資源簡介

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.What amazed us most was the natural landscape of the rainforest and the 　　　　　　（獨特的） local culture.
2.He set two 　　　　　　（鬧鐘） clocks in case he got up late.
3.Lisa Iannucci’s book was finally published under the 　　　　　　（題目） of “My Favourite Star” and it soon became popular with readers of all ages.
4.He wanted a car that would 　　　　　　（反映） his status as a bank manager.
5.The students began to feel 　　　　　　（想家的） after they had been here for a month.
6.To make a sandwich， you should put a slice of 　　　　　（火腿） between two slices of bread.
7.The names of political parties are always c　　　　　　， for example， the Green Party.
8.There are few v　　　　　　 signs of the illness that kept her in hospital for so long.
維度二：詞形轉換
1.The job is so boring.I wish I could do something more 　　　　　　（creativity）.
2.He used many terms in his speech which sounded 　　　　　　（confuse） to the audience.
3.The mountains are 　　　　　　（visible） because of the clouds.
4.Children watch what others do carefully and imitate the 　　　　　　（behave） of those closest to them.
5.He had the 　　　　　　（oppose） view and felt that the war was immoral.
6.On 　　　　　　（reflect），I agree with your plan of doing part-time jobs in the summer vacation.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.If we all agree， let’s 　　　　　　　　（使結束） the discussion.
2.　　　　　　　　 （說起） all the songs he has written， I think this is probably his best-known one.
3.He’s a French， so he can 　　　　　　speak 　　　　　（既不……也不……） write Chinese.
4.When looking for a job， you’re often asked to 　　　　　　　　　　（填寫） a form at first.
5.He lost the game and 　　　　　　　　　　　（那就是為什么……） he didn’t come to attend the celebration party.
6.She 　　　　　　　　　　　（向外看） the window， sighing for her lost youth.
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Have you ever asked 1.　　　　　　 （you） why people often have trouble 2.　　　　　　 （learn） English？ I hadn’t， until one day my five-year-old son asked me 3.　　　　　　 there was ham in a hamburger.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language 4.　　　　　　　 （learn）.
Even the smallest words can be 5.　　　　　 （confuse）.You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 6.　　　　　　 a house can burn up as it burns down， and in which an alarm 7.　　　　　　　　 （hear） once it goes off！
English 8.　　　　　　　　 （invent） by people， not computers， and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why when the stars are out， they are visible， but when the 9.　　　　　 （light） are out， they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch， it starts， 10.　　　　　　　 when I wind up this passage， it ends.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　You can study the English language for years and still not understand a native speaker of English when you meet one.Many language learners know that native speakers say a lot of things that you can’t find in a dictionary.Well， here’s a secret for you： A lot of British people can’t understand each other either！
　　Across the UK， a number of regions have different dialects — that is， they have their own unique vocabulary and grammatical phrases.There are many different accents in London， because it is not just where a person is born in the UK that decides their accent.Language and accents also vary across social class and level of education.Hence the recent rise of a new accent coined at the end of the 20th century — “Multicultural London English”.
　　Other factors are also important in the invention of new accents and ways of speaking.These include the influence of people from different ethnic backgrounds and different age groups， too.
　　“Yoof culture” is an example.The word “yoof” is a slang spelling of “youth”.Young people are creating their own language， concepts and identity.By using words that their parents don’t understand， children can talk about things that their parents might not approve of.For example， instead of saying something like “That’s good！” or “I understand”， yoof will use a single adjective like “Safe！”， or “Sorted！” Besides， Yoof would use “kind-a-thing”， or “sort-a-thing” to replace “if you understand what I’m saying”.In this way， they are starting to find freedom， independence and self-expression.
　　As learners of English， we may wonder how well we can talk to a native speaker， but perhaps we should worry less about this.Research commissioned by the British Council shows that 94 per cent of the English spoken in the world today is spoken among non-native speakers of the language.In fact， when we think about “international English”， there is no such thing as a native or non-native speaker.The UK no longer owns the English language.
1.What’s the function of Paragraph 1？
A.To share a story. B.To make a comparision.
C.To show the author’s experience. D.To introduce the topic.
2.What can we know about “Multicultural London English”？
A.It’s now spoken by people around the world.
B.It was invented by Londoners in the 1900s.
C.It’s a modern accent that crosses educational divides.
D.It’s a dialect specific to a particular social class.
3.What does “Sorted！” mean in “yoof culture”？
A.Watch out. B.I see.
C.My pleasure. D.Hurry up.
4.What does the author want to tell us？
A.Don’t worry if you cannot understand native speakers.
B.Learning English well is very easy.
C.Languages are always changing.
D.It is important to communicate with a native speaker.
B
　　It is often said that if we dream in a foreign language， it’s a sign that we are making progress in learning that language.But is it true？
　　Before we can look at multilingual （多語言的） dreams， first we need to look at sleep.The link between sleep and language can be applied to how we learn any language， including our mother tongue.Even adults still learn about one new word every two days in their first language， but， if we are going to have a firm grasp of that new word， we need to link it to our existing knowledge.“In order to do that， we need to have some sleep，” says Gareth Gaskell， a psychology professor at the University of York.
　　It’s during sleep that the integration of old and new knowledge happens.At night， one part of our brain — the hippocampus — takes whatever new information it got in the day， and passes it on to other parts of the brain to be stored.The role that dreams play in this night-time learning process is still being studied， but it’s entirely possible that during multilingual dreams， the brain is trying to connect two languages， according to Marc Zuist， researcher at the University Hospital of Psychiatry in Switzerland.
　　So having multilingual dreams could mean that our brain is trying to master a new word or phrase， but it could also have an emotional significance.Danuta Barker， a professor of psycholinguistics （心理語言學） at the University of Silesia in Poland， suggests that multilingual dreams can express fears and desires around learning a foreign language， including the wish to be a native-like speaker or to be accepted within a certain community.
　　We clearly still have a lot to learn about multilingual dreams， but one thing seems certain： if you’re trying to learn a new language， you should definitely sleep on it.
5.Which of the following does Gareth agree with？
A.Adults are better at learning.
B.We can learn words while sleeping.
C.Our existing knowledge is from dreams.
D.Multilingual dreams have nothing to do with progress.
6.What does the underlined word “integration” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Method. B.Form.
C.Combination. D.Reflection.
7.What does Danuta Barker study？
A.Emotion and dreams.
B.Languages and communities.
C.Universities and courses.
D.Words and expressions.
8.What’s the main idea of the passage？
A.Why we learn a foreign language in the dream.
B.Learning languages is completely from sleeping.
C.Sleeping plays an important part in the development of brains.
D.How multilingual dreams are connected to language learning.
C
　　Speaking two languages deeply affects the brain and changes how the nervous system reacts to sound， and researches have shown that learning a foreign language can strengthen brain power， but a new study suggests that the effects go further to those who begin in middle childhood.
　　It indicates that people who began learning a foreign language at 10 and were always exposed to the language， meaning they heard and used it in daily life， had improvements in the structure of the brain’s white matter compared with people who grew up speaking only one language and did not learn a foreign language.
　　These “higher levels of structural integrity （完整性）” were in areas responsible for language learning and semantic （語義的） processing， which occurs when the meaning of a word is encoded and related to similar words with similar meaning.
　　The new findings， published in the National Academy of Sciences on Monday， studied brain scans from 200 subjects （接受實驗者）， all around the age of 30， who lived in Britain for at least 13 months.They all started learning English as a foreign language at the age of 10.
　　Their imaging scans were compared with people of similar age who spoke only English.The study was led by Christos of the University of Kent School of Psychology in Britain.
　　“Everyday dealing with more than one language benefits specific language-related brain structures by preserving their integrity， and therefore it protects them against deterioration in older age，” the study found.
9.Who may have stronger brain power according to the text？
A.A person who learns English as a foreign language.
B.A person who speaks English as a mother language.
C.A person who can speak English well at an early age.
D.A person who hears and uses English in everyday life.
10.What can we know from 200 subjects’ brain scans？
A.The 200 subjects lived in Britain to learn English.
B.The 200 subjects studied English at the age of 30.
C.The structure of their brains’ white matter improved.
D.The structure of their brains’ white matter disappeared.
11.What does the underlined word “deterioration” in the last paragraph mean？
A.Evolving. B.Reaction.
C.Worsening. D.Formation.
12.What’s the text mainly about？
A.Speaking two languages affects the brain seriously.
B.Speaking two languages changes how the brain works.
C.Learning a foreign language can affect people’s childhood.
D.Learning a foreign language at 10 strengthens brain power.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　At China Daily Learning English， we sometimes get questions like this： “How can I speak English with more confidence？” 　13　.No matter what language we are learning， we would all love to speak more confidently.So today， we have three pieces of advice to help you gain confidence in your English-speaking ability.
　　Use positive self-talk
　　Believe it or not， the most important person you talk to every day is yourself.In other words， it is your thoughts that really matter.So our first piece of advice is to use positive self-talk.
　　If you lack confidence as an English speaker， you may tell yourself things like， “　14　.” When you talk to other people， you may say things like， “I’m so sorry for my English.” But if you keep thinking and saying such things， you are sure to start believing them.
　　So the next time you are using your English， pay attention to what you tell yourself or others.　15　.　　
　　Don’t worry too much
　　One of the biggest barriers to confidence in speaking a second language is the constant worry about making mistakes.Understand that making mistakes is a natural part of the language learning process.Yes， you will make mistakes.　16　. And many English learners communicate very well， even with mistakes.Mistakes can be a good thing.The more mistakes you make， the more progress you will make.
　　　17　
　　If your English-speaking skills are at the beginner or intermediate （中級的） level and you try to do something too difficult， you may fail.This can harm your confidence.But， if you do something that matches your level， you are more likely to do it well.
A.Set realistic goals
B.Build your confidence
C.That is a great question
D.English is too hard and I will never improve
E.It is important to practice speaking English every day
F.But the purpose of speaking a language is to communicate　
G.Be sure to replace unhelpful thoughts or ideas with better ones
13.　　　　　　 14.　　　　　　 15.　　　　
16.　　　 17.　　　
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.unique　2.alarm　3.title　4.reflect　5.homesick　6.ham
7.capitalized　8.visible
維度二
1.creative　2.confusing　3.invisible　4.behavior
5.opposing/opposite　6.reflection
維度三
1.wind up　2.Speaking of　3.neither； nor　4.fill in/out　5.that was why　6.looked out of
維度四
1.yourself　2.learning　3.whether　4.to learn 5.confusing　6.which　7.is heard　8.was invented 9.lights　10.but
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了許多人聽不懂母語人士說的英語，并分析了其原因。
1.D　推理判斷題。根據第一段內容可知，你可能學英語很多年了，當你遇到一個以英語為母語的人時你仍會聽不明白。下文說明了母語人士講的英語聽不懂的原因。由此可推斷，本段的作用是引入文章的話題。
2.C　細節理解題。根據第二段中的Language and accents also vary across social class and level of education.Hence the recent rise of a new accent ... “Multicultural London English”.可知，“多元文化的倫敦英語” 是一種跨越教育鴻溝的現代口音。
3.B　細節理解題。根據第四段中的For example， instead of saying something like “That’s good！” or “I understand”， yoof will use a single adjective like “Safe！”， or “Sorted！”可知，“Sorted！”在“yoof（年輕人）文化”中是“我明白”的意思。
4.A　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的As learners of English， we may wonder how well we can talk to a native speaker， but perhaps we should worry less about this.可知，作者想告訴我們如果聽不懂母語人士的話，不要擔心。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了睡眠和語言之間的聯系可以應用于如何學習任何語言，包括我們的母語。多語夢境中，大腦試圖將兩種語言聯系起來，這有助于學習一門新的語言。
5.B　推理判斷題。根據第二段最后兩句可推知，加雷思可能同意的觀點是我們可以在睡覺的時候學習單詞。
6.C　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文可知，此處為正是在睡眠期間，新舊知識的整合發生了。由此可知，畫線單詞integration為“整合”的意思，與C項Combination意思一致。
7.A　推理判斷題。根據第四段第二句可推知，努塔·巴克研究情感和夢的關系。
8.D　主旨大意題。全篇文章在介紹夢和語言的聯系，研究者也進行了分析。由此可知，這篇文章的主旨是多語言夢境是如何與語言學習聯系在一起的。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了10歲時學習一門外語可以增強腦力。
9.A　細節理解題。根據第一段中的researches have shown that learning a foreign language can strengthen brain power可知，把英語作為外語來學習的人腦力更強。
10.C　細節理解題。根據第二段和第四段內容可知，我們能從200名受試者的腦部掃描中了解到這200名受試者的大腦白質結構得到改善。
11.C　詞義猜測題。根據最后一段中的Everyday dealing with more than one language benefits specific language-related brain structures by preserving their integrity可知，這些大腦結構在老年時會得到保護從而不會惡化。因此畫線詞意為“惡化”。
12.D　主旨大意題。文章第一段指出一項新研究發現學習一門外語能增強腦力。根據第三段最后一句可知，該項研究的對象都是在10歲時開始學外語。由此可知，文章主要講述了10歲學一門外語可以增強腦力。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了如何才能自信地說英語的幾種方法。
13.C　上文提出怎樣才能更自信地說英語這個問題。C項（這是一個好問題）承接上文，強調這個問題的重要性。
14.D　根據上文If you lack confidence as an English speaker， you may tell yourself things like推測，空處可能列舉你對自己所說的話，D項（英語太難了，我永遠也進步不了）承接上文，這正是我們不自信時對自己說的話。
15.G　上文提到要注意對自己或別人說的話。G項（一定要用更好的想法來代替無益的想法）承接上文，符合語境。
16.F　上文說明犯錯誤是語言學習過程中自然的事情。下文指出即使有錯也能很好地交流。由此可知，F項（但是說一門語言的目的是交流）承上啟下，符合語境。
17.A　設空處為段落小標題。下文說明目標設置不合理會損害自信。由此可知，該部分的建議是設置合理的目標。A項（設定切合實際的目標）能概括本段內容，為最佳小標題。
4 / 5Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning① English？[1]I hadn’t， until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham② in a hamburger.There isn’t.This made me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant③ either.[2]Neither is there pine④ nor apple in pineapple⑤.[3]This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.
　　[1]I hadn’t是I hadn’t ever asked myself的省略形式，until引導時間狀語從句。在該時間狀語從句中，whether引導賓語從句，在此意為“是否”。
[2]neither ...nor ...是并列連詞，意為“既不……，也不……”；此處否定詞Neither 位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。
[3]句中how引導的從句作thinking的賓語。got me thinking是“get＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構，此處用現在分詞thinking作賓語補足語。
For example， in our free time we can sculpt⑥ a sculpture and paint a painting， but we take a photo.And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi， but on the train or bus！[4]While we’re doing all this traveling， we can get seasick⑦at sea， airsick in the air and carsick in a car， but we don’t get homesick when we get back home.And speaking of⑧ home， why aren’t homework and housework the same thing？
　　[4]本句為并列連詞but連接的并列句。第一個分句中，While引導時間狀語從句；第二個分句中，when引導時間狀語從句。
If “hard” is the opposite⑨ of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？ If harmless⑩ actions are the opposite of harmful actions， why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？
When we look out of the window and see rain or snow， we can say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.But when we see sunshine， we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
Even the smallest words can be confusing .[5]When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report， do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that？” What about “IT” and “US”？
　　[5]When引導時間狀語從句。capitalized為分詞化形容詞，在從句中作定語，修飾WHO。
【讀文清障】
①have trouble （in） doing sth做某事有困難/費力
②ham n.火腿
③eggplant n.茄子
④pine n.松樹
⑤pineapple n.菠蘿
⑥sculpt v.雕刻，雕塑
sculpture n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
⑦seasick adj.暈船的
airsick adj.暈機的
carsick adj.暈車的
homesick adj.想家的
⑧speaking of ...
講起……，說到……
⑨opposite n.反義詞；相反的人（或物）
adj.相反的；對面的
opposing adj. （觀點、意見等）相反的，相對立的
oppose vt.反對，抵制
⑩harmless adj.無害的，不會導致損害的
harmful adj.有害的，導致損害的
harm v.傷害，損害
shameless adj.無恥的，不知羞恥的
shameful adj.可恥的，丟臉的
behavior n.舉止，行為
confusing adj.令人困惑的
capitalized adj.大寫的
　　[6]You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down， in which you fill in a form by filling it out， and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off！
　　[6]三個in which都引導定語從句，修飾先行詞language。在第一個定語從句中，as引導時間狀語從句；第三個定語從句中，once引導條件狀語從句。
English was invented by people， not computers， and it reflects the creativity of the human race .[7]That is why when the stars are out， they are visible ， but when the lights are out， they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts， but when I wind up this passage， it ends.
　　[7]That is why ...為固定句型，意為“那就是為什么……”。此句型中why引導表語從句，when引導時間狀語從句。
wonder v.感到詫異，非常想知道 n.驚訝；奇跡
wonder at對……感到詫異
（it’s） no wonder that ...……不足為奇/并不奇怪
unique adj.獨一無二的，獨特的
madness n.瘋狂；愚蠢行為
burn up燒毀，燒盡
burn down燒毀
fill in填寫（表格等）
fill out填寫（表格等）
alarm n.警報器；鬧鐘
reflect v.顯示，反映
creativity n.創造性，創造力
human race 人類
visible adj.看得見的，可見的
invisible adj.看不見的
wind up給（機械）上發條；使（活動、會議等）結束
【參考譯文】
菠蘿≠松樹＋蘋果
你有沒有問過自己，為什么人們常常覺得學英語很困難？我以前從未想過這個問題，直到有一天，我5歲的兒子問我 hamburger （漢堡包）里面有沒有ham （火腿）。答案是沒有。這讓我意識到， eggplant （茄子）里面也沒有egg （雞蛋），而 pineapple （菠蘿）里既沒有pine （松樹），也沒有 apple （蘋果）。這讓我陷入思考：對于學習者而言，英語到底可以有多瘋狂呢？
例如，閑暇時我們可以雕一座雕像 （sculpt a sculpture）、畫一幅畫 （paint a painting），但只能拍一張照片 （take a photo）。旅行時，我們坐汽車或出租車時是說坐在里面 （in），坐火車或公共汽車時卻要說坐在上面 （on）！同樣，我們會在海上暈船 （seasick at sea）、在飛機里暈機 （airsick in the air）、在車里暈車 （carsick in a car），但回到家里我們卻不會“暈家” （homesick，實際意義為“想家的”）。說到家，為什么homework （家庭作業）和 housework （家務）（這兩個英語單詞看起來很像意思卻）不是一回事呢？
如果說hard （硬）是soft （軟）的反義詞，為什么 hardly （幾乎不）和 softly （柔和地）卻不是一對反義詞？如果說 harmless actions （無害行為）和 harmful actions （有害行為）意思相反，為什么 shameless behaviors （無恥行為）和shameful behaviors （可恥行為）反而是一回事？
當我們望向窗外，看到雨 （rain）或雪 （snow）時，我們可以說正在下雨 （it’s raining）或正在下雪 （it’s snowing）。可我們看見陽光 （sunshine）的時候卻不能說正在下陽光 （it’s sunshining）。
就算是最短小的單詞都讓人費解。如果你在醫學報告中看到大寫的WHO，你會把它讀成Who’s that？中的who嗎？那么IT和US又該怎么讀呢？
英語這門語言獨有的瘋狂令你不得不感到驚奇。在英語里，房子燒成灰燼的時候，可以說burn up （字面意思為“燒上去”），也可以說 burn down （字面意思為“燒下去”）；填表的時候，你可以 fill in a form （字面意思為“填入表里”）也可以 fill out a form （字面意思為“填到表外”）； 而且只有鬧鐘走了（go off 字面意思為“離開”）以后你才能聽到鈴聲！
英語是人創造的，不是計算機發明的，它反映了人類的創造力。那就是為什么 stars are out （星星出來了）的時候我們能看到星星，而 lights are out （燈滅了）的時候我們卻看不到燈光。那也是當我 wind up my watch （給手表上緊發條）以后表針開始走，而我 wind up this passage （將本文收尾）后這篇文章結束的原因。
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
1.The first paragraph is intended to 　　　　.
A.introduce English is interesting and creative
B.tell us English is difficult to learn
C.direct our attention to the word formation
D.lead to the topic of discussion
2.What’s the purpose of all the examples given in the passage？
A.To reflect the creativity of the human race.
B.To prove the difficulty of learning English.
C.To explain how to learn English.
D.To introduce the history of English.
3.How does the author develop the passage？
A.By providing examples. B.By making comparisons.
C.By following the way of spelling. D.By following the order of importance.
4.Why does the author say “English was invented by people”？
A.Because the English words show everything around us.
B.Because the language helps us communicate with others.
C.Because the language proves how creative human being is.
D.Because the English words are unique in the world.
5.What do we know from the last paragraph？
A.Words always have the same meanings.
B.Words can’t always describe what we feel.
C.Words sometimes confuse us.
D.Words can mean differently in different situations.
第三步：拓思維品質提升
1.Why do people often have trouble learning English？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.While coming across confusing words and phrases， what do you often do？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：品語言妙筆生輝
Read the passage carefully and find the parallel sentences in the passage.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：析難句表達升級
1.I hadn’t， until one day my five-year-old son asked me
whether there was ham in a hamburger.
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns
down， in which you fill in a form by filling it out，
and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off！
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.　　　　　　
That is why when the stars are out， they are visible，
but when the lights are out， they are invisible.
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
opposing adj. （觀點、意見等）相反的，相對立的
【教材原句】　If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？
如果說hard （硬）是soft （軟）的反義詞，為什么hardly （幾乎不）和softly （柔和地）卻不是一對反義詞？
【用法】
（1）opposite adj. 相反的，完全不同的；對面的
prep. 在……的對面
adv. 在對面
n. 反義詞；相反的人（或物）
be opposite to 與……相反，在……對面
（2）oppose v. 反對，抵制
oppose （doing） sth 反對（做）某事
（3）opposed adj. 強烈反對的；（意見、看法等）截然不同的；對抗的
be opposed to sth 　　反對某事
【佳句】　Throughout the negotiations Tom and Jack took opposing views.
整個談判過程中，湯姆和杰克持的觀點是對立的。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①John and Jevons took 　　　　　　（oppose） views at today’s meeting.
②All the people in the country oppose 　　　　　　（give） military aid to that country.
③It was obvious that I was going to be late， as I had mistakenly got on a bus that was taking me in the 　　　　　　（oppose） direction.
④The result was opposite 　　　　　　what we had expected， leaving us disappointed.
【寫美】　補全句子
⑤Opinions are divided on the question.60% of the students 　　　　　　　　　　　　　of charging entrance fees.
在這個問題上意見有分歧，60%的學生反對收入場費的觀點。
behavior n. 舉止，行為
【教材原句】　If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions， why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？
如果說harmless actions （無害行為）和harmful actions （有害行為）意思相反，為什么shameless behaviors （無恥行為）和shameful behaviors （可恥行為）反而是一回事？
【用法】
（1）good/bad behavior 良好/不良行為
（2）behave v. 舉動；（舉止或行為）表現
behave well/badly to/towards sb 對待某人好/不好
behave oneself 守規矩，表現得體
【佳句】　The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behavior in front of other classmates.
這個孩子在課堂上表現得很好，老師在其他同學面前表揚了他的良好行為。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①This is a family where bad 　　　　　　（behave） will be punished.
②The shop assistants behave very well 　　　　　　　　customers.
③Behave 　　　　　　（you） and you will win the respect of most people present at the evening party.
【寫美】　補全句子
④It is necessary to reward children 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
對孩子們的良好行為給予獎勵是有必要的。
confusing adj.令人困惑的
【教材原句】　Even the smallest words can be confusing.
就算是最短小的單詞都讓人費解。
【用法】
（1）confuse vt.　　　　　使糊涂；使迷惑
confuse A with/and B 把A與B混淆
be/get confused by/about ... 對……感到困惑
（2）confused adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的
confusion n. 混亂；困惑
【佳句】　The film is so confusing that I can’t understand it.
這部電影如此令人困惑以至于我看不懂。
【點津】　-ing形式的形容詞表示“事物”的性質和特征，意為“令人……的”；-ed形式的形容詞往往表示“人”所處的狀態，意為“感到……的”。修飾face， look， expression， voice等時，常用-ed形式的形容詞。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①His answer to the question is 　　　　　　（confuse）.
②They are so alike that I often confuse Mary 　　　　　　Jane.
③I would often get 　　　　　　（confuse） when I came across new words.
④He looked at me 　　　　　　confusion and didn’t say a word.
【寫美】　補全句子
⑤Learning that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I am writing to inform you of some details.
了解到你對中國習俗感到困惑，我寫信告訴你一些細節。
burn up 燒毀，燒盡；燒完；消耗（能量）；火燒旺
【教材原句】　You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down ...
英語這門語言獨有的瘋狂令你不得不感到驚奇。在英語里，房子燒成灰燼的時候，可以說burn up（字面意思為“燒上去”），也可以說 burn down（字面意思為“燒下去”）……
【用法】
burn down　　　　　　 燒毀；火勢減弱
burn to the ground 全部燒毀
burn out 燒壞；燃盡；筋疲力盡，耗盡體力
burn away （使）燒掉，燒光
burn oneself out 耗盡體力；累垮
【佳句】　Aerobic exercise gets the heart pumping and helps you to burn up more fat.
有氧運動加速心臟跳動，有助于消耗更多脂肪。
【練透】　寫出下列句中burn up的含義
①Brisk walking burns up more calories than slow jogging. 　　　　　
②Mum added more wood to the fire to make it burn up and the room became warm gradually.　　　　　
【寫美】　補全句子
③When the firemen came， the fire had 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
當消防員來到的時候，火已快滅了。
alarm n.警報器，鬧鐘；驚恐 vt.使驚恐；使害怕
【教材原句】　... and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off！
……而且只有鬧鐘走了（go off 字面意思為“離開”）以后你才能聽到鈴聲！
【用法】
（1）in alarm 　　　　　　驚恐地；驚慌地（常作方式狀語）
raise/sound the alarm 發出警報；引起警覺
（2）alarmed adj. 擔心的；害怕的
be/feel alarmed by/at sth 因某事而擔心/害怕
be alarmed to do sth 擔心/害怕做某事
【佳句】　I knocked on all the doors to raise/sound the alarm.
我敲了所有的門讓大家警覺。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①“What’s up？” he asked 　　　　　alarm.
②Everyone is alarmed 　　　　　　the news that a sandstorm is on the way.
【寫美】　一句多譯
③發現她受傷了，他們很害怕。
→They 　　　　　　　　　　　her wound.
→They 　　　　　　　　　　　　she was wounded.
reflect v.顯示，反映；反射（聲音或者光）；思考
【教材原句】　English was invented by people， not computers， and it reflects the creativity of the human race.
英語是人創造的，而不是計算機發明的，它反映了人類的創造力。
【用法】
（1）reflect sb/sth （in sth） （在……中）映出某人/某物的影像
reflect on/upon 認真思考；沉思
（2）reflection n. 映像；反射
on/upon reflection 經再三思考
【助記】　The boy reflected on why the ground could reflect sunlight and water could reflect the mountains.
這個男孩認真思考了為什么地面能反射陽光，水能映出群山。
【練透】　寫出下列句中reflect的含義
①The manager needed time to reflect on what to do. 　　　　　
②The new windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight. 　　　　　
【寫美】　補全句子
③At first I thought it was a bad idea，but 　　　　　　　　　　　I realized she was right.
最初我認為那是個壞主意，但經再三思考，我認識到她是對的。
wind up 給（機械）上發條；使（活動、會議等）結束；搖動（把手等）
【教材原句】　And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts， but when I wind up this passage， it ends.
那也是當我 wind up my watch （給手表上緊發條）以后表針開始走，而我 wind up this passage （將本文收尾）后這篇文章結束的原因。
【用法】
wind one’s way 　　蜿蜒前進
wind down　　把（汽車窗玻璃等）搖下；使（業務、活動等）逐步結束
wind forward/back 向前/后倒（磁帶、膠卷等）
【佳句】　After he got into the car，he fastened the seat belt， wound the window up and started the engine.上了車以后，他系上安全帶，搖上車窗，啟動了發動機。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①She wound the car window 　　　　　　to speak to a traffic police.
②The Great Wall winds 　　　　　　way across north China like a huge dragon.
【寫美】　補全句子
③Just when we 　　　　　　　　　　　　， the doorbell rang.
我們剛結束游戲，門鈴就響了。
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：have trouble （in） doing sth
【教材原句】　Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English？
你有沒有問過自己，為什么人們常常覺得學英語很困難？
【用法】
句中have trouble doing sth意為“做某事有困難/費力”，且doing 前面省略了in；其中trouble 為不可數名詞，前面可用some， any， no， little等詞來修飾。其他表示“做某事有困難”的常見結構：
（1）have trouble/difficulty/problems （in） doing sth做某事有困難/麻煩
（2）have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth 在某方面有困難/麻煩
【點津】　在使用have trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth時，trouble/difficulty往往提前作為主句中的先行詞，定語從句中謂語變為have doing形式。
【寫美】　微寫作
①從你上一封郵件中得知你在與同學相處方面有困難，我感到很遺憾。（建議信）
I’m sorry to know from your last email that you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　your classmates.
②無論何時我們在學習上遇到困難，李老師總是耐心地幫助我們。（人物介紹）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， Mr Li always helps us patiently.
③你無法想象我們在尋找那個人時遇到了多大的困難。（告知信）
You can’t imagine what great difficulty 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　.
句型公式：neither ...nor ...連接并列成分
【教材原句】　 Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
pineapple （菠蘿）里既沒有 pine（松樹），也沒有apple （蘋果）。
【用法】
句中neither ...nor ...意為“既不……也不……”，可連接任意兩個并列的成分。
（1）neither ...nor ...連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的數應和鄰近的主語一致，遵循“就近一致”原則。
（2）neither位于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝，即將系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞提至主語前。
（3）表示“一個人沒有做某事，另一個人也沒做同一類事”時，可用neither或nor引起的部分倒裝句進行簡略回答，其結構為：Neither/Nor＋助動詞/情態動詞/be動詞＋主語。
【品悟】　Neither has he done it， nor will he do it.
他沒有做過，將來也不會做。
【寫美】　微寫作/句式升級
①昆明是一個美麗的城市，一年四季都既不太熱也不太冷。（投稿）
Kunming is a beautiful city， where it’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　all year around.
②彼得不想買那輛車，他的妻子也不想。
Neither did Peter want to buy that car， 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③父母和他們的兒子都對此結果不滿意。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 satisfied with the result.
④He neither likes nor has tried this kind of food.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 this kind of food. （倒裝句）
句型公式：That is why ...
【教材原句】　That is why when the stars are out， they are visible， but when the lights are out， they are invisible.那就是為什么 stars are out （星星出來了）的時候我們能看到星星，而 lights are out（燈滅了）的時候我們卻看不到燈光。
【用法】
句中That is why ...意為“那就是為什么……”；why引導表語從句；That指代上文提到的事實。
其他相關句型：
（1）This/That is/was why ...這/那就是為什么……（why引導表語從句，表示結果）
（2）This/That is/was because ...這/那是因為……（because引導表語從句，表示原因）
（3）The reason why ...is/was that ...……的原因是……（why引導定語從句并在從句中作狀語；that引導表語從句，表示原因）
【品悟】　It rained heavily.That was why they put off the match.
雨下得很大，那就是為什么他們推遲了比賽。
【寫美】　微寫作
①這就是為什么廣告商利用它來說服我們購買東西。（演講稿）
　　　　　　　　 advertisers use it to persuade us to buy things.
②他沒有被重點大學錄取的原因是他的分數太低。（學校生活）
　　　　　　　 he wasn’t admitted into a key university 　　　　his grades were too low.
③他沒能趕上早班車，那是因為他今天早上起晚了。（日常活動）
He missed the first bus and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.hamburger　2.take　3.homesick　4.opposing　5.reflects
第二步
1－5　DAACD
第三步
1.Because many words have puzzling meanings， which makes it a crazy language to learn.
2.Refer to a dictionary and ask my English teacher.
第四步
（1）And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi， but on the train or bus！ While we’re doing all this traveling， we can get seasick at sea， airsick in the air and carsick in a car， but we don’t get homesick when we get back home.
（2）If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？ If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions， why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？
（3）When we look out of the window and see rain or snow， we can say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.But when we see sunshine，we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
第五步
1.我以前從未想過（這個問題），直到有一天，我5歲的兒子問我hamburger（漢堡包）里面有沒有ham（火腿）。
2.英語這門語言獨有的瘋狂令你不得不感到驚奇。在英語里，房子燒成灰燼的時候，可以說burn up （字面意思為“燒上去”），也可以說 burn down （字面意思為“燒下去”）；填表的時候，你可以 fill in a form （字面意思為“填入表里”），也可以 fill out a form （字面意思為“填到表外”）； 而且只有鬧鐘走了（go off 字面意思為“離開”）以后你才能聽到鈴聲！
3.那就是為什么stars are out（星星出來了）的時候我們能看到星星，而lights are out（燈滅了）的時候我們卻看不到燈光。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①opposing/opposite　②giving　③opposite　④to
⑤are opposed to the idea
2.①behavior　②towards/to　③yourself
④for their good behavior
3.①confusing　②with/and　③confused　④in
⑤you are confused about Chinese customs
4.①消耗（能量） 　②火燒旺　③burnt down
5.①in　②by/at　③were alarmed by/at； were alarmed to find
6.①思考　②反射　③on/upon reflection
7.①down　②its　③wound up the game
重點句型解構
1.①have trouble （in） getting along with
②Whenever we have trouble with our studies
③we have ever had finding the person
2.①neither too hot nor too cold
②nor did his wife
③Neither the parents nor their son was
④Neither does he like nor has he tried
3.①That’s why
②The reason why； was that
③that was because he got up late this morning
11 / 11(共106張PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning
① English？[1]I hadn’t， until one day my five-year-old son asked me
whether there was ham② in a hamburger.There isn’t.This made me
realize that there’s no egg in eggplant③ either.[2]Neither is there pine④
nor apple in pineapple⑤.[3]This got me thinking how English can be a
crazy language to learn.
　　[1]I hadn’t是I hadn’t ever asked myself的省略形式，until引導
時間狀語從句。在該時間狀語從句中，whether引導賓語從句，在此
意為“是否”。
[2]neither ...nor ...是并列連詞，意為“既不……，也
不……”；此處否定詞Neither 位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。
[3]句中how引導的從句作thinking的賓語。got me thinking是
“get＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構，此處用現在分詞thinking作賓語補
足語。
【讀文清障】
①have trouble （in） doing sth做某事有困難/費力
②ham n.火腿
③eggplant n.茄子
④pine n.松樹
⑤pineapple n.菠蘿
For example， in our free time we can sculpt⑥ a sculpture and paint a
painting， but we take a photo.And when we are traveling we say that we
are in the car or the taxi， but on the train or bus！[4]While we’re doing
all this traveling， we can get seasick⑦at sea， airsick in the air and
carsick in a car， but we don’t get homesick when we get back
home.And speaking of⑧ home， why aren’t homework and housework
the same thing？
　　[4]本句為并列連詞but連接的并列句。第一個分句中，While引
導時間狀語從句；第二個分句中，when引導時間狀語從句。
⑥sculpt v.雕刻，雕塑
sculpture n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
⑦seasick adj.暈船的
airsick adj.暈機的
carsick adj.暈車的
homesick adj.想家的
⑧speaking of ...講起……，說到……
If “hard” is the opposite⑨ of “soft”， why are “hardly” and
“softly” not an opposing pair？ If harmless⑩ actions are the opposite of
harmful actions， why are shameless and shameful behaviors the
same？
When we look out of the window and see rain or snow， we can say
“it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.But when we see sunshine， we
can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
Even the smallest words can be confusing .[5]When you see the
capitalized “WHO” in a medical report， do you read it as the
“who” in “Who’s that？” What about “IT” and “US”？
　　[5]When引導時間狀語從句。capitalized為分詞化形容詞，在從
句中作定語，修飾WHO。
⑨opposite n.反義詞；相反的人（或物）
adj.相反的；對面的
opposing adj. （觀點、意見等）相反的，相對立的
oppose vt.反對，抵制
⑩harmless adj.無害的，不會導致損害的
harmful adj.有害的，導致損害的
harm v.傷害，損害
shameless adj.無恥的，不知羞恥的
shameful adj.可恥的，丟臉的
behavior n.舉止，行為
confusing adj.令人困惑的
capitalized adj.大寫的
[6]You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a
language in which a house can burn up as it burns down， in which you
fill in a form by filling it out， and in which an alarm is only heard
once it goes off！
　　[6]三個in which都引導定語從句，修飾先行詞language。在第一
個定語從句中，as引導時間狀語從句；第三個定語從句中，once引導
條件狀語從句。
wonder v.感到詫異，非常想知道 n.驚訝；奇跡
wonder at對……感到詫異
（it’s） no wonder that ...……不足為奇/并不奇怪
unique adj.獨一無二的，獨特的
madness n.瘋狂；愚蠢行為
burn up燒毀，燒盡
burn down燒毀
fill in填寫（表格等）
fill out填寫（表格等）
alarm n.警報器；鬧鐘
English was invented by people， not computers， and it reflects
the creativity of the human race .[7]That is why when the stars are
out， they are visible ， but when the lights are out， they are
invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts， but
when I wind up this passage， it ends.
　　[7]That is why ...為固定句型，意為“那就是為什么……”。
此句型中why引導表語從句，when引導時間狀語從句。
reflect v.顯示，反映
creativity n.創造性，創造力
human race 人類
visible adj.看得見的，可見的
invisible adj.看不見的
wind up給（機械）上發條；使（活動、會議等）結束
【參考譯文】
菠蘿≠松樹＋蘋果
你有沒有問過自己，為什么人們常常覺得學英語很困難？我以前
從未想過這個問題，直到有一天，我5歲的兒子問我 hamburger （漢
堡包）里面有沒有ham （火腿）。答案是沒有。這讓我意識到，
eggplant （茄子）里面也沒有egg （雞蛋），而 pineapple （菠蘿）里
既沒有pine （松樹），也沒有 apple （蘋果）。這讓我陷入思考：對
于學習者而言，英語到底可以有多瘋狂呢？
例如，閑暇時我們可以雕一座雕像 （sculpt a sculpture）、畫一幅
畫 （paint a painting），但只能拍一張照片 （take a photo）。旅行
時，我們坐汽車或出租車時是說坐在里面 （in），坐火車或公共汽車
時卻要說坐在上面 （on）！同樣，我們會在海上暈船 （seasick at
sea）、在飛機里暈機 （airsick in the air）、在車里暈車 （carsick in a
car），但回到家里我們卻不會“暈家” （homesick，實際意義為
“想家的”）。說到家，為什么homework （家庭作業）和 housework
（家務）（這兩個英語單詞看起來很像意思卻）不是一回事呢？
如果說hard （硬）是soft （軟）的反義詞，為什么 hardly （幾乎
不）和 softly （柔和地）卻不是一對反義詞？如果說 harmless actions
（無害行為）和 harmful actions （有害行為）意思相反，為什么
shameless behaviors （無恥行為）和shameful behaviors （可恥行為）
反而是一回事？
當我們望向窗外，看到雨 （rain）或雪 （snow）時，我們可以說
正在下雨 （it’s raining）或正在下雪 （it’s snowing）。可我們看見
陽光 （sunshine）的時候卻不能說正在下陽光 （it’s sunshining）。
就算是最短小的單詞都讓人費解。如果你在醫學報告中看到大寫
的WHO，你會把它讀成Who’s that？中的who嗎？那么IT和US又該
怎么讀呢？
英語這門語言獨有的瘋狂令你不得不感到驚奇。在英語里，房子
燒成灰燼的時候，可以說burn up （字面意思為“燒上去”），也可
以說 burn down （字面意思為“燒下去”）；填表的時候，你可以 fill
in a form （字面意思為“填入表里”）也可以 fill out a form （字面意
思為“填到表外”）； 而且只有鬧鐘走了（go off 字面意思為“離
開”）以后你才能聽到鈴聲！
英語是人創造的，不是計算機發明的，它反映了人類的創造力。
那就是為什么 stars are out （星星出來了）的時候我們能看到星星，
而 lights are out （燈滅了）的時候我們卻看不到燈光。那也是當我
wind up my watch （給手表上緊發條）以后表針開始走，而我 wind up
this passage （將本文收尾）后這篇文章結束的原因。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
1. The first paragraph is intended to 　　　　.
A. introduce English is interesting and creative
B. tell us English is difficult to learn
C. direct our attention to the word formation
D. lead to the topic of discussion
2. What’s the purpose of all the examples given in the passage？
A. To reflect the creativity of the human race.
B. To prove the difficulty of learning English.
C. To explain how to learn English.
D. To introduce the history of English.
3. How does the author develop the passage？
A. By providing examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By following the way of spelling.
D. By following the order of importance.
4. Why does the author say “English was invented by people”？
A. Because the English words show everything around us.
B. Because the language helps us communicate with others.
C. Because the language proves how creative human being is.
D. Because the English words are unique in the world.
5. What do we know from the last paragraph？
A. Words always have the same meanings.
B. Words can’t always describe what we feel.
C. Words sometimes confuse us.
D. Words can mean differently in different situations.
第三步：拓思維品質提升
1. Why do people often have trouble learning English？


2. While coming across confusing words and phrases， what do you often
do？

　Because many words have puzzling meanings， which makes it a
crazy language to learn.　
Refer to a dictionary and ask my English teacher.　
第四步：品語言妙筆生輝
Read the passage carefully and find the parallel sentences in the passage.










　（1）And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the
taxi， but on the train or bus！ While we’re doing all this traveling， we
can get seasick at sea， airsick in the air and carsick in a car， but we
don’t get homesick when we get back home.　
　（2）If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and
“softly” not an opposing pair？ If harmless actions are the opposite of
harmful actions， why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？　
　（3）When we look out of the window and see rain or snow， we can
say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.But when we see sunshine，
we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.　
第五步：析難句表達升級
1. I hadn’t， until one day my five-year-old son asked me
whether there was ham in a hamburger.
自主翻譯

我以前從未想過（這個問題），直到有一天，我5歲的
兒子問我hamburger（漢堡包）里面有沒有ham（火腿）。　
2. You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down， in which you fill in a form by
filling it out，
and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off！
自主翻譯





英語這門語言獨有的瘋狂令你不得不感到驚奇。在英
語里，房子燒成灰燼的時候，可以說burn up （字面意思為“燒上
去”），也可以說 burn down （字面意思為“燒下去”）；填表的
時候，你可以 fill in a form （字面意思為“填入表里”），也可以
fill out a form （字面意思為“填到表外”）； 而且只有鬧鐘走了
（go off 字面意思為“離開”）以后你才能聽到鈴聲！　
3. That is why when the stars are out， they are visible，
but when the lights are out， they are invisible.
自主翻譯


那就是為什么stars are out（星星出來了）的時候我
們能看到星星，而lights are out（燈滅了）的時候我們卻看不到
燈光。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
opposing adj. （觀點、意見等）相反的，相對立的
【教材原句】　If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are
“hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？
如果說hard （硬）是soft （軟）的反義詞，為什么hardly （幾乎不）
和softly （柔和地）卻不是一對反義詞？
【用法】
（1）opposite adj. 相反的，完全不同的；對面的
prep.　　在……的對面
adv.　　在對面
n.　　反義詞；相反的人（或物）
be opposite to　　與……相反，在……對面
（2）oppose v.　　反對，抵制
oppose （doing） sth　反對（做）某事
（3）opposed adj.　　強烈反對的；（意見、看法等）截然不同
的；對抗的
be opposed to sth　　反對某事
【佳句】　Throughout the negotiations Tom and Jack took opposing
views.
整個談判過程中，湯姆和杰克持的觀點是對立的。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①John and Jevons took （oppose） views at
today’s meeting.
②All the people in the country oppose （give） military aid to
that country.
opposing/opposite　
giving　
③It was obvious that I was going to be late， as I had mistakenly got on a
bus that was taking me in the （oppose） direction.
④The result was opposite what we had expected， leaving us
disappointed.
opposite　
to　
【寫美】　補全句子
⑤Opinions are divided on the question.60% of the students
of charging entrance fees.
在這個問題上意見有分歧，60%的學生反對收入場費的觀點。
are opposed
to the idea　
behavior n. 舉止，行為
【教材原句】　If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions，
why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？
如果說harmless actions （無害行為）和harmful actions （有害行為）
意思相反，為什么shameless behaviors （無恥行為）和shameful
behaviors （可恥行為）反而是一回事？
【用法】
（1）good/bad behavior 良好/不良行為
（2）behave v.　　舉動；（舉止或行為）表現
behave well/badly to/towards sb　　對待某人好/不好
behave oneself　　守規矩，表現得體
【佳句】　The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his
good behavior in front of other classmates.
這個孩子在課堂上表現得很好，老師在其他同學面前表揚了他的良好
行為。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①This is a family where bad （behave） will be punished.
②The shop assistants behave very well customers.
③Behave （you） and you will win the respect of most
people present at the evening party.
behavior　
towards/to　
yourself　
【寫美】　補全句子
④It is necessary to reward children .
對孩子們的良好行為給予獎勵是有必要的。
for their good behavior　
confusing adj.令人困惑的
【教材原句】　Even the smallest words can be confusing.
就算是最短小的單詞都讓人費解。
【用法】
（1）confuse vt.　 使糊涂；使迷惑
confuse A with/and B　　把A與B混淆
be/get confused by/about ...　　對……感到困惑
（2）confused adj.　　糊涂的；迷惑的
confusion n.　　混亂；困惑
【佳句】　The film is so confusing that I can’t understand it.
這部電影如此令人困惑以至于我看不懂。
【點津】　-ing形式的形容詞表示“事物”的性質和特征，意為“令
人……的”；-ed形式的形容詞往往表示“人”所處的狀態，意為“感
到……的”。修飾face， look， expression， voice等時，常用-ed形式
的形容詞。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①His answer to the question is （confuse）.
②They are so alike that I often confuse Mary Jane.
③I would often get （confuse） when I came across new
words.
④He looked at me confusion and didn’t say a word.
confusing　
with/and　
confused　
in　
【寫美】　補全句子
⑤Learning that ， I am
writing to inform you of some details.
了解到你對中國習俗感到困惑，我寫信告訴你一些細節。
you are confused about Chinese customs　
burn up 燒毀，燒盡；燒完；消耗（能量）；火燒旺
【教材原句】　You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a
language in which a house can burn up as it burns down ...
英語這門語言獨有的瘋狂令你不得不感到驚奇。在英語里，房子燒成
灰燼的時候，可以說burn up（字面意思為“燒上去”），也可以說
burn down（字面意思為“燒下去”）……
【用法】
burn down　　燒毀；火勢減弱
burn to the ground　　全部燒毀
burn out 燒壞；燃盡；筋疲力盡，耗盡體力
burn away　　（使）燒掉，燒光
burn oneself out　　耗盡體力；累垮
【佳句】　Aerobic exercise gets the heart pumping and helps you to
burn up more fat.
有氧運動加速心臟跳動，有助于消耗更多脂肪。
【練透】 寫出下列句中burn up的含義
①Brisk walking burns up more calories than slow jogging.

②Mum added more wood to the fire to make it burn up and the room
became warm gradually.
消耗（能量）　
火燒旺　
【寫美】　補全句子
③When the firemen came， the fire had .
當消防員來到的時候，火已快滅了。
burnt down　
alarm n.警報器，鬧鐘；驚恐 vt.使驚恐；使害怕
【教材原句】　... and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes
off！
……而且只有鬧鐘走了（go off 字面意思為“離開”）以后你才能聽
到鈴聲！
【用法】
（1）in alarm 　　驚恐地；驚慌地（常作方式狀語）
raise/sound the alarm　發出警報；引起警覺
（2）alarmed adj.　　擔心的；害怕的
be/feel alarmed by/at sth　　因某事而擔心/害怕
be alarmed to do sth 　　擔心/害怕做某事
【佳句】　I knocked on all the doors to raise/sound the alarm.我敲了
所有的門讓大家警覺。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①“What’s up？” he asked alarm.
②Everyone is alarmed the news that a sandstorm is on the way.
in　
by/at　
【寫美】　一句多譯
③發現她受傷了，他們很害怕。
→They her wound.
→They she was wounded.
were alarmed by/at　
were alarmed to find　
reflect v.顯示，反映；反射（聲音或者光）；思考
【教材原句】　English was invented by people， not computers， and it
reflects the creativity of the human race.
英語是人創造的，而不是計算機發明的，它反映了人類的創造力。
【用法】
（1）reflect sb/sth （in sth） （在……中）映出某人/某物的影像
reflect on/upon　　認真思考；沉思
（2）reflection n.　　映像；反射
on/upon reflection　　經再三思考
【助記】　The boy reflected on why the ground could reflect sunlight
and water could reflect the mountains.
這個男孩認真思考了為什么地面能反射陽光，水能映出群山。
【練透】 寫出下列句中reflect的含義
①The manager needed time to reflect on what to do.
②The new windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight.
思考　
反射　
【寫美】 補全句子
③At first I thought it was a bad idea，but I realized
she was right.
最初我認為那是個壞主意，但經再三思考，我認識到她是對的。
on/upon reflection　
wind up 給（機械）上發條；使（活動、會議等）結束；搖動（把
手等）
【教材原句】　And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts，
but when I wind up this passage， it ends.
那也是當我 wind up my watch （給手表上緊發條）以后表針開始走，
而我 wind up this passage （將本文收尾）后這篇文章結束的原因。
【用法】
wind one’s way 　　蜿蜒前進
wind down　　把（汽車窗玻璃等）搖下；使（業務、活動等）逐步
結束
wind forward/back　　向前/后倒（磁帶、膠卷等）
【佳句】　After he got into the car，he fastened the seat belt， wound
the window up and started the engine.
上了車以后，他系上安全帶，搖上車窗，啟動了發動機。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①She wound the car window to speak to a traffic police.
②The Great Wall winds way across north China like a huge
dragon.
down　
its　
【寫美】　補全句子
③Just when we ， the doorbell rang.
我們剛結束游戲，門鈴就響了。
wound up the game　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：have trouble （in） doing sth
【教材原句】　Have you ever asked yourself why people often have
trouble learning English？
你有沒有問過自己，為什么人們常常覺得學英語很困難？
【用法】
句中have trouble doing sth意為“做某事有困難/費力”，且doing 前面
省略了in；其中trouble 為不可數名詞，前面可用some， any， no，
little等詞來修飾。其他表示“做某事有困難”的常見結構：
（1）have trouble/difficulty/problems （in） doing sth做某事有困難/麻煩
（2）have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth 在某方面有困難/麻煩
【點津】　在使用have trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth時，
trouble/difficulty往往提前作為主句中的先行詞，定語從句中謂語變為
have doing形式。
【寫美】　微寫作
①從你上一封郵件中得知你在與同學相處方面有困難，我感到很遺
憾。（建議信）
I’m sorry to know from your last email that you
your classmates.
②無論何時我們在學習上遇到困難，李老師總是耐心地幫助我們。
（人物介紹）
， Mr Li always helps us
patiently.
have trouble （in）
getting along with　
Whenever we have trouble with our studies　
③你無法想象我們在尋找那個人時遇到了多大的困難。（告知信）
You can’t imagine what great difficulty
.
we have ever had finding the
person　
句型公式：neither ...nor ...連接并列成分
【教材原句】　 Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
pineapple （菠蘿）里既沒有 pine（松樹），也沒有apple （蘋果）。
【用法】
句中neither ...nor ...意為“既不……也不……”，可連接任意兩個
并列的成分。
（1）neither ...nor ...連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的數應和鄰近的
主語一致，遵循“就近一致”原則。
（2）neither位于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝，即將系動詞、助動詞
或情態動詞提至主語前。
（3）表示“一個人沒有做某事，另一個人也沒做同一類事”時，可
用neither或nor引起的部分倒裝句進行簡略回答，其結構為：
Neither/Nor＋助動詞/情態動詞/be動詞＋主語。
【品悟】　Neither has he done it， nor will he do it.
他沒有做過，將來也不會做。
【寫美】　微寫作/句式升級
①昆明是一個美麗的城市，一年四季都既不太熱也不太冷。（投稿）
Kunming is a beautiful city， where it’s
all year around.
②彼得不想買那輛車，他的妻子也不想。
Neither did Peter want to buy that car， .
③父母和他們的兒子都對此結果不滿意。
satisfied with the result.
④He neither likes nor has tried this kind of food.
→ this kind of food. （倒裝句）
neither too hot nor too cold　
nor did his wife　
Neither the parents nor their son was　
Neither does he like nor has he tried　
句型公式：That is why ...
【教材原句】　That is why when the stars are out， they are visible，
but when the lights are out， they are invisible.那就是為什么 stars are
out （星星出來了）的時候我們能看到星星，而 lights are out（燈滅
了）的時候我們卻看不到燈光。
【用法】
句中That is why ...意為“那就是為什么……”；why引導表語從
句；That指代上文提到的事實。
其他相關句型：
（1）This/That is/was why ...這/那就是為什么……（why引導表語
從句，表示結果）
（2）This/That is/was because ...這/那是因為……（because引導表語
從句，表示原因）
（3）The reason why ...is/was that ...……的原因是……（why引導
定語從句并在從句中作狀語；that引導表語從句，表示原因）
【品悟】　It rained heavily.That was why they put off the match.
雨下得很大，那就是為什么他們推遲了比賽。
【寫美】　微寫作
①這就是為什么廣告商利用它來說服我們購買東西。（演講稿）
advertisers use it to persuade us to buy things.
②他沒有被重點大學錄取的原因是他的分數太低。（學校生活）
he wasn’t admitted into a key university
his grades were too low.
③他沒能趕上早班車，那是因為他今天早上起晚了。（日常活動）
He missed the first bus and
.
That’s why　
The reason why　
was
that　
that was because he got up late this
morning　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. What amazed us most was the natural landscape of the rainforest and
the （獨特的） local culture.
2. He set two （鬧鐘） clocks in case he got up late.
3. Lisa Iannucci’s book was finally published under the （題
目） of “My Favourite Star” and it soon became popular with
readers of all ages.
unique　
alarm　
title　
4. He wanted a car that would （反映） his status as a bank
manager.
5. The students began to feel （想家的） after they had
been here for a month.
6. To make a sandwich， you should put a slice of （火腿）
between two slices of bread.
7. The names of political parties are always c ， for example，
the Green Party.
8. There are few v signs of the illness that kept her in hospital for
so long.
reflect　
homesick　
ham　
apitalized　
isible　
維度二：詞形轉換
1. The job is so boring.I wish I could do something more
（creativity）.
2. He used many terms in his speech which sounded
（confuse） to the audience.
3. The mountains are （visible） because of the clouds.
4. Children watch what others do carefully and imitate the
（behave） of those closest to them.
creative　
confusing　
invisible　
behavior　
5. He had the （oppose） view and felt that the
war was immoral.
6. On （reflect），I agree with your plan of doing part-
time jobs in the summer vacation.
opposing/opposite　
reflection　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. If we all agree， let’s （使結束） the discussion.
2. （說起） all the songs he has written， I think this is
probably his best-known one.
3. He’s a French， so he can speak （既不……也
不……） write Chinese.
4. When looking for a job， you’re often asked to （填
寫） a form at first.
wind up　
Speaking of　
neither　
nor　
fill in/out　
5. He lost the game and （那就是為什么……） he
didn’t come to attend the celebration party.
6. She （向外看） the window， sighing for her lost
youth.
that was why　
looked out of　
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Have you ever asked 1. （you） why people often have
trouble 2. （learn） English？ I hadn’t， until one day my
five-year-old son asked me 3. there was ham in a
hamburger.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language
4. （learn）.
yourself　
learning　
whether　
to learn　
Even the smallest words can be 5. （confuse）.You
also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 6. a
house can burn up as it burns down， and in which an alarm 7.
（hear） once it goes off！
English 8. （invent） by people， not
computers， and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why
when the stars are out， they are visible， but when the 9.
（light） are out， they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my
watch， it starts， 10. when I wind up this passage， it ends.
confusing　
which　
is
heard　
was invented　
lights　
but　
　　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　You can study the English language for years and still not understand
a native speaker of English when you meet one.Many language learners
know that native speakers say a lot of things that you can’t find in a
dictionary.Well， here’s a secret for you： A lot of British people
can’t understand each other either！
　　Across the UK， a number of regions have different dialects — that
is， they have their own unique vocabulary and grammatical
phrases.There are many different accents in London， because it is not
just where a person is born in the UK that decides their accent.Language
and accents also vary across social class and level of education.Hence the
recent rise of a new accent coined at the end of the 20th century —
“Multicultural London English”.
　　Other factors are also important in the invention of new accents and
ways of speaking.These include the influence of people from different
ethnic backgrounds and different age groups， too.
　　“Yoof culture” is an example.The word “yoof” is a slang
spelling of “youth”.Young people are creating their own language，
concepts and identity.By using words that their parents don’t
understand， children can talk about things that their parents might not
approve of.For example， instead of saying something like “That’s
good！” or “I understand”， yoof will use a single adjective like
“Safe！”， or “Sorted！” Besides， Yoof would use “kind-a-
thing”， or “sort-a-thing” to replace “if you understand what I’m
saying”.In this way， they are starting to find freedom， independence
and self-expression.
　　As learners of English， we may wonder how well we can talk to a
native speaker， but perhaps we should worry less about this.Research
commissioned by the British Council shows that 94 per cent of the English
spoken in the world today is spoken among non-native speakers of the
language.In fact， when we think about “international English”， there
is no such thing as a native or non-native speaker.The UK no longer owns
the English language.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了許多人聽不懂母語人士
說的英語，并分析了其原因。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了許多人聽不懂母語人士
說的英語，并分析了其原因。
1. What’s the function of Paragraph 1？
A. To share a story.
B. To make a comparision.
C. To show the author’s experience.
D. To introduce the topic.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第一段內容可知，你可能學英語很多
年了，當你遇到一個以英語為母語的人時你仍會聽不明白。下文說
明了母語人士講的英語聽不懂的原因。由此可推斷，本段的作用是
引入文章的話題。
2. What can we know about “Multicultural London English”？
A. It’s now spoken by people around the world.
B. It was invented by Londoners in the 1900s.
C. It’s a modern accent that crosses educational divides.
D. It’s a dialect specific to a particular social class.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段中的Language and accents also
vary across social class and level of education.Hence the recent rise of
a new accent ... “Multicultural London English”.可知，“多元文
化的倫敦英語” 是一種跨越教育鴻溝的現代口音。
3. What does “Sorted！” mean in “yoof culture”？
A. Watch out. B. I see.
C. My pleasure. D. Hurry up.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第四段中的For example， instead of
saying something like “That’s good！” or “I understand”， yoof
will use a single adjective like “Safe！”， or “Sorted！”可知，
“Sorted！”在“yoof（年輕人）文化”中是“我明白”的意思。
4. What does the author want to tell us？
A. Don’t worry if you cannot understand native speakers.
B. Learning English well is very easy.
C. Languages are always changing.
D. It is important to communicate with a native speaker.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的As learners of English，
we may wonder how well we can talk to a native speaker， but perhaps
we should worry less about this.可知，作者想告訴我們如果聽不懂
母語人士的話，不要擔心。
B
　　It is often said that if we dream in a foreign language， it’s a sign
that we are making progress in learning that language.But is it true？
　　Before we can look at multilingual （多語言的） dreams， first we
need to look at sleep.The link between sleep and language can be applied
to how we learn any language， including our mother tongue.Even adults
still learn about one new word every two days in their first language，
but， if we are going to have a firm grasp of that new word， we need to
link it to our existing knowledge.“In order to do that， we need to have
some sleep，” says Gareth Gaskell， a psychology professor at the
University of York.
　　It’s during sleep that the integration of old and new knowledge
happens.At night， one part of our brain — the hippocampus — takes
whatever new information it got in the day， and passes it on to other parts
of the brain to be stored.The role that dreams play in this night-time
learning process is still being studied， but it’s entirely possible that
during multilingual dreams， the brain is trying to connect two
languages， according to Marc Zuist， researcher at the University
Hospital of Psychiatry in Switzerland.
　　So having multilingual dreams could mean that our brain is trying to
master a new word or phrase， but it could also have an emotional
significance.Danuta Barker， a professor of psycholinguistics （心理語
言學） at the University of Silesia in Poland， suggests that multilingual
dreams can express fears and desires around learning a foreign language，
including the wish to be a native-like speaker or to be accepted within a
certain community.
　　We clearly still have a lot to learn about multilingual dreams， but
one thing seems certain： if you’re trying to learn a new language， you
should definitely sleep on it.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了睡眠和語言之間的
聯系可以應用于如何學習任何語言，包括我們的母語。多語夢境
中，大腦試圖將兩種語言聯系起來，這有助于學習一門新的語言。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了睡眠和語言之間的
聯系可以應用于如何學習任何語言，包括我們的母語。多語夢境
中，大腦試圖將兩種語言聯系起來，這有助于學習一門新的語言。
5. Which of the following does Gareth agree with？
A. Adults are better at learning.
B. We can learn words while sleeping.
C. Our existing knowledge is from dreams.
D. Multilingual dreams have nothing to do with progress.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第二段最后兩句可推知，加雷思可能
同意的觀點是我們可以在睡覺的時候學習單詞。
6. What does the underlined word “integration” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. Method. B. Form.
C. Combination. D. Reflection.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文可知，此處為正是在睡眠
期間，新舊知識的整合發生了。由此可知，畫線單詞integration為
“整合”的意思，與C項Combination意思一致。
7. What does Danuta Barker study？
A. Emotion and dreams.
B. Languages and communities.
C. Universities and courses.
D. Words and expressions.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第四段第二句可推知，努塔·巴克研
究情感和夢的關系。
8. What’s the main idea of the passage？
A. Why we learn a foreign language in the dream.
B. Learning languages is completely from sleeping.
C. Sleeping plays an important part in the development of brains.
D. How multilingual dreams are connected to language learning.
解析：　主旨大意題。全篇文章在介紹夢和語言的聯系，研究者
也進行了分析。由此可知，這篇文章的主旨是多語言夢境是如何與
語言學習聯系在一起的。
C
　　Speaking two languages deeply affects the brain and changes how the
nervous system reacts to sound， and researches have shown that learning
a foreign language can strengthen brain power， but a new study suggests
that the effects go further to those who begin in middle childhood.
　　It indicates that people who began learning a foreign language at 10
and were always exposed to the language， meaning they heard and used
it in daily life， had improvements in the structure of the brain’s white
matter compared with people who grew up speaking only one language and
did not learn a foreign language.
　　These “higher levels of structural integrity （完整性）” were in
areas responsible for language learning and semantic （語義的）
processing， which occurs when the meaning of a word is encoded and
related to similar words with similar meaning.
　　The new findings， published in the National Academy of Sciences on
Monday， studied brain scans from 200 subjects （接受實驗者）， all
around the age of 30， who lived in Britain for at least 13 months.They all
started learning English as a foreign language at the age of 10.
　　Their imaging scans were compared with people of similar age who
spoke only English.The study was led by Christos of the University of
Kent School of Psychology in Britain.
　　“Everyday dealing with more than one language benefits specific
language-related brain structures by preserving their integrity， and
therefore it protects them against deterioration in older age，” the study
found.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了10歲時學習一門外
語可以增強腦力。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了10歲時學習一門外
語可以增強腦力。
9. Who may have stronger brain power according to the text？
A. A person who learns English as a foreign language.
B. A person who speaks English as a mother language.
C. A person who can speak English well at an early age.
D. A person who hears and uses English in everyday life.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段中的researches have shown that
learning a foreign language can strengthen brain power可知，把英語
作為外語來學習的人腦力更強。
10. What can we know from 200 subjects’ brain scans？
A. The 200 subjects lived in Britain to learn English.
B. The 200 subjects studied English at the age of 30.
C. The structure of their brains’ white matter improved.
D. The structure of their brains’ white matter disappeared.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段和第四段內容可知，我們能
從200名受試者的腦部掃描中了解到這200名受試者的大腦白質結
構得到改善。
11. What does the underlined word “deterioration” in the last paragraph
mean？
A. Evolving. B. Reaction.
C. Worsening. D. Formation.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據最后一段中的Everyday dealing with
more than one language benefits specific language-related brain
structures by preserving their integrity可知，這些大腦結構在老年時
會得到保護從而不會惡化。因此畫線詞意為“惡化”。
12. What’s the text mainly about？
A. Speaking two languages affects the brain seriously.
B. Speaking two languages changes how the brain works.
C. Learning a foreign language can affect people’s childhood.
D. Learning a foreign language at 10 strengthens brain power.
解析：　主旨大意題。文章第一段指出一項新研究發現學習一
門外語能增強腦力。根據第三段最后一句可知，該項研究的對象
都是在10歲時開始學外語。由此可知，文章主要講述了10歲學一
門外語可以增強腦力。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　At China Daily Learning English， we sometimes get questions like
this： “How can I speak English with more confidence？” 　13　.No
matter what language we are learning， we would all love to speak more
confidently.So today， we have three pieces of advice to help you gain
confidence in your English-speaking ability.
　　Use positive self-talk
　　Believe it or not， the most important person you talk to every day is
yourself.In other words， it is your thoughts that really matter.So our first
piece of advice is to use positive self-talk.
　　If you lack confidence as an English speaker， you may tell yourself
things like， “ 　14　.” When you talk to other people， you may say
things like， “I’m so sorry for my English.” But if you keep thinking
and saying such things， you are sure to start believing them.
　　So the next time you are using your English， pay attention to what
you tell yourself or others. 　15　.
　　Don’t worry too much
　　One of the biggest barriers to confidence in speaking a second
language is the constant worry about making mistakes.Understand that
making mistakes is a natural part of the language learning process.Yes，
you will make mistakes. 　16　. And many English learners communicate
very well， even with mistakes.Mistakes can be a good thing.The more
mistakes you make， the more progress you will make.
　　 　17　
　　If your English-speaking skills are at the beginner or intermediate
（中級的） level and you try to do something too difficult， you may
fail.This can harm your confidence.But， if you do something that
matches your level， you are more likely to do it well.
A. Set realistic goals
B. Build your confidence
C. That is a great question
D. English is too hard and I will never improve
E. It is important to practice speaking English every day　
F. But the purpose of speaking a language is to communicate
G. Be sure to replace unhelpful thoughts or ideas with better ones
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了如何才能自信地說英語
的幾種方法。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了如何才能自信地說英語
的幾種方法。
13. C　上文提出怎樣才能更自信地說英語這個問題。C項（這是一個
好問題）承接上文，強調這個問題的重要性。
14. D　根據上文If you lack confidence as an English speaker， you may
tell yourself things like推測，空處可能列舉你對自己所說的話，D項
（英語太難了，我永遠也進步不了）承接上文，這正是我們不自信時
對自己說的話。
15. G　上文提到要注意對自己或別人說的話。G項（一定要用更好的
想法來代替無益的想法）承接上文，符合語境。
16. F　上文說明犯錯誤是語言學習過程中自然的事情。下文指出即使
有錯也能很好地交流。由此可知，F項（但是說一門語言的目的是交
流）承上啟下，符合語境。
17. A　設空處為段落小標題。下文說明目標設置不合理會損害自
信。由此可知，該部分的建議是設置合理的目標。A項（設定切合實
際的目標）能概括本段內容，為最佳小標題。
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