資源簡(jiǎn)介

Section Ⅱ　Using language
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
單句語法填空
1.Teaching young children is not easy but challenging， which needs great 　　　　　　（patient） and skill.
2.We can learn from the book that we should treat others with kindness， 　　　　　　（generous） and love.
3.Genius is one per cent 　　　　　　（inspire） and ninety-nine per cent perspiration.
4.Surrounded by thick forests， the small village is beautiful and 　　　　　　（comfort） to live in.
5.We had arranged to meet at the railway station， but to our 　　　　　　（anxious）， she didn’t turn up.
6.No matter how beautiful the product looks， if it’s 　　　　　　poor quality， it won’t sell well.
7.The rain poured 　　　　　　， so he abandoned the idea of jogging outside.
8.One of the qualifications you need to work here is a sense 　　　　　　humour！
9.They had purposely postponed 　　　　　　（go） to London till the autumn.
10.She prefers to distance herself 　　　　　　the people who are working for her.
維度二：語法與寫作
補(bǔ)全句子
1.You can also share your unhappy things 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and listen to their suggestions.
你也可以與你信任的人分享你不愉快的事情并且傾聽他們的建議。
2.We knew the scientist 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我們認(rèn)識(shí)那位研究過這個(gè)問題的科學(xué)家。
3.We’ll go to meet the famous singer 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我們將去見那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩摇?br/>4.He is regarded as a superhero 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他被認(rèn)為是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的超級(jí)英雄。
5.This dictionary is intended for students 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
這本詞典是為母語不是英語的學(xué)生編寫的。
6.She is one of the girls 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
她是通過考試的女孩之一。
7.I don’t know the girl 　　　　　　　　　　　.
我不認(rèn)識(shí)和你說話的那個(gè)女孩。
8.I have finished reading all the books 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我已讀完從圖書館借來的所有書。
9.I looked up at my friend 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我抬頭看我的朋友，他臉上的表情是興奮的。
10.Those 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　could hardly believe what had happened.
那些在洪水中幸存下來的人很難相信所發(fā)生的事情。
維度三：語法與語篇
根據(jù)漢語提示，用定語從句完成下面短文。
　　Friendship is 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （一種可以給人帶來幸福的事物）.Friendship is 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （人們應(yīng)該擁有的最重要的事物之一）.People should make friends with 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （那些態(tài)度積極的人）.A real friend is 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （在你困難時(shí)幫助你的人）.They are 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （那些和你同甘共苦的人）.They are brave to point out 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （能影響你未來的錯(cuò)誤）.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Friends are very important to us.Sometimes we just want to develop some new friendships.Here are some of the best apps for you to make new friends.
　　Atleto
　　Research shows that exercising with a friend promotes more motivation and healthier lifestyle habits.Atleto is an app that builds on this “exercise contagion （傳染）” phenomenon by bringing together athletic people to take exercise and organize group activities.You can choose from over 40 sports and find your community of people who like to be in a sweat.
　　Friender
　　Studies show that we’re eager to find people similar to us.Suppose you’re sick of boring surface-level conversations.Then， Friender solves that problem quickly with an algorithm （算法） that only matches you based on your favorite activities and interests.This friend-finding app makes it easy to get into conversations that you care about.If you don’t have many hobbies to type into an app， one of the easiest ways to start is to try out new hobbies.
　　PawDate
　　Dogs are great companions， but sometimes it’s nice to talk to humans， too.This app connects pet owners to meet up at dog parks or walk with their pups.You get to set up doggie play dates and find new friends at the same time. It’s a win-win.
　　Skout
　　Skout started back in 2007 to help people make new friends.The matches are based on geographical distances and preferences.It’s perfect for meeting people while traveling， moving and entering a new chapter of life.Skout is able to discover people directly by checking into a location and seeing who else on the app is there.
1.Who is Atleto intended for？
A.Those who like to walk their dogs.
B.Those who want to play sports together.
C.Those who want to develop new hobbies.
D.Those who like to do community service.
2.What can people do by using Friender？
A.Solve conversation problems.
B.Share their favorite activities.
C.Make new friends while traveling.
D.Have conversations with like-minded people.
3.Which app can help the user find new friends quickly at a new place？
A.Atleto. B.Friender.
C.PawDate. D.Skout.
B
　　I grew up with the same group of kids from age 5 to age 12.We lived in the same community， shared the same schools and experienced all the ups and downs of that period.
　　Then I hit junior high and a whole new world opened up to me.It seemed everyone was there， friends from football teams and people from the summer workshop.They welcomed me， figuring that I had to be cool to know so many people.I was a different person with each new group of friends and began to distance myself from the “kindergarten group”.
　　However， it wasn’t long before these so-called new friends left me when they found out I really wasn’t cool enough to be there.This was one of the hardest times in my life.I felt alone and was very disappointed in myself.It was then， when I thought I had nowhere else to go， that I tried to make my way back into the “kindergarten group”.I organized a camp-out and invited them to come.I had thought they were going to be cold and exclude me as I had done to them.But they all turned up and we just picked up right where we left off.There was absolutely no hate， only comfort and an unexpected sense of belonging.They gave me room to grow and learn my own lessons， my own way， in my own time.
　　From them， I have learned two things： the type of friends I want， and the type of friend I want to be.We will all continue to grow separately together， all the while providing the unconditional love， understanding and support only friends like these are capable of.
4.How did the author feel about her school life according to Paragraph 2？
A.Shocked. B.Upset.
C.Curious. D.Happy.
5.Why did the author organize a camp-out？
A.To make more friends. B.To get close to nature.
C.To apologize to her friends. D.To reconnect with her old friends.
6.What does the underlined word “exclude” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A.Cheat. B.Refuse.
C.Warn. D.Attack.
7.What can be a suitable title for the text？
A.A Friend in Need. B.My Kindergarten Group.
C.Lessons in Friendship. D.Friends in My New School.
C
　　We have most friends at the age of 26， after having spent the first quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle， new research has shown.
　　The research into friendship shows that our social circle peaks （達(dá)到高峰） at 26 years and 7 months， at which we typically have five close friends.Women are the most popular at 25 years and 10 months， while men hitting the highest friendship point a little later at 27 years and 3 months.
　　The research， by Forever Friends， shows that about a third of adults meet their closest friends while at school， with about a fifth saying they meet them at work.
　　Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter now also play a major role in building new friendship.The research points out that 25-to 34-year-olds make 22 friends via （通過） Facebook， compared to 18-to 24-year-olds who make 12， and 35-to 44-year-olds who make just 4.
　　Forever Friends’ relationship coach Sam Owen says， “It is no coincidence （巧合） that over a third of us meet our best friends at school.It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes， giving gifts， seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot.As adults we can often forget how powerful these small things are and how the little things can make a difference.”
　　Later in life we find ourselves losing friends.Over half of us lose friendship through a moving， while 36% say that over time they grow apart from close pals.Having children also causes 19% to drift away from childhood friends.
　　With growing pressure being put on friendship these days， it’s important to make time for our friendship.
8.How many friends may a 21-year-old college student make via Facebook？
A.4. B.5.
C.12. D.22.
9.What does the author try to tell us in Paragraph 5？
A.Friendship is not easy to keep.
B.School time is important for building friendship.
C.How important making friends is.
D.How to keep friendship at work.
10.What do the underlined words “drift away from” in Paragraph 6 mean？
A.Make sense of. B.Make up with.
C.Feel sorry for. D.Lose contact with.
11.Where is the passage most probably taken from？
A.A newspaper. B.A travel guidebook.
C.A nature magazine. D.A storybook.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　When I first met Sarah， all I noticed was her drool （口水） running from the corner of her mouth.As Mrs Wagner pushed the wheelchair towards me， I felt 　12　.Why was she seated beside me？
　　For the entire morning， I was uneasy.　13　， I nerved myself to ask Mrs Wagner， “Mrs Wagner， can I have my seat 　14　？”
　　She patted （拍） my shoulder 　15　 and said， “Natalie， Sarah needs our care.Try it.”
　　Why？ I didn’t need a deskmate with running drool！ I decided to 　16　 Sarah.At three o’clock， our gym teacher came and said， “Kickball time！ Put on your gym shoes.” As I bent over to tie my shoes， Sarah’s caught my attention and I 　17　 how it feels to never walk.My 　18　 felt tight.
　　Mrs Wagner asked me， “Natalie， although Sarah cannot kick， she can 　19　 balls.Would you help her in the gym class？”
　　I had to 　20　 and push Sarah to the 　21　.
　　Firstly， Matt kicked the ball and it came to me.I 　22　 it to Sarah and she threw it， which just struck Mike’s heel！
　　“You got him out！” I 　23　.Sarah laughed happily.Then I laughed， too.The rest of the game was 　24　 and we all enjoyed ourselves.
　　At the end of the day， Sarah read a journal entry to us， “My first day of school went well.I 　25　 playing kickball.I made a nice new friend， Natalie.”
　　Sarah smiled at me.I didn’t 　26　 her drool.What I saw was a new friend， a friend I had almost missed.
12.A.upset　　　　 B.interested
C.calm D.ashamed
13.A.Luckily B.Finally
C.Obviously D.Actually
14.A.taken B.recovered
C.changed D.returned
15.A.anxiously B.pleasantly
C.eagerly D.gently
16.A.contact B.ignore
C.approach D.inspire
17.A.discovered B.studied
C.wondered D.recognized
18.A.hands B.schedule
C.throat D.shoes
19.A.hold B.throw
C.kick D.keep
20.A.perform B.nod
C.react D.sigh
21.A.campus B.classroom
C.stage D.playground
22.A.handed B.showed
C.hit D.lifted
23.A.guessed B.shouted
C.thought D.replied
24.A.meaningful B.unusual
C.tiring D.exciting
25.A.had fun B.took risks
C.kept on D.thought about
26.A.imagine B.mention
C.notice D.like
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　As we walk along “the path of life”， we are meant to come across some true friends， who encourage us and help us get through the hard time.To me Tim is the one who brings out the 　27　 （good） in me.He will always bring back the friendship between us.
　　It was my first day at high school.I 　28　 （walk） alone on the playground when a basketball rolled to my feet.A boy with a smile on his face came running to me， picked up the ball 　29　 asked if I could play basketball with him.I hesitated for a moment， then I said no and told him why.To my surprise he didn’t walk away.Instead， he encouraged me 　30　 （have） a try and I did.Over the next few weeks， we made it to the playground every day and 　31　 （stick） to practising together.He also helped me do my math 　32　 I struggled with and even taught me how to live 　33　 （independent） in a new school.Over time， the school life seemed no longer challenging and 　34　 （we） friendship grew rapidly as well.
　　I’ll never forget Tim.He really made a big 　35　 （different） to my life.I would not be the person that I am today 　36　 him.
27.　　　　　　 28.　　　　　　 29.　　　　
30.　　　 31.　　　 32.　　　
33.　　　 34.　　　 35.　　　
36.　　　
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè)
維度一
1.patience　2.generosity　3.inspiration　4.comfortable
5.anxiety　6.of　7.down　8.of　9.going　10.from
維度二
1.with somebody that you trust
2.who/that had studied the problem
3.who/whom/that we have often talked about
4.who/whom/that everyone should learn from
5.whose first language is not English
6.who/that have passed the exam
7.who/whom/that you speak to
8.that were borrowed from the library
9.whose look on the face was excited
10.who/that survived the floods
維度三
1.a thing which/that can bring happiness to people
2.one of the most important things that people should have
3.those whose attitude is positive
4.a person who/that helps you when you are in trouble
5.those who/that share happiness and sorrow with you
6.the mistakes that/which can affect your future
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些交朋友的應(yīng)用程序。
1.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Atleto部分中的Atleto is an app that builds on this “exercise contagion （傳染）” phenomenon by bringing together athletic people to take exercise and organize group activities.可知，Atleto是針對(duì)那些想要一起運(yùn)動(dòng)的人。
2.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Friender部分的介紹可知，使用Friender可以和志同道合的人交談。
3.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Skout部分中的It’s perfect for meeting people while traveling， moving and entering a new chapter of life.可知，Skout這個(gè)應(yīng)用程序可以幫助用戶在新地方快速找到新朋友。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過自身經(jīng)歷學(xué)到了很多關(guān)于朋友和友誼的一些道理。
4.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Then I hit junior high and a whole new world opened up to me.可推知，作者對(duì)她的學(xué)校生活感到好奇。
5.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的It was then， when I thought I had nowhere else to go， that I tried to make my way back into the “kindergarten group”.I organized a camp-out and invited them to come.可知，作者要組織一次露營(yíng)是為了重新聯(lián)系她的老朋友。
6.B　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句下文as I had done to them以及第二段末的began to distance myself from the “kindergarten group”可知，此處意為“我”原以為他們會(huì)像“我”對(duì)待他們那樣冷淡地排斥“我”。因此可猜測(cè)exclude與refuse意思一致。
7.C　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，作者通過自身經(jīng)歷學(xué)到了很多關(guān)于朋友和友誼的道理。因此C項(xiàng)適合作文章標(biāo)題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們?cè)?6歲的時(shí)候會(huì)擁有最多的朋友，但是隨著時(shí)間的推移，我們的朋友會(huì)因?yàn)楦鞣N原因而減少，這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)有利于增強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)友誼的認(rèn)識(shí)。
8.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的The research points out that 25-to 34-year-olds make 22 friends via （通過） Facebook， compared to 18-to 24-year-olds who make 12 ...可知，21歲的大學(xué)生可以通過Facebook交12個(gè)朋友。
9.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的It is no coincidence （巧合） that over a third of us meet our best friends at school.It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing ...可知，在第五段作者通過引用歐文的話，想要告訴我們?cè)趯W(xué)校的時(shí)光是我們建立友誼的重要時(shí)期。
10.D　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第六段前三句可知，本段主要講人們會(huì)因?yàn)楦鞣N原因和朋友失去聯(lián)系。畫線詞所在句中的also表明，此處仍然在講和朋友失去聯(lián)系，故畫線詞意思是“失去聯(lián)系”。
11.A　文章出處題。根據(jù)第一段中的new research has shown可知，這是一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，最有可能摘自報(bào)紙。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一開始對(duì)新同桌莎拉的忽視和置之不理，最終兩人成為好朋友的故事。
12.A　根據(jù)下文For the entire morning， I was uneasy.可知，當(dāng)瓦格納夫人把輪椅推到“我”身邊時(shí)，“我”感到不安。upset不安的；interested感興趣的；calm鎮(zhèn)定的；ashamed羞恥的。
13.B　上文提到整個(gè)上午，“我”都很不安，由此可推知，最后，“我”鼓起勇氣問瓦格納夫人：“瓦格納夫人，我可以換座位嗎？”。luckily幸運(yùn)地；finally最后；obviously明顯地；actually事實(shí)上。
14.C　參見上題解析。take帶走；recover恢復(fù)；change改變；return返回。
15.D　根據(jù)語境可知，她輕輕地拍了拍“我”的肩膀，說：“娜塔莉，莎拉需要我們的照顧。試試看。”anxiously焦急地；pleasantly愉快地；eagerly渴望地；gently輕柔地。
16.B　根據(jù)上文I didn’t need a deskmate with running drool！可知，此處為“我”決定不理會(huì)莎拉。contact聯(lián)系；ignore不理會(huì)；approach接近；inspire激勵(lì)。
17.C　根據(jù)how it feels to never walk可推知，此處為當(dāng)“我”彎腰系鞋帶時(shí)，莎拉引起了“我”的注意，“我”想知道永遠(yuǎn)不走路是什么感覺。discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；study學(xué)習(xí)；wonder想知道；recognize認(rèn)識(shí)。
18.C　此處為“我”想問莎拉這個(gè)問題，但是“我”的喉嚨哽咽得說不出話。hand手；schedule日程表；throat喉嚨；shoe鞋子。
19.B　根據(jù)下文I 　22　 it to Sarah and she threw it可知，此處瓦格納夫人告訴娜塔莉，雖然莎拉不會(huì)踢球，但她會(huì)扔球。hold拿著，握著；throw扔；kick踢；keep保持。
20.B　上文提出問題：愿意在體育課上幫助她嗎？此處表示“我”只好點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭。perform表現(xiàn)；nod點(diǎn)頭；react反應(yīng)；sigh嘆氣。
21.D　體育課上踢球的活動(dòng)應(yīng)該在操場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行，此處表示作者把莎拉推到操場(chǎng)上。campus校園；classroom教室；stage舞臺(tái)；playground操場(chǎng)。
22.A　根據(jù)下文and she threw it可知，此處為“我”把它遞給莎拉，她扔了出去。hand遞交；show展示；hit撞；lift舉起。
23.B　You got him out！為作者說的話，此處為“我”大聲地叫道。guess猜測(cè)；shout大叫；think想；reply回復(fù)。
24.D　根據(jù)空后的and we all enjoyed ourselves可知，此處為剩下的比賽很刺激，我們都玩得很開心。meaningful有意義的；unusual不尋常的；tiring無聊的；exciting刺激的。
25.A　上文提到我們都玩得很開心，此處為莎拉在日記中寫到她玩踢球玩得很開心。have fun玩得開心；take risks冒險(xiǎn)；keep on繼續(xù)；think about考慮。
26.C　根據(jù)下文What I saw was a new friend， a friend I had almost missed.可知，此處為“我”沒有注意到她流口水。imagine想象；mention提到；notice注意；like喜歡。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和蒂姆之間的友誼。
27.best　考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。根據(jù)語境以及空前的the可知，此處用形容詞的最高級(jí)，表示“最好的一面”。故填best。
28.was walking　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中rolled可知，此處描述過去的情況；be doing sth when ...表示“正在做某事，這時(shí)……”，所以空處應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語是I。故填was walking。
29.and　考查連詞。句中came、picked和asked是并列的謂語動(dòng)詞。故填and。
30.to have　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。encourage sb to do sth意為“鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”。故填to have。
31.stuck　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。空處與and前面的made并列，作謂語動(dòng)詞，句子使用一般過去時(shí)。故填stuck。
32.that/which　考查定語從句。空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞math，指物，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語。故填that/which。
33.independently　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。空處修飾動(dòng)詞live，應(yīng)用副詞作狀語。故填independently。
34.our　考查代詞。句中friendship是名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞修飾。故填our。
35.difference　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。make a difference to意為“對(duì)……有影響，對(duì)……有重要意義”。故填difference。
36.without　考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知，句子表示“如果沒有他的話”。故填without。
5 / 6Section Ⅱ　Using language
定語從句（1）
①The earthquake that/which hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
②We don’t know the number of people who/that lost their homes in the disaster.
③Harry is the boy whose mother is our maths teacher.
④The only thing that is wrong with this is what my brother said to me the other day.
⑤The teacher whom/who/that you are waiting for is coming.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1.句②、⑤中的定語從句分別使用了關(guān)系代詞who/that和whom/who/that，在定語從句中作　　　　或　　　　。
2.句①中的定語從句使用了關(guān)系代詞that/which，在定語從句中作　　　　。
3.句③中的定語從句使用了關(guān)系代詞whose，在定語從句中作　　　　，既可以指人也可以指物。
4.句④中的定語從句使用了關(guān)系代詞that，當(dāng)先行詞被the only， the very， the last等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用　　　　　。
一、定語從句的定義與關(guān)系詞的分類
1.在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。
2.關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（that， which， who， whom， whose， as等）和關(guān)系副詞（when， where， why等）兩類。
中國(guó)的首都北京是一座非常美麗的城市。
二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法
1.who指人，在定語從句中可以作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時(shí)可省略。
The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
在車禍中受傷的孩子們現(xiàn)在正在醫(yī)院接受治療。
Danny is the man （who） we rescued from the ruins.
丹尼是我們從廢墟中救出來的那個(gè)人。
2.whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可以省略，也可以用who代替。
The boy （whom） the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老師經(jīng)常表揚(yáng)的那個(gè)男孩是他們的班長(zhǎng)。
3.whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所屬”關(guān)系，在定語從句中作定語。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)人，他的房子在地震中被摧毀了。
He lives in a room whose window faces north.
他住在一個(gè)窗子朝北的房間里。
【即時(shí)演練1】　用who/whom/whose填空
①The boy 　　　　　　is running on the playground is the best runner in our school.
②The two pupils 　　　　　　you taught three years ago have become drivers.
③I am a fan of the famous writer， 　　　　novels have been translated into many other languages.
④After listening to the scientists 　　　　had studied the problem， the government turned to the UN for help.
4.which指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時(shí)可以省略。
The pen （which） you found yesterday is mine.
昨天你找到的那支鋼筆是我的。
The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.
小女孩正在吃一個(gè)又大又紅的蘋果。
5.that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時(shí)可以省略。
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)100萬。（that指人，作主語）
The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.
地上放的那個(gè)手提箱是她的。（that指物，作主語）
名師點(diǎn)津
關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語或表語，因此定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。
[譯]昨天晚上我們看的那部電影非常嚇人。
[誤]The film （that/which） we saw it last night is very frightening.
[正]The film （that/which） we saw last night is very frightening.
【即時(shí)演練2】　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空
①Do you know the man 　　　　　　is waiting outside the door？
②The girl is familiar to me； maybe she is the girl 　　　　　　I met in the street yesterday.
③The reason 　　　　　　she gave for not coming to the party puzzled all of the people present.
④They are looking for people 　　　　　　want to join the Reading Club.
三、關(guān)系詞只能用that而不能用which的情況
1.當(dāng)先行詞為all， everything， nothing， anything， much等不定代詞時(shí)。
Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said？
李老師講的你都記下來了嗎？
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都做了。
2.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
這是我吃過的最美味的食物。
3.當(dāng)先行詞被all， every， no， the only， the very， the last等修飾時(shí)。
That’s the only thing that we can do now.
那是我們目前唯一能做的事。
I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.
我已找到昨天丟的那支鋼筆。
4.當(dāng)先行詞既指人，又指物時(shí)。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我們常常談起我們記得的那些人和事。
【即時(shí)演練3】　補(bǔ)全句子
①This is the most beautiful park 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
這是我參觀過的最漂亮的公園。
②She took photographs of the things and people 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　.
她把她感興趣的事物和人都拍攝下來了。
③Reading was 　　　　　　　　　　　　interested her most.
讀書是唯一讓她最感興趣的事。
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，啟發(fā)靈感的
【教材原句】　Her ideas are always inspiring.她的想法總是鼓舞人心的。
【用法】
（1）inspire v.　　　 激勵(lì)；鼓舞；賦予靈感
inspire sb to do sth 激勵(lì)某人做某事
inspire sb with sth＝inspire sth in sb
使某人產(chǎn)生（感覺或情感）
（2）inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的
（3）inspiration n. 靈感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
【佳句】　Professor Li is an excellent lecturer， whose lectures are always inspiring.
李教授是一名優(yōu)秀的講師，她的講座總是鼓舞人心。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Believe it or not， the good news inspired us 　　　　　　hope.
②We should inspire the students 　　　　　（think） by themselves.
③Dreams can be a rich source of 　　　　　（inspire） for an artist.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④Reading in school is always a 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在學(xué)校讀書總是一段令人愉快和鼓舞人心的經(jīng)歷。
comfort n.安慰，慰藉 v.安慰
【教材原句】　...one glass of comfort， two drops of patience， one bag of passion ...
……一杯安慰，兩滴耐心，一袋激情……
【用法】
（1）in comfort　　　　 舒適地；放松地
be a comfort to 對(duì)……是一種安慰
It comforts sb to do sth 做某事讓某人得到安慰
words of comfort 安慰的話
（2）comfortable adj. 安慰的；舒適的
【佳句】　We find comfort in giving care and receiving care in return.
我們?cè)诮o予關(guān)懷和得到關(guān)懷中找到安慰。
【生義】　comfort還可意為“舒適的設(shè)施（或條件）”，通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。modern comforts現(xiàn)代化的舒適設(shè)施。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It comforted her 　　　　　　　　（feel） her mother’s arms around her.
②This will enable the audience to sit 　　　　　　comfort while watching the shows.
③Only in this way can we live in more 　　　　　　（comfort） and beautiful surroundings.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that you have had fun staying here.
得知你在這里過得很愉快，我感到很欣慰。
patience n.耐心
【教材原句】　...one glass of comfort， two drops of patience， one bag of passion ...
……一杯安慰，兩滴耐心，一袋激情……
【用法】
（1）with patience （＝patiently） 耐心地
lose one’s patience　　 失去耐心
lose patience with 對(duì)……失去耐心
have the patience to do sth 有耐心做某事
（2）patient adj. 有耐心的；能忍耐的
n. 病人
be patient with sb 對(duì)某人有耐心
（3）patiently adv. 耐心地
【佳句】　He walked so slowly that his brother lost patience with him.
他走得太慢，以至于他哥哥對(duì)他不耐煩了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Bob is a little slow in understanding， so we have to be patient 　　　　　　him.
②　　　　　　 （patient） is one of the most important qualities teachers need to teach children with special needs.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③Whenever I made mistakes， the teacher pointed them out 　　　　　　　　 　　　.
無論什么時(shí)候我犯了錯(cuò)誤，老師總是耐心地把它們指出來。
quality n.[C] 素質(zhì)，品德；[U， C] 質(zhì)量，品質(zhì)；[U， C] 特征，特色 adj.優(yōu)質(zhì)的；高質(zhì)量的
【教材原句】　a quality that offers help to others 給予別人幫助的品質(zhì)
【用法】
of good/high/poor quality　質(zhì)量好/高/差的
improve the quality of life 提高生活質(zhì)量
in quality 在質(zhì)量上
quality of life 生活質(zhì)量
personal qualities 個(gè)人品質(zhì)
【佳句】　Nowadays people are very concerned about the safety and quality of food.
如今，人們非常關(guān)心食品的安全與質(zhì)量。
【點(diǎn)津】　（1）quality作“質(zhì)量”講時(shí)常用作不可數(shù)名詞，而作“品質(zhì)”講時(shí)多用作可數(shù)名詞。
（2）quantity意為“數(shù)量”，與quality形近意異。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The printer is good 　　　　　　quality.If it broke down within the first year， we would repair it at our expense.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
②My goal is to provide my children with 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我的目標(biāo)是為我的孩子們提供高質(zhì)量的生活。
③As is reported， 　　　　　　　　　　　　has improved over the past six months.
據(jù)報(bào)道，這個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量在過去的六個(gè)月有了改善。
anxious adj.焦慮的，不安的
【教材原句】　the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry
一種在沒有焦慮或生氣的情況下等待的能力
【用法】
（1）be anxious about　　　為……擔(dān)心/擔(dān)憂
be anxious for 渴望……
be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事
（2）anxiety n. 擔(dān)心；焦慮；渴望
with anxiety （＝anxiously） 焦慮地
（3）anxiously adv. 焦急地；焦慮地
【助記】　The competition is over， but he is very anxious about the result， because he is anxious to win first prize， which is his dream.
比賽結(jié)束了，但他很擔(dān)心結(jié)果，因?yàn)樗释@得一等獎(jiǎng)，這是他的夢(mèng)想。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The drought had lasted several months， which made farmers anxious 　　　　　　the harvest.
②She looked up 　　　　　　（anxious） when her father entered the room.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　from you.
有人告訴我學(xué)習(xí)中心為學(xué)生提供幫助，我渴望得到你的幫助。
distance v.使與……保持距離，撇清和……的關(guān)系 n.距離，間距
【教材原句】　... or use a past tense to distance yourself from the suggestion ...
……或者用一個(gè)過去時(shí)態(tài)撇清你與這個(gè)建議的關(guān)系……
【用法】
（1）distance oneself from 使（自己）遠(yuǎn)離……；使自己與……保持距離
in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處
at a distance of ... 在……遠(yuǎn)處
within walking distance 在步行距離內(nèi)
keep sb at a distance　　　　同某人疏遠(yuǎn)；對(duì)某人冷淡；與某人保持一定距離
（2）distant adj. 遙遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)親的；冷淡的
a distant relative 遠(yuǎn)房親戚
【佳句】　We think it would be best if you would distance yourself from her.
我們覺得你最好和她保持距離。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The beautiful beach is 　　　　　　walking distance of my house.
②A shark can smell blood 　　　　　　　　a distance of half a kilometer.
③You’d better keep that dog 　　　　　　　a distance in case it bites you.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④The boy who is standing 　　　　　　　　has a gift for writing.
站在遠(yuǎn)處的那個(gè)男孩很有寫作天賦。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發(fā)現(xiàn)
1.主語　賓語　2.主語　3.定語　4.that
即時(shí)演練1
①who　②who/whom　③whose　④who
即時(shí)演練2
①who/that　②who/whom/that　③which/that
④who/that
即時(shí)演練3
①that I have visited　②that she was interested in
③the only thing that
【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)·須拾遺】
1.①with　②to think　③inspiration
④pleasant and inspiring experience
2.①to feel　②in　③comfortable　④It is a comfort to know
3.①with　②Patience　③with patience/patiently
4.①in　②a life of high quality　③the air quality in the city
5.①about　②anxiously　③I’m anxious to get help
6.①within　②at　③at　④in the distance
6 / 6(共90張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
知識(shí)要點(diǎn)·須拾遺
3
課時(shí)檢測(cè)·提能力
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
定語從句（1）
①The earthquake that/which hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in
American history.
②We don’t know the number of people who/that lost their homes in the
disaster.
③Harry is the boy whose mother is our maths teacher.
④The only thing that is wrong with this is what my brother said to me the
other day.
⑤The teacher whom/who/that you are waiting for is coming.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1. 句②、⑤中的定語從句分別使用了關(guān)系代詞who/that和
whom/who/that，在定語從句中作 或 。
2. 句①中的定語從句使用了關(guān)系代詞that/which，在定語從句中
作 。
3. 句③中的定語從句使用了關(guān)系代詞whose，在定語從句中作
，既可以指人也可以指物。
4. 句④中的定語從句使用了關(guān)系代詞that，當(dāng)先行詞被the only， the
very， the last等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用 。
主語　
賓語　
主語　
定
語　
that　
一、定語從句的定義與關(guān)系詞的分類
1. 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從
句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。
2. 關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（that， which， who， whom， whose， as
等）和關(guān)系副詞（when， where， why等）兩類。
中國(guó)的首都北京是一座非常美麗的城市。
二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法
1. who指人，在定語從句中可以作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時(shí)
可省略。
The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the
hospital now.
在車禍中受傷的孩子們現(xiàn)在正在醫(yī)院接受治療。
Danny is the man （who） we rescued from the ruins.
丹尼是我們從廢墟中救出來的那個(gè)人。
2. whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可以省略，也可以用who代
替。
The boy （whom） the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老師經(jīng)常表揚(yáng)的那個(gè)男孩是他們的班長(zhǎng)。
3. whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所屬”關(guān)系，在定語從句
中作定語。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)人，他的房子在地震中被摧毀了。
He lives in a room whose window faces north.
他住在一個(gè)窗子朝北的房間里。
【即時(shí)演練1】　用who/whom/whose填空
①The boy is running on the playground is the best runner in our
school.
②The two pupils you taught three years ago have become
drivers.
③I am a fan of the famous writer， novels have been
translated into many other languages.
④After listening to the scientists had studied the problem， the
government turned to the UN for help.
who　
who/whom　
whose　
who　
4. which指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時(shí)可
以省略。
The pen （which） you found yesterday is mine.
昨天你找到的那支鋼筆是我的。
The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.
小女孩正在吃一個(gè)又大又紅的蘋果。
5. that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表
語，作賓語時(shí)可以省略。
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year
reaches one million.
每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)100萬。（that指人，作主語）
The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.
地上放的那個(gè)手提箱是她的。（that指物，作主語）
名師點(diǎn)津
關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語或表語，因此
定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。
[譯]昨天晚上我們看的那部電影非常嚇人。
[誤]The film （that/which） we saw it last night is very frightening.
[正]The film （that/which） we saw last night is very frightening.
【即時(shí)演練2】　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空
①Do you know the man is waiting outside the door？
②The girl is familiar to me； maybe she is the girl I
met in the street yesterday.
③The reason she gave for not coming to the party puzzled
all of the people present.
④They are looking for people want to join the Reading
Club.
who/that　
who/whom/that　
which/that　
who/that　
三、關(guān)系詞只能用that而不能用which的情況
1. 當(dāng)先行詞為all， everything， nothing， anything， much等不定代
詞時(shí)。
Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said？
李老師講的你都記下來了嗎？
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都做了。
2. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
這是我吃過的最美味的食物。
3. 當(dāng)先行詞被all， every， no， the only， the very， the last等
修飾時(shí)。
That’s the only thing that we can do now.
那是我們目前唯一能做的事。
I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.
我已找到昨天丟的那支鋼筆。
4. 當(dāng)先行詞既指人，又指物時(shí)。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.我們常
常談起我們記得的那些人和事。
【即時(shí)演練3】　補(bǔ)全句子
①This is the most beautiful park .
這是我參觀過的最漂亮的公園。
②She took photographs of the things and people
.
她把她感興趣的事物和人都拍攝下來了。
③Reading was interested her most.
讀書是唯一讓她最感興趣的事。
that I have visited　
that she was interested
in　
the only thing that　
知識(shí)要點(diǎn)·須拾遺
關(guān)注高頻詞匯
2
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，啟發(fā)靈感的
【教材原句】　Her ideas are always inspiring.她的想法總是鼓舞
人心的。
【用法】
（1）inspire v.　激勵(lì)；鼓舞；賦予靈感
inspire sb to do sth　激勵(lì)某人做某事
inspire sb with sth＝inspire sth in sb　　使某人產(chǎn)生（感覺或情感）
（2）inspired adj.　　受到鼓舞的
（3）inspiration n.　　靈感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
【佳句】　Professor Li is an excellent lecturer， whose lectures are
always inspiring.
李教授是一名優(yōu)秀的講師，她的講座總是鼓舞人心。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Believe it or not， the good news inspired us hope.
②We should inspire the students （think） by themselves.
③Dreams can be a rich source of （inspire） for an artist.
with　
to think　
inspiration　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④Reading in school is always a .
在學(xué)校讀書總是一段令人愉快和鼓舞人心的經(jīng)歷。
pleasant and inspiring experience　
comfort n.安慰，慰藉 v.安慰
【教材原句】　...one glass of comfort， two drops of patience， one
bag of passion ...
……一杯安慰，兩滴耐心，一袋激情……
（1）in comfort　　舒適地；放松地
be a comfort to　　對(duì)……是一種安慰
It comforts sb to do sth 做某事讓某人得到安慰
words of comfort　　安慰的話
（2）comfortable adj.　　安慰的；舒適的
【用法】
【佳句】　We find comfort in giving care and receiving care in return.
我們?cè)诮o予關(guān)懷和得到關(guān)懷中找到安慰。
【生義】　comfort還可意為“舒適的設(shè)施（或條件）”，通常用復(fù)數(shù)
形式。modern comforts現(xiàn)代化的舒適設(shè)施。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It comforted her （feel） her mother’s arms around her.
②This will enable the audience to sit comfort while watching the
shows.
③Only in this way can we live in more （comfort） and
beautiful surroundings.
to feel　
in　
comfortable　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④ that you have had fun staying here.
得知你在這里過得很愉快，我感到很欣慰。
It is a comfort to know　
patience n.耐心
【教材原句】　...one glass of comfort， two drops of patience， one
bag of passion ...
……一杯安慰，兩滴耐心，一袋激情……
（1）with patience （＝patiently） 耐心地
lose one’s patience　失去耐心
lose patience with　　對(duì)……失去耐心
have the patience to do sth有耐心做某事
（2）patient adj.有耐心的；能忍耐的 　　
n.　　病人
be patient with sb　　對(duì)某人有耐心
（3）patiently adv.　　耐心地
【用法】
【佳句】　He walked so slowly that his brother lost patience with him.
他走得太慢，以至于他哥哥對(duì)他不耐煩了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Bob is a little slow in understanding， so we have to be
patient him.
② （patient） is one of the most important qualities teachers
need to teach children with special needs.
with　
Patience　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③Whenever I made mistakes， the teacher pointed them out
.
無論什么時(shí)候我犯了錯(cuò)誤，老師總是耐心地把它們指出來。
with
patience/patiently　
quality n.[C] 素質(zhì)，品德；[U， C] 質(zhì)量，品質(zhì)；[U， C] 特征，
特色 adj.優(yōu)質(zhì)的；高質(zhì)量的
【教材原句】　a quality that offers help to others 給予別人幫助的品質(zhì)
【用法】
of good/high/poor quality　質(zhì)量好/高/差的
improve the quality of life　　提高生活質(zhì)量
in quality　　在質(zhì)量上
quality of life　　生活質(zhì)量
personal qualities　　個(gè)人品質(zhì)
【佳句】　Nowadays people are very concerned about the safety and
quality of food.
如今，人們非常關(guān)心食品的安全與質(zhì)量。
【點(diǎn)津】　（1）quality作“質(zhì)量”講時(shí)常用作不可數(shù)名詞，而作“品
質(zhì)”講時(shí)多用作可數(shù)名詞。
（2）quantity意為“數(shù)量”，與quality形近意異。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The printer is good quality.If it broke down within the first
year， we would repair it at our expense.
in　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
②My goal is to provide my children with .
我的目標(biāo)是為我的孩子們提供高質(zhì)量的生活。
③As is reported， has improved over the
past six months.
據(jù)報(bào)道，這個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量在過去的六個(gè)月有了改善。
a life of high quality　
the air quality in the city　
anxious adj.焦慮的，不安的
【教材原句】　the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry
一種在沒有焦慮或生氣的情況下等待的能力
【用法】
（1）be anxious about　　　為……擔(dān)心/擔(dān)憂
be anxious for　　渴望……
be anxious to do sth　　渴望做某事
（2）anxiety n.　　擔(dān)心；焦慮；渴望
with anxiety （＝anxiously） 焦慮地
（3）anxiously adv.　　焦急地；焦慮地
【助記】　The competition is over， but he is very anxious about the
result， because he is anxious to win first prize， which is his dream.
比賽結(jié)束了，但他很擔(dān)心結(jié)果，因?yàn)樗释@得一等獎(jiǎng)，這是他
的夢(mèng)想。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The drought had lasted several months， which made farmers
anxious the harvest.
②She looked up （anxious） when her father entered the
room.
about　
anxiously　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and
from you.
有人告訴我學(xué)習(xí)中心為學(xué)生提供幫助，我渴望得到你的幫助。
I’m
anxious to get help　
distance v.使與……保持距離，撇清和……的關(guān)系 n.距離，間距
【教材原句】　... or use a past tense to distance yourself from the
suggestion ...
……或者用一個(gè)過去時(shí)態(tài)撇清你與這個(gè)建議的關(guān)系……
（1）distance oneself from　　
使（自己）遠(yuǎn)離……；使自己與……保持距離
in the distance　　在遠(yuǎn)處
at a distance of ...　　在……遠(yuǎn)處
within walking distance　　在步行距離內(nèi)
keep sb at a distance　同某人疏遠(yuǎn)；對(duì)某人冷淡；與某人保持一定距離
（2）distant adj. 　　遙遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)親的；冷淡的
a distant relative　　遠(yuǎn)房親戚
【用法】
【佳句】　We think it would be best if you would distance yourself
from her.我們覺得你最好和她保持距離。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The beautiful beach is walking distance of my house.
②A shark can smell blood a distance of half a kilometer.
③You’d better keep that dog a distance in case it bites you.
within　
at　
at　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④The boy who is standing has a gift for writing.
站在遠(yuǎn)處的那個(gè)男孩很有寫作天賦。
in the distance　
課時(shí)檢測(cè)·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
3
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
單句語法填空
1. Teaching young children is not easy but challenging， which needs
great （patient） and skill.
2. We can learn from the book that we should treat others with
kindness， （generous） and love.
patience　
generosity　
3. Genius is one per cent （inspire） and ninety-nine per
cent perspiration.
4. Surrounded by thick forests， the small village is beautiful
and （comfort） to live in.
5. We had arranged to meet at the railway station， but to our
（anxious）， she didn’t turn up.
6. No matter how beautiful the product looks， if it’s poor
quality， it won’t sell well.
inspiration　
comfortable　
anxiety　
of　
7. The rain poured ， so he abandoned the idea of jogging
outside.
8. One of the qualifications you need to work here is a sense
humour！
9. They had purposely postponed （go） to London till the
autumn.
10. She prefers to distance herself the people who are working
for her.
down　
of　
going　
from　
維度二：語法與寫作
補(bǔ)全句子
1. You can also share your unhappy things
and listen to their suggestions.
你也可以與你信任的人分享你不愉快的事情并且傾聽他們的建議。
2. We knew the scientist .
我們認(rèn)識(shí)那位研究過這個(gè)問題的科學(xué)家。
3. We’ll go to meet the famous singer
.
我們將去見那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩摇?br/>with somebody that you
trust　
who/that had studied the problem　
who/whom/that we have often
talked about　
4. He is regarded as a superhero
.
他被認(rèn)為是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的超級(jí)英雄。
5. This dictionary is intended for students
.
這本詞典是為母語不是英語的學(xué)生編寫的。
6. She is one of the girls .
她是通過考試的女孩之一。
7. I don’t know the girl .
我不認(rèn)識(shí)和你說話的那個(gè)女孩。
who/whom/that everyone should learn
from　
whose first language is not
English　
who/that have passed the exam　
who/whom/that you speak to　
8. I have finished reading all the books
.
我已讀完從圖書館借來的所有書。
9. I looked up at my friend .
我抬頭看我的朋友，他臉上的表情是興奮的。
10. Those could hardly believe what had
happened.
那些在洪水中幸存下來的人很難相信所發(fā)生的事情。
that were borrowed from the
library　
whose look on the face was excited　
who/that survived the floods　
維度三：語法與語篇
根據(jù)漢語提示，用定語從句完成下面短文。
　　Friendship is 1.
（一種可以給人帶來幸福的事物）.Friendship is 2.
（人們應(yīng)該擁有的最重要的
事物之一）.People should make friends with 3.
（那些態(tài)度積極的人）.A real friend is 4.
（在你困難時(shí)幫助你的人）.They
are 5. （那些和
你同甘共苦的人）.They are brave to point out 6.
（能影響你未來的錯(cuò)誤）.
a thing which/that can bring happiness to people　
one of the most
important things that people should have　
those whose attitude is
positive　
a person who/that
helps you when you are in trouble　
those who/that share happiness and sorrow with you　
the mistakes
that/which can affect your future　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Friends are very important to us.Sometimes we just want to develop
some new friendships.Here are some of the best apps for you to make new
friends.
　
　　Atleto
Research shows that exercising with a friend promotes more
motivation and healthier lifestyle habits.Atleto is an app that builds on this
“exercise contagion （傳染）” phenomenon by bringing together
athletic people to take exercise and organize group activities.You can
choose from over 40 sports and find your community of people who like to
be in a sweat.
　
　　Friender
Studies show that we’re eager to find people similar to us.Suppose
you’re sick of boring surface-level conversations.Then， Friender solves
that problem quickly with an algorithm （算法） that only matches you
based on your favorite activities and interests.This friend-finding app
makes it easy to get into conversations that you care about.If you don’t
have many hobbies to type into an app， one of the easiest ways to start is
to try out new hobbies.
　　
　　PawDate
Dogs are great companions， but sometimes it’s nice to talk to
humans， too.This app connects pet owners to meet up at dog parks or
walk with their pups.You get to set up doggie play dates and find new
friends at the same time. It’s a win-win.
　　　Skout
　Skout started back in 2007 to help people make new friends.The
matches are based on geographical distances and preferences.It’s perfect
for meeting people while traveling， moving and entering a new chapter of
life.Skout is able to discover people directly by checking into a location
and seeing who else on the app is there.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些交朋友的應(yīng)用
程序。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些交朋友的應(yīng)用
程序。
1. Who is Atleto intended for？
A. Those who like to walk their dogs.
B. Those who want to play sports together.
C. Those who want to develop new hobbies.
D. Those who like to do community service.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Atleto部分中的Atleto is an app that
builds on this “exercise contagion （傳染）” phenomenon by
bringing together athletic people to take exercise and organize group
activities.可知，Atleto是針對(duì)那些想要一起運(yùn)動(dòng)的人。
2. What can people do by using Friender？
A. Solve conversation problems.
B. Share their favorite activities.
C. Make new friends while traveling.
D. Have conversations with like-minded people.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Friender部分的介紹可知，使用
Friender可以和志同道合的人交談。
3. Which app can help the user find new friends quickly at a new place？
A. Atleto. B. Friender.
C. PawDate. D. Skout.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Skout部分中的It’s perfect for
meeting people while traveling， moving and entering a new chapter of
life.可知，Skout這個(gè)應(yīng)用程序可以幫助用戶在新地方快速找到新
朋友。
B
　　I grew up with the same group of kids from age 5 to age 12.We lived
in the same community， shared the same schools and experienced all the
ups and downs of that period.
　　Then I hit junior high and a whole new world opened up to me.It
seemed everyone was there， friends from football teams and people from
the summer workshop.They welcomed me， figuring that I had to be cool
to know so many people.I was a different person with each new group of
friends and began to distance myself from the “kindergarten group”.
　　However， it wasn’t long before these so-called new friends left me
when they found out I really wasn’t cool enough to be there.This was
one of the hardest times in my life.I felt alone and was very disappointed
in myself.It was then， when I thought I had nowhere else to go， that I
tried to make my way back into the “kindergarten group”.I organized a
camp-out and invited them to come.I had thought they were going to be
cold and exclude me as I had done to them.But they all turned up and we
just picked up right where we left off.There was absolutely no hate， only
comfort and an unexpected sense of belonging.They gave me room to
grow and learn my own lessons， my own way， in my own time.
　　From them， I have learned two things： the type of friends I want，
and the type of friend I want to be.We will all continue to grow separately
together， all the while providing the unconditional love， understanding
and support only friends like these are capable of.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過自身經(jīng)歷學(xué)到了很多關(guān)于
朋友和友誼的一些道理。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過自身經(jīng)歷學(xué)到了很多關(guān)于
朋友和友誼的一些道理。
4. How did the author feel about her school life according to
Paragraph 2？
A. Shocked. B. Upset.
C. Curious. D. Happy.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Then I hit junior high and a
whole new world opened up to me.可推知，作者對(duì)她的學(xué)校生活感
到好奇。
5. Why did the author organize a camp-out？
A. To make more friends.
B. To get close to nature.
C. To apologize to her friends.
D. To reconnect with her old friends.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的It was then， when I
thought I had nowhere else to go， that I tried to make my way
back into the “kindergarten group”.I organized a camp-out
and invited them to come.可知，作者要組織一次露營(yíng)是為了重
新聯(lián)系她的老朋友。
6. What does the underlined word “exclude” in Paragraph 3 probably
mean？
A. Cheat. B. Refuse.
C. Warn. D. Attack.
解析：　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句下文as I had done to
them以及第二段末的began to distance myself from the “kindergarten
group”可知，此處意為“我”原以為他們會(huì)像“我”對(duì)待他們那
樣冷淡地排斥“我”。因此可猜測(cè)exclude與refuse意思一致。
7. What can be a suitable title for the text？
A. A Friend in Need.
B. My Kindergarten Group.
C. Lessons in Friendship.
D. Friends in My New School.
解析：　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，作者通過自身經(jīng)
歷學(xué)到了很多關(guān)于朋友和友誼的道理。因此C項(xiàng)適合作文章標(biāo)題。
C
　　We have most friends at the age of 26， after having spent the first
quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle， new research has
shown.
　　The research into friendship shows that our social circle peaks （達(dá)到
高峰） at 26 years and 7 months， at which we typically have five close
friends.Women are the most popular at 25 years and 10 months， while
men hitting the highest friendship point a little later at 27 years and 3
months.
　　The research， by Forever Friends， shows that about a third of
adults meet their closest friends while at school， with about a fifth saying
they meet them at work.
　　Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter now also play a major
role in building new friendship.The research points out that 25-to 34-year-
olds make 22 friends via （通過） Facebook， compared to 18-to 24-
year-olds who make 12， and 35-to 44-year-olds who make just 4.
　　Forever Friends’ relationship coach Sam Owen says， “It is no
coincidence （巧合） that over a third of us meet our best friends at
school.It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through
sharing notes， giving gifts， seeing each other regularly and laughing a
lot.As adults we can often forget how powerful these small things are and
how the little things can make a difference.”
　　Later in life we find ourselves losing friends.Over half of us lose
friendship through a moving， while 36% say that over time they grow
apart from close pals.Having children also causes 19% to drift away from
childhood friends.
　　With growing pressure being put on friendship these days， it’s
important to make time for our friendship.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們?cè)?6歲的
時(shí)候會(huì)擁有最多的朋友，但是隨著時(shí)間的推移，我們的朋友會(huì)因?yàn)?br/>各種原因而減少，這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)有利于增強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)友誼的認(rèn)識(shí)。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們?cè)?6歲的
時(shí)候會(huì)擁有最多的朋友，但是隨著時(shí)間的推移，我們的朋友會(huì)因?yàn)?br/>各種原因而減少，這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)有利于增強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)友誼的認(rèn)識(shí)。
8. How many friends may a 21-year-old college student make via
Facebook？
A. 4. B. 5.
C. 12. D. 22.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的The research points out that
25-to 34-year-olds make 22 friends via （通過） Facebook，
compared to 18-to 24-year-olds who make 12 ...可知，21歲的大學(xué)生
可以通過Facebook交12個(gè)朋友。
9. What does the author try to tell us in Paragraph 5？
A. Friendship is not easy to keep.
B. School time is important for building friendship.
C. How important making friends is.
D. How to keep friendship at work.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的It is no coincidence （巧
合） that over a third of us meet our best friends at school.It is a key
time in our lives when friendship is growing ...可知，在第五段作者
通過引用歐文的話，想要告訴我們?cè)趯W(xué)校的時(shí)光是我們建立友誼的
重要時(shí)期。
10. What do the underlined words “drift away from” in Paragraph 6
mean？
A. Make sense of. B. Make up with.
C. Feel sorry for. D. Lose contact with.
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第六段前三句可知，本段主要講人們會(huì)因?yàn)楦鞣N原因和朋友失去聯(lián)系。畫線詞所在句中的also表明，此處仍然在講和朋友失去聯(lián)系，故畫線詞意思是“失去聯(lián)系”。
11. Where is the passage most probably taken from？
A. A newspaper. B. A travel guidebook.
C. A nature magazine. D. A storybook.
解析：文章出處題。根據(jù)第一段中的new research has shown可
知，這是一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，最有可能摘自報(bào)紙。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　When I first met Sarah， all I noticed was her drool （口水）
running from the corner of her mouth.As Mrs Wagner pushed the
wheelchair towards me， I felt 　12　.Why was she seated beside me？
　　For the entire morning， I was uneasy. 　13　， I nerved myself to
ask Mrs Wagner， “Mrs Wagner， can I have my seat 　14　？”
　　She patted （拍） my shoulder 　15　 and said， “Natalie， Sarah
needs our care.Try it.”
　　Why？ I didn’t need a deskmate with running drool！ I decided
to 　16　 Sarah.At three o’clock， our gym teacher came and said，
“Kickball time！ Put on your gym shoes.” As I bent over to tie my
shoes， Sarah’s caught my attention and I 　17　 how it feels to never
walk.My 　18　 felt tight.
　　Mrs Wagner asked me， “Natalie， although Sarah cannot kick，
she can 　19　 balls.Would you help her in the gym class？”
　　I had to 　20　 and push Sarah to the 　21　.
　　Firstly， Matt kicked the ball and it came to me.I 　22　 it to Sarah
and she threw it， which just struck Mike’s heel！
　　“You got him out！” I 　23　.Sarah laughed happily.Then I
laughed， too.The rest of the game was 　24　 and we all enjoyed
ourselves.
　　At the end of the day， Sarah read a journal entry to us， “My first
day of school went well.I 　25　 playing kickball.I made a nice new
friend， Natalie.”
　　Sarah smiled at me.I didn’t 　26　 her drool.What I saw was a
new friend， a friend I had almost missed.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一開始對(duì)新同
桌莎拉的忽視和置之不理，最終兩人成為好朋友的故事。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一開始對(duì)新同
桌莎拉的忽視和置之不理，最終兩人成為好朋友的故事。
12. A. upset B. interested
C. calm D. ashamed
解析：　根據(jù)下文For the entire morning， I was uneasy.可知，
當(dāng)瓦格納夫人把輪椅推到“我”身邊時(shí)，“我”感到不安。upset
不安的；interested感興趣的；calm鎮(zhèn)定的；ashamed羞恥的。
13. A. Luckily B. Finally
C. Obviously D. Actually
解析：　上文提到整個(gè)上午，“我”都很不安，由此可推知，
最后，“我”鼓起勇氣問瓦格納夫人：“瓦格納夫人，我可以換
座位嗎？”。luckily幸運(yùn)地；finally最后；obviously明顯地；
actually事實(shí)上。
14. A. taken B. recovered
C. changed D. returned
解析：　參見上題解析。take帶走；recover恢復(fù)；change改變；
return返回。
15. A. anxiously B. pleasantly
C. eagerly D. gently
解析：　根據(jù)語境可知，她輕輕地拍了拍“我”的肩膀，說：
“娜塔莉，莎拉需要我們的照顧。試試看。”anxiously焦急地；
pleasantly愉快地；eagerly渴望地；gently輕柔地。
16. A. contact B. ignore
C. approach D. inspire
解析：　根據(jù)上文I didn’t need a deskmate with running drool！
可知，此處為“我”決定不理會(huì)莎拉。contact聯(lián)系；ignore不理
會(huì)；approach接近；inspire激勵(lì)。
17. A. discovered B. studied
C. wondered D. recognized
解析：　根據(jù)how it feels to never walk可推知，此處為當(dāng)“我”
彎腰系鞋帶時(shí)，莎拉引起了“我”的注意，“我”想知道永遠(yuǎn)不
走路是什么感覺。discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；study學(xué)習(xí)；wonder想知道；
recognize認(rèn)識(shí)。
18. A. hands B. schedule
C. throat D. shoes
解析：　此處為“我”想問莎拉這個(gè)問題，但是“我”的喉
嚨哽咽得說不出話。hand手；schedule日程表；throat喉嚨；
shoe鞋子。
19. A. hold B. throw C. kick D. keep
解析：　根據(jù)下文I 　22　 it to Sarah and she threw it可知，此處
瓦格納夫人告訴娜塔莉，雖然莎拉不會(huì)踢球，但她會(huì)扔球。hold
拿著，握著；throw扔；kick踢；keep保持。
20. A. perform B. nod C. react D. sigh
解析：　上文提出問題：愿意在體育課上幫助她嗎？此處表
示“我”只好點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭。perform表現(xiàn)；nod點(diǎn)頭；react反應(yīng)；
sigh嘆氣。
21. A. campus B. classroom
C. stage D. playground
解析：　體育課上踢球的活動(dòng)應(yīng)該在操場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行，此處表示作
者把莎拉推到操場(chǎng)上。campus校園；classroom教室；stage舞臺(tái)；
playground操場(chǎng)。
22. A. handed B. showed C. hit D. lifted
解析：　根據(jù)下文and she threw it可知，此處為“我”把它遞給
莎拉，她扔了出去。hand遞交；show展示；hit撞；lift舉起。
23. A. guessed B. shouted
C. thought D. replied
解析：　You got him out！為作者說的話，此處為“我”大聲地
叫道。guess猜測(cè)；shout大叫；think想；reply回復(fù)。
24. A. meaningful B. unusual
C. tiring D. exciting
解析：　根據(jù)空后的and we all enjoyed ourselves可知，此處為剩
下的比賽很刺激，我們都玩得很開心。meaningful有意義的；
unusual不尋常的；tiring無聊的；exciting刺激的。
25. A. had fun B. took risks
C. kept on D. thought about
解析：　上文提到我們都玩得很開心，此處為莎拉在日記中寫
到她玩踢球玩得很開心。have fun玩得開心；take risks冒險(xiǎn)；keep
on繼續(xù)；think about考慮。
26. A. imagine B. mention
C. notice D. like
解析：　根據(jù)下文What I saw was a new friend， a friend I had
almost missed.可知，此處為“我”沒有注意到她流口水。imagine
想象；mention提到；notice注意；like喜歡。
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　As we walk along “the path of life”， we are meant to come across
some true friends， who encourage us and help us get through the hard
time.To me Tim is the one who brings out the 　27　 （good） in me.He
will always bring back the friendship between us.
　　It was my first day at high school.I 　28　 （walk） alone on the
playground when a basketball rolled to my feet.A boy with a smile on his
face came running to me， picked up the ball 　29　 asked if I could play
basketball with him.I hesitated for a moment， then I said no and told him
why.To my surprise he didn’t walk away.Instead， he encouraged
me 　30　 （have） a try and I did.Over the next few weeks， we made
it to the playground every day and 　31　 （stick） to practising
together.He also helped me do my math 　32　 I struggled with and even
taught me how to live 　33　 （independent） in a new school. Over time， the school life seemed no longer challenging and 　34　
（we） friendship grew rapidly as well.
　　I’ll never forget Tim.He really made a big 　35　 （different） to
my life.I would not be the person that I am today 　36　 him.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和蒂姆之間的友
誼。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和蒂姆之間的友
誼。
27. best　考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。根據(jù)語境以及空前的the可知，此處
用形容詞的最高級(jí)，表示“最好的一面”。故填best。
28. was walking　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中rolled可知，
此處描述過去的情況；be doing sth when ...表示“正在做某事，這
時(shí)……”，所以空處應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語是I。故填was walking。
29. and　考查連詞。句中came、picked和asked是并列的謂語動(dòng)詞。故
填and。
30. to have　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。encourage sb to do sth意為“鼓勵(lì)某人
做某事”。故填to have。
31. stuck　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。空處與and前面的made并列，作謂語動(dòng)
詞，句子使用一般過去時(shí)。故填stuck。
32. that/which　考查定語從句。空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行
詞math，指物，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語。故填that/which。
33. independently　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。空處修飾動(dòng)詞live，應(yīng)用副詞作狀
語。故填independently。
34. our　考查代詞。句中friendship是名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞修
飾。故填our。
35. difference　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。make a difference to意為“對(duì)……有影
響，對(duì)……有重要意義”。故填difference。
36. without　考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知，句子表示“如果沒有他的
話”。故填without。
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