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(共27張PPT)
R·七年級下冊
Unit 2 No Rules, No Order
(Section A Grammar Focus 3a-3d)
Grammar focus
3a Read the sentence. Circle the word that introduces a reason.
Walk in the hallway. Don't run!
Be polite and treat one another with respect. Don't litter. / You musn’t litter. /You can’t litter.
Can we bring our phones to class No, we can’t. We must keep them in the lockers.
Can we eat snacks in class No, we can’t eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall.
1.祈使句的概念
(1)祈使句一般用來表示請求、命令、勸告、警告、禁止等。祈使句的主語一般是第二人稱you，但往往省略。祈使句的肯定式以動詞原形開頭，否定式在動詞原形前加don’t。句末用句號或感嘆號，讀時用降調。為表示禮貌，祈使句經常在句首或句末加上please。當please在句末時，其前通常加逗號。
祈使句
Grammar Focus
Read and judge(讀句子，并判斷).
（ ）
（ ）
（ ）
（ ）
Please give me some water.
Go out!
Make good use of your free time, please.
Please don’t run in the hallways.
表請求
表命令
表勸告
表警告
Walk in the hallways. Don’t run!
Be polite and treat one another with respect. Don’t litter.
祈使句的肯定句和否定句是怎樣構成的？
Read and think
Do 型 肯定句： 動詞原形(+其他). 去刷牙！
否定句： Don’t+動詞原形(+其他). 不要亂扔
（垃圾）。
Go and brush
your teeth!
Don’t litter.
2.祈使句的句式
Be 型 肯定句： Be+表語(+其他). 請安靜。
否定句： Don’t+be+表語(+其他). 不要吵鬧。
Be quiet, please.
Don’t be noisy.
Let 型 肯定句： Let+賓語+動詞原形 (+其他). 讓我幫你吧。
否定句： ①Don’t let+賓語+動詞原形(+其他). ②Let+賓語+not+動詞原形(+其他). 別讓他走。
Let me help you.
Don’t let him go./
Let him not go.
其他 No+動詞-ing形式/名詞. 禁止游泳。
禁止拍照。
表示強調時，可在動詞原形前加do，意為 “一定，務必”。
一定要來看我。
No swimming.
No photos.
Do come to see me.
注意
為表示禮貌，可在祈使句的句首或句末加上please。當 please在句末時，要用逗號與句子其他部分隔開。
請遵守校規。
注意
Please follow the school rules.
＝Follow the school rules, please.
You mustn’t litter.
/You can’t litter.
Can we bring our phones to class No, we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers.
Can we eat snacks in class No, we can’t eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall.
觀察它們在用法上有什么共同點？2.can/must/have to后面接動詞的什么形式？
3.have to在句法上和其他情態動詞的區別在哪里？
can/must/have to +動詞原形
have to 與其他情態動詞不同，有人稱、數和時態的變化
表示主觀的義務或必要，無人稱、數和時態 的變化，意為“必須”。
我必須做作業。
I must do my homework.
情態動詞must
(2)表示肯定推測，常用于肯定句中，意為“一定、必然”。這個故事一定很有趣。
The story must be funny.
2.情態動詞have to
1) have to 意為“必須；不得不”，后接動詞原形，表示客觀需要做的事情。例：現在我不得不離開。
I have to leave now.
2)have to 有人稱、數和時態的變化，其第三人稱單數形式為 has to。過去式為 had to 。
辛迪每天必須鋪床。
Cindy has to make the bed every day.
You don’t have to arrive there at eight.
have to/must
can’t/musn’t
have to/must
must / have to
have to/must
have to/must
have to/must
wait your turn
等待輪到你
v. 離開；留下
缺席，不在
adv. 輕聲地；安靜地
安全帶
穿上，戴上
3b Complete the sentences using can, have to /must, or can't/mustn't.
1. Don't jump the queue. You _____________wait for your turn.
2. You _________________ just ask your teacher a question in class. You
______________ raise your hand first.
3. A: Can I leave the class if I don't feel well
B: Yes, but you ______________tell your teacher about it when you
_______________ be absent from class.
4.A: Hey! Can I look at your book
B: Shh, we _______________ talk quietly in the library.
5.A: Can you put on your seat belt We ___________wear one when we're in a car.
B: Sure.Thanks!
●Do not eat or drink.
●No eating or drinking.
●You can’t /mustn’t eat or drink.
3c Look at the first sign and read the rules, Then write the rules for the other signs.
Do not park. No parking. You can't / mustn't park.
Do not take photos / pictures. No photos / pictures. You can't / mustn't take photos / pictures.
Do not swim. No swimming. You can't / mustn't swim.
Do not feed the birds. No feeding the birds.
You can't /mustn't feed the birds.
v. 喂養；飼養
3d In groups, brainstorm three rules for one of the places below. Then draw signs to show the rules. Share your signs in class and explain what they mean.
library school dining hall park cinema hospital
In the library, we must keep quiet. We mustn’t make noise.
We can’t ...
保持安靜 制造噪音
頭腦風暴
In the library
We must keep quiet.
We mustn’t make noise.
We can’t eat or drink here.
We can’t take books out of the library without permission.
In the school dinning hall
We can’t jump the queue.
We can’t waste food.
We have to clean the table before we leave.
In the park
We can’t throw rubbish here and there.
We can’t walk on the grass and pick flowers.
We can’t play with fire.
In the cinema
We must sit on the assigned seat shown on the ticket.
We mustn’t smoke here.
We must keep quiet while watching.
In the hospital
We mustn’t smoke.
We have to be quiet.
Don’t run in the hallways.
Rules are everywhere in our daily life. We should follow the rules and make a quiet and comfortable place for everyone.
Checklist Be able to use imperatives ☆☆☆
Be able to use the modal verbs must/can/have to ☆☆☆
Be able to read and tell rules in your daily life. ☆☆☆
Self-assessment
單詞 rule, order, follow, arrive, uniform, hallway, litter, polite, treat, respect, if, jacket, late for, on time, have to, follow rules, be polite
句型 -Can+ 人 肯定回答-Yes, he/she can.
Rules: 否定：No, he/she can’t. He/She has to .
Don’ t be late for school. Arrive on time.
Don’ t run in the hallways.
Don’ t eat in the class.
Wear the school uniform.
Don’ t use your phone in class.
Don’ t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy.
Be polite and treat everyone with respect.
Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher a question.
Thank you!

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