資源簡介

(共49張PPT)
Unit 8 We're trying to save the earth!
SectionA GF-4c
Revision
不同種類的污染
2. 河底
3. 把垃圾扔到河里
4. 在……中起作用
different kinds of pollution
the bottom of the river
throw rubbish into the river
play a part in
I. Check if you know these phrases.
5. 在中國南部
6. 對……有害
7. 在……頂部
8. 海洋生態系統
in southern China
be harmful to
at the top of…
the ocean’s ecosystem
1.聽說 hear of
2.切除 cut off
3.不再 no more = not…any more
4.不但...而且... not only ...but also
5.在過去的20---30年里 in the last 20 to30 years
6.對...有害 be harmful to
7.在...的頂部 at the top of
8.比如 such as
9.對...有益 be good for
10.到目前為止 so far
11.事實上 in fact
12.處在危險中 be in danger
Grammar Focus
We’re trying to save the earth. Present progressive
The river used to be so clean. used to
The air is badly polluted. Passive voice
No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. Present perfect
We should help save the sharks. Modal verbs
現在進行時: Present progressive
結構: be (am/is/are) + v.-ing
標志詞：Look, Listen, now, right now…
e.g. Look! The boy is crying.
定義：表示說話時(瞬間)正在進行的動作, 也表示目前或現階段正在進行的動作。或說話者的強烈情感。
一、現在進行時：
①表示現在（說話的瞬間）正在進行的動作、發生的事情，常與now/right now/at this moment/ at present等時間狀語連用，或用在look/listen等引出的句子里。
e.g. What are you doing at home now 你現在在家干什么？
Look! A monkey is climbing the tree. 看！一只猴子在爬樹。
②表示當前一段時間內的活動或現階段正在進行的動作（說話時動作不一定正在進行），常與at present/these days/this week(month,term)等時間狀語連用。
e.g. She is working for a company at present. 她目前正在一家公司上班。
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我期盼很快收到你的來信。
③表示反復出現的習慣性動作；表示說話人現在對主語行為的贊美、遺憾、討厭、不滿、同情等情感或對某一心理的生動描述，常與always/usually/all the time 等副詞連用。
e.g. He is always doing things carelessly.他做事總是馬馬虎虎的。
Conditions are changing all the time. 情況始終都在變化。
④表示根據計劃或安排，在近期內即將進行的動作或馬上就要發生的事，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，常用的有come/go/leave/start/arrive/return/stay等表移動、方向的動詞。
e.g. They are leaving for Paris this afternoon.他們今天下午動身去巴黎。
Mr. Green is flying to Canada tomorrow. 格林先生明天就要飛往加拿大。
現在分詞的構成：
a. 一般情況下在動詞詞尾加-ing；
b. 以不發音的e結尾的動詞，去掉e加-ing；
c. 以重讀閉音節結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的， 雙寫最后一個字母，再加-ing；
d. 以ie結尾的變ie為y，再加-ing.
練習：寫出下列動詞的現在分詞
see ___________ say __________ stop __________
have __________ listen _________ use _________
forget _________ burn _________ lie_________
seeing
saying
stopping
having
listening
using
forgetting
burning
lying
用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空。
Listen! The phone __________(ring).
Please go to answer it.
— Alan, it’s late. Why not go to bed
— Jenny hasn’t come back yet.
I ___________(wait) for her.
3. — What’s your father doing now
— He __________ (write) a letter in the study.
is ringing
am waiting
is writing
1. Paul, I’m busy cooking. Can you give me a hand
— Just a minute. I ______ my e-mail. (2017 河南)
A. am checking B. will check
C. have checked D. was checking
中考鏈接
A
2. Don’t take the dictionary away, I _____ it. (2017 河北)
A. use B. used
C. am using D. have used
C
⒈I think people are (throw) litter into the river and factories are also (put) waste into the river.
2. People's behavior is (turn) beautiful places into ugly ones.
3. Do you realize that you're (kill) a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup
4. Environmental protection groups are (teach) the public about "finning".
5. He is always (lose) things.
6. The weather is (get) warmer and warmer these days.
7. The Bus345 (come) soon.
8. I (take) my vacation in Sanya now.
9. Listen! The birds (sing) in the tree.
10. ---Where is your mother
---Perhaps she (cook) in the kitchen.
throwing
putting
turning
killing
teaching
losing
getting
is coming
am taking
are singing
is cooking
used to do與be used to doing
used to do sth. :“過去常常做某事, 而現在往往不做了”, 后接動詞原形。
1) 否定句形式：didn't use to do sth.
e.g. I didn't use to sing.
2) 一般疑問句形式：Did sb. use to do sth.
e.g. Did he use to swim
3) 附加疑問句式：...,didn't sb.
e.g. Jim used to be naughty, didn't he
be used to doing sth. :習慣于做某事
e.g. She is used to studying alone.
be used to+do :“被用來做某事”, to是不定式符號。
e.g. The knife is used to cut things.
e.g. 1)She used to play the piano.
2)I am used to walking to school now.
3) The computer is used to store information.
used to do sth. 過去常常做某事
1.The river used to (be) clean , but it is full of rubbish now.
2. I didn't use to (like) him much when we were at school.
3. You used to (see) her often,didn't you
4. Did she use to (have) long hair
1. I don't think I can get used to (live) in a big city after living in the country.
2. We will soon be used to (learn) online.
3. The food isn't tasty and it will take you some time to get used to (it).
4. I used to (walk) to school, but now I'm used to (ride) to school.
be/get used to sth./doing sth. 習慣于…，適應于…；習慣做某事
be
like
see
have
living
learning
it
walk
riding
My grandfather built this house in 1930.
This house was built (by my grandfather) in 1930.
Passive voice
be + V-ed
主
謂
賓
主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者,
被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。
被動語態：Passive voice
定義：表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象的一種語態。
結構：be+過去分詞
e.g. 1) A new school was built last year.
2) Our classroom is cleaned every day.
3) The trees have been cut down.
4) The music is being recorded.
5) A big mall will be built next year.
二、被動語態：
1.謂語動詞結構：be動詞+動詞的過去分詞（be動詞有人稱和數的變化）
2.何時適用 被動語態：
①不知道或沒有必要提及動作的執行者時；
e.g. My car was stolen last night. 我的車昨晚被偷了。
②強調動作的承受者或事情的結果時；
e.g. The plan was successfully carried out. 這個計劃成功地實施了。
③為使句子結構合理、語言流暢等句法修辭需要時；
e.g. His book is liked by those who are interested in modern culture.
他的書受到那些對現代文化感興趣的人們的歡迎。
④出于禮貌，不愿說出動作的執行者時；
e.g.Marx was born in Germany in 1818. 馬克思1818年生于德國。
⑤在公告、通知、新聞報報紙標題、書刊介紹、科技文章中；
e.g. Work Helper Is Wanted! 招聘助理
⑥習慣用法的需要時；
e.g. The boy is very interested in computer studies. 這個男孩兒對電腦特感興趣。
各種形式被動語態的結構(以動詞do為例):
一般現在時: am/is/are+done(動詞的過去分詞)
一般過去時: was/were+done
一般將來時: will/shall/ be/be(am/is/are) going to+be+done
現在進行時：am/is/are being +done
過去進行時: was/were being +done
現在完成時: have/has been +done
過去完成時：had been + done
含情態動詞: can/may/must...+be+done
1. 某些感官動詞加形容詞及少數其他的動詞與一些副詞連用表示被動意義。
smell, taste, prove（證明）, sell, etc.
1) The dish tastes delicious.
2) The theory proved right at last.
3) The book is so interesting that it sells well.
4) The pen writes well.
不可以變成被動語態的情況
need做實意動詞時，need + V- ing
主動形式表示被動意義。
我的車需要修理。
My car needs repairing. (= to be repaired).
戰爭爆發了。
The war broke out.
但不能說：The war was broken out.
2. 通常只有及物動詞（組）才有被動語態，不及物動詞沒有。
The mobile phone ______ in 1973.
(2017 北京)
A. invents B. is invented
C. invented D. was invented
中考鏈接
D
2. Let’s wait and see whether books _____ by the Internet in the future. (2017 天津)
A. replace B. replaced
C. will be replaced D. were replaced
C
3. —Why are you leaving your job
—I can’t stand it any longer. I _____ always _____ to work overtime. (2017 河南)
A. am; asking B. am; asked
C. was; asking D. was; asked
B
實戰演習：
1. That swimming pool (build) in 2009.
2. A new school (build) in the city next year .
3. Look! A nice picture (draw) for our teacher.
4. The Great Wall (know) all over the world.
5.He says that Mr Zhang (send) to the factory next week.
6.The monkey was seen (jump) off the tree.
7. 那個男孩被迫每天做大量的工作。（make)
8. 老年人應該被好好照料。（look)
9.你的書肯定沒有被偷。（steal)
was built
will be built
is being drawn
is known
will be sent
to jump
The boy is made to do too much work every day.
The old should be looked after.
Your book can't be stolen.
Lily, clean your teeth please.
Mum, I have already cleaned them.
future
present
past
cleaned teeth
現在完成時表示動作發生在過去，并對現在有影響。
現在完成時: Present perfect
定義：表示過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響或結果或表示過 去的動作或狀態持續到現在。
結構: 主語+ has/have + 過去分詞
標志詞: already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice, recently, so far, for+一段時間, since+時 間點/從句。
三、現在完成時:
1.表示過去發生的或說話之前已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果，不具體涉及動作發生的時間，常與already/yet/ever/never/just/before/recently等籠統的時間狀語連用。
e.g. I have never seen him before. 我以前從沒有見過他。
2.表示過去某時開始并一直持續到現在的動作或狀態，這個動作或狀態也許還會持續下去，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續到現在（包括“現在”在內）的一段時間的狀語連用，如since five years ago, since 2004, since yesterday, since he came here, since then, for three years, for a long time, so far, all one's life…。表示持續動作或狀態的動詞多是延續性動詞。
e.g. I have known her for a long time. 我已經認識她好久了。
3.現在完成時還常與in the last/past few years, in the recent years, during the past few years等時間狀語連用，表示某一動作從過去一直延續到現在。
e.g. Great changes have taken place in the city in the last five years.
在過去的5年當中，這個城市發生了巨大變化。
4.在“最高級+名詞”或在“這是第幾次”之后+定語從句，從句用現在完成時。
e.g. This is the third time you have failed in the exam. 這是你第三次考試不及格了。
It is the best film (that) I've ever seen. 這是我所看過的最好的一部電影。
…
區分have/has gone to, have/has been to和have/has been in
have/has been to:去過某地, 說話時已從該地回來;
have/has gone to:去了某地, 或在去該地的途中, 現在還不曾回 來, 說話時不在說話地點;
have/has been in:“已在某地(待了多久)”, 常與表示一段時間 的狀語連用。
e.g.1) Jim has gone to London with his family.
2) The Greens have been in China for two years.
3) Have you been to Beijing before
Complete the following sentences.
I _________ (be) in Beijing for two years.
2. I _____ never _____ (hear) of that man before.
3. Tom __________ (work) there since two years ago.
4. The twins ___________ (wash) the clothes for an hour.
5. He _________ (play) basketball since three years ago.
6. How long ____ Sally _____ (sing) yet
have been
have
heard
has worked
Exercise
have washed
has played
has
sung
實戰演習：
1. It （rain）for a week.
2.---Let’s go to the cinema.
---No, I （see, already）the film.
3. I （buy）the bike two weeks ago.
I （have）this bike since the beginning of this month. I （have）it for two weeks.
4. They can’t go with us. They （finish, not）the work yet.
5.In the past few years, we (build) a lot of buildings.
6. Such a thing （happen, never）in the village before.
7. Xiangyang is the most city that I (be)
has rained
have already seen
bought
have had
have had
haven't finished
have built
has never happened
have been to
情態動詞
用來表示能力、應該、請求等,
后接動詞原形。
情態動詞 modal verb
1. 情態動詞其實就是語氣助動詞，本身有一定的詞義, 表示說話人的情緒、態度或語氣, 但不能單獨作謂語, 只能與其他動詞構成謂語。
常見的有:can (could),may (might),must,need,shall (should), will (would),need等。
2. 情態動詞無人稱和數的變化, 后接動詞原形。否定式一般在情態動詞后面加not。個別情態動詞有過去式形式, 可用來表達更加客氣、委婉的語氣。
e.g.1) Ken can climb up the tree like a koala.
2)Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.
3)You mustn't play with fire. It is dangerous.


四、情態動詞：
can的用法：①（表示能力、功能）會 e.g. Robert can speak several languages.
②(表示推測，用于否定句和疑問句，一般不用于肯定句）可能（會）
e.g. That can't be Mary, she's in hospital. 那不可能是瑪麗，她住院了。
③（表示允許、請求允許、口語中可與may換用）可以
e.g. Can/May I park my car here 我可以把車停在這兒嗎？
could的用法：①（表示過去）有能力做… e.g. She could tell right from wrong at an early age.
②(表示推測，較can不確定）可能，大概，會 e.g. He said the news could be true.
③(用于虛擬語氣句子中）能 e.g. How I wish I could stop the flight of time!
may的用法：①（表示一種可能或推測，語氣比might強，比can弱）可能，也許
e.g. He may come here,I'm not sure about that.
②(在疑問句中表示請求對方許可，可與can換用）可以……嗎？
e.g. May(can/could/might) I have a talk with you 我可以和你談談嗎？
③回答may引導的問句，肯定用 Yes, you may/can.否定用 No, you must't/can't.
might的用法：①（是may的過去式，用于賓語從句中，表示過去）可能，可以
e.g. She asked if she might open the window.
②(表示推測，語氣比may更委婉，可能性也更小）可能，也許
e.g. I'm afraid it might rain tonight.
③（表示有禮貌地提出建議、請求、詢問等，比may,can更委婉）
e.g. You might (=may) call him back later.
must的用法：①（表示說話人主觀意志，并根據法規、道德、習俗等規定的義務、責任，以及做某事 的必要性等，來建議、勸告、命令、強制某人）必須做……
e.g. We must take action to prevent disaster. 我們必須采取行動以防災難。
②（表示有根據、有把握，符合邏輯的推測，只能用于肯定句，其否定式用can't來代 替）一定，準是 。常用句型結構有：must +do; must+ be doing; must+have done; There must be+n./pron.
③回答must引導的問句時，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't/don't have to/don't need to，（因為mustn't表示“禁止，不允許”之意）
have to的用法：①（可用于各種時態，還可以和其它情態動詞連用，表示因客觀環境條件或事態的迫 使而）不得不 e.g. I missed the bus and had to walk home.（客觀條件迫使）
We may have to put off the match because of the bad weather. 因為天氣不好，我們可 能得推遲比賽。
②don't/didn't have to 表示沒有必要 e.g. We didn't have to go there that day.
should的用法：①（指說話者主觀上覺得有責任、義務、必要）應該，必須
②（表示說話者根據一定的依據進行猜測、推測、推論）按理說應該
③（用于問句，表示征求同意，征詢情況等）可以，該
e.g. Should I call him and apologize 我應該打電話向他道歉嗎？
④用在in order that, so that等引導的目的狀語從句中，以及由if引導的與將來事實相反的 條件狀語從句中
would的用法： ①（在疑問句中，常表示客氣委婉、有禮貌地提出請求、建議、邀請等）請
②（表示意志、意愿、決心、希望、愿望、勸告等）會；要；愿
③（常用于有條件從句修飾的主句中，表示虛擬語氣）要，將要，會，就會
實戰演習：
1.Her brother be at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the gym just now.
A.can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
2. --- I finish my work now
---No, you . You can do it later.
A. May;needn't B.Must;don't have to C.Can;couldn't D.May;can't
3.---Can we play soccer here
---No, you play it near the road. That's too dangerous!
A. can B. may C.won't D.mustn't
4.--- I take photos here
---No, you mustn't. Don't you see the sign "NO PHOTOS"
A. Would B.Should C.Must D.May
5. I go now, or I'll miss my train.
A. can B. might C. must D. could
Translation.
1. 我們不能在教室里吃東西。
2. 首先你必須完成作業。
3. 他現在不可能在家。
4. 她一定知道這個問題的答案。
Exercise
We can’t eat in the classroom.
You must finish your homework first.
He can’t be at home now.
She must know the answer to this question.
Translation.
1. 我們不能在教室里吃東西。
2. 首先你必須完成作業。
3. 他現在不可能在家。
4. 她一定知道這個問題的答案。
We can’t eat in the classroom.
You must finish your homework first.
He can’t be at home now.
She must know the answer to this question.
1. —_____ I park my car here for a while
— No, you mustn’t. Do you see the sign “NO PARKING” (2017 上海)
A. Would B. May
C. Must D. Should
中考鏈接
B
2. — May I take the dog with me, sir
— ______. Pets are not allowed to enter the hall. (2017 重慶)
A. Yes, you may B. No, you mustn’t
C. Yes, you can D. No, you needn’t
B
3. — I don’t care what people think.
— Well, you _____. You’re not alone in this world. (2017 河南)
A. can B. may
C. should D. will
C
4. I have traveled a lot. I _____ speak four languages. (2017 河北)
A. can B. may
C. must D. need
A
4a
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Joe: _____ you ever ______ (take) part in an environmental project
Eric: Yes, I have. I ______ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was __________ (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city ____ ever ____ (have).
Have
taken
helped
considered
had
had
參加
Joe: How many people ____ (take) part
Eric: I _____ (think) more than 1,000 people ______ (come) to help out.
Joe: That’s fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is ______ (try) to improve the environment.
Eric: Yes, we can’t afford to ____ (wait) any longer to take action!
took
think
came
trying
wait
v. 承擔得起(后果); 買得起
4a Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Joe: you ever (take) part in an environmental project
Ken: Yes,I have. I (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year.
It was (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city ever (have)
Joe: How many people (take) part
Ken:I (think) more than 1,000 people (come) to help out.
Joe:That's fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is (try) to improve the environment.
Ken:Yes,we can't afford to (wait) any longer to take action!
Have
taken
helped
considered
had
had
took
think
came
trying
wait
4b
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box.
People __________ think that big things_____ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you ____ save electricity by
may/might
must
can
can
would
could
have to
should
must
may/ might
turning off the lights when you leave a room. You ______ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think it’s a great idea that you now ______ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you __________ ride your bike or walk. If it’s far, you __________ take the bus. All these small things ______ add up and become big things that
could
have to
can/should
can/could
_________ improve the environment. Let’s take action now!
could
would/can
4c
Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.
use public transportation (n.交通運輸);
turn off the lights when you leave a room; use reusable bags instead of plastic bags; ride your bike or walk to school or work; stop using paper napkins (n. 餐巾紙);recycle books and paper…
1. We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action!
afford v. 承擔得起;買得起；提供, 給予
常與can, be able to連用
afford sth. 買得起/承受得起某物
afford to do sth. 有能力做某事/負擔得起做某事
e.g. Can you afford the mobile phone
We can’t afford to pay such a price.
afford & buy
afford側重“有經濟能力買”，而buy則側重“購買(這一行為)”。
表示“我買不起……”可以說I can’t afford ...，但不能說I can’t buy ...。
用afford或buy的適當形式填空。
1) They can’t _______ to send their children to college.
2) Can you _______ a new car
3) Helen _______ some fruit on her way home yesterday.
afford
afford
buy
2. …save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room.
turn off 關掉
e.g. 睡覺前請關掉電視。(翻譯)
Please turn the television off
before you go to bed.
turn on 打開, 發動
turn around 轉身
turn up 調高(音量)
turn down 調低; 拒絕
turn into 變成; 進入
turn over 移交
turn off 關閉
拓展: turn相關短語
六
種
時
態
時態 一般現在時 一般過去時 現在進行時 過去進行時 一般將來時 現在完成時
用法 表示經常性發生的動作、習慣性動作或客觀真理、科學事實等。 表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態。 表示現在或現階段正在進行或發生的動作。 表示過去某時正在進行的動作或存在的狀態。 表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態。 表示過去發生或者未發生的事對現在造成的影響或結果。
構成 方式 1. 動詞be(am/is/are) + 表語… 2. 動詞原形 + … (主語是第三人稱單 數，動詞也用第三人稱單數) 1. 動詞was/were + 表語 2. 實義動詞的過 去式 + … be(am/is/are) + 動詞的現在分詞 was / were + 動詞的現在分詞 1. will/shall + 動詞原形 (shall 用于第一人稱) 2. be going to + 動詞原形 主語 + have / has + 過去分詞 + …
句 型 變 化 疑 問 式 1. Be + 主語 + … 2. Do/Does + 主語 + 動詞原形+ … 1. Was/Were + 主 語 + … 2. Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + … Be + 主語 + 動詞的現在分詞 + … Was / Were + 主語 + 動詞的現在分詞 + …？ 1. Will/Shall + 主語 + 動詞原形+ … 2. Be + 主語+ going to + 動詞原形 + … Have / Has + 主語 + 過去分詞 + …？
否 定 式 1. 主語 + be + not + … 2. 主語+don’t/doesn’t + 動詞原形 + … 1. 主語 + was/were + not +… 2. 主語 + didn’t + 動詞原形 + … 主語 + be + not + 動詞的現在分詞 + … 主語 + wasn’t (was not) / weren’t (were not) + 動詞的現在分詞 + … 1. 主語 + will/shall not + 動詞原形 + … 2. 主語 + be + not + going to + 動詞原形 + … 主語 + haven’t / hasn’t + 過去分詞 + …

展開更多......

收起↑