資源簡介

(共35張PPT)
句子成分
組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。根據各個部分在句子中所起的作用分別稱為主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語、表語和同位語。其中主語和謂語是句子的主體。
主語（Subject)
01
主語是句子的主體部分，是說明的對象，是動作的執行者或發出者。主語通常由名詞、代詞以及動詞 ing形式等充當。
The students are listening to me carefully.
I have good news to tell you.
Running is good for our health.
What impresses me most is their colorful after-class activities.
It was interesting to learn about the history of this place.
用 it 做形式主語翻譯下列句子。
1.在河邊玩耍很危險。
2.失敗后哭是沒有用的。
3. 碰巧我認識他。
It happens that I know him.
It is dangerous to play by the river.
It is no use crying after failure.
練一練
1. Drinking does harm to your health.
找出下列句子的主語，并說明是由什么充當的主語。
2. The meeting starts with a speech by the President.
3. To have good health is extremely important.
4. What caused the fire remains unknown.
5. Five are killed in the accident.
動名詞
名詞
不定式
從句
數詞
6. Both he and his father were there.
名詞性的詞組
7.The poor are in need of help.
名詞化的形容詞
謂語（Predicate）
02
謂語用來說明主語的狀態或行為動作。謂語主要由動詞或動詞短語充當。謂語有時態、語態、主謂一致的變化。謂語有簡單謂語和復合謂語之分。
(1)簡單謂語：由一個實義動詞或動詞短語構成。
He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。
(2)復合謂語：
①由情態動詞、be動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形或動詞的其他形式構成。
You may keep the book for two weeks.這本書你可借兩周。
The students are playing basketball.學生們在打籃球。
②由系動詞加表語構成。
We are students.我們是學生。
常見系動詞：
（1）“狀態”類：be動詞(am, is, are, was, were)
（2）“持續”類：keep, stay, remain等
（3）“表象”類：seem, appear等
（4）“感官”類：look, sound, smell, taste, feel
（5）“變化”類：become, get, turn，grow, go, come, fall, run
（6）“證明”類：prove, turn out（結果是）
常見的系表結構短語：
come true, fall ill, go bad/blind/deaf, keep fit, go hungry等
練一練
找出下列句子的謂語并指出謂語的構成。
1. His parents are teachers.
2. The old man died the next day.
3. We have finished reading this book.
4. You ought to work harder.
5. She felt very cold at that time.
6. He doesn’t like folk music.
系動詞+表語
實義動詞
助動詞+過去分詞
情態動詞+動詞原形
系動詞+表語
助動詞+動詞原形
1．①He ②has_become more and more interested in English.
2．①The_living ②should_go_on_with his work.
3．①The_child ②has_been_brought_up by his grandmother.
4．①To_see ②is_to_believe.
5．①It ②is_necessary ③to_help_him_out.
6．①Four_plus_Five ②is_nine.
7．①He ②can_swim very well.
8．①Playing_football in the street ②is_dangerous.
1．He has become more and more interested in English.
2．The living should go on with his work.
3．The child has been brought up by his grandmother.
4．To see is to believe.
5．It is necessary to help him out.
6．He can swim very well.
7．Playing football in the street is dangerous.
指出下列句子中的主語和謂語。
賓語(Object)
03
賓語表示動作的對象或承受者，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞、短語或從句來充當，它和謂語動詞一起說明主語是什么，一般位于及物動詞(短語)和介詞后面。
He is going to buy a dictionary.(動詞的賓語)
他打算買本字典。
We should learn from him.
我們應向他學習。(介詞的賓語)
賓語種類：
(1)雙賓語：間接賓語＋直接賓語，間接賓語一般指人，直接賓語一般指物。
Lend me your book, please. 把你的書借給我用一用。
(2)復合賓語：賓語＋賓補。
We elected him monitor. 我們選他為班長。
賓語種類
練一練
1.I want to visit the museum.
2.I enjoy listening to popular music.
3.I think that he is fit for the job.
4.I find it hard to learn English.
5.We should help the poor.
6.I don’t know where to go.
找出句中的賓語并寫出類型。
the museum 名詞
listening 現在分詞
that he is fit for the job 賓語從句
it 形式賓語
to learn English 真正賓語
the poor 相當于名詞的詞
where to go 從句
定語(Attribute)
04
定語起修飾、限制名詞或代詞的作用，可分為前置定語和后置定語。一般由形容詞性物主代詞、數詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞(短語)或句子充當。單個詞作定語時常放在被修飾詞之前(前置定語)，而短語或從句作定語時，往往放在被修飾詞之后(后置定語)。
Dalian is a beautiful city. 大連是一個美麗的城市。
Is there any difference between spoken English and written English 英語口語和書面語之間有什么不同嗎？
I have a lot of homework to do. 我有許多作業要做。
例句感知
1.The black bike is mine.
2.What’s your name
3.They made some paper flowers.
4.The boys in the room are in Class Three，Grade One.
5.I have a lot of homework to do.
6.The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.
7.There are fallen leaves on the ground.
形容詞
代詞
名詞
介詞短語
不定式
從句
過去分詞
練一練
1. She likes pink coats best.
2. There are hundreds of teenagers.
3. The dog running after the cat belongs to Miss Li.
4. This is the school that I want to go.
5. The boy crying over there is my sister.
6. The man who visited our class yesterday is warm-hearted.
找出句中的定語。
狀語(Adverbial)
05
狀語用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態特征。可表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、方式、伴隨、條件、程度、讓步、頻率等。狀語的位置很靈活：一般放在句末，但有時也可以放在句首或句中。
I'm very pleased to see you.
見到你我非常高興。
I'll be back in a while.
我一會兒就回來。
We go home twice a month.
我們每月回家兩次。
練一練
1.I will be back in a minute.
2.They are playing on the playground.
3.He was late because he got up late.
4.I got up so late that I missed the train.
5.He often went to school by bike.
6. Please call me if it is necessary.
7.He went to school in spite of bad weather.
8.To make his dream come true, Tom works harder.
找出句中的狀語，并說明其充當的是什么狀語。
時間狀語
地點狀語
原因狀語
結果狀語
方式狀語
條件狀語
讓步狀語
目的狀語
賓語補足語(Object Complement)
06
賓語補足語對賓語進行補充說明。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞(如make等)＋賓語＋賓補。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞（短語）、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞等等充當。
They painted their boat white.他們把船涂成白色。
Let the fresh air in.讓新鮮空氣進來。
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.你絕不可強迫他借錢給你。
We saw her entering the room.我們看見她進入了房間。
We found everything in the lab in good order.
我們發現實驗室里的東西都井然有序。
練一練
1.We can’t leave him alone.
2.I regard him as my best friend.
3.The farmer asked us to have dinner.
4.I saw her playing on the playground.
5.She spoke loudly to make herself heard.
找出句中的賓語補足語，并說明是由什么充當的。
形容詞
介詞短語
不定式
現在分詞
過去分詞
表語(Predicative)
07
表語用以說明主語的身份、特征、狀態、性質、職業、數量、處所等，它一般位于系動詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及從句充當。
1.You look younger than before.
2.My father is a teacher.
3.My job is to teach them English.
4.That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.
練一練
改正下列句子中的錯誤。
1. His job is train swimmers.
2. He seems interesting in the plans.
3. The cake smells nicely.
is后加to
interested
nice
1．He is a lovely boy.
2. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
3．He is playing happily.
4．I shall go there if it doesn't rain.
5．The story happened in Beijing.
指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分。
定語
定語 定語
狀語
狀語
狀語
6．He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
7．His coming late made his teacher unhappy.
8．Please keep the dog out.
9．When he woke up, he found himself under the bed.
10. She looks unhappy today.
狀語
賓補
賓補
賓補
表語
11. He remained in poor health all those years.
12. I like listening to popular music.
13. They visited an exhibition yesterday.
14. My job is to teach English.
表語
賓語
表語
賓語
同位語（Appositive）
08
同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞，對句子中的名詞（短語）或代詞作進一步解釋、說明，與前面的成分在語法上處于同等地位。英語句子表達中一般是沒有同位語的，如果要對前面的名詞的具體內容作進一步的說明，這時候就需要同位語。可以用作同位語的有：名詞（短語）、代詞、數詞、介詞短語、不定式、動名詞和從句等。
1.We young people should respect the old.（名詞）
2.He himself will do the experiment.（代詞）
3.He is the oldest among them five. （數詞）
4.News came that our team won the game. （從句)
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