資源簡介 (共49張PPT)第九章 介詞【復習要求】掌握常用介詞和介詞短語的基本用法。【知識要點】一、介詞介詞是一種虛詞,一般不重讀,在句中不單獨作任何句子成分。一般放在名詞前,介詞后面的名詞或相當于名詞的詞語叫做介詞賓語。二、常見介詞的基本用法1.about(1)大約,大概He is about 7 years old.他大約7歲了。(2)關于,有關We usually talk about English.我們經常談論有關英語的話題。(3)“about+不定式”相當于“即將,正要”We are about to go to see a film.我們正要去看電影。2.for(1)表示動作方向“向、往”—May I speak to Mr.Smith 我能與史密斯先生通電話嗎 —He is not in.He has left for Shanghai.他不在,他去上海了。(2)表示目的“為了”They fought for freedom.他們為自由而戰。(3)表示原因“因為”Thank you for your help.謝謝你的幫助。(4)表示一段時間“計、達”We’ve known each other for three years.我們彼此認識已三年了。(5)表示“給、供”I want to buy some food for supper.我要買一些晚餐吃的食物。(6)常見搭配pay for,be good for,look for,send for,wait for,get ready for,make room for,for example,ask for,be late for3.by(1)到……為止By the end of last term,we had learned English for five years.到上學期為止,我們學英語已有五年了。(2)乘坐(交通工具),用(手段、方法)Most of the people in Chengdu go to work by bike.大多數成都人騎自行車上班。(3)被(用于被動語態)Which language is spoken by the largest number of people in the world 世界上哪一種語言是被最多數人講的 (4)常見搭配by the way,by oneself,mean by,one by one4.in(1)在……之中,在……場所里面There are 50 students in the classroom.教室里有50個學生。(2)表示方向The sun rises in the east.太陽從東邊升起。(3)在……時間內Everything will be ready in ten minutes.十分鐘后一切將準備好。(4)用某種語言Can you speak in English 你能用英語說嗎 (5)穿著,裝飾Who is the girl in a red skirt 穿著紅色裙子的女孩是誰 5.on(1)表示在……上面(與表面接觸)There is a dictionary on the desk.桌上有本字典。(2)關于,表示談論的題目There will be a talk on the earth in the afternoon.今天下午將有一場關于地球的演講。(3)表示時間I often visit my grandmother on Sunday.星期天我常常去看望我的祖母。6.to(1)表示方向,指“到(某處),去(某處)”Please come to my home tomorrow.請明天來我家。(2)表示時間,指“到(某時間)”We have classes from Monday to Friday.我們從星期一到星期五上課。(3)表示對象,指“向、為、對、給(某人、某物)”Please give it to Mr.Smart.請把它給斯馬特先生。(4)to“差”(時間表達詞),一般在半個小時以后表示還差多少分鐘就到下一個小時了。這種表達法是先說分鐘,后說小時,中間加to,但是所用的小時要變成下一個小時。如:It is ten to one.現在是12:50,即差10分鐘到13:00。注意:past“過”(時間表達法,一般在半個小時之內表示過了多少分鐘,這種表達法也是先說分鐘,中間加介詞past)如:I get up at ten past six.我在六點十分起床。(5)常見搭配thanks to,next to,prefer to,say goodbye to,listen to,to one’s surprise,come to oneself,point to,help oneself to,write to,get to7.among和between這是一對近義詞,表示“在……當中”。among“在……中間”,表示在三者或三者以上的中間;between“在……之間”,表示在兩者之間。如:He is the tallest among the students.在這群學生當中,他是最高的。The apple is between the two cups.蘋果在兩個杯子之間。8.beside,by,near和next to這幾個詞都可以表示“在旁邊,在附近,靠近”的意思。區別在于:(1)by 和near表示“靠近,在……旁邊”,距離稍微遠一些。如:My house is by the river.我的家在河邊。I live near the park.我住在公園附近。(2)beside“在……的旁邊,靠近”,距離稍微近一些。如:There is a book beside the pen.鋼筆旁邊有一本書。(3)next to “與……相鄰,緊挨著”,距離更近。 如:The bedroom is next to the bathroom.臥室緊挨著浴室。9.in the front of和in front of“in the front of A”結構里,the front of是A不可分割的組成部分,所以翻譯成“A的前部”;“而in front of A”結構里,in front of相當于before,因此,應譯為“在A的前面”。There is a tree in front of the house.在房子前面有一棵樹。There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.在教室前部有一塊黑板。10.with和without(1)with“和……在一起(表示伴隨)”,without “沒有”。如:I often go shopping with my mother.我經常和媽媽一起去購物。Fish can’t live without water.魚離開水就不能活。(2)with表示“帶有……,具有……”。如:The mooncakes with the nuts and eggs are more delicious.有堅果和蛋的月餅更好吃。(3)with表示“以……,用……(表示手段及方法)”。如:With the money he bought things for his lab.他用這些錢為實驗室買東西。11.in,on和at這三個詞既可以表示地點,又可以表示時間。(1)表示地點in指“在……里面”。如:There is a book in my bag.在我的書包里有一本書。on指“在……上面”。如:The book is on the desk.書在桌子上。at指“在(指某一具體地點)”。如:My mother is at the bus stop.我媽媽在車站。(2)表示時間in表示籠統的時間。如:in 1990,in January,in the morningon 表示具體的時間。如:on June 5th,on Monday,on National Day,on a cold morning,on the morning of October 1st。at表示時間的某一點;表示歲數。如:at 7:00,at noon,at the age of seven12.其他常見的介詞搭配(1)動詞(+副詞)+介詞arrive in/at,come from,do well in,feel like,get out of,get into,learn from,knock into,knock at,look like,be made of,be made from,look up,talk about,be used for,take care of,turn into(2)動詞+形容詞+介詞be afraid of,be angry with,be bad for,be different from,be full of,be good at,be sure of,be surprised at(3)其他固定介詞短語a bit of,a lot of,a number of,a piece of,a kind of,all by oneself,all kinds of,by the way,of course,on the way【例題解析】( )1. your help we had no trouble finding his house. A.Thanks for B.Thanks toC.For D.Under【答案】 B【解析】 thanks for意為“因……表示感謝”,整個句子前后意義不連貫;thanks to意為“多虧了……”或“由于……”,是表示原因的短語;C、D也不合題意。所以答案是B。( )2. an old man,the bus was empty. A.Besides B.OnlyC.Except for D.Except【答案】 C【解析】 besides意為“包括……在內之外,還有……”,不符合題意;only也不符合題意;except for意為“除去……”,常用語描述一個實物總體情況中存在的一個例外的情況。而except主要用于排除同類。如:He goes to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.( )3.The boy was scolded being late class. A.for;to B.about;to C.for;for D.because;to【答案】 C【解析】 第一個for表示原因,“由于遲到”,與動詞scold(責備)形成一定的呼應關系。第二個for 表示目的,be late for 是常用搭配。【同步精練】( )1.They were both born March,1981. A.in B.at C.on D.since【答案】 A【解析】 年、月的前面要用介詞in。( )2.The train is starting five minutes. A.in B.at C.for D.still【答案】 A【解析】 in 表示“在什么時間內”。( )3.Great changes have taken place . A.in the last few year B.in the last few yearsC.last year D.on the last year【答案】 B【解析】 句子中的時態是現在完成時,所以時間狀語要用in the last few years。( )4.He went to Shanghai September 3,1991 and came back a cold morning last year. A.in;on B.on;in C.on;on D.in;in【答案】 C【解析】 具體日期前用介詞on,morning 前有形容詞修飾時介詞要用on。( )5.Mrs.Brown came to China 1996. A.on B.of C.to D.in【答案】 D【解析】 年份前用介詞in。( )6.He often goes school six thirty the morning. A.for;to;in B.to;at;in C.to;for;at D.for;at;to【答案】 B【解析】 固定搭配:go to school,in the morning。表具體時間“幾點幾分”前用介詞at。( )7.He arrived Shanghai 9: 30 March 5th. A.at;in;at B.to;on;at C.in;on;at D.in;at;on【答案】 D【解析】 arrive in+大地方,具體時間幾點幾分前用介詞at,具體日期前用介詞on。( )8.The doctor worked five hours a rest. A.for;with B.on;withoutC.about;having D.for;without【答案】 D【解析】表示一段時間用介詞for;根據句意是“沒有休息”,without a rest。( )9.I was very surprised seeing him there. A.to B.in C.at D.by【答案】 C【解析】固定搭配:be surprised at...“對……感到驚訝”。( )10.Mr.Brown had lain the ground four hours before they finally found him. A.on;for B.at;in C.on;after D.in;during【答案】 A【解析】ground 前用介詞on,表示一段時間用介詞for。( )11.The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won the end. A.by B.at C.in D.on【答案】 C【解析】 固定搭配:in the end “最后”。( )12.We didn’t go to bed our mother returned. A.until B.by C.during D.while【答案】 A【解析】固定搭配:not...until...“直到……才……”。( )13.There are many trees of the road! And of the trees is growing larger and larger. A.on both side;a number B.on each sides;a numberC.on both sides;the number D.on either sides;the number【答案】 C【解析】表示“路的兩邊”可用:on both sides of the road 或者 on either side of the road。a number of+可數名詞的復數,表示“許多” “大量”的意思;the number of+可數名詞的復數,表示“……的數目”。( )14.Jiangsu is the east of China,but Japan is the east of China. A.to;in B.in;to C.on;to D.to;on【答案】 B【解析】在表示方位時,in表示在范圍內,on表示接壤,to表示不接壤。( )15.—Can I look up a word your dictionary —I haven’t got me. A.into;about B.in;with C.at;in D.on;on【答案】 B【解析】固定搭配:look up a word in...“在……里查單詞”。( )16.When you are trouble,please ask help us. A.in;for B.in;from C.on;from D.on;of【答案】 B【解析】 固定搭配:be in trouble“處于危險中”, ask sb.for help=ask help from sb.。( )17.This kind of VCD is made China. A.in B.from C.at D.on【答案】 A【解析】 be made in+地點,表示“在什么地方生產的/制造的”。( )18.There are some birds singing the trees. A.in B.on C.at D.from【答案】 A【解析】 in the tree,on the tree 都表示“在樹上”,前者表示是外來的東西,例如小鳥、人等,而后者表示是樹上本身有的東西,如果實、花、枝干等。( )19.—It’s kind you to come to see me. —It’s a pleasure.You were so kind me. A.of;with B.for;with C.of;to D.for;to【答案】 C【解析】句型:It’s kind of sb. to do sth.,be kind to sb.。( )20.Don’t read the sun.It’s bad your eyes. A.in;to B.in;for C.with;to D.in;on【答案】 B【解析】固定搭配:in the sun “在陽光下”,be bad for...“對……有害”。( )21.The woman a blue dress is my teacher. A.in B.on C.of D.at【答案】 A【解析】 in+顏色(+衣服),表示“穿著……顏色的衣服”。( )22.The man stood the window,watching the boys playing outside. A.in B.by C.with D.to【答案】 B【解析】 by表示“在……旁邊”,stand by the window“站在窗邊”。( )23.Did your friend send you something the end of last week A.at B.by C.in D.to【答案】 A【解析】固定搭配:at the end of last week “在上周末”,是一個過去時間,句子中的謂語動詞要用一般過去時;如果用by the end of last week,則句子中的謂語動詞要用過去完成時。( )24.Is there any difference these two sentences A.for B.in C.among D.between【答案】 D【解析】表示“兩者之間”用between,“三者或以上之間”要用among。( )25.No one knew where Mr.Smith lived his daughter. A.besides B.and C.only D.except【答案】 D【解析】 besides和except都表示“除了”的意思,前者表示“除……外,還有……”,后者表示“從整體中除去……”。( )26.His mother often helps him English so he does better English than others. A.with;in B.on;in C.in;with D.with;at【答案】 A【解析】 help sb. with sth. 幫助某人某事,do better in在……做得更好。( )27. the money,she bought a new coat her father. A.With;for B.With;to C.For;with D.To;with【答案】 A【解析】 buy sth. for sb. 為某人買某物。( )28.There is something wrong my bike. A.at B.in C.on D.with【答案】 D【解析】 句型“there is something wrong with sth./sb.”,某物/人有什么問題。( )29.They were invited to an important ball the first time their lives. A.for;in B.at;in C.on;for D.in;with【答案】 A【解析】 for the first time 第一次,in their lives 在他們一生中。( )30.Tom always comes late school. A.at B.inside C.to D.for【答案】 C【解析】 be late for school/come late to school上學遲到。 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫