t be alive if your mobile health van wasn’t there. 分析：此句為復合句。that引導同位語從句，who引導定語從句，if引導條件狀語從句。 翻譯：語言無法描述這種感覺，即你為那些如果沒有你的移動醫療車就不會活著的人提供醫療服務的感覺。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
Hard work has been part of every laureate’s(獲獎者的) journey towards the Nobel Prize.There are many examples.Francoise Barré-Sinoussi spent time in the lab on the morning of her wedding.After Michael Brown’s first daughter was born，he went straight back to discuss the next day’s experiments.Early-career scientists often ask laureates about work-life balance. 1
Spend time with your family and friends.Many laureates stress the value of maintaining personal relationships.Doctor Brian Kobilka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 2 However，despite a heavy workload，he also made time for his family.As Brian Kobilka explains，family provides essential support.
Sleep well at night. 3 It is therefore tempting to finish work before health-promoting activities.However，this is a trap which Oliver Smithies advises against.Not only is sleep needed to stay healthy，but your brain needs sleep to function at full capacity，so you can generate ideas and solve problems.
4 Family，work and sleep are all important to a scientist’s success.But they don’t all have to be a constant focus.Sometimes it will be important to avoid maintaining everything at a high level.Don’t be daunted by the idea you have to do everything perfectly at once—you can have a different focus at different times.
Don’t work too hard.Ultimately，working too hard won’t be beneficial.Not only do you risk burning yourself out，but you are also limited in your thinking.Taking time away from work can allow you to approach problems in a new way. 5 Laureates often point out that working long hours doesn’t always lead to efficiency.
A．Their answers can be inspiring.
B．My solutions may be of some help.
C．Focus on different aspects of your life.
D．Never hesitate to bravely rise to challenge.
E．Sleep，exercise and eating well can all conflict with working long hours.
F．He would work part-time in an emergency room as well as working in the lab.
G．Going for a walk，for example，gives you the chance to take a step back and see things differently.
語篇解讀　本篇是一篇說明文。文章通過講述諾貝爾獎得主的一些平衡工作和生活的方法，說明了在努力工作的同時保持健康和人際關系的重要性。
1．答案　A
解析　根據上文“Hard work has been part of every laureate’s(獲獎者的) journey towards the Nobel Prize.”和“Early-career scientists often ask laureates about work-life balance.”可知，獲得諾貝爾獎是需要努力工作的，但是工作和生活不容易取得平衡，結合下文每段的首句可知，下文講述了諾貝爾獲獎者維持生活和工作平衡的策略，因此推斷A項“他們的回答很有啟發性”符合語境，其中的answers對應前文的ask，“Their”對應前文的laureates。故選A。
2．答案　F
解析　根據空前一句“Doctor Brian Kobilka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.”和下文“However，despite a heavy workload，he also made time for his family.”可知，空格處應該描述布賴恩·科比爾卡博士的繁重的工作內容，因此推斷F項“除了在實驗室工作外，他還會在急診室兼職”符合語境，其中的“He”指代Doctor Brian Kobilka。故選F。
3．答案　E
解析　根據段落首句“Sleep well at night.”可知，本段建議晚上好好休息，睡個好覺，下文“However，this is a trap which Oliver Smithies advises against.Not only is sleep needed to stay healthy，but your brain needs sleep to function at full capacity，so you can generate ideas and solve problems.”提到睡眠與工作并不沖突，However表示前后文是轉折關系，因此推斷E項“睡眠、鍛煉和飲食都可能與長時間工作相沖突”符合語境。故選E。
4．答案　C
解析　空處為段落中心句。根據下文“Family，work and sleep are all important to a scientist’s success.But they don’t all have to be a constant focus...you can have a different focus at different times.”可知，家庭、工作和睡眠都重要，但不需要一直關注所有的內容，也不必立刻把每件事都做得完美，可以在不同的時間有不同的關注點，因此推斷C項“關注生活的不同方面”可概括本段主旨，符合語境。故選C。
5．答案　G
解析　上文“Taking time away from work can allow you to approach problems in a new way.”說明可以從工作中抽出一些時間放松，下文“Laureates often point out that working long hours doesn’t always lead to efficiency.”說明諾貝爾獎得主的觀點，即長時間工作并不總是獲得高效率，由此可知空格處應該是建議休息，因此推斷G項“例如，去散步，給你一個退一步以不同方式看事物的機會”符合語境。故選G。
Ⅴ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
(2025·浙江臺州山海協作體高二上期中)
Five-day work weeks are commonly accepted and practiced.But trials of a four-day week in Iceland were considered 1. (remarkable) successful.They led 2. many workers moving to shorter hours and workers around the world are following the trend.Why has this practice gained 3. (popular) and is it possible to apply it cross-culturally
The trials,4. involved more than 2,500 workers，took place several years ago.It 5. (report) that productivity remained the same or improved in the majority of workplaces.Meanwhile，they found their working conditions were 6. (little) stressful and they were no longer at risk of burnout，and their health and work life balance also improved.
Therefore，the world’s largest ever trial of a shorter working week was 7. complete success,8. (show) that the public’s service is ripe for being a pioneer of shorter working weeks and lessons can be learned by other governments.
A number of other trials 9. (run) across the world now.For instance，a company in New Zealand is giving staff a chance to cut their hours by 20% without hurting their pay in a trial.People feel actually more 10. (attach) to the job as they get rewarded by having more time.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了一周四天工作制這一新興形式很受歡迎，同時也大大提高了生產效率。
1．答案　remarkably
解析　考查副詞。此處修飾形容詞successful需使用副詞，作狀語。故填remarkably。
2．答案　to
解析　考查介詞。根據句意可知，此處為固定搭配lead to，意為“導致，引起”，to是介詞，故填to。
3．答案　popularity
解析　考查名詞。根據空前gained可知，此處為gained的賓語，需使用名詞，popularity為不可數名詞。故填popularity。
4．答案　which
解析　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the trials，指物，在從句中作主語，因此需使用關系代詞which，故填which。
5．答案　was reported
解析　考查動詞時態、語態和主謂一致。句子描述過去發生的事情，應用一般過去時，空前It為形式主語，與動詞report之間是被動關系，故應用一般過去時的被動語態，主語It為第三人稱單數，be動詞用was。It was reported that意為“據報道”。故填was reported。
6．答案　less
解析　考查副詞比較級。根據stressful及句意可知，此處表示“壓力更小”，所以副詞little應用其比較級，意為“更少地”。故填less。
7．答案　a
解析　考查冠詞。根據后文的success及句意可知，此處表示“一個完全成功的案例”，success在此處是可數名詞，因此需使用不定冠詞，且complete的發音以輔音音素開頭，應用a。故填a。
8．答案　showing
解析　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處用非謂語動詞，show與其邏輯主語(前面的句子)構成主動關系，應用現在分詞形式作結果狀語。故填showing。
9．答案　are being run
解析　考查動詞時態、語態和主謂一致。根據now可知，用現在進行時，主語trials和動詞run之間是被動關系，應用現在進行時的被動語態，主語為名詞復數，be動詞用are。故填are being run。
10．答案　attached
解析　考查形容詞。此處應用形容詞attached作表語，意為“熱愛，鐘愛”。故填attached。(共81張PPT)
Period 2
Learning About Language
People of achievement
Unit 1
內容索引
情境導讀
語法精講
作業2
達標檢測
情境導讀
閱讀以下短文，感知每句話，完成下面的練習
My classmate is named Li Meng，①who is an easy going boy.He was born into a wealthy family，②whose parents are doctors.Li Meng studies hard and he is good at all the subjects，③the best of which is maths.Last week he won first prize in the Maths Competition，④which made his parents full of pride.However，there was a time ⑤when he disliked learning maths.It was our maths teacher，⑥who had a long talk with him，that informed him of the reason ⑦why we should learn maths well.
1.①的先行詞是_________，指___，并在從句中作______，故用who引導_________定語從句。
2.②的先行詞是____，指___，先行詞與parents為_____關系，故用whose引導_________定語從句。
3.③的先行詞是_________，指____，此處是“介詞＋關系代詞which”引導的_________定語從句。
4.④的先行詞是__________，故用which引導_________定語從句，意為“_______________”。
5.⑤的先行詞是_______，指_____，并在從句中作_____，故用when引導_______定語從句。
Li Meng
人
He
非限制性
主語
人
所屬
非限制性
subjects
物
非限制性
前面一句話
非限制性
這一點，這件事
a time
時間
狀語
限制性
6.⑥的先行詞是_______，指___，并在從句中作______，故用who引導_________定語從句。
7.⑦的先行詞是__________，指_____，并在從句中作_____，故用why引導_______定語從句。
8.非限制性定語從句與主句之間___逗號隔開，而限制性定語從句與主句之間______逗號隔開。
teacher
人
返 回
主語
非限制性
the reason
原因
狀語
限制性
有
沒有
語法精講
非限制性定語從句是對意義已經非常明確的先行詞給予補充說明，與先行詞之間有逗號隔開，刪去非限制性定語從句，主句仍然意思清楚、結構完整。引導非限制性定語從句的關系詞有：關系代詞who，whom，whose，which，as；關系副詞when，where。關系代詞that、關系副詞why不引導非限制性定語從句。
一、引導非限制性定語從句的關系詞
關系詞 指代的先行詞 充當的句子成分
關系代詞 who 人 主語/賓語
whom 人 賓語
whose 人/物 定語
which 物/整個主句 主語/賓語
as 人/物/整個主句 主語/賓語
關系副詞 when 時間名詞 時間狀語
where 通常是地點名詞 地點狀語
This is our headmaster，who I think has something crucial to tell you.(who在從句中作主語)
這是我們的校長，我認為他有非常重要的事情要告訴你。
Peter，whom you met in Beijing，is now back in his motherland.(whom在從句中作賓語)
彼得現在回他的祖國了，你在北京見過他。
Mr White，whose son went to Tsinghua University last year，retired yesterday.(whose在從句中作定語)懷特先生昨天退休了，他兒子去年上了清華大學。
He lived in a small town，which was surrounded with mountains.(which在從句中作主語)
他住在一個小鎮上，小鎮被群山環繞。
I borrowed the book The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，which my classmates recommended to me.(which在從句中作賓語)
上周我從圖書館借了《福爾摩斯探案集》這本書，該書是我的同班同學向我推薦的。
He fled his hometown in 1992，when he was only 12 years old.(when在從句中作時間狀語)
他于1992年逃離家鄉，當時他只有12歲。
Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland，where he was buried in 1977.(where在從句中作地點狀語)
卓別林在瑞士度過了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里。
[點津]
(1)整個主句作先行詞時，非限制性定語從句的謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數形式。
Jack studies hard and is ready to help others，which enables him to be popular with his classmates.杰克學習努力且樂于助人，這使他很受同學們的歡迎。
(2)與限制性定語從句一樣，非限制性定語從句中的whose指物時，相當于“the＋名詞＋of which”；when，where 相當于“介詞＋which”。
The house，whose window(＝the window of which) is open，is his.
窗戶開著的那個房子是他的。
I still remember the biggest day in my life，when(＝on which) I was admitted to Peking University.
我仍然記得生命中最重要的那一天，那天我被北京大學錄取了。
On June 2，they flew to Hainan，where(＝in which) they stayed for ten days.
他們于六月二號乘飛機去海南，在那里住了十天。
(3)在非限制性定語從句中，of whom，of which 前面可以加some/many/both/all等，表示部分或全部的人或物。
Many people，some of whom are not overweight，are going on a diet to look slimmer.
為了看起來更苗條，許多人在節食，其中一些人并不超重。
I have bought two pencils，both of which are blue.
我買了兩只鉛筆，這兩者都是藍色的。
[即時訓練1]　單句語法填空
①Our foreign teacher，_____ speaks Spanish，teaches us in a very attractive way.
②Jack，______ father is one of my former classmates in high school，came to see me from London.
③Molai built a bamboo platform at the top of each small tree，______ he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater.
④Our graduation ceremony will be held in July，in ______ we will say goodbye to our teachers and classmates.
who
whose
where
which
⑤I can speak English correctly and fluently，_______ makes it easy for me to communicate with foreigners.
which
二、as和which引導的非限制性定語從句的區別
as which
搭配 常用于某些習慣用語中；謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞 無動詞的限制
位置 所引導的定語從句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 所引導的定語從句只能位于主句之后
意義 正如，正像 這/那一點，這/那件事
As we all know，he studies very hard.
我們都知道他學習很用功。
The student，as was expected，achieved great success.正如所期盼的，這位學生取得巨大成功。
He is late for class again，as is often the case.
他上課又遲到了，這是常有的事。
I want to buy the house，which has a garden.(which指代the house)
我想買這座房子，它帶有一個花園。
He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry.
(which指代整個主句的內容)
他開會遲到了，這使得主席非常生氣。
[點津]
as引導非限制性定語從句時常用于以下結構：
as we all know/as is known to (us) all眾所周知
as is often the case情況常常如此
as is hoped正如所希望的那樣
as was expected/as we had expected正如所預料的那樣
as has been stated/said above如上所述
as is mentioned正如所提及的
as often happens正如經常發生的那樣
as we all can see正如我們都能看到的那樣
as I can remember正如我所記得的
as scheduled正如所安排的
[即時訓練2]　單句語法填空
①The weather turned out to be very warm，__________ was more than we could expect.
②_____ is often the case，we will feel nervous before important examinations.
③The boy failed to pass his exam，_______ made his mother boil with anger.
④His speech，_______ he had written on little bits of paper，seemed endless.
which/as
As
which
which
三、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區別
限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句
關系詞和先行詞之間不用逗號分開 關系詞和先行詞之間用逗號分開
先行詞只能是名詞/代詞 先行詞是名詞/代詞/句子
可用that，why引導；關系代詞作賓語時可省略 不用that，why引導(可用for which代替why)；關系代詞作賓語時不可省略
I have two foreign teachers，both of whom are from America.
我有兩個外教，他們都來自美國。
The foreign teacher who/that comes from America teaches us literature.
從美國來的那位外教教我們文學。
This is the man，whom we talked about just now.
這就是那個人，我們剛才談論過的。
This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about.這就是我們正談論的那個人。
When you reach the village，you will first find a house whose windows are made of wood.
當你到達那個村莊時，你首先會發現一所有著木窗的房子。
They enjoyed the beautiful scenery in the mountain area，where they also did some climbing.
他們在這個山區欣賞到了美景，在那里他們也做了一些爬山運動。
[即時訓練3]　單句語法填空
①The man _______________ I met in the street was my former English teacher at senior high school.
②Last night I saw a very good film，______ is about the great thinker，Confucius.
③She and her family bicycle to work，______ helps them keep fit.
④The reason，___ which he was absent from the meeting，wasn’t given.
⑤His wife，___________ you met at my house，was bored too.
that/who/whom
which
which
for
whom/who
返 回
達標檢測
When Li Hua was young，he worked on an old farm,1._______ there were few young people.He felt very lonely.He often walked near the village in his free time，hoping to talk to some villagers.One day，he came across an old man，2._____ used to be a brave soldier when he was young.Li Hua found the old man so interesting that he made friends with him.Once，the old man told him his experiences in the battles，most of 3.______ were very interesting.Li Hua was moved by the old man’s story and he decided to write a novel.As a result，the novel attracted so many people，
where
Ⅰ. 用適當的關系詞完成下面的短文
who
which
among 4.______ was a young woman.The woman,5._______ husband was a famous director，was touched by that novel and recommended it to her husband.6.____ we all know，a clever director won’t give up an interesting story.One year later，the film,7._______ was adapted from that novel，became a big hit.
whom
whose
As
which
看到兇猛的鱷魚，我們發出驚恐的尖叫。同時，離我們不遠的兩名獵人聽到了我們的尖叫聲。他們沖到我們所在的地方。一看到還在我身后的水中漂浮的鱷魚，其中一個人朝空中開了一槍。
Ⅱ.完成下列讀后續寫片段，盡可能多地使用本單元語法
Seeing the fierce crocodile，we let out screams of fright.Meanwhile，our shouts were heard by two hunters 1.____________________________
________.They dashed over to the place 2._______________.Upon seeing the crocodile,3.__________________________________________ ，one of them fired a shot in the air.
that/who were not far away
from us
where we were
which was still floating in the water behind me
正如所期望的，鱷魚被嚇跑了。然后，我昏倒了，這讓兩名獵人急忙把我送到醫院。
4.________________________，the crocodile was frightened away.Then I was unconscious,5.___________________________________________.
As was/had been expected
which made the two hunters rush me to hospital
返 回
作業2
1.The novelist got hurt in the accident and it made his wife so worried.
The novelist got hurt in the accident，____________________________.
2.I have a friend and his father fled to the mountains when he was young.
I have a friend，________________________________________________.
3.It has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month.
______________________，we shall have our final exam next month.
which made his wife so worried
Ⅰ.句型轉換
whose father fled to the mountains when he was young
As has been announced
4.We walked down the village street and people were having a market day there.
We walked down the village street，__________________________________.
5.The little boys were cleaning the windows and most of them were dirty.
The little boys were cleaning the windows，______________________.
6.My close friend is my deskmate.She always comes to my aid without hesitation.
My close friend is my deskmate，__________________________________
__________.
where people were having a market day
most of which were dirty
who always comes to my aid without
hesitation
1.我們都知道，定期散步對我們的健康有很大的好處。
_______________，walking regularly does a lot of good to our health.
2.她是第三次贏得比賽了，這讓我們都很吃驚。
It is the third time that she has won the race，_______________________.
3.金先生的雙腿嚴重受傷，被迅速送往醫院。
Mr King，__________________________，was quickly transported to hospital.
Ⅱ.完成句子
As we all know
which has surprised us all
whose legs were badly hurt
4.當下起傾盆大雨時，想踢足球的孩子們非常失望。
The children，___________________________，were more than disappointed when it rained cats and dogs.
5.他是個有豐富經驗的人，從他那里我們能獲益很多。
He is a man of rich experience，_____________________________.
6.我們別無選擇只能把遠足延期到下周，那時我們就不會這么忙了。
We have no choice but to put off the outing until next week，__________
________________.
who wanted to play football
from whom we can benefit a lot
when we
won’t be so busy
7.教授有兩個兒子，他們都對科學研究感興趣。
The professor has two sons，______________________________ scientific research.
both of whom are interested in
A
(2025·浙江紹興高二上期中)
Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述的是居里夫人是如何發現鐳元素的。
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀
A certain scientist had discovered that a metal called uranium gave off a kind of radiation，which Marie Curie was later to call radioactivity.But where did this radiation come from，and what was it like This was what she set out to discover.She did experiment after experiment.All seemed to prove that in the mineral which she was examining there was some source of radiation which man knew nothing about.
At this time her husband left his own laboratory work，in which he had been very successful，and joined her in her research for this unknown radiation.In 1898 they declared that they believed there was something in nature which gave out radiation.To this something，still unseen，they gave the name radium.
There was an old building at the back of the university，where Pierre Curie had been working.Its walls and roof were made of wood and glass.There were some old tables，a blackboard，and an old stove.It was not much better than a shed，and no one else seemed to want it.The Curies moved in and set up their laboratory and workshops.Here for four difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare，weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and thinking.They believed that radium was hidden somewhere in the mass of mineral dirt which was sent to them from far away.But where
Then，one evening in 1902，as husband and wife sat together in their home，Marie Curie said：“Let’s go down there for a moment.”It was nine o’clock and they had been “down there” only two hours before.But they put on their coats and were soon walking along the street to the shed.Pierre turned the key in the lock and opened the door.“Don’t light the lamps，” said Marie，and they stood there in the darkness.“Look！...Look！”
And there，glowing with a faint blue light in the glass test-tubes on the tables，was the mysterious something which they had worked so hard to find：Radium.
1.What words can be used to describe Madame Curie according to the passage
A.Rich and generous.
B.Energetic but stubborn.
C.Committed and patient.
D.Popular and confident.
√
細節理解題。根據第二段中的“She did experiment after experiment.”以及第四段中的“Here for four difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare，weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and thinking.”可推知，居里夫人非常的盡心盡力和有耐心。故選C。
解析
2.What contributed most to the discovery of the element radium
A.The advanced equipment in the laboratory.
B.The fund raised by the government for the experiment.
C.Madame Curie’s four years of hard work with her husband.
D.The challenges and doubts from other scientists.
√
推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“Here for four difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare，weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and thinking.They believed that radium was hidden somewhere in the mass of mineral dirt which was sent to them from far away.”可推知，居里夫人和她丈夫四年的辛勤工作對鐳元素的發現貢獻最大。故選C。
解析
3.What’s the main idea of the text
A.How Madame Curie discovered the element radium.
B.How Madame Curie fell in love with Pierre Curie.
C.What contributions Madame Curie made to help her country.
D.What sacrifice Pierre made to help Madame Curie achieve success.
主旨大意題。根據第一段“Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.”以及后文內容可知，文章主要講述的是居里夫人是如何發現鐳元素的。故選A。
解析
√
4.Where is the passage probably taken from
A.A book review. B.A science report.
C.A history magazine. D.A biography.
文章出處題。根據第一段“Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.”以及后文介紹可知，文章主要講述的是居里夫人是如何發現鐳元素的。由此推知，文章可能來自一本傳記。故選D。
解析
√
B (此篇精讀)
(2024·廣東高二上期末)
Growing up in a small village in southern Ghana，Osei Boateng watched many of his family members and neighbors struggle to access basic health care.In many regions of the country，it can take hours to get to the nearest hospital.Boateng said many people lost their lives due to preventable or treatable diseases.His grandmother and aunt were among them.
語篇解讀　這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講了Osei Boateng通過由一輛面包車改裝而成的移動診所為人們提供醫療服務，并解釋了他這么做背后的原因以及取得的一些成績。
Feeling an urgent call to help，Boateng decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana where education and preventative health care were lacking.
Boateng wanted to find a way to remove these barriers to health care access and education.He started his nonprofit organization，OKB Hope Foundation.In 2021，he converted(轉變) a van(面包車) into a mobile doctor’s office and started bringing health care directly to those in need.A few times a week，the mobile clinic and medical team travel long distances to remote communities and provide free routine medical care.
On each trip，Boateng’s team is made up of a nurse，a physician assistant，a doctor，and an operation assistant.In the van，they can run basic labs like bloodwork and urinalysis(尿液分析) as well as provide medicine.“It’s like a one-stop shop for people，” said Boateng，adding that most of the people they see have one health issue or another.Since its launch，the Hope Health Van has served more than 4,000 Ghanaians across more than 45 rural communities who otherwise don’t have easily accessible medical care，according to Boateng.
Boateng has gone all in on his OKB Hope Foundation，recently quitting his job to dedicate(奉獻) his time to bringing health care to his home country.But for him，the sacrifices(犧牲) are well worth.“Words cannot describe the feeling that you provide care for someone who otherwise wouldn’t be alive if your mobile health van wasn’t there.” He has big plans for the future.He hopes to expand them to provide more consistent and high-quality medical care not only to those living in remote areas of Ghana but those in other countries.
5.What is the purpose of mentioning the example in paragraph 1
A.To show the importance of life.
B.To describe how hard Boateng’s family lived.
C.To point out what’s wrong with the hospital.
D.To stress the seriousness of lacking health care.
√
寫作意圖題。根據第一段“...Osei Boateng watched many of his family members and neighbors struggle to access basic health care...it can take hours to get to the nearest hospital.Boateng said many people lost their lives due to preventable or treatable diseases.His grandmother and aunt were among them.”可推知，作者在本段舉例的目的是強調缺乏醫療保健的嚴重性。故選D。
解析
6.How does Boateng carry out his mission
A.He operates on patients in the van.
B.He rents a doctor’s office wherever he goes.
C.He provides medical care by charging some fees.
D.He offers people health care using mobile clinic.
細節理解題。根據第三段中的“In 2021，he converted(轉變) a van(面包車) into a mobile doctor’s office and started bringing health care directly to those in need.”可知，Boateng通過移動診所為人們提供醫療服務來履行他的使命。故選D。
解析
√
7.What do we know about the Hope Health Van
A.It really works.
B.It makes a profit.
C.It serves the whole Ghana.
D.It produces some good medicine.
細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“Since its launch，the Hope Health Van has served more than 4,000 Ghanaians across more than 45 rural communities who otherwise don’t have easily accessible medical care，according to Boateng.”可知，“希望健康車”確實有效。故選A。
解析
√
8.Which of the following can best describe Boateng
A.Dependable and creative.
B.Caring and ambitious.
C.Thoughtful and humorous.
D.Determined and demanding.
√
推理判斷題。根據第二段以及最后一段中的“He hopes to expand them to provide more consistent and high-quality medical care not only to those living in remote areas of Ghana but those in other countries.”可推知，Boateng為有需要的人提供醫療服務，并且想要將來為其他國家的人們提供更持續和高質量的醫療服務，說明了他有愛心，有抱負。故選B。
解析
1.preventable(派)＝prevent＋able adj.可預防的；可阻止的；可防止的
preventative(派)＝prevent＋ative adj.預防性的；防止的
2.barrier n.隔閡；障礙
3.nonprofit(派)＝non＋profit adj.非營利的；不以營利為目的的
4.one-stop(合)＝one＋stop adj.一站式的
5.accessible(派)＝access＋ible adj.可到達的；可進入的；可得到的；可使用的
詞匯積累
1.Feeling an urgent call to help，Boateng decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana where education and preventative health care were lacking.
分析：此句為復合句。Feeling an urgent call to help為現在分詞短語作狀語；decided后為省略了that的賓語從句，在該從句中，make it his life’s mission 為make的復合結構，it作形式賓語，后面不定式是真正的賓語；where引導定語從句，修飾Ghana。
翻譯：Boateng感到迫切需要改善狀況，他決定把醫療保健帶到加納缺乏教育和預防性醫療保健的偏遠社區，并把此行動作為自己一生的使命。
句式分析
2.Words cannot describe the feeling that you provide care for someone who otherwise wouldn’t be alive if your mobile health van wasn’t there.
分析：此句為復合句。that引導同位語從句，who引導定語從句，if引導條件狀語從句。
翻譯：語言無法描述這種感覺，即你為那些如果沒有你的移動醫療車就不會活著的人提供醫療服務的感覺。
Hard work has been part of every laureate’s(獲獎者的) journey towards the Nobel Prize.There are many examples.Francoise Barré-Sinoussi spent time in the lab on the morning of her wedding.
語篇解讀　本篇是一篇說明文。文章通過講述諾貝爾獎得主的一些平衡工作和生活的方法，說明了在努力工作的同時保持健康和人際關系的重要性。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀
After Michael Brown’s first daughter was born，he went straight back to discuss the next day’s experiments.Early-career scientists often ask laureates about work-life balance. 1
A.Their answers can be inspiring.
B.My solutions may be of some help.
C.Focus on different aspects of your life.
D.Never hesitate to bravely rise to challenge.
E.Sleep，exercise and eating well can all conflict with working long hours.
F.He would work part-time in an emergency room as well as working in the lab.
G.Going for a walk，for example，gives you the chance to take a step back
and see things differently.
√
根據上文“Hard work has been part of every laureate’s(獲獎者的) journey towards the Nobel Prize.”和“Early-career scientists often ask laureates about work-life balance.”可知，獲得諾貝爾獎是需要努力工作的，但是工作和生活不容易取得平衡，結合下文每段的首句可知，下文講述了諾貝爾獲獎者維持生活和工作平衡的策略，因此推斷A項“他們的回答很有啟發性”符合語境，其中的answers對應前文的ask，“Their”對應前文的laureates。故選A。
解析
Spend time with your family and friends.Many laureates stress the value of maintaining personal relationships.Doctor Brian Kobilka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
2 However，despite a heavy workload，he also made time for his family.As Brian Kobilka explains，family provides essential support.
A.Their answers can be inspiring.
B.My solutions may be of some help.
C.Focus on different aspects of your life.
D.Never hesitate to bravely rise to challenge.
E.Sleep，exercise and eating well can all conflict with working long hours.
F.He would work part-time in an emergency room as well as working in the lab.
G.Going for a walk，for example，gives you the chance to take a step back
and see things differently.
√
根據空前一句“Doctor Brian Kobilka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.”和下文“However，despite a heavy workload，he also made time for his family.”可知，空格處應該描述布賴恩·科比爾卡博士的繁重的工作內容，因此推斷F項“除了在實驗室工作外，他還會在急診室兼職”符合語境，其中的“He”指代Doctor Brian Kobilka。故選F。
解析
Sleep well at night. 3 It is therefore tempting to finish work before health-promoting activities.
A.Their answers can be inspiring.
B.My solutions may be of some help.
C.Focus on different aspects of your life.
D.Never hesitate to bravely rise to challenge.
E.Sleep，exercise and eating well can all conflict with working long hours.
F.He would work part-time in an emergency room as well as working in the lab.
G.Going for a walk，for example，gives you the chance to take a step back
and see things differently.
√
根據段落首句“Sleep well at night.”可知，本段建議晚上好好休息，睡個好覺，下文“However，this is a trap which Oliver Smithies advises against.Not only is sleep needed to stay healthy，but your brain needs sleep to function at full capacity，so you can generate ideas and solve problems.”提到睡眠與工作并不沖突，However表示前后文是轉折關系，因此推斷E項“睡眠、鍛煉和飲食都可能與長時間工作相沖突”符合語境。故選E。
解析
However，this is a trap which Oliver Smithies advises against.Not only is sleep needed to stay healthy，but your brain needs sleep to function at full capacity，so you can generate ideas and solve problems.
4 Family，work and sleep are all important to a scientist’s success.But they don’t all have to be a constant focus.
A.Their answers can be inspiring.
B.My solutions may be of some help.
C.Focus on different aspects of your life.
D.Never hesitate to bravely rise to challenge.
E.Sleep，exercise and eating well can all conflict with working long hours.
F.He would work part-time in an emergency room as well as working in the lab.
G.Going for a walk，for example，gives you the chance to take a step back
and see things differently.
√
空處為段落中心句。根據下文“Family，work and sleep are all important to a scientist’s success.But they don’t all have to be a constant focus...you can have a different focus at different times.”可知，家庭、工作和睡眠都重要，但不需要一直關注所有的內容，也不必立刻把每件事都做得完美，可以在不同的時間有不同的關注點，因此推斷C項“關注生活的不同方面”可概括本段主旨，符合語境。故選C。
解析
Sometimes it will be important to avoid maintaining everything at a high level.Don’t be daunted by the idea you have to do everything perfectly at once—you can have a different focus at different times.
Don’t work too hard.Ultimately，working too hard won’t be beneficial.Not only do you risk burning yourself out，but you are also limited in your thinking.Taking time away from work can allow you to approach problems in a new way.
5 Laureates often point out that working long hours doesn’t always lead to efficiency.
A.Their answers can be inspiring.
B.My solutions may be of some help.
C.Focus on different aspects of your life.
D.Never hesitate to bravely rise to challenge.
E.Sleep，exercise and eating well can all conflict with working long hours.
F.He would work part-time in an emergency room as well as working in the lab.
G.Going for a walk，for example，gives you the chance to take a step back
and see things differently.
√
上文“Taking time away from work can allow you to approach problems in a new way.”說明可以從工作中抽出一些時間放松，下文“Laureates often point out that working long hours doesn’t always lead to efficiency.”說明諾貝爾獎得主的觀點，即長時間工作并不總是獲得高效率，由此可知空格處應該是建議休息，因此推斷G項“例如，去散步，給你一個退一步以不同方式看事物的機會”符合語境。故選G。
解析
(2025·浙江臺州山海協作體高二上期中)
Five-day work weeks are commonly accepted and practiced.But trials of a four-day week in Iceland were considered 1.____________ (remarkable) successful.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了一周四天工作制這一新興形式很受歡迎，同時也大大提高了生產效率。
remarkably
考查副詞。此處修飾形容詞successful需使用副詞，作狀語。故填remarkably。
解析
Ⅴ.語法填空
They led 2. many workers moving to shorter hours and workers around the world are following the trend.Why has this practice gained 3.__________(popular) and is it possible to apply it cross-culturally
to
2.考查介詞。根據句意可知，此處為固定搭配lead to，意為“導致，引起”，to是介詞，故填to。
3.考查名詞。根據空前gained可知，此處為gained的賓語，需使用名詞，popularity為不可數名詞。故填popularity。
解析
popularity
The trials,4. involved more than 2,500 workers，took place several years ago.It 5. (report) that productivity remained the same or improved in the majority of workplaces.
which
4.考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the trials，指物，在從句中作主語，因此需使用關系代詞which，故填which。
5.考查動詞時態、語態和主謂一致。句子描述過去發生的事情，應用一般過去時，空前It為形式主語，與動詞report之間是被動關系，故應用一般過去時的被動語態，主語It為第三人稱單數，be動詞用was。It was reported that意為“據報道”。故填was reported。
解析
was reported
Meanwhile，they found their working conditions were 6. (little) stressful and they were no longer at risk of burnout，and their health and work life balance also improved.
less
考查副詞比較級。根據stressful及句意可知，此處表示“壓力更小”，所以副詞little應用其比較級，意為“更少地”。故填less。
解析
Therefore，the world’s largest ever trial of a shorter working week was 7. complete success,8. (show) that the public’s service is ripe for being a pioneer of shorter working weeks and lessons can be learned by other governments.
a
7.考查冠詞。根據后文的success及句意可知，此處表示“一個完全成功的案例”，success在此處是可數名詞，因此需使用不定冠詞，且complete的發音以輔音音素開頭，應用a。故填a。
8.考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處用非謂語動詞，show與其邏輯主語(前面的句子)構成主動關系，應用現在分詞形式作結果狀語。故填showing。
解析
showing
A number of other trials 9. (run) across the world now.For instance，a company in New Zealand is giving staff a chance to cut their hours by 20% without hurting their pay in a trial.People feel actually more 10. (attach) to the job as they get rewarded by having more time.
are being run
9.考查動詞時態、語態和主謂一致。根據now可知，用現在進行時，主語trials和動詞run之間是被動關系，應用現在進行時的被動語態，主語為名詞復數，be動詞用are。故填are being run。
10.考查形容詞。此處應用形容詞attached作表語，意為“熱愛，鐘愛”。故填attached。
解析
attached
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