資源簡介

Section Ⅳ　Writing a summary
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
　　Global light pollution has increased by at least 49% over 25 years， new research shows.This data （數據） only includes light which can be seen through satellites， and scientists think the true increase may be significantly higher — up to 270% globally， and 400% in some areas.
　　This study shows not only how bad light pollution has become as a problem of the whole world， but also that it is continuing to get worse， probably at a faster and faster rate.
　　The study highlights the “hidden impact （影響）” of the LED technology.LEDs send out more blue light than previous lamp technology， but satellite sensors can’t discover this blue light and so underestimate （低估） the level of emissions （排放物）.The authors say the actual increase in the power sent out by outdoor lighting， and thus of light pollution， may be as high as 270%.“To take the UK as an example， if you pay no attention to the effect of the change to LEDs， you get the false impression that light pollution has recently weakened，” said researcher Dr Sanchez de Miguel.“However， it has really increased， very remarkably.”
　　Contrary to popular belief， the LED streetlights， while potentially providing some energy savings， has increased light pollution and also the impacts on flying insects.
　　Ruskin Hartley， Executive Director of the International Dark-Sky Association， said， “Over the past 25 years， the use of LED lighting has been accompanied by rapid increases in light pollution all over the world.”
　　If no action is taken to change this trend （趨勢）， the impact on the natural environment will speed up， further worsening the biodiversity （生物多樣性） crisis and wasting energy.Many studies have now shown that light pollution， from streetlights and other sources， can have major impacts on the natural environment.Such pollution is likely to have played a role in the huge decrease in insect populations.
1.How does the author illustrate that light pollution becomes worse？
A.By referring to certain theories. B.By providing comparative data.
C.By listing a lot of opinions. D.By giving some examples.
2.Why was light pollution in the UK underestimated？
A.Emission levels of LEDs are low.
B.Satellite sensors are blind to LEDs.
C.Outdoor lighting is limited in the UK.
D.LEDs are less and less used in the UK.
3.What’s the general belief of LED streetlights？
A.They are good for insects. B.They save lots of energy.
C.They cause light pollution. D.They are environment-friendly.
4.What does the last paragraph focus on？
A.The harm of light pollution. B.The causes of biological crises.
C.The trend of insect populations. D.The importance of the natural environment.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　When Arun Krishnamurthy was a teenager， he witnessed a pond near his home filling up with garbage.The 　5　 to the pond inspired him to become a conservationist.
　　In 2007， Krishnamurthy 　6　 the Environmentalist Foundation of India （EFI） — a group that restores freshwater lakes and ponds across India.The team works to 　7　 garbage and restores the natural habitats of birds， frogs and native plants， giving wildlife a chance to 　8　.Over the last 13 years， EFI has 　9　 restoration work on 112 lakes and ponds.
　　EFI’s 　10　 goal is to restore lakes and ponds， but the organization’s work also benefits India’s water 　11　， because restoring water bodies helps groundwater recharge.In fact， groundwater is 　12　 to India， accounting for 80% of its water supply.　13　， exploitation（開發） — for domestic and agricultural use — is 　14　 reserves at a worrying rate.
　　The government needs to 　15　， but Krishnamurthy believes 　16　 also have a significant role to play.That’s why he wants to raise 　17　 of water’s importance in people’s daily lives.He points to the fact that groundwater in India is used for free， and a lot of it is 　18　.But he feels hopeful not only for India but for the world.He 　19　 people everywhere to pay attention to the dumping of waste and needs of wildlife.With the “right intentions”， says Krishnamurthy， everyone “can make an impact on our planet”.
5.A.introduction　　　 B.reference
C.damage D.response
6.A.founded B.imagined
C.attracted D.understood
7.A.store B.recycle
C.create D.remove
8.A.hide B.return
C.function D.repeat
9.A.given away B.stood up
C.carried out D.put off
10.A.private B.primary
C.financial D.educational
11.A.supply B.color
C.test D.port
12.A.familiar B.available
C.critical D.certain
13.A.However B.Therefore
C.Instead D.Besides
14.A.proving B.calculating
C.managing D.reducing
15.A.make way B.make sense
C.take place D.take action
16.A.members B.individuals
C.farmers D.volunteers
17.A.ability B.conflicts
C.awareness D.standards
18.A.wasted B.discovered
C.studied D.shared
19.A.allows B.convinces
C.forces D.urges
Ⅲ.讀后續寫
　　閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
　　“Mom！” I screamed as I looked through the window， “Why is my Ink Spot sitting in Mrs Cleary’s window？”
　　Mom pushed past me to confirm it.Sure enough， across the street was Ink Spot cleaning himself in the window of Mrs Cleary’s sitting room.I couldn’t believe my eyes.He was my cat， not Mrs Cleary’s.She had already adopted twelve cats.Why must she keep my cat？I could feel anger boiling up inside me.Meanwhile， Ink Spot’s leaving without any signs upset me.A sense of being left out hit me hard.
　　Ink Spot was special for me.After my baby sister’s birth， “my” parents’ time was taken by her.It seemed no one in the family cared about or even noticed me.Worse still， I was packed off to a kindergarten.I hated being left out from the bottom of my heart.
　　It was when Mom noticed me weeping in a corner one night that things began to change.After that， Ink Spot came into my life.Every night， he curled （卷曲） up beside me in bed and he was there for me after school when I raced home just to be with him.
　　I fell in love with Ink Spot the first time I saw its tiny black and white kitten， for which I called him Ink Spot.Mom and Daddy beamed with pleasure as my eyes danced with joy again.It was the first time that I had smiled since my little baby sister came into the family.As for me， he was more than a cat.Actually， he was my life.
　　But today when I came home， Ink Spot was in Mrs Cleary’s window.I wanted him back.But Mom insisted that if Ink Spot stayed at Mrs Cleary’s， that meant it was where he wanted to be.“No！Mom， Ink Spot is my cat”， I protested wildly but I had to admit the truth of Mom’s words.Standing on the sidewalk， I was at a loss as to what to do.Staring at Ink Spot for a while， I couldn’t stand the anger any longer.
注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
I walked towards Mrs Cleary’s house hurriedly and knocked at the door angrily.　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Upon seeing me， Ink Spot jumped off the window， running towards me in a flash.　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅳ　Writing a summary
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，光污染已經成為一個全球性問題，而且還在繼續惡化，可能會以越來越快的速度惡化，該研究還強調了LED技術的“隱性影響”。
1.B　細節理解題。根據第一段內容可知，作者通過提供比較數據來說明光污染越來越嚴重。
2.B　細節理解題。根據第三段中的LEDs send out more blue light than previous lamp technology， but satellite sensors can’t discover this blue light and so underestimate （低估） the level of emissions （排放物）.可知，英國的光污染被低估了是因為衛星傳感器看不到LED。
3.B　推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段內容可知，大家對LED路燈的普遍看法是它們節省了大量的能源。
4.A　段落大意題。根據最后一段內容可知，最后一段著重論述了光污染的危害。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Arun Krishnamurthy和他的團隊清理池塘、湖泊中的垃圾的故事。他呼吁世界各地的人們關注垃圾傾倒和野生動物的需求。
5.C　根據上文he witnessed a pond near his home filling up with garbage可知，他發現他家附近的池塘中滿是垃圾，所以此處指對池塘的破壞促使他成為一名自然環境保護主義者。introduction介紹；reference參考；damage破壞；response回應。
6.A　根據空后的the Environmentalist Foundation of India （EFI）可知，2007年，Krishnamurthy建立了一個叫作EFI的組織。found建立，創建；imagine想象；attract吸引；understand理解。
7.D　根據上文a group that restores freshwater lakes and ponds across India可知，要修復淡水湖，要先把水中的垃圾去除掉。store貯存；recycle回收；create創建；remove去除，移除。
8.B　根據上文restores the natural habitats of birds， frogs and native plants可知，恢復了鳥類、青蛙和本土植物的棲息地之后，這些野生動物可能會返回。hide隱藏；return返回；function起作用，正常運轉；repeat重復。
9.C　這個組織在印度各地修復淡水湖和池塘，所以此處指過去的13年里，他們實施了112個湖泊和池塘的修復工作。give away贈送，分發；stand up站起來；carry out實施；put off推遲。
10.B　根據下文to restore lakes and ponds可知，這個組織的主要目標是恢復湖泊和池塘。private私人的；primary主要的；financial財政的；educational教育的。
11.A　根據下文groundwater recharge可知，此處指水的供應量。supply供應量，儲量；color顏色；test測試；port港口。
12.C　根據下文accounting for 80% of its water supply可知，地下水的儲量占到印度水的總供應量的80%，所以是非常重要的。familiar熟悉的；available可利用的；critical關鍵的，極重要的；certain某個的。
13.A　根據下文at a worrying rate可知，盡管地下水的儲量大，國內和農業用途的開采正在以令人擔憂的速度減少地下水的儲量，因而此處與上文屬于轉折關系。however然而；therefore因此；instead代替；besides而且。
14.D　參見上題解析。prove證明；calculate計算；manage管理，經營；reduce減少。
15.D　印度的地下水的開采正在減少地下水的儲量，所以對于這個被印度視為極其重要的問題上，政府需要采取措施。make way給……讓道；make sense講得通，有道理；take place發生；take action采取行動。
16.B　政府需要采取行動，所以此處Krishnamurthy認為個人也要參與。member成員；individual個人；farmer農民；volunteer志愿者。
17.C　此處指通過自己的行動，他想喚起人們對水在人們日常生活中的重要性的認識。raise （one’s） awareness of喚起（某人的）……意識。ability能力；conflict沖突；awareness意識；standard標準。
18.A　根據上文groundwater in India is used for free可知，水的使用是免費的，所以許多人在浪費。waste浪費；discover發現；study研究；share分享。
19.D　根據下文to pay attention to the dumping of waste and needs of wildlife可知，他力勸人們去關注垃圾傾倒和野生動物的需求。allow允許；convince使信服，使確信；force強迫；urge敦促，力勸。
Ⅲ.
參考范文：
　　I walked towards Mrs Cleary’s house hurriedly and knocked at the door angrily.The moment she opened the door， I asked Mrs Cleary with watery eyes， “Why is my cat in your window？” Confused， Mrs Cleary responded， “I didn’t know he was yours.I just thought he was another abandoned cat， so I took him in just like I took in all the rest.If what I did has hurt you， I am awfully sorry.” Then she led me directly to the sitting room， where cats were playing happily.
　　Upon seeing me， Ink Spot jumped off the window， running towards me in a flash.A flood of excitement passed through my body.I immediately picked him up and held him close as he rubbed beneath my chin purring loudly.Seeing my cat well taken care of， I realized I had misunderstood my caring neighbor.Now my anger gave way to gratitude.I thanked her again and again before I took Ink Spot to my home， where I thought he should belong.The lost and found companion made me feel I was someone again.
3 / 3Section Ⅳ　Writing a summary
Step 1　品教材范文 Step 2　析寫作手法
　　British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs.Such a habit is so popular that many people plant easy-to-grow herbs in their own tea gardens. There are many flavours of fruit and herbal teas， including traditional lemon and ginger， as well as many unusual flavours such as mango， strawberry， apple， pear， blackberry leaf and dandelion.Aside from the variety of flavours， herbal tea also has various health benefits.Some can help people relax， and some， like ginger tea， are good for the immune system， while others， such as mint tea， are beneficial for digestion. 【學語言】 本文為概要寫作。范文分為三部分，三部分中心內容分別為Their popularity， Unusual flavours， Health benefits。范文正是從文章中心內容入手，然后用不同的表達，如so ...that ...結構，there be句型等；另外作者用不同的連接詞或短語將不同段落的內容連接起來，使文章更加順暢；除此之外，范文還對信息進行了適當地整合與重組。 【學結構】 讀懂原文，歸納大意（Their popularity， Unusual flavours， Health benefits）→細讀段落；明確要點（many people grow their very own tea gardens with easy-to-grow herbs/mango， strawberry， apple， pear， blackberry leaf and dandelion/It can be good for digestion）→添加細節，豐富內容→整合句子，重組文章→銜接過渡，連句成篇。
Step 3　背出彩佳句
1.When some waste chemicals are put into the sea， they can hurt or kill animals and fish.
當一些化學廢料被排放到海洋時，它們會傷害或殺死動物和魚類。
2.As can be seen from the chart， an increasing number of people own mobile phones in China now.
從圖表中可以看出，現在中國越來越多的人擁有手機。
3.Nowadays some teenagers prefer to watch TV at home rather than go out for exercise.
如今，一些青少年寧愿在家看電視也不愿意出去做運動。
4.Our city has developed into a big one， which is four times the size of what it used to be.
我們的城市已經發展成了一個大城市，是原來的四倍大。
5.The harder you work， the greater progress you will make.
你學習越努力，取得的進步就越大。
6.There’s no doubt that it can enhance people’s consciousness of health， but it is likely to result in over anxiety.
毫無疑問，它能增強人們的健康意識，但更有可能引起過度焦慮。
　　閱讀下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。
Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats， or homelands，are disappearing.Traditional migration paths take birds through countries that are not protecting locations to stop，rest and feed.The scientists studied the migration， or fight， paths， of almost 1，500 species.They decided that 91 percent of them passed through dangerous areas.
The major danger for migratory birds is development.Building and paving have covered over nature where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another.For example， a bird called the bar-tailed godwit migrates from its breeding grounds in the Arctic.It flies all the way to the southern hemisphere in Australia and New Zealand.Along the way，the small birds stop at Yellow Sea mudflats in China， North Korea and South Korea.
One of the scientists working on the study says “many of these critical sites have been lost to land reclamation （開墾） owing to urban， industrial and agricultural expansion.” The problem， according to investigators，is that many of these small birds die along their migration because they don’t have a safe place to eat and rest.There is no place to restore their energy for the next leg of their journey.“They simply perish （死亡） along the way，” says one of the scientists.Countries in North Africa， Central Asia and those along the coasts of East Asia are having the most difficult time conserving land.The scientists say these countries do not have enough areas that are safe for birds.
The researchers say countries need to work together and provide safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries.For example， one country might have preserved safe zones for migrating birds.But a neighbor country might not.A bird might perish.One scientist tells the Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing， more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds.He says small changes — like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of areas birds would be likely to use — could make a big difference.
一、讀懂原文，歸納大意
　　本文是說明文，全文共分四段。每段的主旨大意如下：
第一段：科學家指出世界上大部分的鳥類的生存受到威脅，因為鳥類正在失去它們的棲息地；
第二段：對鳥類最大的威脅來自人類的經濟發展；
第三段：因為鳥兒們找不到一個安全的棲息場所，大量的鳥兒死在遷徙的途中；
第四段：呼吁世界各國加強合作，為過境的鳥兒提供一個安全的棲息地。只有這樣，才能改變或改善現狀。
　　本文是典型的“總—分—總”的結構，即“提出問題—分析問題—提出解決辦法”。文章結構明確，要點清晰。
二、定位主題句，提煉關鍵信息
　　在讀懂原文，抓住大意的基礎上，接下來需要逐段定位每個段落的主題句，并以提綱的形式記錄下來。
第一段：Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats，or homelands，are disappearing.
第二段：The major danger for migratory birds is development.
第三段：The problem，according to investigators，is that many of these small birds die along their migration because they don’t have a safe place to eat and rest.
第四段：The researchers say countries need to work together and provide safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries.Small changes could make a big difference.
三、整理要點，轉換表達
要點1：第一段主題句可概括為要點1。主題句中的bird species are in danger可改為endangered bird species； because their habitats， or homelands， are disappearing可改為短語due to the disappearance of their habitats or homelands。
要點2：第二段主題句可概括為要點2。主題句中的The major danger for migratory birds is development.可運用另一種句式結構變換表達方式，比如：Development accounts for/is to blame for the major danger of migratory birds.
要點3：第三段主題句可概括為要點3。主題句中的because they don’t have a safe place to eat and rest可整合為for lacking of a safe eating and resting place。
要點4：第四段主題句可概括為要點4。主題句中的need to work together可用make joint efforts來替換； small changes可改為a little kindness； make a big difference可改為contribute a lot。
四、銜接過渡，連句成篇
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
情感描寫 sheet n.（冰或水等的）一大片 white as a sheet 面無血色 harmony n.融洽相處，和諧
動作描寫 prevent v.阻擋，防止 harm v.傷害，損害 wrap v.包，裹 wrap one’s arms around 擁抱 thunder v.打雷；轟隆地響；大聲斥責
環境描寫 shallow adj.淺的 pleasant adj.令人愉快的 grand adj.宏偉的，壯麗的 waterfall n.瀑布 tunnel n.隧道 desert n.沙漠，荒漠 climate n.氣候 branch n.樹枝
　　請從以上語料中選擇合適的詞匯，并用適當的過渡詞完成以下語段。
蓋茨先生如此生氣，以至于無法克制住自己的憤怒。他轉過身憤怒地大聲說，“你最好解釋一下發生了什么！”富蘭克林躲在門后，變得面無血色。過了很長時間之后，富蘭克林終于鼓起勇氣走了出來。出乎他預料的是，蓋茨先生擁抱了他，小聲說，“對不起。你不是故意那樣做的。沒有什么比你更重要。”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅳ　Writing a summary
【演練佳作·寫美文】
寫作步驟
四、
　　Scientists say a large percentage of bird species are endangered due to the disappearance of their habitats or homelands，（要點1） for which development should take the responsibility.（要點2） Also，investigators add that not having a safe eating or resting place is to blame for the death of birds during their immigration.（要點3 ）Thus，countries should make joint efforts to save the birds and a little kindness can contribute a lot.（要點4）
【教材詞匯·練續寫】
　　Mr Gates was so angry that he couldn’t contain his anger.He turned around and thundered in anger，“You’d better explain what’s going on！” Hiding himself behind the door，Franklin went white as a sheet.After what seemed for ages，Franklin eventually gathered courage to come out.Quite out of his expectation，Mr Gates wrapped his arms around him，murmuring，“I’m sorry.You didn’t do it by design.Nothing is more important than you.”
3 / 3(共59張PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Writing a summary
目 錄
2
演練佳作·寫美文
1
細品課文·學手法
3
教材詞匯·練續寫
4
課時檢測·提能力
細品課文·學手法
培養思維品質
1
British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs.Such a habit is so
popular that many people plant easy-to-grow herbs in their own tea
gardens. There are many flavours of fruit and herbal teas， including
traditional lemon and ginger， as well as many unusual flavours such as
mango， strawberry， apple， pear， blackberry leaf and
dandelion.Aside from the variety of flavours， herbal tea also has various
health benefits.Some can help people relax， and some， like ginger
tea， are good for the immune system， while others， such as mint tea，
are beneficial for digestion.
Step 1　品教材范文
Step 2　析寫作手法
【學語言】
本文為概要寫作。范文分為三部分，三部分中心內容分別為Their
popularity， Unusual flavours， Health benefits。范文正是從文章中心
內容入手，然后用不同的表達，如so ...that ...結構，there be句型
等；另外作者用不同的連接詞或短語將不同段落的內容連接起來，使
文章更加順暢；除此之外，范文還對信息進行了適當地整合與重組。
【學結構】
讀懂原文，歸納大意（Their popularity， Unusual flavours， Health benefits）→細讀段落；明確要點（many people grow their very own tea gardens with easy-to-grow herbs/mango， strawberry， apple， pear， blackberry leaf and dandelion/It can be good for digestion）→添加細節，豐富內容→整合句子，重組文章→銜接過渡，連句成篇。
Step 3　背出彩佳句
1. When some waste chemicals are put into the sea， they can hurt or kill
animals and fish.
當一些化學廢料被排放到海洋時，它們會傷害或殺死動物和魚類。
2. As can be seen from the chart， an increasing number of people own
mobile phones in China now.
從圖表中可以看出，現在中國越來越多的人擁有手機。
3. Nowadays some teenagers prefer to watch TV at home rather than go
out for exercise.
如今，一些青少年寧愿在家看電視也不愿意出去做運動。
4. Our city has developed into a big one， which is four times the size of
what it used to be.
我們的城市已經發展成了一個大城市，是原來的四倍大。
5. The harder you work， the greater progress you will make.
你學習越努力，取得的進步就越大。
6. There’s no doubt that it can enhance people’s consciousness of
health， but it is likely to result in over anxiety.
毫無疑問，它能增強人們的健康意識，但更有可能引起過度焦慮。
演練佳作·寫美文
奠定寫作功底
2
　　閱讀下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。
Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because
their habitats， or homelands，are disappearing.Traditional migration
paths take birds through countries that are not protecting locations to
stop，rest and feed.The scientists studied the migration， or fight，
paths， of almost 1，500 species.They decided that 91 percent of them
passed through dangerous areas.
The major danger for migratory birds is development.Building and
paving have covered over nature where birds stop and feed as they move
from one part of the world to another.For example， a bird called the bar-
tailed godwit migrates from its breeding grounds in the Arctic.It flies all
the way to the southern hemisphere in Australia and New Zealand.Along
the way，the small birds stop at Yellow Sea mudflats in China， North
Korea and South Korea.
One of the scientists working on the study says “many of these
critical sites have been lost to land reclamation （開墾） owing to
urban， industrial and agricultural expansion.” The problem， according
to investigators，is that many of these small birds die along their migration
because they don’t have a safe place to eat and rest.There is no place to
restore their energy for the next leg of their journey.“They simply perish
（死亡） along the way，” says one of the scientists.Countries in North
Africa， Central Asia and those along the coasts of East Asia are having
the most difficult time conserving land.The scientists say these countries
do not have enough areas that are safe for birds.
The researchers say countries need to work together and provide safe
stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries.For example，
one country might have preserved safe zones for migrating birds.But a
neighbor country might not.A bird might perish.One scientist tells the Los
Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing， more work can be
done to make urban areas safe for birds.He says small changes — like
planting more native plants or keeping cats out of areas birds would be
likely to use — could make a big difference.
一、讀懂原文，歸納大意
　　本文是說明文，全文共分四段。每段的主旨大意如下：
第一段：科學家指出世界上大部分的鳥類的生存受到威脅，因為
鳥類正在失去它們的棲息地；
第二段：對鳥類最大的威脅來自人類的經濟發展；
第三段：因為鳥兒們找不到一個安全的棲息場所，大量的鳥兒死
在遷徙的途中；
　　第四段：呼吁世界各國加強合作，為過境的鳥兒提供一個安全的
棲息地。只有這樣，才能改變或改善現狀。
本文是典型的“總—分—總”的結構，即“提出問題—分析問
題—提出解決辦法”。文章結構明確，要點清晰。
二、定位主題句，提煉關鍵信息
　　在讀懂原文，抓住大意的基礎上，接下來需要逐段定位每個段落
的主題句，并以提綱的形式記錄下來。
第一段：Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in
danger because their habitats，or homelands，are disappearing.
第二段：The major danger for migratory birds is development.
第三段：The problem，according to investigators，is that many of
these small birds die along their migration because they don’t have a safe
place to eat and rest.
第四段：The researchers say countries need to work together and
provide safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their
boundaries.Small changes could make a big difference.
三、整理要點，轉換表達
要點1：第一段主題句可概括為要點1。主題句中的bird species are
in danger可改為endangered bird species； because their habitats， or
homelands， are disappearing可改為短語due to the disappearance of their
habitats or homelands。
要點2：第二段主題句可概括為要點2。主題句中的The major
danger for migratory birds is development.可運用另一種句式結構變換
表達方式，比如：Development accounts for/is to blame for the major
danger of migratory birds.
要點3：第三段主題句可概括為要點3。主題句中的because they
don’t have a safe place to eat and rest可整合為for lacking of a safe
eating and resting place。
要點4：第四段主題句可概括為要點4。主題句中的need to work
together可用make joint efforts來替換； small changes可改為a little
kindness； make a big difference可改為contribute a lot。
四、銜接過渡，連句成篇
　　






　　 　Scientists say a large percentage of bird species are endangered due
to the disappearance of their habitats or homelands，（要點1） for which
development should take the responsibility.（要點2） Also，
investigators add that not having a safe eating or resting place is to blame
for the death of birds during their immigration.（要點3 ）Thus，
countries should make joint efforts to save the birds and a little kindness
can contribute a lot.（要點4）　
教材詞匯·練續寫
體現學以致用
3
情感 描寫 sheet n.（冰或水等的）一大片　　　
white as a sheet 面無血色　　　
harmony n.融洽相處，和諧
動作 描寫 prevent v.阻擋，防止　　　　　　　　
harm v.傷害，損害　　　　　　　　　　
wrap v.包，裹
wrap one’s arms around 擁抱　　
thunder v.打雷；轟隆地響；大聲斥責
環
境 描
寫 shallow adj.淺的　　　　　　
pleasant adj.令人愉快的　　　　　　
grand adj.宏偉的，壯麗的
waterfall n.瀑布　　
tunnel n.隧道　
desert n.沙漠，荒漠
climate n.氣候　　
branch n.樹枝
　　請從以上語料中選擇合適的詞匯，并用適當的過渡詞完成以
下語段。
蓋茨先生如此生氣，以至于無法克制住自己的憤怒。他轉過身憤
怒地大聲說，“你最好解釋一下發生了什么！”富蘭克林躲在門后，
變得面無血色。過了很長時間之后，富蘭克林終于鼓起勇氣走了出
來。出乎他預料的是，蓋茨先生擁抱了他，小聲說，“對不起。你不
是故意那樣做的。沒有什么比你更重要。”







　Mr Gates was so angry that he couldn’t contain his anger.He
turned around and thundered in anger，“You’d better explain what’s
going on！” Hiding himself behind the door，Franklin went white as a
sheet.After what seemed for ages，Franklin eventually gathered courage
to come out.Quite out of his expectation，Mr Gates wrapped his arms
around him，murmuring，“I’m sorry.You didn’t do it by
design.Nothing is more important than you.”　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
　　Global light pollution has increased by at least 49% over 25 years，
new research shows.This data （數據） only includes light which can be
seen through satellites， and scientists think the true increase may be
significantly higher — up to 270% globally， and 400% in some areas.
　　This study shows not only how bad light pollution has become as a
problem of the whole world， but also that it is continuing to get worse，
probably at a faster and faster rate.
　　The study highlights the “hidden impact （影響）” of the LED
technology.LEDs send out more blue light than previous lamp
technology， but satellite sensors can’t discover this blue light and so
underestimate （低估） the level of emissions （排放物）.The authors
say the actual increase in the power sent out by outdoor lighting， and thus
of light pollution， may be as high as 270%.“To take the UK as an
example， if you pay no attention to the effect of the change to LEDs，
you get the false impression that light pollution has recently weakened，”
said researcher Dr Sanchez de Miguel.“However， it has really
increased， very remarkably.”
　　Contrary to popular belief， the LED streetlights， while potentially
providing some energy savings， has increased light pollution and also the
impacts on flying insects.
　　Ruskin Hartley， Executive Director of the International Dark-Sky
Association， said， “Over the past 25 years， the use of LED lighting
has been accompanied by rapid increases in light pollution all over the
world.”
　　If no action is taken to change this trend （趨勢）， the impact on
the natural environment will speed up， further worsening the biodiversity
（生物多樣性） crisis and wasting energy.Many studies have now shown
that light pollution， from streetlights and other sources， can have major
impacts on the natural environment.Such pollution is likely to have played
a role in the huge decrease in insect populations.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，光污染已經成為一個全
球性問題，而且還在繼續惡化，可能會以越來越快的速度惡化，該
研究還強調了LED技術的“隱性影響”。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，光污染已經成為一個全
球性問題，而且還在繼續惡化，可能會以越來越快的速度惡化，該
研究還強調了LED技術的“隱性影響”。
1. How does the author illustrate that light pollution becomes worse？
A. By referring to certain theories.
B. By providing comparative data.
C. By listing a lot of opinions.
D. By giving some examples.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段內容可知，作者通過提供比較
數據來說明光污染越來越嚴重。
2. Why was light pollution in the UK underestimated？
A. Emission levels of LEDs are low.
B. Satellite sensors are blind to LEDs.
C. Outdoor lighting is limited in the UK.
D. LEDs are less and less used in the UK.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段中的LEDs send out more blue
light than previous lamp technology， but satellite sensors can’t
discover this blue light and so underestimate （低估） the level of
emissions （排放物）.可知，英國的光污染被低估了是因為衛星傳
感器看不到LED。
3. What’s the general belief of LED streetlights？
A. They are good for insects.
B. They save lots of energy.
C. They cause light pollution.
D. They are environment-friendly.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段內容可知，大家對LED路
燈的普遍看法是它們節省了大量的能源。
4. What does the last paragraph focus on？
A. The harm of light pollution.
B. The causes of biological crises.
C. The trend of insect populations.
D. The importance of the natural environment.
解析：　段落大意題。根據最后一段內容可知，最后一段著重論
述了光污染的危害。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　When Arun Krishnamurthy was a teenager， he witnessed a pond
near his home filling up with garbage.The 　5　 to the pond inspired him
to become a conservationist.
　　In 2007， Krishnamurthy 　6　 the Environmentalist Foundation of
India （EFI） — a group that restores freshwater lakes and ponds across
India.The team works to 　7　 garbage and restores the natural habitats of
birds， frogs and native plants， giving wildlife a chance to 　8　.Over
the last 13 years， EFI has 　9　 restoration work on 112 lakes and
ponds.
　　EFI’s 　10　 goal is to restore lakes and ponds， but the
organization’s work also benefits India’s water 　11　， because
restoring water bodies helps groundwater recharge.In fact， groundwater
is 　12　 to India， accounting for 80% of its water supply. 　13　，
exploitation（開發） — for domestic and agricultural use — is 　14　
reserves at a worrying rate.
　　The government needs to 　15　， but Krishnamurthy
believes 　16　 also have a significant role to play.That’s why he wants
to raise 　17　 of water’s importance in people’s daily lives.He points
to the fact that groundwater in India is used for free， and a lot of it
is 　18　.But he feels hopeful not only for India but for the
world.He 　19　 people everywhere to pay attention to the dumping of
waste and needs of wildlife.With the “right intentions”， says
Krishnamurthy， everyone “can make an impact on our planet”.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Arun Krishnamurthy
和他的團隊清理池塘、湖泊中的垃圾的故事。他呼吁世界各地的人
們關注垃圾傾倒和野生動物的需求。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Arun Krishnamurthy
和他的團隊清理池塘、湖泊中的垃圾的故事。他呼吁世界各地的人
們關注垃圾傾倒和野生動物的需求。
5. A. introduction B. reference
C. damage D. response
解析：　根據上文he witnessed a pond near his home filling up with
garbage可知，他發現他家附近的池塘中滿是垃圾，所以此處指對
池塘的破壞促使他成為一名自然環境保護主義者。introduction介
紹；reference參考；damage破壞；response回應。
6. A. founded B. imagined
C. attracted D. understood
解析：　根據空后的the Environmentalist Foundation of India
（EFI）可知，2007年，Krishnamurthy建立了一個叫作EFI的組
織。found建立，創建；imagine想象；attract吸引；understand
理解。
7. A. store B. recycle
C. create D. remove
解析：　根據上文a group that restores freshwater lakes and ponds
across India可知，要修復淡水湖，要先把水中的垃圾去除掉。store
貯存；recycle回收；create創建；remove去除，移除。
8. A. hide B. return
C. function D. repeat
解析：　根據上文restores the natural habitats of birds， frogs and
native plants可知，恢復了鳥類、青蛙和本土植物的棲息地之后，
這些野生動物可能會返回。hide隱藏；return返回；function起作
用，正常運轉；repeat重復。
9. A. given away B. stood up
C. carried out D. put off
解析：　這個組織在印度各地修復淡水湖和池塘，所以此處指過
去的13年里，他們實施了112個湖泊和池塘的修復工作。give away
贈送，分發；stand up站起來；carry out實施；put off推遲。
10. A. private B. primary
C. financial D. educational
解析：　根據下文to restore lakes and ponds可知，這個組織的主
要目標是恢復湖泊和池塘。private私人的；primary主要的；
financial財政的；educational教育的。
11. A. supply B. color C. test D. port
解析：　根據下文groundwater recharge可知，此處指水的供應
量。supply供應量，儲量；color顏色；test測試；port港口。
12. A. familiar B. available
C. critical D. certain
解析：　根據下文accounting for 80% of its water supply可知，地
下水的儲量占到印度水的總供應量的80%，所以是非常重要的。
familiar熟悉的；available可利用的；critical關鍵的，極重要的；
certain某個的。
13. A. However B. Therefore
C. Instead D. Besides
解析：　根據下文at a worrying rate可知，盡管地下水的儲量
大，國內和農業用途的開采正在以令人擔憂的速度減少地下水的
儲量，因而此處與上文屬于轉折關系。however然而；therefore因
此；instead代替；besides而且。
14. A. proving B. calculating
C. managing D. reducing
解析：　參見上題解析。prove證明；calculate計算；manage管
理，經營；reduce減少。
15. A. make way B. make sense
C. take place D. take action
解析：　印度的地下水的開采正在減少地下水的儲量，所以對
于這個被印度視為極其重要的問題上，政府需要采取措施。make
way給……讓道；make sense講得通，有道理；take place發生；
take action采取行動。
16. A. members B. individuals
C. farmers D. volunteers
解析：　政府需要采取行動，所以此處Krishnamurthy認為個人
也要參與。member成員；individual個人；farmer農民；volunteer
志愿者。
17. A. ability B. conflicts
C. awareness D. standards
解析：　此處指通過自己的行動，他想喚起人們對水在人們日
常生活中的重要性的認識。raise （one’s） awareness of喚起（某
人的）……意識。ability能力；conflict沖突；awareness意識；
standard標準。
18. A. wasted B. discovered
C. studied D. shared
解析：　根據上文groundwater in India is used for free可知，水的
使用是免費的，所以許多人在浪費。waste浪費；discover發現；
study研究；share分享。
19. A. allows B. convinces
C. forces D. urges
解析：　根據下文to pay attention to the dumping of waste and
needs of wildlife可知，他力勸人們去關注垃圾傾倒和野生動物的
需求。allow允許；convince使信服，使確信；force強迫；urge敦
促，力勸。
Ⅲ.讀后續寫
　　閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構
成一篇完整的短文。
　　“Mom！” I screamed as I looked through the window， “Why is
my Ink Spot sitting in Mrs Cleary’s window？”
　　Mom pushed past me to confirm it.Sure enough， across the street
was Ink Spot cleaning himself in the window of Mrs Cleary’s sitting
room.I couldn’t believe my eyes.He was my cat， not Mrs
Cleary’s.She had already adopted twelve cats.Why must she keep my
cat？I could feel anger boiling up inside me.Meanwhile， Ink Spot’s
leaving without any signs upset me.A sense of being left out hit me hard.
　　Ink Spot was special for me.After my baby sister’s birth， “my”
parents’ time was taken by her.It seemed no one in the family cared
about or even noticed me.Worse still， I was packed off to a
kindergarten.I hated being left out from the bottom of my heart.
　　It was when Mom noticed me weeping in a corner one night that
things began to change.After that， Ink Spot came into my life.Every
night， he curled （卷曲） up beside me in bed and he was there for me
after school when I raced home just to be with him.
　　I fell in love with Ink Spot the first time I saw its tiny black and white
kitten， for which I called him Ink Spot.Mom and Daddy beamed with
pleasure as my eyes danced with joy again.It was the first time that I had
smiled since my little baby sister came into the family.As for me， he was
more than a cat.Actually， he was my life.
　　But today when I came home， Ink Spot was in Mrs Cleary’s
window.I wanted him back.But Mom insisted that if Ink Spot stayed at
Mrs Cleary’s， that meant it was where he wanted to be.“No！Mom，
Ink Spot is my cat”， I protested wildly but I had to admit the truth of
Mom’s words.Standing on the sidewalk， I was at a loss as to what to
do.Staring at Ink Spot for a while， I couldn’t stand the anger any
longer.
注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
I walked towards Mrs Cleary’s house hurriedly and knocked at the
door angrily. 　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
Upon seeing me， Ink Spot jumped off the window， running
towards me in a flash. 　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　 　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　 　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
參考范文：
　　I walked towards Mrs Cleary’s house hurriedly and knocked at the
door angrily.The moment she opened the door， I asked Mrs Cleary with
watery eyes， “Why is my cat in your window？” Confused， Mrs
Cleary responded， “I didn’t know he was yours.I just thought he was
another abandoned cat， so I took him in just like I took in all the rest.If
what I did has hurt you， I am awfully sorry.” Then she led me directly
to the sitting room， where cats were playing happily.
　　Upon seeing me， Ink Spot jumped off the window， running
towards me in a flash.A flood of excitement passed through my body.I
immediately picked him up and held him close as he rubbed beneath my
chin purring loudly.Seeing my cat well taken care of， I realized I had
misunderstood my caring neighbor.Now my anger gave way to gratitude.I
thanked her again and again before I took Ink Spot to my home， where I
thought he should belong.The lost and found companion made me feel I
was someone again.
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