資源簡介 (共44張PPT)第十一章 句子種類【復習要求】1.識記句子的種類及句子的類型。2.理解并掌握陳述句、疑問句(包括疑問句的種類)、祈使句和感嘆句的結構。【知識要點】英語句子按其使用目的和用途可分為四類:陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。一、陳述句陳述句是用來描述、說明事實或表述說話人的看法的句子。陳述句有肯定式和否定式兩種。其結構為“主語+謂語+……”,否定形式是在助動詞、系動詞或情態動詞后加not。如:Tom is an 8-year-old boy.(肯定式)We don’t have any classes on weekends.(否定式)二、疑問句疑問句即用以提出問題的句子。英語中有四種疑問句:一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反義疑問句。1.一般疑問句能用yes或no回答的疑問句稱為一般疑問句。一般疑問句以系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞提前為標志。如:—Are you a doctor —Yes,I am.(No,I am not.)—Do you usually get up at seven —Yes,I do.(No,I don’t.)2.特殊疑問句特殊疑問句由疑問代詞what,who(m),whose,which或疑問副詞when,where,how,why引導,同時與一般疑問句一樣需要把系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞放在主語前進行提問,需要具體的回答。但當疑問句在句子中作主語或修飾主語時,句子需要用陳述語序。如:—Who is singing in the next room —Jim.—誰在隔壁房間唱歌 —吉姆。—When are you leaving for Shanghai —I’m leaving next week.—你什么時候去上海 —我下星期去。3.選擇疑問句選擇疑問句提出兩種答案供對方選擇。選擇疑問句以or為標志,并且需要直接回答問題。如:—Are you from the south or the north 你來自南方還是北方 —I’m from the south.我來自南方。—Shall we have the meeting this week or next week 我們是本周開會還是下周開會 —Next week,I think.我想是在下周。4.反義疑問句反義疑問句放在陳述句之后,對陳述句所述事實提出相反的疑問。反義疑問句由兩部分組成,前一部分是對事物的陳述,后一部分是簡短的提問。陳述部分是肯定式,反義疑問句用否定式;反之陳述句部分是否定式,反義疑問句則用肯定式。用“Yes”或“No”回答。如:He smokes a lot,doesn’t he 他抽很多煙,不是嗎 Linda isn’t a college student,is she 琳達不是大學生,對嗎 注意:回答這類問題時,如果答語是肯定的,前面要用yes,否則用no。反義疑問句的答語中,英語和漢語翻譯是不一致的。如:—They are not going out,are they —Yes,they are.(No,they aren’t.)—他們不打算出去,是不是 —不,他們打算出去。(是的,他們不打算出去。)三、祈使句祈使句是用來表示請求、命令、勸告、建議等的句子。在祈使句中通常省略作為主語的第二人稱,謂語動詞用動詞原形。有些祈使句以let’s或let us開頭,用于第一人稱和第三人稱的建議或請求。否定句的開頭用Don’t。如:Copy this exercise in your notebook.把這個習題抄在你們的筆記本上。Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.不要怕犯錯誤。Let’s take the child to the park! 讓我們帶孩子去公園吧!四、感嘆句感嘆句用以表示喜怒哀樂等強烈感情。句末用“!”號。其結構為“感嘆詞what或how+被強調部分+……(其余部分與陳述句結構相同)+!”。what(多么)作定語,修飾名詞。單數可數名詞之前用what a(an),復數名詞和不可數名詞之前用what。what和what a(an)與所修飾的名詞之間可以有形容詞。how(多么)作狀語,修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞。如:What a place it is! 多好(糟)的地方啊!How foolish they are! 他們是多么傻啊!*含有there be結構的句子:there be結構的句子表示“某地、某時有或存在”這一概念。其否定句是在be后面加not;一般疑問句是把be提前;特殊疑問句的語序是:疑問詞(+名詞)+be+there 如:—How many boys are there in your class —There are not many.There’re only eight.【例題解析】( )1.Now you’ve already finished the work, you A.aren’t B.don’t C.didn’t D.haven’t【答案】 D【解析】 這是對反義疑問句的考查。you’ve是you have的縮寫,是肯定形式,所以后面用其否定形式haven’t,即選D。( )2.—What is your father —He is . A.well B.fine C.a teacher D.working【答案】 C【解析】 特殊疑問句“what is sb. ”表示的是“某人的職業是什么 ”,所以答案是C。( )3. we are working to make our country more beautiful! A.How hard B.HowC.What hard D.What【答案】 A【解析】 該題考查的是感嘆句。熟悉和掌握感嘆句的結構和用法是答題的關鍵,本題空格處的詞修飾謂語動詞are working,應該用“how+形容詞/副詞+陳述句”的句型結構。答案是A。( )4.—Do you like tea or coffee — . A.Tea or coffee B.Yes.Thank youC.No.Thanks D.Coffee【答案】 D【解析】 本句所考查的是選擇疑問句,注意該類題目在回答時不能用Yes或No來回答,應具體地回答,所以答案是D。【同步精練】( )1.—What’s your father — A.He is OK. B.He is fine.C.He is a doctor. D.He is at work.【答案】 C【解析】 該問句是詢問職業,所以要選“他是醫生”。( )2.—You don’t know French,do you —No,I don’t.A.不,我不懂。 B.是的,我懂。C.是的,我不懂。 D.不,我懂。【答案】 C【解析】對反義疑問句的否定回答。( )3.—Haven’t you written to Mike this week — A.Yes,I’m going to write.B.Not yet,but I’m going to write tomorrow.C.I’m sorry,but he knows I didn’t have enough time.D.Yes,I want to but didn’t have time.【答案】 B【解析】 對現在完成時態的一般疑問句的否定回答。( )4.—You have never seen an American film,have you — .How I wish I had had such a chance! A.Yes,I have B.Yes,I haven’tC.No,I have D.No,I haven’t【答案】 D【解析】 對現在完成時態的反義疑問句的否定回答。( )5.The students went to the Children’s Palace last Sunday, they A.don’t B.weren’tC.do D.didn’t【答案】 D【解析】一般過去時態的反義疑問句。陳述部分用肯定式,反問部分用否定式。( )6.Linda can speak French,can she A.nearly B.almost C.hardly D.hard【答案】 C【解析】情態動詞的反義疑問句,反問部分用肯定式,陳述部分用否定式。( )7.—Will you have some more milk — ,I have had plenty. A.No,thanks B.Yes,thanksC.No,I don’t D.Yes,I do【答案】 A【解析】在表示請求、建議、邀請等的問句中,肯定回答就用Yes,please.否定回答就用No,thank you.( )8.—Do you like tea or coffee — . A.Thank you B.That’s fineC.Yes,I do D.Either will do【答案】 D【解析】在表示請求、建議、邀請等的問句中,肯定回答就用Yes,please.否定回答就用No,thank you.( )9.Don’t lose heart and try it again, A.will you B.shall weC.isn’t she D.aren’t you【答案】 A【解析】祈使句的反義疑問句,不管陳述部分是肯定還是否定,反問部分都用will you。( )10.Mike,clean the windows of the classroom this afternoon, A.do you B.will youC.didn’t you D.don’t you【答案】 B【解析】 祈使句的反義疑問句,不管陳述部分是肯定還是否定,反問部分都用will you。( )11.They made Smith President of the university, they A.wasn’t B.hadn’tC.weren’t D.didn’t【答案】 D【解析】一般過去時態的反義疑問句。( )12.Let’s go to the concert, A.will you B.shall weC.isn’t she D.aren’t you【答案】 B【解析】陳述部分開頭為Let’s,反問部分為 shall we ( )13.The city has a population of 120,000 people, most of them speak English. A.but B.so C.and D.although【答案】 C【解析】 and連接兩個并列句。( )14.There are two roads the town,which one shall we take A.led by B.leading toC.lead D.to lead to【答案】 B【解析】現在分詞短語作定語,修飾roads。( )15. make any noise when your grandma is sleeping. A.Not B.Can’tC.Don’t D.Isn’t【答案】 C【解析】祈使句,“當奶奶在睡覺時,你不要發出噪音?!?br/>( )16.I’m sorry for having telephoned you before. A.not B.can’tC.don’t D.isn’t【答案】 A【解析】對動名詞表否定,是在動名詞前加not。( )17. quickly bad news travels! A.What B.What a C.What an D.How【答案】 D【解析】該題考查的是感嘆句。感嘆詞修飾的是副詞quickly,所以選How。( )18. delicious soup it was! A.What B.What a C.What an D.How【答案】 A【解析】該題感嘆詞修飾的是名詞soup,所以選what。( )19. lovely Christmas presents! A.What B.What a C.What an D.How【答案】 A【解析】該題感嘆詞修飾的是名詞presents,所以選what。( )20.I have read one of his novels a few of his plays. A.or B.as well as C.but D.while【答案】 B【解析】as well as 除了有 “和……一樣好”的意思外,還有“也”“又”“除……之外(也)”的意思。該句意思為:我讀過他的一本小說,還有幾個劇本。( )21.Some are singing others are dancing. A.or B.for C.so D.while【答案】 D【解析】 while 用來表對比,“而”。( )22.There a book,a ruler and two pencils on the desk. A.is B.are C.have D.were【答案】 A【解析】There be 句型中be 動詞用單數還是復數要根據緊跟在be 動詞后的第一個主語來確定。( )23.We shall forget the advice of our teacher. A.always not B.not alwaysC.never D.forever not【答案】 C【解析】never 表示全部否定,“我們將永遠不會忘記老師的建議”。( )24.—Are the bicycles in the garage —No,there in the garage. A.is nothing B.isn’t nothingC.aren’t nothing D.is anything【答案】 A【解析】該句中there be 句型的否定用There isn’t anything./There is nothing.。( )25.When her homework A.does Wendy usually do B.does Wendy usuallyC.Wendy usually does D.usually does Wendy【答案】 A【解析】 when 提問的特殊疑問句中要加助動詞does,且后面要接動詞原形。( )26.Where standing A.is they B.are theyC.do they D.does they【答案】 B【解析】現在進行時態的特殊疑問句。( )27. from London to Gatwick A.How long there is B.What a long wayC.What distance is there D.How far is it【答案】 D【解析】 How far is it from A to B 表示“從A到B有多遠 ”。( )28.There is not much news in today’s paper, A.isn’t it B.are thereC.is there D.aren’t there【答案】 C【解析】 There be 句型的反義疑問句。陳述部分用否定的形式,反問部分要用肯定的形式;陳述部分謂語動詞為單數,反問部分也用單數。( )29.Everything is ready for the party, A.isn’t it B.is itC.aren’t they D.doesn’t it【答案】 A【解析】復合不定代詞 everything 作主語,要看作是第三人稱單數,在反義疑問句中的反問部分要用代詞it。陳述部分用肯定,反問部分要用否定。( )30.He’d done that before, A.wouldn’t he B.shouldn’t heC.hadn’t he D.didn’t he【答案】 C【解析】 句子中的’d done=had done。 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫