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2026屆高職高考英語復習語法第十二章句子成分課件(共51張PPT)

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2026屆高職高考英語復習語法第十二章句子成分課件(共51張PPT)

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(共51張PPT)
第十二章 句子成分
【復習要求】
理解句子的成分。
【知識要點】
英語的句子大都由主語部分與謂語部分組成。句子成分是句中起一定作用的一個組成部分。句子成分可以分為八種:
一、主語
主語是一個句子的主體。它的位置一般在一句之首,可用作主語的有名詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、從句等。如:
Professor Wang is a well known scholar.王教授是一位著名的學者。(名詞)
I read newspaper every day.我每天都看報紙。(代詞)
1002 is my room number.1002是我的房號。(數詞)
To be a professor has always been his dream.
當教授一直是他的夢想。(動詞不定式)
Smoking is harmful to health.吸煙對健康有害。(動名詞)
What we shall do next is not yet decided.
下一步我們做什么還未定下來。(主語從句)
The aged are well taken care of in the village.
這個村里的老人都得到了很好的照顧。 (名詞化的形容詞)
二、謂語
謂語說明主語的動作、狀態或特征,可由簡單動詞或動詞短語構成。如:
His mother is a doctor.(系動詞) We study English.(行為動詞)
We should pay attention to English idioms.
我們應注意英語的習語。(動詞短語)
三、表語
表語的功能是表述主語的特征、狀態、身份等,位于連系動詞之后。可以用作表語的有名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、數詞、介詞短語以及動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞或表語從句等。如:
His father is a lawyer.(名詞)
This dictionary is mine,not hers.(代詞)
He is always careless.他總是粗心。(形容詞)
The football match is on.足球賽正在進行。(副詞)
Your number is 42.你的號碼是42。(數詞)
All the pupils are on the playground.
所有的學生都在操場上。(介詞短語)
Her job is to look after the children.
她的工作是照看孩子。(不定式短語)
His job is teaching you how to use the machine.
他的工作是教你們怎樣使用這臺機器。(動名詞短語)
He seemed surprised at the news.
他似乎對這消息感到吃驚。(分詞)
The key question is how we should solve the problem.
關鍵的問題是我們應該怎樣解決這個問題。(從句)
四、賓語
賓語常常是動作的承受者,一般置于及物動詞或介詞之后。可以作賓語的有名詞、代詞、數詞或與之相當的結構。如:
He bought a computer last year.(名詞)
We help each other and learn from each other.(代詞)
I asked for six.我要了六個。(數詞)
They began to listen to me carefully.(不定式短語)
Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow
你介意明天早點來嗎 (動名詞短語)
We should heal the wounded and save the dying.
我們應該救死扶傷。(名詞化的形容詞或分詞)
I don’t know where he has gone.(從句)
五、定語
定語是用來限定或修飾名詞或代詞的成分,通常由形容詞或有與之相當功能的詞擔任。形容詞作定語修飾名詞時一般放在被修飾語的前面,修飾不定代詞時放在其后面;短語和從句作定語放在被修飾詞的后面。如:
He is an honest boy.(形容詞)
I have something important to tell you.(形容詞)
They are women pilots.她們是女飛行員。(名詞)
His proposal is worth considering.他的建議值得考慮。(代詞)
She met me on her way home.(副詞)
We’ll have a report on current affairs on Sunday morning.
我們周日上午要聽時事報告。(介詞短語)
That’s the teaching plan for you to discuss.
這就是供你們討論的那份教學計劃。(動名詞)
There’s a swimming pool in their college.
他們學校有座游泳池。(動名詞)
The girl playing the violin is very pretty.
拉小提琴的那個女孩很漂亮。(現在分詞)
Those who want to go may go.想去的人都可以去。(從句)
六、狀語
修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子的,叫做狀語。狀語通常由副詞或有與之相當的功能的詞擔任。修飾形容詞或副詞的狀語放在被修飾語之前;修飾動詞的狀語有的放在動詞之前,有的放在動詞之后。如動詞有賓語,狀語一般放在賓語之后。如:
She speaks English quite well.(副詞)
He has been in the hospital for over a week.
他已住醫院一個多星期了。(介詞短語)
He went to France to learn French.(不定式)
Arriving at the station,he found the train gone.
到火車站時,他發現火車已經開走了。(現在分詞)
If I have some spare time,I will take up German.
如果我有空閑時間,我將學習德語。(if引導的狀語從句)
He is leaving for Shanghai the day after tomorrow.(名詞短語)
七、補語
補語用于補充說明主語或賓語。補語通常由形容詞、名詞或其他相當功能的詞擔任。補語可分為賓語補足語和主語補足語。如:
1.賓語補足語:
We call him Lao Bi.我們叫他老畢。(名詞)
I find the book interesting.我覺得這本書很有趣。(形容詞)
The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.
醫生建議她臥床休息一周。(動詞不定式短語)
They saw her walking into the bookstore.
他們看見她進書店了。(分詞短語)
The children saw the kite up and up.
孩子們看到風箏越飛越高。(副詞短語)
You should put your books in order.
你應該把你的書擺整齊。(介詞短語)
若賓語是動詞不定式、動名詞或從句,可用it作形式賓語代替其位置,而將真正賓語放到賓語補足語后面。如:
I found it difficult to finish the task in time.
我覺得按時完成任務很困難。(不定式)
Do you consider it any good sending more people there
你覺得多派一些人去那兒會有好處嗎 (動名詞)
We have made it clear that we disagreed.
我們已清楚地表明我們不同意。(從句)
2.主語補足語:
Lei Feng died young.雷鋒過世得早。(形容詞)
He was found working in the office.
他被發現在辦公室工作。(分詞短語)
八、同位語
同位語位于名詞、代詞或名詞性短語之后,說明其內容。同位語通常由名詞、名詞性短語或從句擔任。
The future belongs to you young people.
未來是屬于你們年輕人的。(名詞短語)
A year is divided into four seasons:spring,summer,autumn and winter.
一年分為四季:春夏秋冬。(名詞)
They each have a dictionary.他們每人有一本詞典。(代詞)
Is there any room for us two 有我們倆人的位置嗎 (數詞)
*注意詞類與句子的成分不同。前者純指單詞的分類,后者則指詞類、短語、從句等在句子中的功能。詞類中也只有具有實義的詞類,如名詞、代詞、數詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等,才可用作句子的成分。其他無實義的虛詞,如冠詞、連詞和介詞,則不可單獨作句子的成分。
【例題解析】
(  )1.Edison     scientific experiments.
A.interested to B.was interested in
C.is interesting D.was interesting in
【答案】 B
【解析】 謂語動詞be interested in表示“對……感興趣”,并且用過去時表示這位已故科學家,所以正確答案為B。
(  )2.This is    .
A.what he told me B.that he told me
C.he told me D.whether he told me
【答案】 A
【解析】 空格部分在句中作表語,而what在表語從句中作told的直接賓語,所以答案是A。
(  )3.It is said that this is the first novel    by Mark Twain.
A.writing B.written C.to write D.write
【答案】 B
【解析】 根據題意,“    by Mark Twain”是作novel的后置定語,而此處有表示被動的含義,所以用過去分詞短語修飾。答案是B。
(  )4.It is so cold here,would you mind    the window
A.close B.closed C.closing D.to close
【答案】 C
【解析】 該題考查的是賓語。在有些動詞(如mind,practise,enjoy,finish,suggest,consider,can’t help等)后面接動名詞作賓語。故答案是C。
【同步精練】
(  )1.As we know,she works very    .
A.hard B.hardly C.good D.fine
【答案】 A
【解析】 work hard “努力學習”“努力工作”, hardly work “幾乎不工作”。
(  )2.The meeting has    till next Thursday.
A.put off B.putting off
C.been put off D.puts off
【答案】 C
【解析】 the meeting 和put off 的關系是被動關系,所以要用被動語態的形式。
(  )3.    Smith is Mr.Smith’s wife.
A.Miss B.Mrs. C.Ms. D.Mr.
【答案】 B
【解析】 Mr.“先生”;Mrs.“太太”,對已婚女士的稱呼;Ms.“女士”,對不明確是否已婚女士的稱呼;Miss“小姐”,對未婚女士的稱呼。
(  )4.He spent a large    of money on his new house.
A.deal B.amount C.number D.piece
【答案】 B
【解析】 a great deal of+u.n.許多、大量;a large amount of+u.n.許多、大量;a large number of+c.n.許多、大量;a piece of+u.n.一張、一片……。
(  )5.He won the first    in the competition.
A.prize B.price C.reward D.premium
【答案】 A
【解析】 在比賽中獲得 “一等獎”用the first prize。
(  )6.It was the largest experiment we have ever had;it   six hours.
A.ended B.finished C.was D.lasted
【答案】 D
【解析】根據句意:試驗持續了6個小時。
(  )7.Keep quiet.Don’t make any    .
A.sound B.noise C.voice D.cry
【答案】 B
【解析】sound聲音、聲響,其含義最廣,指人能聽到的任何聲音,包括大的、小的、好聽的、難聽的、有意義的和無意義的等等。 noise指聲音、噪音、喧鬧聲,指不悅耳的、不和諧的嘈雜聲、喧鬧聲,或任何令人討厭的聲音等。voice 指說話聲、歌唱聲、電臺聲音、鳥叫聲等。cry指哭聲、叫喊聲。
(  )8.China is a    country.
A.developed B.developing
C.develops D.development
【答案】 B
【解析】a developing country 是指“發展中國家”, a developed country 指“發達國家”。
(  )9.Don’t leave the work    by others.
A.doing B.to do
C.done D.being done
【答案】 C
【解析】the work 和do 的關系是被動關系,且do 后還有介詞短語by others,所以do 要變成過去分詞的形式。
(  )10.Is there    
A.important anything B.anything important
C.important nothing D.nothing important
【答案】 B
【解析】形容詞修飾復合不定代詞要放在代詞后面。根據句意:有重要的事情嗎
(  )11.Peter woke up    to find the room so quiet.
A.and surprised B.and surprising
C.and was surprising D.and was surprised
【答案】 D
【解析】and 連接兩個謂語動詞,第二個應該為:was surprised。
(  )12.He washed his face    .
A.clean B.cleaning
C.to be cleaned D.cleaned
【答案】 A
【解析】clean 在該句中是形容詞,做賓語(his face)的補足語。
(  )13.Keep that book carefully.It    a lot of money.
A.worths B.is worth
C.worthed D.is worth of
【答案】 B
【解析】 worth 是一個形容詞,“值得的”,be worth+money 或 be worth+V ing。
(  )14.The film was so    that everybody was    to tears.
A.moving;moved B.moved;moving
C.moved;moved D.moving;moving
【答案】 A
【解析】moving的主語為物,用來形容或修飾物;moved的主語為人,用來形容或修飾人。
(  )15.    is very important    the young people English well.
A.It;for;to study B.This;for;studying
C.That;of;to study D.Which;of;studying
【答案】 A
【解析】該題考查句型:It’s+adj.+for sb.to do sth.。
(  )16.The reason why he didn’t go to school was    he was ill.
A.whether B.that C.what D.if
【答案】 B
【解析】該題考查句型:The reason (why...) was that...。
(  )17.When I came into the room,I heard    the song.
A.he sang B.his sing
C.him singing D.he sing
【答案】 C
【解析】 hear+sb.+singing,表示:聽到某人正在唱歌。
(  )18.I like listening to music but my sister enjoys    .
A.to play piano B.playing the piano
C.to play the piano D.playing piano
【答案】 B
【解析】 enjoy+V ing,play 接樂器的名稱前要加定冠詞the。
(  )19.He    to school on foot,but now he    to school by bicycle.
A.used to go;used to going
B.used to going;used to go
C.was used to go;is used to go
D.used to go;is used to going
【答案】 D
【解析】used to+V“過去常常”, be used to+V ing“習慣于……”。
(  )20.We are looking forward    you at our party,please come on time.
A.to have B.have
C.to having D.having
【答案】 C
【解析】look forward to+V ing,“渴望”“盼望”。
(  )21.We learn English    a second language.
A.as B.like
C.the same as D.as the same
【答案】 A
【解析】 as 是介詞,“作為”的意思。
(  )22.He    Chicago for over three years and nobody knows where he is now.
A.left B.has left
C.was away from D.has been away from
【答案】 D
【解析】從介詞短語for over three years 知道,句子中謂語動詞要用現在完成時。而over three years 是一段時間,所以謂語動詞不能用瞬間動詞leave,而要改成表狀態的詞be away from。
(  )23.It was very cold in the open air.They had to have the fire    all night long.
A.burns B.to burn C.burning D.burned
【答案】 C
【解析】fire 和burn的關系是主動關系,所以要用現在分詞。
(  )24.    his father,Xiao Wang entered the room,   by his siter.
A.Following;followed B.Follow;follow
C.To follow;following D.Followed;following
【答案】 A
【解析】第一個空follow 是“跟著他的父親”,是表主動,所以要用現在分詞;而第二個空的follow后面跟著by,表示是被跟著,所以要用過去分詞。
(  )25.—Did you see Xiao Li at the party
—No,    by the time I arrived.
A.she’d left B.she’s left
C.she was left D.she must leave
【答案】 A
【解析】 “我到達”是一個過去的動作,“她離開”是發生在“我到達”之前,所以用過去完成時。
(  )26.The Lunar New Year was always a happy time    .
A.for us Chinese children
B.for Chinese children as us
C.for Chinese Children like we
D.for we Chinese children
【答案】 A
【解析】Chinese children 是us的同位語,中國小孩就是指我們,我們就是中國小孩。
(  )27.    is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A.What B.This C.That D.It
【答案】 D
【解析】句型:It’s a fact that...
(  )28.The house is not large enough for four people    .
A.to live in B.to be lived in
C.to live D.for living
【答案】 A
【解析】在be+形容詞+不定式結構中,動詞不定式結構與句子的主語之間有邏輯上的動賓關系或主謂關系。當其為動賓關系時,動詞不定式中的動詞應為及物動詞或不及物動詞加介詞構成的相當于及物動詞的詞組。
(  )29.Don’t forget    to me.Let’s keep in touch.
A.to write B.writing
C.having written D.to have written
【答案】 A
【解析】forget to do “忘記要做”,forget doing “忘記做了”。
(  )30.How much did you    this dictionary
A.spend B.cost C.buy D.pay for
【答案】 D
【解析】 spend的主語為人,spend time/money+(in) doing sth.或spend time/money+on sth.;cost 的主語為物;buy 的主語為人,buy sb.sth.或buy sth.for sb.;pay for 的主語為人,pay (money) for sth.。

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