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Unit 1 How can we become good learners？語法講練
【知識導(dǎo)圖】
【要點拓展】
“by+時間點”的動詞時態(tài)：
(1)后接過去的時間，多與過去完成時連用。
例：They had finished their work by the end of last week.到上周末他們已經(jīng)完成了工作。
(2)后接now時，多與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。
例：Maybe she has returned by now．或許現(xiàn)在她已經(jīng)回來了。
(3)后接將來的時間，多與一般將來時或?qū)硗瓿蓵r連用。
例：I’ll be there by five o’clock this afternoon.我今天下午五點以前到那里。
2．介詞by的其他用法：
(1)表示原因（名詞前不加冠詞），如by chance、by mistake、by accident、by luck、by reason of、by design。
例：They met by chance.他們不期而遇。
I did it by mistake.我誤做了這件事。
(2)表示通過某種方式（名詞前不加冠詞），如by phone、by hand、by machine、by radio...
(3)身體部位名詞／衣服名詞”表示“被抓住身體／衣物的某一部分”，常與動詞catch／seize／hold／grab等連用（名詞前需加冠詞）。
例：The policeman caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。
I took him by the hand.我拉著他的手。
(4)用于乘除運算
例：6 multiplied by 3 equals 18. 6乘以3等于18。
6 divided by 3 equals 2. 6除以3等于2。
3．by構(gòu)成的介詞短語作方式狀語時，對其提問應(yīng)用疑問詞How。
例：-How do you study for a test？-你是如何準備考試的？
-By working hard.-通過努力學(xué)習(xí)。
【奇思巧計】
【同步檢測】
一、單項選擇
1. --How do you study _____a test --I study _____ working with a group.
A. by; in B.for; by C. for;from D. for; with
2. --Michael, could you tell me how we can pass the final examination
--______practicing again and again.
A. For B. By C. With
3. I improved my spoken English_______watching English movies and listening to English songs.
A. in B. to C. for D. by
4. --I have no cash on hand, may I pay _________WeChat --Of course.
A. by B. with C.off D.in
5. He sent the news to me ______e-mail last week.
A. on B. at C. with D. by
6. Jack improves his English by _______in the morning.
A. take notes B.practice more C.reading aloud D. watch videos
7. Some students are singing and dancing under the big tree, and some are drawing _____the lake.
A. in B. by C. on D. over
8. I like rainy days. I usually read books _______the window when it rains.
A. by B. in C. on D. to
9. More and more people in our city go to work ____bus.
A. in B. by C. with D. for
10._____the end of June, 2019, China’s civil aviation(民航) industry had realized 106 months of continuous safe flight operations.
A. On B. At C. In D. By
11. Simon is not allowed to go out in the evening unless he promises to be home_____10 o'clock at the latest.
A. since B. by C. after D. till
12. Can you arrive at the gate of the park ____noon
A. in B. by C. for D. behind
13. Few students could understand the sentence until it ______by Miss Chen.
A. explained B. was explained C. was explaining D. have explained
14. --People, especially the young, ______by their friends.
--That's right. Friends play an important role in everyone's life.
A. easily influence B. is easily influenced C. are easily influenced
15. Success in life doesn't happen ______. It depends on our hard work.
A. by ourselves B. by the way C. by accident D. by air
16.- You skate so well. Who taught you I learned it by _____.
A. me B. mine C. myself
17. In the past, people washed clothes _______.
A. by hand B. with hand C. by hands
18. Jeff goes to work _____and his wife goes to work ______.
A. by car; on bike B. by a car; on a bike
C. by car; on her bike D. by his car; in his bike
二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空
1. I can do it by ______(I).
2. We go to Beijing by_______(bus).
3. This work is finished by______(hand).
4. I think you can improve your English by________(watch) English movies.
5. Water is changed into steam by _______(hot) and into ice by cold
[真題鏈接]
1.(2022·遼寧盤錦·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Vincent sometimes sits ______the river and listens to music.
A. on B.by C. over D. under
2.(2021·貴州貴陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題)In order to protect the environment, many people choose to go to work ____ subway.
A.in B. on C. by
3.(2019·湖北·統(tǒng)考中考真題)--I never see Linda take a taxi to work.
--To live a low-carbon life, she always goes to work _____her bike instead of____taxi.
A. by;by B. on;by C. on;in
4.(2019·安徽·中考真題)On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel ____ the window.
A. by B. for C. with D. from
5.(2018·黑龍江鶴崗·中考真題)_____convenient the way is! We can pay money_____ scanning QR codes(二維碼)in many shops.
A. How;for B. How; by C. What; by
6.(2018·廣西河池·統(tǒng)考中考真題)You can improve your English_____listening to English songs.
A. by B. with C.for D. in
7.(2018·山東青島·中考真題)More and more people in Qingdao go to work ______subway now.
A. with B. on C.in D. by
8.(2020·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題)By the time the teacher came, we _________cleaning the classroom.
A. finished B. have finished C. had finished
9.(2019·上海·中考真題)By the end of last month, Jane_____enough money for the poor sick boy.
A. raised B. would raise C. had raised D. has raised
10.(2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題)The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ______by people of all ages.
A. is loved B. was loved C. will love D. is loving
11.(2023·湖南懷化·統(tǒng)考中考真題)The cake_____by the hungry students quickly yesterday.
A. eats B. is eaten C.was eaten
12.(2022·遼寧朝陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題)It’s said that tea______by accident about five thousand years ago.
A. was invented B. is invented C. will be invented D. were invented
13.(2022·北京·統(tǒng)考中考真題)On our farm, the tea leaves ______by hand when they are ready.
A. pick B. picked C. are picked D. were picked
14.(2022·海南·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Few students could understand the sentence until it _____ by Miss Chen.
A. explained B. was explained C. was explaining
15.(2022·江蘇揚州·統(tǒng)考中考真題)-I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday.
Yes, it_______by our school green club to protect forests.
A. organizes B. organized C.was organized D. will be organized
16.(2022·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Mary is a book lover. She could read by _____at the age of five.
A. herself B. himself C. themselves
17.(2022·福建·統(tǒng)考中考真題)As the art festival is coming, they are preparing everything by_____.
A. yourselves B. ourselves C. themselves
18.(2021·貴州畢節(jié)·統(tǒng)考中考真題)My grandma can use WeChat(微信).She learns it all by______.
A. she B. herself C. her D. hers
19.(2022·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題)I'll go to senior high school soon. I can't believe how fast the time_____!
A. went on B. went off C. went by
20.(2022·四川自貢·統(tǒng)考中考真題)--How can we save electricity in daily life By _____the lights when we leave a room, for example.
A.turning off B.putting off C. taking off
21.(2019·四川宜賓·中考真題)Oh, _______, if you see Lucy, tell her that I enjoy her Chinese paintings.
A. in fact B. by the way C.in other words
21世紀教育網(wǎng)(www.21cnjy.com)(共52張PPT)
Unit 1 How can we become good learners？
九年級
人教版
全
語法講練及解析
【知識導(dǎo)圖】
【要點拓展】
“by+時間點”的動詞時態(tài)：
(1)后接過去的時間，多與過去完成時連用。
例：They had finished their work by the end of last week.到上周末他們已經(jīng)完成了工作。
(2)后接now時，多與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。
例：Maybe she has returned by now．或許現(xiàn)在她已經(jīng)回來了。
(3)后接將來的時間，多與一般將來時或?qū)硗瓿蓵r連用。
例：I’ll be there by five o’clock this afternoon.我今天下午五點以前到那里。
2．介詞by的其他用法：
(1)表示原因（名詞前不加冠詞），如by chance、by mistake、by accident、by luck、by reason of、by design。
例：They met by chance.他們不期而遇。
I did it by mistake.我誤做了這件事。
(2)表示通過某種方式（名詞前不加冠詞），如by phone、by hand、by machine、by radio...
(3)身體部位名詞／衣服名詞”表示“被抓住身體／衣物的某一部分”，常與動詞catch／seize／hold／grab等連用（名詞前需加冠詞）。
例：The policeman caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。
I took him by the hand.我拉著他的手。
(4)用于乘除運算
例：6 multiplied by 3 equals 18. 6乘以3等于18。
6 divided by 3 equals 2. 6除以3等于2。
3．by構(gòu)成的介詞短語作方式狀語時，對其提問應(yīng)用疑問詞How。
例：-How do you study for a test？-你是如何準備考試的？
-By working hard.-通過努力學(xué)習(xí)。
【奇思巧計】
【同步檢測】
一、單項選擇
1. --How do you study _____a test --I study _____ working with a group.
A. by; in B.for; by C. for;from D. for; with
[答案]B
[詳解]句意:--你是如何為考試而學(xué)習(xí)的 --我和一個小組一起學(xué)習(xí)。
考查介詞辨析。by 通過，表方式、方法或手段;in在......里面;for為了，表示動作的目的原因等;from 從;with 和。根據(jù)問句“How do you study...a test ”可知，第一個空表示你如何為考試而學(xué)習(xí)，表目的，用介詞 for;根據(jù)答句“I study...working with a group."，此處表方式，我通過小組活動來學(xué)習(xí)，第二個空用介詞by。故選B。
2. --Michael, could you tell me how we can pass the final examination
--______practicing again and again.
A. For B. By C. With
[答案]B
[詳解]句意:--邁克爾，你能告訴我我們怎樣才能通過期末考試嗎 --通過一次又一次的練習(xí)。
考查介詞辨析。For為了: By 通過:With 和。根據(jù)“how we can pass the final examination”可知，詢問的是通過期末考試的方法，因此此處應(yīng)用表示手段的介詞by。故選B。
3. I improved my spoken English_______watching English movies and listening to English songs.
A. in B. to C. for D. by
[答案]D
[詳解]句意:我通過看英語電影和聽英語歌曲提高了我的英語口語。
考查介詞詞義辨析。in 在......里面;to到; for 為了: by通過。根據(jù)“watching English movies and listening to English songs”可知，題干使用了by doing sth.短語結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“通過做某事”，作方式狀語。故選 D。
4. --I have no cash on hand, may I pay _________WeChat --Of course.
A. by B. with C.off D.in
[答案]A
[詳解]句意:--我身上沒帶現(xiàn)金，可以用微信支付嗎 --當然。
考查介詞辨析。by 通過，表方式:with 和;off離開;in在...…里面。根據(jù)語境可知，pay by表示“用....…方式付款”，介詞by“通過”，表方式，符合語境。故選A。
5. He sent the news to me ______e-mail last week.
A. on B. at C. with D. by
[答案]D
[詳解]句意:上個星期他通過電子郵件給我發(fā)的這個消息。
考查介詞辨析。on 關(guān)于;at 在:with 和:by通過。根據(jù)“He sent the news to me"和“e-mail”可知他發(fā)消息的方式是電子郵件，故選D。
6. Jack improves his English by _______in the morning.
A. take notes B.practice more C.reading aloud D. watch videos
[答案]C
[詳解]句意:杰克通過在早上大聲閱讀去提升他的英語。
考查動詞短語辨析及by 的用法。take notes 記筆記:practice more多練習(xí):reading aloud 大聲閱讀:watch videos 看視頻。by 為介詞，后面要用動名詞形式。故選C.
7. Some students are singing and dancing under the big tree, and some are drawing _____the lake.
A. in B. by C. on D. over
[答案]B
[詳解]句意:一些學(xué)生在大樹下唱歌和跳舞，一些在湖邊畫畫。
考查介詞辨析。in在......里面;by在......旁邊;on 在上面;over 在......正上方。根據(jù)“and some are drawing...the lake.”可知是在湖邊畫畫。故選 B。
8. I like rainy days. I usually read books _______the window when it rains.
A. by B. in C. on D. to
[答案]A
[詳解]句意:我喜歡雨天。下雨時我通常在窗邊看書。
考查介詞辨析。by在......旁邊;in在......內(nèi);on 在......之上:to 朝。結(jié)合語境可知下雨時，說話人喜歡在窗戶旁邊看書，所以這里用表示地點的介詞by。故選A。
9. More and more people in our city go to work ____bus.
A. in B. by C. with D. for
[答案]B
[詳解]句意:在我們城市里，越來越多的人乘公共汽車去上班。
考查介詞。in在......里面;by通過:with有;for為了。根據(jù)“bus”可知，此處指的是“乘坐公共汽車”，用短語by bus，故選B。
10._____the end of June, 2019, China’s civil aviation(民航) industry had realized 106 months of continuous safe flight operations.
A. On B. At C. In D. By
[答案]D
[詳解]句意:到2019年6月底，中國民航實現(xiàn)持續(xù)安全飛行106個月。
考查介詞辨析。on后接具體一天;at后接具體時刻;in后接某年某月某:by到......為止。根據(jù)“the end of June”以及“had realized”可知，by the end of+過去的時間，與過去完成時搭配，故選 D。
11. Simon is not allowed to go out in the evening unless he promises to be home_____10 o'clock at the latest.
A. since B. by C. after D. till
[答案]B
[詳解]句意:西蒙晚上不準外出，除非他答應(yīng)最遲10點鐘之前到家。
考查介詞辨析。since自......之后;by到.…...之前;after在......之后;till 直到。根據(jù)“he promises to be home...10 o'clock at the latest.”可知，西蒙被允許外出的條件是最遲10點之前回來。故選B。
12. Can you arrive at the gate of the park ____noon
A. in B. by C. for D. behind
[答案]B
[詳解]句意:你能在中午之前到達公園門口嗎
考查介詞辨析。in 在......里; by在......之前;for為了;behind在......后面。短語 by noon表示“在中午前”，符合題意。故選B。
13. Few students could understand the sentence until it ______by Miss Chen.
A. explained B. was explained C. was explaining D. have explained
[答案]B
[詳解]句意:很少有學(xué)生能理解這個句子，直到陳老師解釋了它。
考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)“Few students could understand the sentence”可知句子時態(tài)為一般過去時，而主語it和謂語explain為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)為“was/were+done”，故選B。
14. --People, especially the young, ______by their friends.
--That's right. Friends play an important role in everyone's life.
A. easily influence B. is easily influenced C. are easily influenced
[答案]C
[詳解]句意:--人們，尤其是年輕人，很容易受到朋友的影響。--沒錯。朋友在每個人的生活中都扮演著重要的角色。
考查被動語態(tài)。分析句意可知，主語是動作的承受者，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，構(gòu)成為:be+動詞過去分詞:時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語“people”為集合名詞，be動詞用are。故選C。
15. Success in life doesn't happen ______. It depends on our hard work.
A. by ourselves B. by the way C. by accident D. by air
[答案]C
[詳解]句意:人生的成功并非偶然。這取決于我們的努力。
考查介詞短語辨析。by ourselves 獨自:by the way 順便一提:by accident偶然地;byair 乘飛機。由“Success in life doesn't happen .... It depends on our hard work”可知，此處說的是成功并非偶然。故選C。
16.- You skate so well. Who taught you I learned it by _____.
A. me B. mine C. myself
[答案]C
[詳解]句意:你劃得真好。誰教的你 --我自學(xué)的。
考查介詞和介詞短語。me我:mine我的(東西):myself我自己;by oneself“靠自己”，故選C.
17. In the past, people washed clothes _______.
A. by hand B. with hand C. by hands
[答案]A
[詳解]句意:過去，人們用手洗衣服。
考查介詞短語。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示過去人們用手洗衣服，by hand 意為“用手”，為固定搭配。故選 A。
18. Jeff goes to work _____and his wife goes to work ______.
A. by car; on bike B. by a car; on a bike
C. by car; on her bike D. by his car; in his bike
[答案]C
[詳解]句意:杰夫開車去上班，他的妻子騎自行車去上班。
考查介詞短語。by car“乘坐汽車”，排除B、D兩項;on a/one’s bike“騎自行車”，排除A項。故選C
二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空
1. I can do it by ______(I).
[答案]myself
【詳解]句意:我可以自己做它。I是人稱代詞，意為“我”，by oneself 意為“獨自，某人自己”;主語是I，反身代詞人稱與I一致，故填 myself。
2. We go to Beijing by_______(bus).
[答案]bus
[詳解]句意:我們乘公交車去北京。by表示通過某種方式，“乘公交車”by bus，中間不加任何冠詞。故填bus。
3. This work is finished by______(hand).
[答案]hand
[詳解]句意:這項工作是手工完成的。根據(jù)空前by可知，用by hand 手工。故填 hand。
4. I think you can improve your English by________(watch) English movies.
[答案]watching
[詳解]句意:我認為你可以通過看英語電影來提高你的英語水平。by 是介詞，后可接動名詞形式作賓語，by doing意為“通過某種方式”;watch 是動詞，意為“觀看”。故填 watching.
5. Water is changed into steam by _______(hot) and into ice by cold.
[答案]heat
[詳解]句意:水可以被加熱變成蒸汽，可以被凍成冰。介詞by意為“通過”，這里是想表達“通過熱量”，故填形容詞hot“熱的”的名詞形式“熱量”heat。故填 heat。
[真題鏈接]
1.(2022·遼寧盤錦·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Vincent sometimes sits ______the river and listens to music.
A. on B.by C. over D. under
[答案]B
[詳解]句意:Vincent有時坐在河邊，聽音樂。
考查介詞辨析。on 在......上面; by 在......旁邊;over在......上方;under在......下面。sit by the river 表示“坐在河邊”，因此空格處應(yīng)用介詞by。故選B。
2.(2021·貴州貴陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題)In order to protect the environment, many people choose to go to work ____ subway.
A.in B. on C. by
[答案]C
[詳解]句意:為了保護環(huán)境，許多人選擇乘地鐵上班。
考查介詞用法。in在...…里面; on在......上面;by后接交通工具，表示乘坐....。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里考查交通方式:“by+交通工具”或“in/on+冠詞+交通工具”，介詞短語:根據(jù)“subway”前面沒有冠詞和形容詞性物主代詞，可知此處為介詞短語by subway“坐地鐵”。故選C。
3.(2019·湖北·統(tǒng)考中考真題)--I never see Linda take a taxi to work.
--To live a low-carbon life, she always goes to work _____her bike instead of____taxi.
A. by;by B. on;by C. on;in
[答案]B
[詳解]句意:--我從來沒見琳達坐出租車上班。-為了低碳生活，她總是騎自行車上班，而不是乘出租車。
by 乘,“by +交通工具”表示乘坐...….;on 在......之上,on one's bike表示騎自行車;in在......里面，in one's car表示坐小汽車。分析句子，第一個空格應(yīng)用on，故排除A:第二個空格應(yīng)用 by.故選 B。
4.(2019·安徽·中考真題)On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel ____ the window.
A. by B. for C. with D. from
[答案]A
[詳解]句意:在晴朗的日子里，我的奶奶經(jīng)常在窗戶旁邊讀小說。by在...旁邊;通過...方式:for為了，因為:with 和...一起:用;from 來自...，從...。根據(jù)句意可知，這里考查短語by the window在窗戶旁邊，故應(yīng)選A。
5.(2018·黑龍江鶴崗·中考真題)_____convenient the way is! We can pay money_____ scanning QR codes(二維碼)in many shops.
A. How;for B. How; by C. What; by
[答案]B
[詳解]句意:這種方式多方便啊!我們可以在許多商店掃描二維碼來付錢。根據(jù)convenient the way is!可知這里考查了感嘆句，本句的中心詞是convenient，它是一個形容詞，根據(jù) How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!這里用how引導(dǎo)這個感嘆句,而We can pay money_scanning QR codes(二維碼)in many shops這里表示通過某種方式用介詞by。故選B.
6.(2018·廣西河池·統(tǒng)考中考真題)You can improve your English_____listening to English songs.
A. by B. with C.for D. in
[答案]A
【詳解]句意:你可以通過聽英文歌曲來提高英語水平?？疾榻樵~。A.by 通過,乘坐;B.with和，用，擁有;C.for 為了，給;D.in 在...里。短語 by doing sth.:通過某種方式做某事， by 是介詞，用來表示方法、手段、方式，意思是“憑借;靠:用;通過”，后接動詞-ing形式。結(jié)合句意可知選A。
7.(2018·山東青島·中考真題)More and more people in Qingdao go to work ______subway now.
A. with B. on C.in D. by
[答案]D
【詳解]句意:現(xiàn)在越來越多的青島人乘地鐵去上班。A.with 用; B.on 在-上:C. in 在--里: D.by乘;根據(jù)on/in+the+交通工具，by+交通工具;故選D
8.(2020·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題)By the time the teacher came, we _________cleaning the classroom.
A. finished B. have finished C. had finished
[答案]C
[詳解]句意:老師來的時候，我們已經(jīng)打掃完了教室。
考查過去完成時。A.finished 表一般過去時;B.have finished表現(xiàn)在完成時:C.had finished表過去完成時。根據(jù)英語語法，by the time引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句為一般過去時，主句應(yīng)用過去完成時，表示截止到從句動作發(fā)生時，主句動作已經(jīng)完成，即過去的過去。故選C。
9.(2019·上?！ぶ锌颊骖})By the end of last month, Jane_____enough money for the poor sick boy.
A. raised B. would raise C. had raised D. has raised
[答案]C
[詳解]句意:到上個月底，簡已經(jīng)為那個可憐的生病男孩籌到了足夠的錢。
A.raised 籌錢;B.would raise會籌錢;C.had raised 已經(jīng)籌錢;過去完成時:D.has raised已經(jīng)籌錢，現(xiàn)在完成時。根據(jù)時間狀語By the end of last month可知用過去完成時，其結(jié)構(gòu)是had done 的形式。根據(jù)題意，故選C。
10.(2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題)The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ______by people of all ages.
A. is loved B. was loved C. will love D. is loving
[答案]A
[詳解]句意:孫悟空是中國的一個傳統(tǒng)人物。它受到所有年齡段的人的喜愛。
考查被動語態(tài)及動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)“by”可知，此處是被動語態(tài)，指孫悟空被人們喜愛。本句陳述事實，故為一般現(xiàn)在時。故選A。
11.(2023·湖南懷化·統(tǒng)考中考真題)The cake_____by the hungry students quickly yesterday.
A. eats B. is eaten C.was eaten
[答案]C
[詳解]句意:昨天，那個蛋糕被饑餓的學(xué)生們很快吃完了。
考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)“yesterday”可知句子應(yīng)用一般過去時，主語The cake與動詞 eat 存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，因此句子應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，其謂語結(jié)構(gòu)為: was/were+過去分詞。故選C.
12.(2022·遼寧朝陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題)It’s said that tea______by accident about five thousand years ago.
A. was invented B. is invented C. will be invented D. were invented
[答案]A
[詳解]句意:據(jù)說茶是大約5000年前偶然發(fā)明的。
考查被動語態(tài)。分析句子可知tea 和invent之間是被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)“five thousand years ago.’可知句子應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài):was/were+done，且tea是不可數(shù)名詞，be動詞應(yīng)用 was，故選 A。
13.(2022·北京·統(tǒng)考中考真題)On our farm, the tea leaves ______by hand when they are ready.
A. pick B. picked C. are picked D. were picked
[答案]C
[詳解]句意:在我們的農(nóng)場，茶葉成熟時都是手工采摘的。
考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。主語“the tea leaves”是動作“pick”的承受者，時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故選C。
14.(2022·海南·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Few students could understand the sentence until it _____ by Miss Chen.
A. explained B. was explained C. was explaining
[答案]B
[詳解]句意:在陳老師解釋之前，有很少學(xué)生能理解這個句子。
考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)“could understand”可知句子時態(tài)是一般過去時，分析句子主語it和動詞 explain可知，它們是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故選B。
15.(2022·江蘇揚州·統(tǒng)考中考真題)-I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday.
Yes, it_______by our school green club to protect forests.
A. organizes B. organized C.was organized D. will be organized
[答案]C
[詳解]句意:--我聽說你上周日參加了森林清理活動。一是的。我們學(xué)校的環(huán)保俱樂部組織了這次活動來保護森林。
考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)“l(fā)ast Sunday”可知是過去的事，是一般過去時。主語“it”指的是“a forest clean-up activity”，和動詞之間是被動關(guān)系，表達“被組織”用一般過去時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)“was organized”。故選 C。
16.(2022·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Mary is a book lover. She could read by _____at the age of five.
A. herself B. himself C. themselves
[答案]A
[詳解]句意:瑪麗是個愛讀書的人。她五歲時就能自己讀書了。
考查反身代詞。herself她自己;himself他自己;themselves 他們自己。根據(jù) she 可知，此空應(yīng)填反身代詞herself,故選A。
17.(2022·福建·統(tǒng)考中考真題)As the art festival is coming, they are preparing everything by_____.
A. yourselves B. ourselves C. themselves
[答案]C
[詳解]句意:隨著藝術(shù)節(jié)的到來，他們正在自己準備一切。
考查反身代詞。yourselves你們自己:ourselves 我們自己;themselves 他們自己。根據(jù)“they”可知主語是第三人稱，反身代詞應(yīng)用themselves。故選C。
18.(2021·貴州畢節(jié)·統(tǒng)考中考真題)My grandma can use WeChat(微信).She learns it all by______.
A. she B. herself C. her D. hers
[答案]B
[詳解]句意:我奶奶會用微信。她全是自學(xué)的。
考查反身代詞。she 她，人稱代詞主格:herself她自己，反身代詞;her她，人稱代詞賓格/她的，形容詞性物主代詞;hers她的，名詞性物主代詞。by oneself獨自，用反身代詞，故選B。
19.(2022·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題)I'll go to senior high school soon. I can't believe how fast the time_____!
A. went on B. went off C. went by
[答案]C
[詳解]句意:我很快就要上高中了。我不敢相信時間過得這么快!
考查動詞短語辨析。went on 繼續(xù):went off 離開: went by時間逝去。根據(jù)“I can't believe how fast the time”可知，此處指時間過得太快，故選C。
20.(2022·四川自貢·統(tǒng)考中考真題)--How can we save electricity in daily life By _____the lights when we leave a room, for example.
A.turning off B.putting off C. taking off
[答案]A
[詳解]句意:日常生活中如何省電 -例如，當我們離開房間時關(guān)燈?？疾閯釉~短語。turning off 關(guān)閉;putting off 推遲;taking off起飛。根據(jù)“the lights”可知為了省電，在離開房間時要關(guān)燈。故選A。
21.(2019·四川宜賓·中考真題)Oh, _______, if you see Lucy, tell her that I enjoy her Chinese paintings.
A. in fact B. by the way C.in other words
[答案]B
[詳解]句意:哦，順便說一下，如果你看到Lucy，告訴她我非常欣賞她的中國畫。
in fact 事實上，實際上;by the way順便說一下;順便問一下;in other words換句話說。根據(jù)語境可知，這里是順便提到的事情，故應(yīng)選B。
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