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(共34張PPT)
Unit 2 Success
Lesson 1 Money vs Success
4. v.-ing形式作定語(yǔ)
（1）單個(gè)v.-ing形式作定語(yǔ)位于被修飾名詞前，既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修飾者的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water = water for drinking 飲用水
a reading room = a room for reading 閱覽室
a writing desk = a desk for writing 寫(xiě)字臺(tái)
（2）v.-ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在所修飾的名詞之后，并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
They lived in a room facing the street.
= They lived in room that faces the street.
他們住在一間面朝大街的房子里。
The man standing there is Peter's father.
= The man who is standing there is Peter's father.
站在那兒的那個(gè)人是彼得的父親。
（3）v.-ing形式短語(yǔ)也可以用作非限制定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)，它與句子其他部分用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。
She fell of the bike, breaking her left leg.
她從自行車(chē)上掉下來(lái)，結(jié)果摔斷了左腿。
His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
= His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
他哥哥住在北京，是一名教師。
The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
= The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
那棵蘋(píng)果樹(shù)碩果累累，在微風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳。
注意：
① v.-ing形式的完成式不可作定語(yǔ)
② 在message, letter, sign, news, notice等詞后要用v.-ing作定語(yǔ)，不用過(guò)去分詞
③ 某些v.-ing形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不再表示動(dòng)作，已經(jīng)變成了形容詞詞性
an interesting story 一個(gè)有趣的故事
an exciting match 一場(chǎng)激動(dòng)人心的比賽
5. v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
（1）在see, hear, feel, watch, notice, hear等感官動(dòng)詞后和catch, find, have, keep, leave, start等動(dòng)詞之后可以用v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這時(shí)v.-ing形式和句子賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，并且v.-ing形式表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
We saw a light burning in the window.
我們看到窗戶上有燈在燃燒。
I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
我感覺(jué)有人拍我的肩膀。
When the teacher caught the boy student cheating in the exam, he made him go out.
發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)男生正在作弊，老師讓他出去了。
He kept them working all day.
他讓他們整天干活。
（2）動(dòng)詞不定式和v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官動(dòng)詞后，既可用v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也可用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，兩者之間有一定的區(qū)別。
① 用v.-ing形式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行
Do you hear someone knocking at the door
你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人正在敲門(mén)嗎？
(Someone is knocking at the door.)
② 用動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。
Do you hear someone knock at the door
你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人敲門(mén)了嗎？
(Someone knocked at the door just now.)
（3）with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
① with+賓語(yǔ)+doing (主動(dòng)，同時(shí))
I couldn't go to sleep with him playing the piano.
他彈著琴，所以我睡不著。
② with+賓語(yǔ)+ being done (正在被……)
With the audience looking at him, he felt extremely anxious.
觀眾看著他，他感到非常焦慮。
6. v.-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)
v.-ing形式可以在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步或伴隨狀況。
（1）作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他們都高興得跳了起來(lái)。
（2）作原因狀語(yǔ)
Being an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates.
作為一個(gè)外向的女孩，我和同學(xué)們相處得很融洽。
（3）作條件狀語(yǔ)
Working hard, you will do well in your exams.
你如果努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)在考試中取得好成績(jī)。
（4）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole city.
雪下了一個(gè)星期，造成整個(gè)城市嚴(yán)重的交通混亂。
（5）作讓步狀語(yǔ)
Weighing almost fifty kilograms, the box was lifted by him with one hand.
那箱子將近 50公斤重，但還是被他用一只手拎起來(lái)了。
（6）作伴隨狀語(yǔ)
He stood leaning against the wall.
他斜靠著墻站著。
注意：
① 當(dāng)v.-ing所表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或近于同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，要用v.-ing的一般式
Not knowing her telephone number, we couldn't get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的電話號(hào)碼，我們無(wú)法跟她取得聯(lián)系。
② 當(dāng)v.-ing所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí)，用v.-ing的完成式
Having talked with John, I realized my mistake.
和約翰談話之后，我意識(shí)到了自己的錯(cuò)誤。
Having turned off the TV set, he began to go over his lessons.
關(guān)掉電視機(jī)以后，他便開(kāi)始復(fù)習(xí)功課。
Practice
1.-Let me tell you something about my trip into the deep forest this evening.
-Don't you remember ________ (tell) me the story yesterday
2. Tony was very unhappy for _________________ (not invite) to the party which was held in the central park.
3. Mr. Smith made up his mind to devote all his time and energy to ________ (set) up a school for those disabled children.
telling
not being invited
setting
Practice
4. At this time of late hours, missing a bus means ________ (wait) for another hour.
5. I really can't imagine Tom ____________ (finish) his work in such a short time.
6. -The final result won't come out until late this afternoon.
-Well, I would appreciate your ________ (call) back this afternoon.
waiting
finishing
calling
Practice
7. -How about all of us ________ (take) a break under the big tree over there
-Good idea.
8. -I'm sorry I missed the meeting yesterday.
-Well, I must apologize to you for ________________ (not inform) ahead of time.
9. The three children all look forward from morning till night to ________ (see) their mother home.
taking
not informing
seeing
Practice
10. While surfing on line, some young people sometimes can't help ___________ (click) into some ill website.
11. I don't mean to hurt you because what I have said really means ___________ (advise) you to be good.
12. -I can't see the words on the blackboard clearly.
-Why, your eyes need __________________ (examine). Perhaps you need to wear glasses.
clicking
advising
being examined
Practice
13. I didn't mind ___________ (walk) home but my brother preferred to take a taxi.
14. _________ (fly) around the world seems to be his major business in life as he works in a foreign trade company.
15. ___________ (chat) on line with his pen pals costs him a lot of his precious time. That's why he is falling behind his classmates in his lessons.
walking
Flying
Chatting
Thank you

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