資源簡(jiǎn)介

(共20張PPT)
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the three questions.
a I walk through the doors into the waiting area，where there’s a familiar
atmosphere of boredom and tension.
b ...laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better，which means clown
doctors can be helpful.
c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened...
1　What do “where”，“which” and “when” refer to in each sentence
2　Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which
with extra information If you take away the clauses，do the sentences still
make sense
3　Which clauses are separated by a comma，the ones with
essential information or the ones with extra information
· where 指代the waiting area。
· which 指代laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better。
· when 指代much of the time。
句c 包含一個(gè)有基本信息的從句，句a 和句b 分別包含一個(gè)有附加信息的從句。若去掉句c 的從句，句c 含義不完整；若去掉句a 和句b 中的從句，句a 和句b 意義仍完整。
句a 和句 b 中的從句用逗號(hào)分隔，是含有附加信息的從句。句c 是含有基本信息的從句。
Can you find more sentences with non-defining attributive clauses in
the reading passage
· People sit uncomfortably...looking through old magazines，all of which have been read
hundreds of times previously.
· I speak with the on-duty nurse， who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the hospital after
she fell off her bicycle.
· We have to...work closely with the doctors and nurses，who keep us updated on each patient.
Read the passage and rewrite the tips using non-defining attributive clauses.
·Go for a walk in the countryside， ________ you can enjoy the beautiful views
and a peaceful atmosphere.
· Spend time with your family and friends， ________will activate chemicals in
your brain to make you feel happier.
· Try to accept your mistakes，_____________you can learn a lot.
· Close your eyes and picture the future，________you’ve made your dreams
come true.
where
which
through which
where
Complete the joke with the sentence parts in the box using who/which and put commas in the correct position.
has lost his patience by now he thinks will impress Holmes
is lying next to him he finds annoying
One day，Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson go camping. They put up their tent
under the stars and go to sleep. Suddenly，in the middle of the night，Watson is woken up by Holmes 1 　　 　 . “Watson，”Holmes says，“l(fā)ook up at the stars，and tell me what they tell you.” Not quite sure what he means，Watson thinks Holmes is joking 2 　　　 　 at this time of night. Even so，he replies，“I see millions of stars and it’s quite likely there are some planets like Earth. And if so，this means that there might also be life on other planets.” Watson is pleased with his answer 3 　　 　　.
But Holmes 4 　　 　 　 shouts，“Watson，look around you! Use your eyes! Somebody’s stolen our tent!”
，who is lying next to him
，which he finds annoying
，which he thinks will impress Holmes
，who has lost his patience by now，
Using language (1)
Non-defining attributive clauses
1. I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there's a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.進(jìn)入候診區(qū)，這里充斥著常見的厭煩和緊張情緒。
關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)the waiting area進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明，where在定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
2. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. 人們別扭地坐在塑料椅上，翻著那些已經(jīng)被讀過(guò)數(shù)百遍的舊雜志。
“all of which have been read hundreds of times previously”是非限制定語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明magazines的情況
1. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的定義：
非限制定語(yǔ)從句起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，在句子中不充當(dāng)成分，缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解，它與主句往往用逗號(hào)隔開,將非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放在句子中間，其前后都需要用逗號(hào)隔開。
My watch, which is very old, stopped again.
指代對(duì)象 指代人 指代物
主格 who which, as
賓格 whom which, as
所有格 of whom, whose
which, of which, whose
引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞
引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞主要有：when, where
1 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞
（1）which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。
I bought a novel yesterday，which was written by Han Han. 我昨天買了一本小說(shuō)，是韓寒寫的。
（2）who 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。
My father，who has curly hair，is an excellent cook. 我的父親有一頭卷發(fā)，他是個(gè)很棒的廚師。
（3）whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。
This is Peter，whom you haven’t met before. 這是彼得，你以前沒見過(guò)他。
（4）whose 是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。whose通常指人，也可指動(dòng)物或無(wú)生命的事物。
The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.
（5）as 既可指人也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。
He forgot to bring his pen with him，as was often the case. 他忘了帶筆，這是常有的事。（as 在從句中作主語(yǔ)）
As we all know，water is essential for life. 我們都知道，水是生命所必需的。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（as 在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）
◆單句語(yǔ)法填空
（1）I have a sister, ____________is a doctor.
（2）She was patient with the children， 　　　　 　 her husband seldom was.
（3）The poet， 　　　　 　 poems are best loved，once lived in this region.
（4）I met Professor Xu， 　　　　 　 told me the result of the election.
（5）We won the game， 　　　　 　 we expected.
who
which
whose
who
as
2 引 as 與which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，代替整個(gè)主句，對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，as有“正如....，就像....”之意。若as在從句中作主語(yǔ)，其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。但which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在句中。
As we all know, the earth is round.
注意：在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞不能用that。
◆單句語(yǔ)法填空
（2） 　　　　 　 was often the case，she forgot to bring her homework.
（3）This man， 　　　　 　 you know，is good for nothing.
（4）These apple trees， 　　　　 　 I planted three years ago，have not produced any fruits.
（5）He said that he had never been there before， 　　　　 　 was not true.
As
as
which
which
3 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞
（1）where 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，指代主句中表示地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。
They went to London，where they stayed for six months. 他們?nèi)チ藗惗?，在那兒待了六個(gè)月。
（2）when 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，指代主句中表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。
He will put off the picnic until May 1st，when he will be free.
他將把野餐推遲到5 月1 日，那時(shí)他將有空。
◆單句語(yǔ)法填空
（1）We will put off the trip until next week， 　　　　 　 the weather may be better.
（2）We will be shown around the city：schools， museums and other places， 　　　　 　 other visitors seldom go.
when
where
5 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
限制性定語(yǔ)從句 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
從句不能省略，如果省略整個(gè)句子意思不完整 從句可以省略，如果省略整個(gè)句子意思仍然完整
先行詞可以用that引導(dǎo) 先行詞不可以用that引導(dǎo)
引導(dǎo)詞有時(shí)可以省略 引導(dǎo)詞不可以省略
主句與從句之間不需要用逗號(hào)隔開 主句與從句需要用逗號(hào)隔開
從句只修飾先行詞 從句既可以修飾先行詞，也可以修飾整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分
例句：
I have a brother who is a teacher.
我有一個(gè)當(dāng)老師的弟弟。
（我不是只有這個(gè)弟弟，還有其他弟弟）
I have a brother, who is a teacher.
我有一個(gè)弟弟，他是當(dāng)老師的。
（我只有一個(gè)弟弟，這個(gè)弟弟是當(dāng)老師的）
1. The exam turned out to be very easy, ______ I hadn’t expected.
A. that B. what C. which D. it
答案：C
這里指“這場(chǎng)考試非常容易是我沒有預(yù)料到的”用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，that常用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，故選C。
2. I didn’t recognize the girls were foreigners, _________ English is very good.
A. her B. the C. whose D. their
答案：C
“我并沒有認(rèn)出那些英語(yǔ)非常好的女孩是外國(guó)人”whose English is very good是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故選C。
Read the passage and rewrite the tips using non-defining attributive clauses.
1. Go for a walk in the countryside， ________ you can enjoy the beautiful views
and a peaceful atmosphere.
2. Spend time with your family and friends， ________will activate chemicals in
your brain to make you feel happier.
3. Try to accept your mistakes，you can learn a lot though them.
Try to accept your mistakes，_____________you can learn a lot.
4. Close your eyes and picture the future，________you’ve made your dreams
come true.
where
which
through which
where

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