資源簡介 (共25張PPT)句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子的類型結(jié)構(gòu)并列句簡單句復(fù)合句只有一個主語(或并列主語)加一個謂語(或并列謂語)構(gòu)成的句子是簡單句。含有兩個或兩個以上獨立分句的句子是并列句。由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。一、簡單句主謂主謂賓主謂賓賓補主謂間賓直賓主系表My head aches.我頭疼。The students are studying in the classroom.學(xué)生們正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。They have left.他們已經(jīng)走了。1、主謂在此句型中,謂語是不及物動詞(短語),其后沒有賓語。因為此句型中的動詞(短語)表達的意思已經(jīng)很明確,所以不需要跟賓語,簡單概括就是“誰+做”。有時為了表示動作發(fā)生的頻率、程度、原因、結(jié)果、目的、場所、時間等,可以帶副詞、介詞短語等狀語修飾動詞(短語)。She cried.她哭了。He is running.他正在跑步。Tom is swimming in the pool.Tom正在泳池里游泳。My head aches.我頭疼。The students are studying in the classroom.學(xué)生們正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。They have left.他們已經(jīng)走了。2、主謂賓該句型中的謂語是及物動詞(短語),其后必須跟賓語才能使句意表達完整、準(zhǔn)確。賓語可以由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語充當(dāng),如動詞的 ing形式、動詞不定式或從句等。I like your words. 我喜歡你說的話。She finished her homework . 她完成了作業(yè)。I finished reading the book.我讀完了這本書。He decided to buy a computer.他決定買一臺電腦。My head aches.我頭疼。The students are studying in the classroom.學(xué)生們正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。They have left.他們已經(jīng)走了。3、主謂賓賓補英語中,句式中的動詞雖然是及物動詞,但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思,必須加上一個補充成分來說明賓語,才能使意思完整。賓語補足語的作用是說明賓語的動作或狀態(tài),直接跟在賓語之后。作賓語補足語的主要是名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、分詞、副詞和介詞短語。My head aches.我頭疼。The students are studying in the classroom.學(xué)生們正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。They have left.他們已經(jīng)走了。We elected Tom our monitor . 我們選湯姆為我們的班長。The news made him happy.這個消息使他感到高興。I find it very difficult to solve this problem.我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個問題很難。3、主謂賓賓補①His mother bought him a computer. 他的媽媽給他買了一臺電腦。② He gave Lily a book. 他給了Lily一本書。4、主謂間賓直賓該句式中的謂語動詞需接兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。表示人的是間接賓語;表示物的是直接賓語。間接賓語在前,直接賓語在后。能跟雙賓語的動詞常見的有:give, offer, lend, teach, bring,take, return, send, hand, pass, buy, make, cook, get, sing, ask等。①His mother bought him a computer. 他的媽媽給他買了一臺電腦。② He gave Lily a book. 他給了Lily一本書。My head aches.我頭疼。The students are studying in the classroom.學(xué)生們正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。They have left.他們已經(jīng)走了。區(qū)別:主謂賓賓補VS 主謂間賓直賓We elected Tom our monitor.我們選Tom當(dāng)班長。He gave Lily a book. 他給了Lily一本書。主謂賓賓補主謂間賓直賓沒有主謂關(guān)系My head aches.我頭疼。The students are studying in the classroom.學(xué)生們正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。They have left.他們已經(jīng)走了。有時也可把間接賓語置于直接賓語后,此時間接賓語前需加介詞for或to。(1)間接賓語后置與for連用的動詞有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。Li Hua bought me a birthday present.李華給我買了一件生日禮物。(2)間接賓語后置與to連用的動詞有g(shù)ive, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。She passes him a cup of tea.她遞給他一杯茶。=Li Hua bought a birthday present for me.=She passes a cup of tea to him.4、主謂間賓直賓The story sounds interesting.那個故事聽起來很有趣。Her dream has come true.她的夢想實現(xiàn)了。The food seems to be nice.這食物似乎不錯。Suddenly he became angry.突然他生氣了。5、主系表該句式系動詞和表語二者缺一不可,側(cè)重說明主語是什么或怎么樣。作表語成分的有形容詞、名詞、代詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語、句子等。The story sounds interesting.那個故事聽起來很有趣。Her dream has come true.她的夢想實現(xiàn)了。The food seems to be nice.這食物似乎不錯。Suddenly he became angry.突然他生氣了。系動詞沒有被動形式My head aches.我頭疼。The students are studying in the classroom.學(xué)生們正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。They have left.他們已經(jīng)走了。系動詞1. 表“狀態(tài)”:2. 表“持續(xù)”:3. 表“像”:4. 表“感覺”:5. 表“變化”:6. 表“終止”:remain, keep, standseem, appear, lookfeel, smell, taste, look, soundbecome, turn, make, grow, fall, get, go, come, runprove, turn out(結(jié)果是...)be動詞常見的系表結(jié)構(gòu)短語:come true, fall ill, go bad/blind/deaf/blind, keep fit, go hungry等。二、并列句The story sounds interesting.那個故事聽起來很有趣。Her dream has come true.她的夢想實現(xiàn)了。The food seems to be nice.這食物似乎不錯。Suddenly he became angry.突然他生氣了。兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用并列連詞或標(biāo)點符號(一般是分號;)連接而成的句子叫并列句。These flowers are white and those flowers are red.We fished all day, but we didn't catch a thing.I found a bucket, put it in the sink, and turned the tap on.I took off my coat, searched all my pockets, but couldn't find my key.We fished all day; we didn't catch a thing.Hurry up; it's getting late.The story sounds interesting.那個故事聽起來很有趣。Her dream has come true.她的夢想實現(xiàn)了。The food seems to be nice.這食物似乎不錯。Suddenly he became angry.突然他生氣了。(1)表示順承和遞進,連接兩個同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等連接。The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.(2)表示選擇,常用的連詞有or, either…or…, otherwise等。I like to watch TV or play games in my free time.Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 快點,否則你將錯過公交車。并列句的分類(3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折,常用的連詞有but, yet, while, still, however, nevertheless等。Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who.He was feeling very ill. However, he still went to school.The story sounds interesting.那個故事聽起來很有趣。Her dream has come true.她的夢想實現(xiàn)了。The food seems to be nice.這食物似乎不錯。Suddenly he became angry.突然他生氣了。特別提醒:當(dāng)幾個分句并列時,如果它們之間都是并列關(guān)系,只在最后兩個分句之間加并列連詞and,其余分句用逗號隔開,即:“A, B, C and D”結(jié)構(gòu);如果分句之間關(guān)系各異,則需要分別加并列連詞。例:The suit is new and I like its color and style but it doesn't fit me, so I can't buy it.(4)表示因果關(guān)系,常用的連詞有because, since, for, so, therefore等。He was late for school because he got up late.He got up late so he was late for school.練一練: 找出并列連詞并說明該句子屬于哪一類并列關(guān)系。Neither is he mistaken, nor am I.She not only finished her homework, but (also) washed her clothes.We love peace but we are not afraid of war.He worked hard, yet he failed.The news may be unexpected; nevertheless it is true.Put on your coat, or you'll catch a cold.Start out right away, or/ otherwise you'll miss the first train.It was late, so we went home.We listened eagerly, because he brought news of our families.練一練: 找出并列連詞并說明該句子屬于哪一類并列關(guān)系。三、復(fù)合句The story sounds interesting.那個故事聽起來很有趣。Her dream has come true.她的夢想實現(xiàn)了。The food seems to be nice.這食物似乎不錯。Suddenly he became angry.突然他生氣了。主從復(fù)合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句為句子的主體,從句只用作句子的一個次要成分,不能獨立成為一個句子。從句通常由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo),并由關(guān)聯(lián)詞將從句和主句聯(lián)系在一起。2. 分類:從句按其在復(fù)合句中的作用,分為名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句。Who will go is not important.誰將去并不重要。(1)名詞性從句1)主語從句:在句子中起主語作用的從句叫作主語從句。主語從句可以由連詞(that, whether)、連接代詞(who, whom, whose,which, what, whatever, whoever,whichever等)、連接副詞(when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever等)引導(dǎo),且不能省略。Who will go is not important.誰將去并不重要。Who will go is not important.誰將去并不重要。2)賓語從句:在句子中充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫賓語從句。可以是動詞的賓語;可以是介詞的賓語;也可以是形容詞的賓語。I don't know what he is talking about.我不知道他在談什么。(1)名詞性從句I don't know what he is talking about.我不知道他在談什么。3)表語從句:復(fù)合句中在系動詞后面作表語的從句叫表語從句。常用的連接詞有從屬連詞whether,that; 連接代詞what,who, which等;連接副詞 when, where等。此外,表語從句還可以用as if, as though, because等來引導(dǎo)。if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句。The good new is that he passed the exam.好消息就是他通過考試了。The fact is that he is one of the top three physicists in China.事實是,在中國,他是三位頂尖的物理學(xué)家之一。(1)名詞性從句常用的連接詞有從屬連詞whether,that; 連接代詞what,who, which等;連接副詞 when, where等。此外,表語從句還可以用as if, asThe good new is that he passed the exam.好消息就是他通過考試了。 though, because等來引導(dǎo)。if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句。4)同位語從句:用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。同位語從句往往用來說明某些名詞的實際內(nèi)容或?qū)υ撁~作進一步的解釋。常見的有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, suggestion, conclusion等。He tells us the good new that he passed the exam.他告訴我們他通過考試的好消息。The hope that he may recover is not lost.他會康復(fù)的希望沒有消失。(1)名詞性從句Who will go is not important.誰將去并不重要。在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,用來修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞或整個主句,所以,也稱作形容詞性從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,放在從句句首引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。The man who is talking with my father is a policeman.正和我父親交談的那個人是一個警察。A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.詞典是解釋詞語的書。This is the place where I live. 這是我住的地方。(2)定語從句Who will go is not important.誰將去并不重要。主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語、形容詞、副詞。一般分為九大類,分別為時間、地點 、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。You can tell me if you need help.如果你需要幫助,你就告訴我。Listen and be quiet while others are talking!在別人說話時要聽著,保持安靜!(3)狀語從句 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預(yù)覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫