資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Using language
維度一：基礎題型練
根據首字母或漢語提示寫出單詞的適當形式
1.S　　　　　　 is an electric railway which runs below the surface of the ground.
2.The building being built is served for students’ a　　　　　　.
3.Originally， I couldn’t adapt to this t　　　　　 of food， but I gradually fell in love with it.
4.To be on the safe side， we should fill up the tank now，because we might run out of 　　　　　　（汽油） on the way.
5.For more brochures about other package tours around Peru， 　　　　　　（聯系） us at tourinfo@ travelperu.org.
6.When you open a dictionary， you often come across a lot of 　　　　　　（不熟悉的） words.
7.Young drivers are far more 　　　　　　（可能的） to have accidents than old drivers.
8.“Smart” can mean “intelligent” or “sarcastic”， depending on the 　　　　　　（上下文）.
維度二：語法與寫作
選詞填空
English-speaking，poorly-paid，absent-minded，passer-by，face-to-face，ill-treated，peace-loving，notebook， ready-made， long-distance
1.Meanwhile， I’m an active member of my school’s 　　　　　　　　running team and volunteering club.
2.Though it is a 　　　　　　　　job， he still devotes much time and energy to it.
3.The glass window fell down all of a sudden without warning， and five 　　　　　　　　were injured.
4.His spoken English is very good， because he is from Australia， an 　　　　　　　　country.
5.The 　　　　　　　　　workers took up struggles for equal human rights.
6.They agreed to have a 　　　　　　　　talk next week.
7.The fat man can hardly find any 　　　　　　　clothes that fit him well.
8.We Chinese are 　　　　　　　　people and we’ll never declare war on others.
9.The 　　　　　　　　professor is always losing his glasses when wearing them.
10.When I use my dictionary，I write down all the new words I learn in this little 　　　　　　.
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面短文，分析并寫出加黑單詞的構詞法。
　　Last 1.weekend， I was traveling home from business.It was too late， so I decided to go to a hotel near the bus stop. At the entrance to the hotel， I met a man who was 2.disabled， and I made up my mind to offer him some help.He spoke to me and explained his past life when he was 3.healthy.He had worked in a car factory for five years.Then an accident left him disabled.While listening to his story I realized that he had 4.experienced a lot in his life.I told him that although he was 5.physically disabled， his heart was strong， and he could always depend on it.I offered him some money to buy food and 6.drinks and then he went home.I have learnt that if you say a few good words and offer a little help to others， it will not only bring 7.happiness to you， but it will also be in people’s hearts forever.
1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　 4.　　　　
5.　　　　 6.　　　　 7.　　　　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Year-12 student Noah Little has already sat his first Chinese-speaking exam and said it was “the easiest exam I’ve ever done”.That view is not surprising given the Wagga High School student loves language — so much so he has built a Chinese translation app.
　　Noah said his love of language was encouraged by his community.“Wagga is a place full of people from different cultures， and sometimes when I meet new people who have trouble speaking English， I like to talk to them in their own language，” he said.“I also have a few Chinese friends so I think it will be cool to talk to them in their language.”
　　The 17-year-old started teaching himself Chinese around five years ago， before taking distance education classes at the start of Year 11.His language ability was also useful in his part-time job at a local Chinese restaurant， where he translated orders for the cooks and customers.
　　Noah said he also had a basic knowledge of seven other languages.It was while teaching himself languages that Noah got the idea of the translation tool.“I decided to make my own app because there weren’t many around — all the other apps were full of advertisements and the translation feature （功能） wasn’t powerful enough，” he said.
　　His app also includes a word of the day feature， lessons on how to write Chinese characters （漢字） and a news feed of important Chinese news.
　　He said learning computer programming to build the app had been like studying another language.With the end of school around the corner， Noah said he would like to pursue （追求） both his interests in computer programming and languages.“I’m planning to work for a year and save so I can go on to university as I really want to make a career （事業） out of one of these two topics.”
1.What do we know about Noah？
A.He began to learn Chinese at 11.
B.He failed his first Chinese exam.
C.He likes teaching Chinese to people.
D.He gets a lot from learning Chinese.
2.What are included in Noah’s app？
A.Advertisements.
B.Pieces of world news.
C.Suggestions for memorizing words.
D.Ways of writing Chinese characters.
3.What has Noah decided to do shortly after high school graduation？
A.Look for a job. B.Attend university.
C.Develop a new app. D.Learn more languages.
4.Which of the following can best describe Noah？
A.Curious and creative. B.Humorous and honest.
C.Courageous and caring. D.Outgoing and outspoken.
B
　　To most people， especially the Americans， the Canadians speak the same language as them.This makes them believe that Canadian English is simply American English.However， there are several reasons why it can be said that the Canadians have their own variant （變體） of the English language.What makes Canadian English so special？
　　Canadian English is a variant of both variants.Because of the fact that their next-door neighbours speak American English， no doubt they were largely influenced by it.However， it is to be noted that the Canadians were strongly against colonization （殖民化） when the Americans tried to force them to join.This showed just how much loyalty （忠誠） they have for the Queen of England.The English spoken by the British and that spoken by the Americans are worlds apart and Canadian English took the best of both worlds to create its own language style.
　　What’s more， nothing beats the uniqueness （獨特性） of the Canadian accent （口音）.This accent can go back to the history of the first Canadians.The first people to arrive in Canada were the Irish who were under the rule of Great Britain.However， soon after， a large number of people who came from neighbouring America also started to arrive.Many accents mixed into something between the British and the American accent.It created certain mannerisms （習慣） which cannot be found in either British or American English.
　　When you are in Canada， you cannot help but notice mannerisms used by most Canadians.The word “eh” is one word which has fully come to be connected with the Canadians.You would most likely hear a Canadian speak to you and end his sentence with “eh”.
5.What do most people think of Canadian English？
A.It is somewhere in between American and British English.
B.It is less popular than American English.
C.It is no different from American English.
D.It is the same as British English.
6.What did the Americans try to do in history？
A.To require the Canadians to change their mannerisms.
B.To ask Canada to take a stand against colonization.
C.To force the Canadians to learn American English.
D.To make Canada part of America’s land.
7.What can be learned about the first Canadians？
A.They were from Ireland.
B.They hated Americans a lot.
C.They spoke American English.
D.They came to Canada through America.
8.How do the Canadians use the word “eh”？
A.To finish a sentence.
B.To start a new sentence.
C.To show good manners.
D.To express a strong feeling.
C
　　All languages change over time.New vocabulary is often required for the latest inventions or ideas.But a language can also change for reasons that are not clear.
　　Language changes whenever speakers communicate with each other.People from different places clearly speak differently， but even within the same small community， people speak differently depending on their age， origin， and social and educational background.When we communicate with these different speakers in different situations， we hear new words and expressions， and can make them a part of our own speech.Even if your family has lived in the same area for generations， you can probably see a number of differences between the language you use and the way your grandparents speak.When enough time has passed， the influence of these changes becomes clearer.
　　During the 18th century， Jonathan Swift， the Irish writer， and many other people felt the English language was in serious decline （衰落） and that a national organization — like those in France and Italy — should be created to save the language.Swift once wrote that we should find a way to stop our language from changing.Even today， we hear people complaining about a lack of “standards （標準）” in spoken and written English.New words and expressions， or changes in grammar， are often considered bad.
　　More experts believe that change in language is unavoidable.Change is a way of keeping a language alive and useful， and gives speakers different ways of saying things with extremely small differences of meaning and ways of expressing completely new ideas.The organizations set up in France and Italy have had little success in reducing the amount of change in French or Italian.
　　In 1747， Samuel Johnson wrote about his desire to write a dictionary that would fix the pronunciation of English and keep it pure （純正的）.But when he completed the dictionary ten years later， he admitted in his introduction that fixing a language was impossible.Like it or not， language is always changing and English will go on doing so in many creative and — to some people — annoying ways.
9.What can we learn from the second paragraph？
A.Some people learn to speak better than others.
B.The youth should learn from their grandparents.
C.Language change is greatly influenced by people.
D.Language changes little if people stay in the same place.
10.What does Jonathan Swift think of language change？
A.He thinks it is hopeful.
B.He thinks it is unclear.
C.He agrees on the change.
D.He doesn’t agree on the change.
11.Why did Samuel Johnson decide to write a dictionary？
A.To create some new words.
B.To include some foreign words.
C.To keep English pure from changes.
D.To record the changes in English.
12.What would be the best title for the text？
A.Why Does Language Change？
B.Written English Needs Standards
C.Does Language Change Influence Society？
D.How to Protect the Language
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　One year ago， I paid no attention to English idioms （習語）， though my teacher told me about them again and again.But soon， the 　13　 of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience.
　　One day， I 　14　 to meet an Englishman on the road， and soon we began to talk.As I was talking about how I was studying English， the 　15　 seemed to be surprised.Gently shaking his 　16　，shrugging （聳） his shoulders， he said， “You don’t say！” I was 　17　.I thought perhaps this was not a proper 　18　.I had better change it.So I said to him， “Have you ever been to the Great Wall？” “Certainly！ It was amazing.Everyone back home will 　19　 me if I leave China without seeing it.” I continued， “The Great Wall is one of the 　20　 in the world.We are very proud of it.” But soon， “You don’t say！” came to my ears again.I couldn’t 　21　 asking， “Why do you ask me not to talk about it？” “Well， I didn’t ask you to do so，” he answered， 　22　 surprised.I said， “Didn’t you say ‘You don’t say！’？” 　23　 this， the Englishman laughed to tears.He began to 　24　， “‘You don’t say！’ actually means ‘Really’！ It is a（n） 　25　 of surprise.Perhaps you don’t pay attention to English idioms.” Only then did I know I had made a 　26　 of myself.Since then I have been more 　27　 with idiomatic expressions.
13.A.effect B.difference
C.importance D.source
14.A.used B.expected
C.happened D.refused
15.A.foreigner B.teacher
C.student D.partner
16.A.hand B.arm
C.head D.body
17.A.worried B.uneasy
C.curious D.confused
18.A.style B.topic
C.opinion D.task
19.A.laugh at B.ran after
C.rely on D.refer to
20.A.works B.wonders
C.choices D.examples
21.A.help B.admit
C.regret D.allow
22.A.naturally B.purposely
C.hardly D.greatly
23.A.Finding B.Feeling
C.Hearing D.Noticing
24.A.request B.explain
C.complain D.determine
25.A.problem B.expression
C.goal D.recognition
26.A.sense B.sign
C.mess D.fool
27.A.satisfied B.annoyed
C.anxious D.careful
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　You know how disappointed it can be if you are not able to communicate with the 　28　 （native） when you’re traveling， and you might think learning a new language is a tough task.
　　But fear not！ We figured out 　29　 （exact） how many words you need to learn to speak a language well.A group of linguists （語言學家） have created a test 　30　 （see） how many words you know in English.There are 200，000＋words in the English language， but the test only 　31　 （include） 50 of them.You may not understand all of the 50 words.The linguists believe that if you multiply （乘） 　32　 number of words out of 50 that you understand by 500， you’ll almost know your English vocabulary.
　　A professor has found that native speakers of a language know 15，000 to 20，000 lemmas （詞目）.A lemma 　33　 （make） up of a root word （say： walk） and all of 　34　 （it） inflections （屈折變化） （walked， walking， walker， etc.）.But if you learn a new language， you can never understand 15，000 lemmas.
　　He discourages people from learning all of the words in a language.There are 800 to 1，000 lemmas 　35　 are used most frequently in the language.He advises people to focus 　36　 these lemmas.With these lemmas， people can understand 75% of the language.And they will be 　37　 （confidence） enough to start a conversation， order at a restaurant， and deal with other daily communication.
28.　　　　　　 29.　　　　　　 30.　　　　
31.　　　 32.　　　 33.　　　
34.　　　 35.　　　 36.　　　
37.　　　
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.Subway　2.apartments　3.type　4.petrol/gas　5.contact
6.unfamiliar　7.likely　8.context
維度二
1.long-distance　2.poorly-paid　3.passers-by　4.English-speaking　5.ill-treated　6.face-to-face　7.ready-made
8.peace-loving　9.absent-minded　10.notebook
維度三
1.合成法　2.派生法　3.派生法　4.轉化法　5.派生法　6.轉化法　7.派生法
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了高中生Noah學習中文的經歷，學習漢語讓他獲益良多，他結合自己自學語言的經歷開發了一款翻譯應用程序。
1.D　推理判斷題。根據第一段和第三段內容可知，Noah熱愛學習語言，他學習中文的經歷促使他開發了一款中文翻譯應用程序；學習漢語使Noah在兼職的餐廳更好地為客人服務。由此推知，漢語學習讓Noah獲益良多。
2.D　細節理解題。根據第五段內容可知，Noah的應用程序包括每日一詞、教如何寫漢字的課程以及推送重要的中國新聞。
3.A　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的I’m planning to work for a year and save so I can go on to university as I really want to make a career （事業） out of one of these two topics.可知，Noah決定高中畢業后先找一份工作。
4.A　推理判斷題。根據第三、四段內容可知，Noah自學了漢語并掌握了其他七種語言的基本知識，并結合自己自學語言的經歷設計了一款翻譯應用程序。由此可知，Noah不僅求知欲強，而且很有創造力。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。人們往往認為加拿大英語和美式英語沒有區別，但是加拿大人有自己的英語變體，文章對其中的原因進行了介紹。
5.C　細節理解題。根據第一段第一句可知，大多數人認為加拿大英語和美式英語沒有區別。
6.D　細節理解題。根據第二段中的However， it is to be noted that the Canadians were strongly against colonization （殖民化） when the Americans tried to force them to join.可知，歷史上美國曾想讓加拿大成為美國領土的一部分。
7.A　細節理解題。根據第三段中的The first people to arrive in Canada were the Irish who were under the rule of Great Britain.可知，第一批加拿大人來自愛爾蘭。
8.A　細節理解題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，加拿大人用“eh”這個詞結束一個句子。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了語言是變化的，并分析了其變化的原因。
9.C　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的Language changes ... can make them a part of our own speech.可知，人們的說話方式會因年齡、出身、社會和教育背景的不同而不同。我們在與不同的人交流時會受到影響，語言也就發生了變化。所以語言的變化受人的影響很大。
10.D　細節理解題。根據第三段前兩句可知，喬納森·斯威夫特不贊同語言的變化。
11.C　細節理解題。根據最后一段第一句可知，為了保持英語的純正，讓其不受變化的影響，塞繆爾·約翰遜決定編寫一本詞典。
12.A　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章提出語言是變化的，并分析了其變化的原因。所以A項（為什么語言會變化？）為文章最佳標題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是作者在一次與外國友人的交流中，沒有注意到習語的重要性，出了洋相。由此作者注意到在學習英語的過程中，應該注重英語習語的表達。
13.C　根據上文But soon可知，上下文之間是轉折關系，說明作者之前不重視英語習語，但后來開始重視，認識到它的重要性。effect作用；difference區別；importance重要性；source來源。
14.C　根據下文an Englishman on the road可推知，作者之前不認識這個英國人，他們只是碰巧遇到。use使用；expect期待；happen碰巧；refuse拒絕。
15.A　根據上文One day， I 　14　 to meet an Englishman on the road可知，作者是與外國人交談，故外國人感覺很驚訝。foreigner外國人；teacher教師；student學生；partner伙伴。
16.C　根據上文be surprised可知，外國人感到驚訝，搖頭表示不贊同作者的做法。hand手；arm胳膊；head頭；body身體。
17.D　根據下文I couldn’t　21　 asking， “Why do you ask me not to talk about it？”可知，作者不理解You don’t say！的意思，感覺到很困惑。worried擔心的；uneasy不舒服的；curious好奇的；confused困惑的。
18.B　根據下文I had better change it.可知，作者認為自己選擇的談話話題不合適，決定換一個。style風格；topic話題；opinion觀點；task任務。
19.A　根據上文It was amazing.可知，如果外國人來中國沒去長城，則會被家里人笑話。laugh at嘲笑；run after追逐；rely on依靠；refer to提及。
20.B　結合常識可知，長城是世界上的奇跡之一。work作品；wonder奇跡；choice選擇；example例子。
21.A　作者對于外國友人一直說You don’t say！故忍不住問原因；couldn’t help doing sth禁不住做某事。 help幫助；admit承認；regret懊悔；allow允許。
22.D　根據上文可知，作者問外國人為什么不讓自己談論這個話題，外國人非常驚訝地回答他沒有不讓作者說這個話題。naturally自然地；purposely故意地；hardly幾乎不；greatly極大地。
23.C　根據下文the Englishman laughed to tears可知，英國人聽了作者的回答，然后笑哭了。find找到；feel感覺；hear聽到；notice注意到。
24.B　根據下文“You don’t say！” actually means “Really”！ It is a（n） 　25　 of surprise.可知，英國人給作者解釋了什么是You don’t say！request要求；explain解釋；complain抱怨；determine決定。
25.B　根據上一句的解釋可知，You don’t say！是英語的習語表達。problem問題；expression表達；goal目標；recognition承認。
26.D　根據上文可知，作者不知道這個英語習語的真正含義，出了洋相。make fool of oneself出洋相；出丑。sense感覺；sign標記；mess臟，亂；fool愚蠢。
27.D　作者在知道自己出了洋相后，會對英語習語的使用更加小心。satisfied感到滿意的；annoyed惱怒的；anxious焦急的；careful小心的。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了學習一門語言的方法和技巧。
28.natives　考查名詞復數。空處作賓語應用名詞，此處表示復數意義，應用其復數形式。故填natives。
29.exactly　考查詞形轉換。分析句子結構可知，空處作狀語，修飾動詞短語figured out，應用副詞。故填exactly。
30.to see　考查非謂語動詞。句中have created為謂語，空處作目的狀語，應用動詞不定式。故填to see。
31.includes　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。空處是謂語動詞，根據前半句的are可知，此處使用一般現在時。主語the test為第三人稱單數，謂語動詞也應該使用第三人稱單數。故填includes。
32.the　考查冠詞。the number of為固定搭配，意為“……的數量”。故填the。
33.is made　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據語境可知，句子表述客觀事實：一個詞目由一個詞根和它所有的屈折形式組成，故使用一般現在時，主語A lemma為第三人稱單數，謂語也應用單數形式。故填is made。
34.its　考查代詞。空處修飾名詞inflections，應用形容詞性物主代詞作定語，故填its。
35.which/that　考查定語從句。空處引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞lemmas，指物，關系詞在從句中作主語，故填which/that。
36.on/upon　考查介詞。focus on/upon為固定短語，意為“集中注意力于……”。故填on/upon。
37.confident　考查詞形轉換。分析句子結構可知，空處作表語，應用形容詞。故填confident。
5 / 6Section Ⅱ　Using language
復習：構詞法
①This made me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant either.
②Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
③If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions，why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？
④When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report，do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that？”
⑤What about “IT” and “US”？
⑥You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which ...
⑦ ...but when the lights are out， they are invisible.
⑧Not only can you post specific questions， but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.
【我的發現】
1.句①和句②中的黑體單詞都是由兩個單詞連在一起合成的一個新詞，這種詞叫　　　　，這種構詞法被稱為　　　　　　。
2.句③、⑥、⑦中的黑體單詞是在詞根之后加上　　　　　或在詞根之前加上　　　　　，構成一個與原來單詞意思相近或相反的單詞，這種構詞法叫　　　　　　。
3.句⑧中的兩個post詞性不同：第一個post為　　　　　　，意為“發帖子”；第二個post為　　　　　　，意為“　　　　　　”。這是在不改變詞形的前提下將一個詞由一種詞性轉化為另外一種詞性，這種方法被稱為　　　　　　。
4.句④、⑤中的WHO，IT，US是由多個單詞的首字母拼在一起而構成的單詞，這種構詞法叫　　　　　　。
一、構詞法的定義及分類
按照一定的語言規律創造新詞的方法叫作構詞法。英語構詞法主要有縮略法 （Abbreviation）、合成法 （Compounding）、派生法 （Derivation）、轉化法 （Conversion）等。
二、幾種常見的構詞法
1.縮略法
縮略法是指把原詞的音節加以省略或簡化，從而在拼寫和讀音上都呈現出新的形式的構詞方法。縮略法最常見的一種形式就是首字母縮略。例如：
UN——the United Nations聯合國
MTV——music television音樂電視
AIDS——Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome艾滋病
【即時演練1】　寫出下列詞匯的縮略詞
①very important person→　　　
②television→　　　
③Information Technology→　　　
④Voice of America→　　　
2.合成法
由兩個或兩個以上的單詞連在一起合成的詞叫合成詞，這種構詞法稱為合成法。最常見的合成法包括：合成名詞、合成形容詞、合成動詞、合成副詞、合成介詞、合成代詞。詞與詞之間有的用連字符連接，有的直接連接在一起。
分類 方法 舉例
合 成 名 詞 名詞＋名詞 sportsman 男運動員 lifeboat 救生船 bookmark 書簽 wheelchair 輪椅 guidebook 指南，手冊
名詞＋動詞-ing handwriting 書法 babysitting 照看小孩 sightseeing觀光
名詞＋動詞＋-er painkiller 止痛藥 storyteller 講故事的人 lawmaker立法者
動詞＋名詞 typewriter 打字機 postmark 郵戳 pushcart 手推車 workshop 研討會；車間
形容詞＋名詞 gentleman 紳士 greenhouse 溫室
名詞＋動詞 handshake 握手 sunset 日落
介詞＋名詞 overweight 超重 by-product 副產品
副詞＋動詞 income 收入 output 產量，輸出
動詞＋副詞 cleanup 打掃 closedown 停業 checkup 檢查 get-together 聚會 breakthrough 突破 tryout 選拔賽
合 成 形 容 詞 名詞＋形容詞 lifelong 終身的，畢生的 snow-white 雪白的
名詞＋動詞-ing English-speaking 講英語的 peace-loving 愛好和平的 heartbreaking 令人心碎的 breathtaking 激動人心的
名詞＋動詞-ed fun-filled 充滿樂趣的 man-made 人造的 heartbroken 悲傷的 custom-made 定制
形容詞＋動詞-ing good-looking 相貌好看的 easy-going 性格隨和的
形容詞＋ 名詞＋-ed warm-hearted 熱心的 white-colored 白色的
形容詞＋動詞-ed strong-minded 意志堅強的 electric-powered 電動的 white-painted 漆成白色的 ill-cooked 廚藝差勁的
副詞＋動詞-ed well-educated 受過良好教育的 newly-made 新建的 well-known 著名的
副詞＋動詞-ing hard-working 勤勞的
介詞＋名詞/ 動詞-ing in-depth 徹底的 underlying 根本的，潛在的
數詞＋名詞＋-ed one-eyed獨眼的 three-storeyed三層的
數詞＋名 詞＋形容詞 three-year-old 三歲的 two-foot-deep 兩英尺深的
動詞-ed＋副詞 built-in內置的，固有的
續表
分類 方法 舉例
合成 動詞 形容詞＋動詞 ill-treat虐待 whitewash用石灰水粉刷
副/介詞＋動詞 overcome 戰勝 overthrow 推翻
合 成 副 詞 形容詞＋名詞 hotfoot 匆忙地 anyway 無論如何
形容詞＋副詞 everywhere 到處 somehow 不知何故
副詞＋副詞 however 無論如何 whole-heartedly 全心全意地
介詞＋副詞 forever 永遠
介詞＋名詞 beforehand 預先 downstairs 在樓下
合 成 介 詞 副詞＋名詞 inside 在……里 outside 在……外
介詞＋副詞 throughout 遍及 within 在……之內
副詞＋介詞 into 到……里 upon 在……之上
合 成 代 詞 代詞賓格＋self herself 她自己 himself 他自己
物主代詞＋self myself 我自己 yourself 你自己
形容詞＋名詞 anything 任何東西 everything 一切東西
【即時演練2】　寫出下列合成詞的漢語意思
①greenhouse　　　　 　　　　　
②sunset 　　　　　
③far-reaching 　　　　　
④heartfelt 　　　　　
⑤hotfoot 　　　　　
⑥overcome 　　　　　
3.派生法
派生法指在詞根之前加前綴或在詞根之后加后綴構成一個與原來單詞意義相近或相反的單詞。除少數前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意思，不改變詞性；后綴一般改變單詞的詞性，但是并不引起詞義的變化。
（1）動詞變名詞后綴
①-y　discover→discovery發現；injure→injury傷害
②-er/-or/-ar/-ee　beg→beggar乞丐；educate→educator教育工作者；lie→liar撒謊者
③-al　arrive→arrival到達；refuse→refusal拒絕
④其他　choose→choice選擇；think→thought思想；思考
（2）形容詞變名詞后綴
①-y/-ty/-ity　difficult→difficulty困難；safe→safety安全；able→ability能力
②-th　warm→warmth溫暖；true→truth真理
③-ness　happy→happiness幸福；kind→kindness仁慈
④-ce　silent→silence沉默；different→difference差異
（3）形容詞變副詞后綴
①直接加-ly　certain→certainly肯定地；natural→naturally自然地
②以-y結尾的詞，變y為i再加-ly　happy→happily高興地；lucky→luckily幸運地
③以-le結尾的詞，去e加y　terrible→terribly非常；simple→simply簡單地
（4）否定前綴
①un-　healthy→unhealthy不健康的；fair→unfair不公平的
②im-　possible→impossible不可能的；polite→impolite不禮貌的
③dis-　like→dislike不喜歡；agree→disagree不同意
④mis-　understand→misunderstand誤解；lead→mislead誤導
⑤in-　formal→informal非正式的；convenient→inconvenient不方便的
（5）其他意義的前綴、后綴
①re-（重新）　write→rewrite重寫；build→rebuild重建
②-less（無）　harm→harmless無害的；use→useless無用的
【即時演練3】　根據漢語意思給下列單詞加上適當的詞綴
①　　　　complete　　　不完全的
②　　　　possible 不可能的
③　　　　large 擴大
④　　　　cycle 再循環
⑤wid　　　 加寬
⑥scholar　　　　 獎學金
4.轉化法
在詞形不變的情況下，把一個單詞由一種詞性轉換成另一種詞性，而不加任何詞綴，這種構詞方法稱為轉化法。轉化法種類很多，但數量最多的是由名詞轉化為動詞和由動詞轉化為名詞兩大類。
（1）許多名詞可轉化為動詞，意思也隨之有些改變。如：
cook （n.廚師→v.烹調）
name （n.名字→v.取名）
picture （n.畫→v.描繪）
stand （n.看臺→v.站）
（2）形容詞轉化為動詞。如：
calm （adj.平靜的→v.使平靜）
spare （adj.空閑的→v.節省）
own （adj.自己的→v.擁有）
last （adj.最后的→v.持續）
（3）形容詞轉化成副詞。如：
hard （adj.困難的→adv.努力地）
well （adj.健康的→adv.很好地）
【即時演練4】　句型轉換
①We had lunch together after the meeting.
→We 　　　　　　together after the meeting.
②Let’s fill the water into this bottle.
→Let’s 　　　　　　the water.
③You are so fat that you have to go on a diet.
→You are so fat that you have to 　　　　.
④Snow often falls in my hometown in winter.
→It often 　　　　　　in my hometown in winter.
come across 偶然發現，偶然遇見
【教材原句】　When you open a dictionary， you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words.
當你打開詞典時，你經常會遇到許多不熟悉的單詞。
【用法】
come about 　　　 發生，產生
come up with 趕上；提出，想出（主意、解決方法、計劃等）
come up 走近；出現；被提出
come out 出來，顯露；開花；出版，發表；上市
【佳句】　Whenever I came across difficulties， your help always cheered me up.
我無論何時遇到困難，你的幫助總會使我振作起來。（感謝信）
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The shop manager came over and asked the customer how the quarrel had come 　　　　.
②Various suggestions came 　　　　　　at the meeting but were refused at last.
【寫美】　用come的相關短語完成語段
③I 　　　　　　　　an old friend in the street yesterday. He said his new book would 　　　　　　　　the next month. We also talked about the accident that 　　　　　　　that day.
contact vt. 聯系，聯絡 n. 接觸，聯系
【教材原句】　a friend that you contact by writing，traditionally using a pen ...
一個你通過寫信聯系的朋友，傳統上使用鋼筆……
【用法】
（1）be in contact with　　　接觸；與……有聯系（表狀態）
keep/stay in contact with 與……保持聯系
（2）lose contact with 與……失去聯系
be out of contact with 與……失去聯系（表狀態）
make contact with 與……取得聯系
【佳句】　For more information， please contact us in our office.
如需更多信息，請聯系我們的辦公室。（通知）
【練透】　補全句子
①I’ve 　　　　　　　　　　most of my school friends.
我與學校的大多數朋友失去了聯系。
②We have 　　　　　　　　　　each other for years. And last week we 　 　　　again.
我們已經很多年沒有聯系了。上周我們又取得了聯系。
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③互聯網有助于我和朋友們保持聯系。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
likely adj.可能的，可能發生的
【用法】
（1）be likely to do ...　　　可能做……
（2） 可能……
（3）It is possible for sb to do sth
某人有可能做某事【佳句】　She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
她還說，可能還有其他一些基因幫助巴瑤人潛水。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①My heart beat with joy as I knew we were likely 　　　　　　　　（save）.
【寫美】　同義句轉換
②Brian is gifted in writing music； he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
→Brian is gifted in writing music； 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a Beethoven.
→Brian is gifted in writing music； 　　　　　　　　　　　　　he will be a Beethoven.
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
1.合成詞　合成法　2.后綴　前綴　派生法
3.動詞　名詞　帖子　轉化法　4.縮略法
即時演練1
①VIP 　②TV 　③IT 　④VOA
即時演練2
①溫室　②日落　③影響深遠的　④由衷的　⑤匆忙地　⑥克服
即時演練3
①in　②im　③en　④re　⑤en　⑥ship
即時演練4
①lunched 　②bottle　③diet　④snows
【知識要點·須拾遺】
1.①about　②up　③came across； come out； came about
2.①lost contact with
②been out of contact with； made contact
③The Internet helps me to keep/stay in contact with my friends.
3.①to be saved　②it is very possible for him to be； it is very likely/possible/probable that
7 / 7(共98張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
知識要點·須拾遺
3
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
復習：構詞法
①This made me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant either.
②Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
③If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions，why are
shameless and shameful behaviors the same？
④When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report，do you
read it as the “who” in “Who’s that？”
⑤What about “IT” and “US”？
⑥You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in
which ...
⑦ ...but when the lights are out， they are invisible.
⑧Not only can you post specific questions， but you can also broaden
your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the
world.
【我的發現】
1. 句①和句②中的藍體單詞都是由兩個單詞連在一起合成的一個新
詞，這種詞叫 ，這種構詞法被稱為 。
2. 句③、⑥、⑦中的藍體單詞是在詞根之后加上 或在詞根之
前加上 ，構成一個與原來單詞意思相近或相反的單詞，這
種構詞法叫 。
合成詞　
合成法　
后綴　
前綴　
派生法　
3. 句⑧中的兩個post詞性不同：第一個post為 ，意為“發帖
子”；第二個post為 ，意為“ ”。這是在不改變
詞形的前提下將一個詞由一種詞性轉化為另外一種詞性，這種方法
被稱為 。
4. 句④、⑤中的WHO，IT，US是由多個單詞的首字母拼在一起而構
成的單詞，這種構詞法叫 。
動詞　
名詞　
帖子　
轉化法　
縮略法　
一、構詞法的定義及分類
按照一定的語言規律創造新詞的方法叫作構詞法。英語構詞法主要有
縮略法 （Abbreviation）、合成法 （Compounding）、派生法
（Derivation）、轉化法 （Conversion）等。
二、幾種常見的構詞法
1. 縮略法
縮略法是指把原詞的音節加以省略或簡化，從而在拼寫和讀音上都
呈現出新的形式的構詞方法。縮略法最常見的一種形式就是首字母
縮略。例如：
UN——the United Nations聯合國
MTV——music television音樂電視
AIDS——Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome艾滋病
【即時演練1】　寫出下列詞匯的縮略詞
①very important person→
②television→
③Information Technology→
④Voice of America→
VIP　
TV　
IT　
VOA　
2. 合成法
由兩個或兩個以上的單詞連在一起合成的詞叫合成詞，這種構詞法
稱為合成法。最常見的合成法包括：合成名詞、合成形容詞、合成
動詞、合成副詞、合成介詞、合成代詞。詞與詞之間有的用連字符
連接，有的直接連接在一起。
分類 方法 舉例
合成 名詞 名詞＋名詞 sportsman 男運動員
lifeboat 救生船
bookmark 書簽
wheelchair 輪椅
guidebook 指南，手冊
名詞＋動詞-ing handwriting 書法
babysitting 照看小孩
sightseeing觀光
分類 方法 舉例
合成 名詞 名詞＋動詞＋-er painkiller 止痛藥
storyteller 講故事的人
lawmaker立法者
動詞＋名詞 typewriter 打字機
postmark 郵戳
pushcart 手推車
workshop 研討會；車間
分類 方法 舉例
合成 名詞 形容詞＋名詞 gentleman 紳士
greenhouse 溫室
名詞＋動詞 handshake 握手
sunset 日落
介詞＋名詞 overweight 超重
by-product 副產品
分類 方法 舉例
合成 名詞 副詞＋動詞 income 收入
output 產量，輸出
動詞＋副詞 cleanup 打掃
closedown 停業
checkup 檢查
get-together 聚會
breakthrough 突破
tryout 選拔賽
分類 方法 舉例
合成 形容詞 名詞＋形容詞 lifelong 終身的，畢生的
snow-white 雪白的
名詞＋動詞-ing English-speaking 講英語的
peace-loving 愛好和平的
heartbreaking 令人心碎的
breathtaking 激動人心的
分類 方法 舉例
合成 形容詞 名詞＋動詞-ed fun-filled 充滿樂趣的
man-made 人造的
heartbroken 悲傷的
custom-made 定制
形容詞＋動詞-ing good-looking 相貌好看的
easy-going 性格隨和的
形容詞＋名詞＋-ed warm-hearted 熱心的
white-colored 白色的
分類 方法 舉例
合成 形容詞 形容詞＋動詞-ed strong-minded 意志堅強的
electric-powered 電動的
white-painted 漆成白色的
ill-cooked 廚藝差勁的
副詞＋動詞-ed well-educated 受過良好教育的
newly-made 新建的
well-known 著名的
副詞＋動詞-ing hard-working 勤勞的
分類 方法 舉例
合成 形容詞 介詞＋名詞/動詞-ing in-depth 徹底的
underlying 根本的，潛在的
數詞＋名詞＋-ed one-eyed獨眼的
three-storeyed三層的
數詞＋名詞＋形容詞 three-year-old 三歲的
two-foot-deep 兩英尺深的
動詞-ed＋副詞 built-in內置的，固有的
分類 方法 舉例
合成 動詞 形容詞＋動詞 ill-treat虐待
whitewash用石灰水粉刷
副/介詞＋動詞 overcome 戰勝
overthrow 推翻
分類 方法 舉例
合成 副詞 形容詞＋名詞 hotfoot 匆忙地
anyway 無論如何
形容詞＋副詞 everywhere 到處
somehow 不知何故
副詞＋副詞 however 無論如何
whole-heartedly 全心全意地
介詞＋副詞 forever 永遠
介詞＋名詞 beforehand 預先
downstairs 在樓下
分類 方法 舉例
合成 介詞 副詞＋名詞 inside 在……里
outside 在……外
介詞＋副詞 throughout 遍及
within 在……之內
副詞＋介詞 into 到……里
upon 在……之上
分類 方法 舉例
合成 代詞 代詞賓格＋self herself 她自己
himself 他自己
物主代詞＋self myself 我自己
yourself 你自己
形容詞＋名詞 anything 任何東西
everything 一切東西
【即時演練2】 寫出下列合成詞的漢語意思
①greenhouse
②sunset
③far-reaching
④heartfelt
⑤hotfoot
⑥overcome
溫室　
日落　
影響深遠的　
由衷的　
匆忙地　
克服　
3. 派生法
派生法指在詞根之前加前綴或在詞根之后加后綴構成一個與原來單
詞意義相近或相反的單詞。除少數前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意
思，不改變詞性；后綴一般改變單詞的詞性，但是并不引起詞義的
變化。
（1）動詞變名詞后綴
①-y discover→discovery發現；injure→injury傷害
②-er/-or/-ar/-ee
beg→beggar乞丐；educate→educator教育工作者；lie→liar撒謊者
③-al arrive→arrival到達；refuse→refusal拒絕
④其他 choose→choice選擇；think→thought思想；思考
（2）形容詞變名詞后綴
①-y/-ty/-ity
difficult→difficulty困難；safe→safety安全；able→ability能力
②-th warm→warmth溫暖；true→truth真理
③-ness happy→happiness幸福；kind→kindness仁慈
④-ce silent→silence沉默；different→difference差異
（3）形容詞變副詞后綴
①直接加-ly certain→certainly肯定地；natural→naturally自然地
②以-y結尾的詞，變y為i再加-ly
happy→happily高興地；lucky→luckily幸運地
③以-le結尾的詞，去e加y
terrible→terribly非常；simple→simply簡單地
（4）否定前綴
①un- healthy→unhealthy不健康的；fair→unfair不公平的
②im- possible→impossible不可能的；polite→impolite不禮貌的
③dis- like→dislike不喜歡；agree→disagree不同意
④mis- understand→misunderstand誤解；lead→mislead誤導
⑤in- formal→informal非正式的；convenient→inconvenient不方便的
（5）其他意義的前綴、后綴
①re-（重新） write→rewrite重寫；build→rebuild重建
②-less（無） harm→harmless無害的；use→useless無用的
【即時演練3】 根據漢語意思給下列單詞加上適當的詞綴
① complete 不完全的
② possible 不可能的
③ large 擴大
④ cycle 再循環
⑤wid 　加寬
⑥scholar 　獎學金
in
im
en
re
en　
ship　
4. 轉化法
在詞形不變的情況下，把一個單詞由一種詞性轉換成另一種詞性，
而不加任何詞綴，這種構詞方法稱為轉化法。轉化法種類很多，但
數量最多的是由名詞轉化為動詞和由動詞轉化為名詞兩大類。
（1）許多名詞可轉化為動詞，意思也隨之有些改變。如：
cook （n.廚師→v.烹調）
name （n.名字→v.取名）
picture （n.畫→v.描繪）
stand （n.看臺→v.站）
（2）形容詞轉化為動詞。如：
calm （adj.平靜的→v.使平靜）
spare （adj.空閑的→v.節省）
own （adj.自己的→v.擁有）
last （adj.最后的→v.持續）
（3）形容詞轉化成副詞。如：
hard （adj.困難的→adv.努力地）
well （adj.健康的→adv.很好地）
【即時演練4】　句型轉換
①We had lunch together after the meeting.
→We together after the meeting.
②Let’s fill the water into this bottle.
→Let’s the water.
③You are so fat that you have to go on a diet.
→You are so fat that you have to .
④Snow often falls in my hometown in winter.
→It often in my hometown in winter.
lunched　
bottle　
diet　
snows　
知識要點·須拾遺
關注高頻詞匯
2
come across 偶然發現，偶然遇見
【教材原句】　When you open a dictionary， you often come across a
lot of unfamiliar words.
當你打開詞典時，你經常會遇到許多不熟悉的單詞。
【用法】
come about 　　　發生，產生
come up with　　趕上；提出，想出（主意、解決方法、計劃等）
come up　　走近；出現；被提出
come out　　出來，顯露；開花；出版，發表；上市
【佳句】　Whenever I came across difficulties， your help always
cheered me up.我無論何時遇到困難，你的幫助總會使我振作起來。
（感謝信）
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The shop manager came over and asked the customer how the quarrel
had come .
②Various suggestions came at the meeting but were refused at
last.
about　
up　
【寫美】　用come的相關短語完成語段
③I an old friend in the street yesterday. He said his new
book would the next month. We also talked about the
accident that that day.
came across　
come out　
came about　
contact vt. 聯系，聯絡 n. 接觸，聯系
【教材原句】　a friend that you contact by writing，traditionally using
a pen ...
一個你通過寫信聯系的朋友，傳統上使用鋼筆……
【用法】
（1）be in contact with 接觸；與……有聯系（表狀態）
keep/stay in contact with與……保持聯系
（2）lose contact with　　與……失去聯系
be out of contact with　　與……失去聯系（表狀態）
make contact with　　與……取得聯系
【佳句】　For more information， please contact us in our office.
如需更多信息，請聯系我們的辦公室。（通知）
【練透】　補全句子
①I’ve most of my school friends.
我與學校的大多數朋友失去了聯系。
②We have each other for years. And last
week we again.
我們已經很多年沒有聯系了。上周我們又取得了聯系。
lost contact with　
been out of contact with　
made contact　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③互聯網有助于我和朋友們保持聯系。

The Internet helps me to keep/stay in contact with my friends.　
likely adj.可能的，可能發生的
【用法】
（1）be likely to do ...　　　可能做……
（2）　　可能……
（3）It is possible for sb to do sth某人有可能做某事
【佳句】　She also said there were likely a number of other genes that
help the Bajau dive.
她還說，可能還有其他一些基因幫助巴瑤人潛水。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①My heart beat with joy as I knew we were likely
（save）.
to be saved　
【寫美】　同義句轉換
②Brian is gifted in writing music； he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
→Brian is gifted in writing music； a
Beethoven.
→Brian is gifted in writing music；
he will be a Beethoven.
it is very possible for him to be　
it is very likely/possible/probable
that　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：基礎題型練
根據首字母或漢語提示寫出單詞的適當形式
1. S is an electric railway which runs below the surface of the
ground.
2. The building being built is served for students’ a .
3. Originally， I couldn’t adapt to this t of food， but I gradually
fell in love with it.
ubway　
partments　
ype　
4. To be on the safe side， we should fill up the tank now，because we
might run out of （汽油） on the way.
5. For more brochures about other package tours around
Peru， （聯系） us at tourinfo@ travelperu.org.
6. When you open a dictionary， you often come across a lot
of （不熟悉的） words.
7. Young drivers are far more （可能的） to have accidents
than old drivers.
8. “Smart” can mean “intelligent” or “sarcastic”， depending on
the （上下文）.
petrol/gas　
contact　
unfamiliar　
likely　
context　
維度二：語法與寫作
選詞填空
English-speaking，poorly-paid，absent-minded，passer-by，face-to-
face，ill-treated，peace-loving，notebook， ready-made， long-
distance
1. Meanwhile， I’m an active member of my school’s
running team and volunteering club.
2. Though it is a job， he still devotes much time and
energy to it.
long-
distance　
poorly-paid　
3. The glass window fell down all of a sudden without warning， and
five were injured.
4. His spoken English is very good， because he is from Australia，
an country.
5. The workers took up struggles for equal human rights.
6. They agreed to have a talk next week.
7. The fat man can hardly find any clothes that fit him
well.
passers-by　
English-speaking　
ill-treated　
face-to-face　
ready-made　
8. We Chinese are people and we’ll never declare war
on others.
9. The professor is always losing his glasses when
wearing them.
10. When I use my dictionary，I write down all the new words I learn in
this little .
peace-loving　
absent-minded　
notebook　
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面短文，分析并寫出加藍單詞的構詞法。
　　Last 1.weekend， I was traveling home from business.It was too
late， so I decided to go to a hotel near the bus stop. At the entrance to the
hotel， I met a man who was 2.disabled， and I made up my mind to
offer him some help.He spoke to me and explained his past life when he
was 3.healthy.He had worked in a car factory for five years.Then an
accident left him disabled.While listening to his story I realized that he
had 4.experienced a lot in his life.I told him that although he was
5.physically disabled， his heart was strong， and he could always
depend on it.I offered him some money to buy food and 6.drinks and
then he went home.I have learnt that if you say a few good words and
offer a little help to others， it will not only bring 7.happiness to you，
but it will also be in people’s hearts forever.
答案：1.合成法　2.派生法　3.派生法　4.轉化法　5.派生法　6.轉
化法　7.派生法
　　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Year-12 student Noah Little has already sat his first Chinese-speaking
exam and said it was “the easiest exam I’ve ever done”.That view is
not surprising given the Wagga High School student loves language — so
much so he has built a Chinese translation app.
　　Noah said his love of language was encouraged by his
community.“Wagga is a place full of people from different cultures，
and sometimes when I meet new people who have trouble speaking
English， I like to talk to them in their own language，” he said.“I also have a few Chinese friends so I think it will be cool to talk to them in their language.”
　　The 17-year-old started teaching himself Chinese around five years
ago， before taking distance education classes at the start of Year 11.His
language ability was also useful in his part-time job at a local Chinese
restaurant， where he translated orders for the cooks and customers.
　　Noah said he also had a basic knowledge of seven other languages.It
was while teaching himself languages that Noah got the idea of the
translation tool.“I decided to make my own app because there weren’t
many around — all the other apps were full of advertisements and the
translation feature （功能） wasn’t powerful enough，” he said.
　　His app also includes a word of the day feature， lessons on how to
write Chinese characters （漢字） and a news feed of important Chinese
news.
　　He said learning computer programming to build the app had been
like studying another language.With the end of school around the corner，
Noah said he would like to pursue （追求） both his interests in computer
programming and languages.“I’m planning to work for a year and save
so I can go on to university as I really want to make a career （事業） out
of one of these two topics.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了高中生Noah學習中
文的經歷，學習漢語讓他獲益良多，他結合自己自學語言的經歷開
發了一款翻譯應用程序。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了高中生Noah學習中
文的經歷，學習漢語讓他獲益良多，他結合自己自學語言的經歷開
發了一款翻譯應用程序。
1. What do we know about Noah？
A. He began to learn Chinese at 11.
B. He failed his first Chinese exam.
C. He likes teaching Chinese to people.
D. He gets a lot from learning Chinese.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第一段和第三段內容可知，Noah熱愛
學習語言，他學習中文的經歷促使他開發了一款中文翻譯應用程
序；學習漢語使Noah在兼職的餐廳更好地為客人服務。由此推
知，漢語學習讓Noah獲益良多。
2. What are included in Noah’s app？
A. Advertisements.
B. Pieces of world news.
C. Suggestions for memorizing words.
D. Ways of writing Chinese characters.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第五段內容可知，Noah的應用程序包
括每日一詞、教如何寫漢字的課程以及推送重要的中國新聞。
3. What has Noah decided to do shortly after high school graduation？
A. Look for a job.
B. Attend university.
C. Develop a new app.
D. Learn more languages.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的I’m planning to work
for a year and save so I can go on to university as I really want to make
a career （事業） out of one of these two topics.可知，Noah決定高
中畢業后先找一份工作。
4. Which of the following can best describe Noah？
A. Curious and creative.
B. Humorous and honest.
C. Courageous and caring.
D. Outgoing and outspoken.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三、四段內容可知，Noah自學了漢
語并掌握了其他七種語言的基本知識，并結合自己自學語言的經歷
設計了一款翻譯應用程序。由此可知，Noah不僅求知欲強，而且
很有創造力。
B
　　To most people， especially the Americans， the Canadians speak
the same language as them.This makes them believe that Canadian
English is simply American English.However， there are several reasons
why it can be said that the Canadians have their own variant （變體） of
the English language.What makes Canadian English so special？
　　Canadian English is a variant of both variants.Because of the fact that
their next-door neighbours speak American English， no doubt they were
largely influenced by it.However， it is to be noted that the Canadians
were strongly against colonization （殖民化） when the Americans tried
to force them to join.This showed just how much loyalty （忠誠） they
have for the Queen of England.The English spoken by the British and that
spoken by the Americans are worlds apart and Canadian English took the
best of both worlds to create its own language style.
　　What’s more， nothing beats the uniqueness （獨特性） of the
Canadian accent （口音）.This accent can go back to the history of the
first Canadians.The first people to arrive in Canada were the Irish who
were under the rule of Great Britain.However， soon after， a large
number of people who came from neighbouring America also started to
arrive.Many accents mixed into something between the British and the
American accent.It created certain mannerisms （習慣） which cannot be
found in either British or American English.
　　When you are in Canada， you cannot help but notice mannerisms
used by most Canadians.The word “eh” is one word which has fully
come to be connected with the Canadians.You would most likely hear a
Canadian speak to you and end his sentence with “eh”.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。人們往往認為加拿大英語和美式英
語沒有區別，但是加拿大人有自己的英語變體，文章對其中的原因
進行了介紹。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。人們往往認為加拿大英語和美式英
語沒有區別，但是加拿大人有自己的英語變體，文章對其中的原因
進行了介紹。
5. What do most people think of Canadian English？
A. It is somewhere in between American and British English.
B. It is less popular than American English.
C. It is no different from American English.
D. It is the same as British English.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段第一句可知，大多數人認為加
拿大英語和美式英語沒有區別。
6. What did the Americans try to do in history？
A. To require the Canadians to change their mannerisms.
B. To ask Canada to take a stand against colonization.
C. To force the Canadians to learn American English.
D. To make Canada part of America’s land.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段中的However， it is to be noted
that the Canadians were strongly against colonization （殖民化）
when the Americans tried to force them to join.可知，歷史上美國曾
想讓加拿大成為美國領土的一部分。
7. What can be learned about the first Canadians？
A. They were from Ireland.
B. They hated Americans a lot.
C. They spoke American English.
D. They came to Canada through America.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段中的The first people to arrive in
Canada were the Irish who were under the rule of Great Britain.可知，
第一批加拿大人來自愛爾蘭。
8. How do the Canadians use the word “eh”？
A. To finish a sentence.
B. To start a new sentence.
C. To show good manners.
D. To express a strong feeling.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，加拿大人用
“eh”這個詞結束一個句子。
C
　　All languages change over time.New vocabulary is often required for
the latest inventions or ideas.But a language can also change for reasons
that are not clear.
　　Language changes whenever speakers communicate with each
other.People from different places clearly speak differently， but even
within the same small community， people speak differently depending on
their age， origin， and social and educational background.When we
communicate with these different speakers in different situations，
we hear new words and expressions， and can make them a part of our own speech.Even if your family has lived in the same area for generations， you can probably see a number of differences between the language you use and the way your grandparents speak.When enough time has passed， the influence of these changes becomes clearer.
　　During the 18th century， Jonathan Swift， the Irish writer， and
many other people felt the English language was in serious decline （衰
落） and that a national organization — like those in France and Italy —
should be created to save the language.Swift once wrote that we should
find a way to stop our language from changing.Even today， we hear
people complaining about a lack of “standards （標準）” in spoken and
written English.New words and expressions， or changes in grammar，
are often considered bad.
　　More experts believe that change in language is unavoidable.Change
is a way of keeping a language alive and useful， and gives speakers
different ways of saying things with extremely small differences of
meaning and ways of expressing completely new ideas.The organizations
set up in France and Italy have had little success in reducing the amount of
change in French or Italian.
　　In 1747， Samuel Johnson wrote about his desire to write a dictionary
that would fix the pronunciation of English and keep it pure （純正
的）.But when he completed the dictionary ten years later， he admitted
in his introduction that fixing a language was impossible.Like it or not，
language is always changing and English will go on doing so in many
creative and — to some people — annoying ways.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了語言是變化的，并分析
了其變化的原因。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了語言是變化的，并分析
了其變化的原因。
9. What can we learn from the second paragraph？
A. Some people learn to speak better than others.
B. The youth should learn from their grandparents.
C. Language change is greatly influenced by people.
D. Language changes little if people stay in the same place.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的Language changes ... can
make them a part of our own speech.可知，人們的說話方式會因年
齡、出身、社會和教育背景的不同而不同。我們在與不同的人交流
時會受到影響，語言也就發生了變化。所以語言的變化受人的影響
很大。
10. What does Jonathan Swift think of language change？
A. He thinks it is hopeful.
B. He thinks it is unclear.
C. He agrees on the change.
D. He doesn’t agree on the change.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段前兩句可知，喬納森·斯威
夫特不贊同語言的變化。
11. Why did Samuel Johnson decide to write a dictionary？
A. To create some new words.
B. To include some foreign words.
C. To keep English pure from changes.
D. To record the changes in English.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段第一句可知，為了保持英
語的純正，讓其不受變化的影響，塞繆爾·約翰遜決定編寫一本
詞典。
12. What would be the best title for the text？
A. Why Does Language Change？
B. Written English Needs Standards
C. Does Language Change Influence Society？
D. How to Protect the Language
解析：　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章提出語言是變化
的，并分析了其變化的原因。所以A項（為什么語言會變化？）
為文章最佳標題。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　One year ago， I paid no attention to English idioms （習語），
though my teacher told me about them again and again.But soon，
the 　13　 of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience.
　　One day， I 　14　 to meet an Englishman on the road， and soon
we began to talk.As I was talking about how I was studying English，
the 　15　 seemed to be surprised.Gently shaking his 　16　，shrugging
（聳） his shoulders， he said， “You don’t say！” I was 　17　.I
thought perhaps this was not a proper 　18　.I had better change it. So I said to him， “Have you ever been to the Great Wall？” “Certainly！
It was amazing.Everyone back home will 　19　 me if I leave China
without seeing it.” I continued， “The Great Wall is one of the 　20　
in the world.We are very proud of it.” But soon， “You don’t say！” came to my ears again.I couldn’t 　21　 asking， “Why do you ask me not to talk about it？” “Well， I didn’t ask you to do so，” he answered， 　22　 surprised.I said， “Didn’t you say ‘You don’t say！’？” 　23　 this， the Englishman laughed to tears.He began to 　24　， “‘You don’t say！’ actually means ‘Really’！ It is a（n） 　25　 of surprise.Perhaps you don’t pay attention to English idioms.” Only then did I know I had made a 　26　 of myself.Since then I have been more 　27　 with idiomatic expressions.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是作者在一次與外國友
人的交流中，沒有注意到習語的重要性，出了洋相。由此作者注意
到在學習英語的過程中，應該注重英語習語的表達。
13. A. effect B. difference
C. importance D. source
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是作者在一次與外國友
人的交流中，沒有注意到習語的重要性，出了洋相。由此作者注意
到在學習英語的過程中，應該注重英語習語的表達。
解析：　根據上文But soon可知，上下文之間是轉折關系，說明
作者之前不重視英語習語，但后來開始重視，認識到它的重要
性。effect作用；difference區別；importance重要性；source來源。
14. A. used B. expected
C. happened D. refused
解析：　根據下文an Englishman on the road可推知，作者之前不
認識這個英國人，他們只是碰巧遇到。use使用；expect期待；
happen碰巧；refuse拒絕。
15. A. foreigner B. teacher
C. student D. partner
解析：　根據上文One day， I 　14　 to meet an Englishman on
the road可知，作者是與外國人交談，故外國人感覺很驚訝。
foreigner外國人；teacher教師；student學生；partner伙伴。
16. A. hand B. arm C. head D. body
解析：　根據上文be surprised可知，外國人感到驚訝，搖頭表示
不贊同作者的做法。hand手；arm胳膊；head頭；body身體。
17. A. worried B. uneasy
C. curious D. confused
解析：　根據下文I couldn’t 　21　 asking， “Why do you ask
me not to talk about it？”可知，作者不理解You don’t say！的意
思，感覺到很困惑。worried擔心的；uneasy不舒服的；curious好
奇的；confused困惑的。
18. A. style B. topic C. opinion D. task
解析：　根據下文I had better change it.可知，作者認為自己選
擇的談話話題不合適，決定換一個。style風格；topic話題；
opinion觀點；task任務。
19. A. laugh at B. ran after
C. rely on D. refer to
解析：　根據上文It was amazing.可知，如果外國人來中國沒去
長城，則會被家里人笑話。laugh at嘲笑；run after追逐；rely on依
靠；refer to提及。
20. A. works B. wonders
C. choices D. examples
解析：　結合常識可知，長城是世界上的奇跡之一。work作
品；wonder奇跡；choice選擇；example例子。
21. A. help B. admit C. regret D. allow
解析：　作者對于外國友人一直說You don’t say！故忍不住問
原因；couldn’t help doing sth禁不住做某事。 help幫助；admit承
認；regret懊悔；allow允許。
22. A. naturally B. purposely
C. hardly D. greatly
解析：　根據上文可知，作者問外國人為什么不讓自己談論
這個話題，外國人非常驚訝地回答他沒有不讓作者說這個話
題。naturally自然地；purposely故意地；hardly幾乎不；
greatly極大地。
23. A. Finding B. Feeling
C. Hearing D. Noticing
解析：　根據下文the Englishman laughed to tears可知，英國人聽
了作者的回答，然后笑哭了。find找到；feel感覺；hear聽到；
notice注意到。
24. A. request B. explain
C. complain D. determine
解析：　根據下文“You don’t say！” actually means
“Really”！ It is a（n） 　25　 of surprise.可知，英國人給作者
解釋了什么是You don’t say！request要求；explain解釋；
complain抱怨；determine決定。
25. A. problem B. expression
C. goal D. recognition
解析：　根據上一句的解釋可知，You don’t say！是英語
的習語表達。problem問題；expression表達；goal目標；
recognition承認。
26. A. sense B. sign C. mess D. fool
解析：　根據上文可知，作者不知道這個英語習語的真正含
義，出了洋相。make fool of oneself出洋相；出丑。sense感覺；
sign標記；mess臟，亂；fool愚蠢。
27. A. satisfied B. annoyed
C. anxious D. careful
解析：　作者在知道自己出了洋相后，會對英語習語的使用更
加小心。satisfied感到滿意的；annoyed惱怒的；anxious焦急的；
careful小心的。
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　You know how disappointed it can be if you are not able to
communicate with the 　28　 （native） when you’re traveling， and
you might think learning a new language is a tough task.
　　But fear not！ We figured out 　29　 （exact） how many words
you need to learn to speak a language well.A group of linguists （語言學
家） have created a test 　30　 （see） how many words you know in
English.There are 200，000＋words in the English language， but the
test only 　31　 （include） 50 of them.You may not understand all of
the 50 words.The linguists believe that if you multiply （乘） 　32　
number of words out of 50 that you understand by 500， you’ll almost
know your English vocabulary.
A professor has found that native speakers of a language know 15，
000 to 20，000 lemmas （詞目）.A lemma 　33　 （make） up of a
root word （say： walk） and all of 　34　 （it） inflections （屈折變
化） （walked， walking， walker， etc.）.But if you learn a new
language， you can never understand 15，000 lemmas.
　　He discourages people from learning all of the words in a
language.There are 800 to 1，000 lemmas 　35　 are used most
frequently in the language.He advises people to focus 　36　 these
lemmas.With these lemmas， people can understand 75% of the
language.And they will be 　37　 （confidence） enough to start a
conversation， order at a restaurant， and deal with other daily
communication.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了學習一門語言的方法和
技巧。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了學習一門語言的方法和
技巧。
28. natives　考查名詞復數。空處作賓語應用名詞，此處表示復數意
義，應用其復數形式。故填natives。
29. exactly　考查詞形轉換。分析句子結構可知，空處作狀語，修飾
動詞短語figured out，應用副詞。故填exactly。
30. to see　考查非謂語動詞。句中have created為謂語，空處作目的狀
語，應用動詞不定式。故填to see。
31. includes　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。空處是謂語動詞，根據前
半句的are可知，此處使用一般現在時。主語the test為第三人稱單數，
謂語動詞也應該使用第三人稱單數。故填includes。
32. the　考查冠詞。the number of為固定搭配，意為“……的數
量”。故填the。
33. is made　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據語境可知，句子表述
客觀事實：一個詞目由一個詞根和它所有的屈折形式組成，故使用一
般現在時，主語A lemma為第三人稱單數，謂語也應用單數形式。故
填is made。
34. its　考查代詞。空處修飾名詞inflections，應用形容詞性物主代詞
作定語，故填its。
35. which/that　考查定語從句。空處引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行
詞lemmas，指物，關系詞在從句中作主語，故填which/that。
36. on/upon　考查介詞。focus on/upon為固定短語，意為“集中注意
力于……”。故填on/upon。
37. confident　考查詞形轉換。分析句子結構可知，空處作表語，應
用形容詞。故填confident。
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