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(共200張PPT)
第一部分 復習講義
板塊一 閱讀
第二講　細品文，
三大考點破難題
專題二　閱讀七選五
類型1　段首主旨句
【典例】(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)
39 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour．You'll compete with fewer tourists，save money，experience a different side of a popular place，and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower．
考點一
段首設空題
A．Visit during off-peak times．
B．So，should we stop traveling
C．Travel for you and no one else．
D．Can overtourism be avoided then
√
解題分析：
Step 1　觀察句式特征，厘清段落大意
根據文章特征可知，段首主題句應填祈使句。再根據本段中的“skipping major holidays or rush hour”可知，本段強調錯峰出行。
Step 2　分析所給選項，確定正確答案
根據主題句是祈使句，正確選項范圍為A、C項，根據關鍵信息錯峰出行，可判斷出正確答案。
【圖解技巧】
類型2　段落過渡句
【典例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Parisians are different from you and me．They never look lazy or untidy．As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago，they eat great food and never gain weight．38．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy．French strawberries do not taste like cardboard．Instead，they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs．
39 On our first morning in Paris，I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries．I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon．My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten．But they cost $18!
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers．
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do．
F．Our aim was to see if we could live，in some way，like real Parisians．
G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy．
√
解題分析：
Step 1　研讀上一段內容，尤其是結尾內容
根據上文內容可知，設空處的上一段介紹了法國人吃得少的一個原因是他們的食物很美味。
Step 2　看所選答案，是否能使上下段落在內容和邏輯上連貫
本段繼續說法國人吃得少的另一個原因，即水果價格昂貴。因此設空處應起承上啟下作用。
【圖解技巧】
類型1　根據總分關系確定答案
【典例】(2023·全國乙卷)
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“ 38 ．I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood．” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity，focus and memory．There is
考點二
段中設空題
also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide．They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking．39．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best．
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
√
解題分析：根據本段小標題和本段內容可知，本段主要講述了室內種植綠植有許多好處，此處引用Will Spoelstra的話總結全段，引出下文論述種植綠植的好處，形成總—分結構。
【圖解技巧】
類型2　根據解釋關系確定答案
【典例】(2023·浙江1月卷)
Bring a blanket．When you're riding on trains，you won't be provided with a blanket for free，even if your trip is an overnight one． 38 In the summer in particular，the air conditioning can make them quite cold．
A．Train trips aren't for impatient types．
B．You'll have views from both sides of the train．
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control．
D．That's particularly true during busy summer months．
√
解題分析：根據空后一句中的in particular可以看出，這句話是對設空處的進一步解釋。C項和空后的句子“In the summer in particular，the air conditioning can make them quite cold．”在邏輯上相吻合。
【圖解技巧】
類型3　根據例證關系確定答案
【典例】(2023·全國甲卷)
·Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (滿足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time，but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run．And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice． 38 ．Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake．You'll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more annoying situations．
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
√
解題分析：根據本空前的“the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice”可知，設空處講到的應該是如何練習?？崭窈蟮摹癙ut off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake．”則進一步列舉了生活中可以嘗試的小事。B項承上啟下，并且能與下文形成例證關系。
【圖解技巧】
類型4　根據轉折關系確定答案
【典例】(2023·全國乙卷)
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants，also known as houseplants or pot plants，are plants that like to grow indoors．Many of these species (物種) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK，especially in the winter． 37 ．
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
√
解題分析：設空前的句子表否定，認為很多植物不適合在英國戶外種植，尤其是冬天；D項跟前句形成對比關系，表達相反的情況：grow better inside、 warmer和Instead表轉折，可以承接前句。
【圖解技巧】
類型5　根據因果關系確定答案
【典例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris． 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard．It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway．
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do．
F．Our aim was to see if we could live，in some way，like real Parisians．
G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy．
√
解題分析：根據空后的“So”可知，設空處與空后一句之間構成因果關系。故F項是作者和丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。
【圖解技巧】
類型6　根據遞進關系確定答案
【典例】(2023·全國甲卷)
·Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits：Research shows it makes us happier，less stressed and even more optimistic． 37 ．“Showing thankfulness can foster self-control，” said Ye Li，researcher at the University of California．
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
√
解題分析：本段第一句講到了感恩有很多好處，設空前列舉了一些好處“it makes us happier，less stressed and even more optimistic”，因此設空處講到的應該還是感恩的好處，且涉及主題“耐心”，故E項符合語境，且E項中的“also”與上句形成了遞進關系。
【圖解技巧】
類型7　根據并列關系確定答案
【典例】(2022·新課標Ⅰ卷)
So，how do you find a workout partner
First of all，decide what you want from that person． 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit，able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner．
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward．
B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by．
C．You'll work harder if you train with someone else．
D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
√
解題分析：選段第一段提到關于如何找到一個健身伙伴，第二段提到首先要決定你想要從那個人那里得到什么。根據空后一句“Or do you just want to be physically fit ...？”可知，設空處與后一句之間是并列關系，設空處也應是一般疑問句，是對本段首句的進一步解釋。
【圖解技巧】
類型1　主題句或總結句
【典例】(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)
·Choose mindfully．Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason：they're special．With so many online posts featuring the same places，it's easy to feel like you're missing out．Go somewhere only when the landscape，culture or food deeply draws you． 37 .
A．Visit during off-peak times．
B．So，should we stop traveling
C．Travel for you and no one else．
D．Can overtourism be avoided then
考點三
段尾設空題
√
解題分析：
Step 1　厘清段落大意
根據本段首句可知，本段建議人們要謹慎選擇旅行地點。
Step 2　弄懂前文含義
根據空格處前“Go somewhere only when the landscape，culture or food deeply draws you．”可知，旅行地的選擇應基于個人的真實興趣，與他人無關。
【圖解技巧】
√
類型2　補充信息句
【典例】(2024·全國甲卷)
Eat with others whenever possible．Eating alone，specially in front of the TV or computer，often leads to mindless overeating．And be careful about the foods you keep at hand．It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready，like cookies． 38 .
E．Instead，surround yourself with healthy choices．
F．For many of us，moderation means eating less than we do now．
G．That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan．
解題分析：
Step 1　弄懂前文含義
前文提到，在電腦或電視前獨自進食容易導致無意識的暴飲暴食，建議謹慎選擇隨手可得的食物。
Step 2　分析邏輯關系
前文提到“unhealthy snacks”，所以后文應提供避免暴飲暴食的建議才符合邏輯。
【圖解技巧】
類型3　段落過渡句
【典例】(2023·全國甲卷)
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle：What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer： 36 ．
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
√
解題分析：
Step 1　瞻前顧后找啟示
根據空前的“There's one answer”可知，本空要回答前面的問題“What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？”。
Step 2　根據關鍵詞定答案
同時，根據文章標題關鍵詞“Patient”和常識可知，本句同樣需要引出下文對如何多些耐心的討論。
【圖解技巧】
隨堂演練促遷移
Passage 1
(2024·山東青島三模)
Feeling guilty about your daily afternoon nap (小睡) Don't．Research shows that catching a few ZZZs after lunch can be good for your brain． 1 .
Napping for 30 to 90 minutes can provide significant brain benefits．Researchers looked at data from 2，974 adults in China．They discovered that those who napped for 30 to 90 minutes had better word recall and figure drawing abilities than those who didn't nap or napped for longer than 90 minutes．However，longer naps，particularly those longer than 90 minutes，might cause problems． 2 It in turn leads to needing longer naps during the day，which can cause mental issues，feeling dizzy after waking，and trouble sleeping at night．
Charlene Gamaldo，M．D．，medical director of the Johns Hopkins Sleep Disorders Center，emphasizes the importance of considering individual sleep needs and cycles when it comes to napping． 3 She advises that if you're experiencing sleeplessness or taking longer than 30 minutes to fall asleep at night，it might be wise to limit your nap duration．This balance is crucial for maintaining overall sleep quality．
The study also suggests that both too much and too little sleep can be linked to poor health and a shorter life． 4 For most of us，the ideal nap length can have a significant positive impact on brain health and overall well-being．
5 So，enjoy your afternoon nap，but keep it within the golden time range to get the most benefits．
A．It symbolizes a good memory．
B．Resting more during the day is restorative．
C．Therefore，it's essential to get the right quantity．
D．But keep in mind that the length of your nap matters．
E．One reason is that they suggest poor quality in night-time sleep．
F．A well-timed nap helps maintain thinking skills and good health．
G．While napping is beneficial，it should not disturb night-time sleep．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了研究表明，午飯后小睡一會兒對大腦大有好處。
1．D　[根據上文“Research shows that catching a few ZZZs after lunch can be good for your brain．”和下文“Napping for 30 to 90 minutes can provide significant brain benefits．”可知，上文提到午飯后小睡的好處，下文提到睡眠的時間有要求，空處和上文形成轉折關系，并且與睡眠時長有關。故選D。]
2．E　[根據上文“However，longer naps，particularly those longer than 90 minutes，might cause problems．”可知，空處需要解釋過長時間的午睡可能帶來的具體問題。E項解釋了過長時間的午睡可能意味著夜間睡眠質量不佳，進而可能導致其他問題。]
3．G　[根據上文“Charlene Gamaldo，M．D．，medical director of the Johns Hopkins Sleep Disorders Center，emphasizes the importance of considering individual sleep needs and cycles when it comes to napping．”可知，空處承接上文，需要解釋為什么考慮個人睡眠需求和周期是重要的。G項符合語境。]
4．C　[根據上文“The study also suggests that both too much and too little sleep can be linked to poor health and a shorter life．”可知，空處和上文形成因果關系，說明獲取適量睡眠時間的重要性。C項符合語境。]
5．F　[根據下文“So，enjoy your afternoon nap，but keep it within the golden time range to get the most benefits．”可知，本段主要說明了適時小睡的好處。F項符合語境。]
Passage 2
(2024·江蘇南通三模)
Overcoming barriers to exercising
If you're having trouble beginning an exercise plan or following through，you're not alone．Detailed exercise instructions and workout plans are just a click away．But knowing how and why to exercise was far from enough．Making exercise a habit takes more． 1 0
While practical concerns like a busy schedule or poor health can make exercise more challenging，for most of us，the biggest barriers are mental．Maybe it's a lack of self-confidence that keeps you from taking positive steps． 2 We've all been there at some point．There are steps you can take to make exercise more fun and active．
You don't have to spend hours in a gym or force yourself into dull or painful activities to experience the physical and mental benefits of exercise． 3 In fact，adding just modest amounts of physical activity to your weekly routine can have a profound effect on your mental and emotional health．
Research shows that self-sympathy increases the likelihood that you'll succeed in any attempt．So，don't blame yourself too much for your current fitness level． 4 Instead，look at your past mistakes as opportunities to learn and grow．
5 Try not to be discouraged by what you can't accomplish or how far you have to go to reach your fitness goals．Instead，focus on consistency．While the improvements in mood and energy levels may happen quickly，the physical payoff will come in time．
A．Maybe your passion dies down．
B．A little exercise is better than nothing．
C．Expecting too much only leads to frustration．
D．You know there are great reasons to exercise．
E．All that will do is cause you to lose motivation．
F．You need the right mindset and a smart approach．
G．Many of us are struggling to get into the motionless state．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了如何克服鍛煉障礙。
1．F　[根據上文“But knowing how and why to exercise was far from enough．Making exercise a habit takes more．”可知，上文提到知道如何以及為什么要鍛煉是遠遠不夠的，要使鍛煉成為一種習慣需要更多。故F項“You need the right mindset and a smart approach．(你需要正確的心態和聰明的方法。)”符合語境。故選F。]
2．A　[根據上文“Maybe it's a lack of self-confidence that keeps you from taking positive steps．”可知，上文提到可能是缺乏自信阻止了你邁出積極的步伐。故A項“Maybe your passion dies down．(也許你的激情消退了。)”與上文構成并列關系，符合語境。故選A。]
3．B　[根據上文“You don't have to spend hours in a gym or force yourself into dull or painful activities to experience the physical and mental benefits of exercise．”可知，上文提到不必花費數小時在健身房或強迫自己進行無聊或痛苦的活動來體驗鍛煉帶來的身心益處。故B項“A little exercise is better than nothing．(一點鍛煉總比沒有強。)”，正好符合這一觀點，進一步強調了即使是少量的鍛煉也能帶來益處，符合語境。故選B。]
4．E　[根據上文“So，don't blame yourself too much for your current fitness level．”和下文“Instead，look at your past mistakes as opportunities to learn and grow．”可知，E項“All that will do is cause you to lose motivation．(那只會讓你失去動力。)”，正好符合這一邏輯，與后文形成對比，符合語境。故選E。]
5．C　[根據下文“Try not to be discouraged by what you can't accomplish or how far you have to go to reach your fitness goals．”可知，下文提到“不要被不能完成的事情或達到健身目標還有多遠所困擾”。故C項“Expecting too much only leads to frustration．(期望過高只會帶來挫敗感。)”符合語境。故選C。]
針對性訓練16　閱讀七選五——小標題
Passage 1
(2024·安徽滁州二模)
How to overcome gym anxiety
Here are some practical tips to help you overcome anxiety in the gym and create a positive，empowering experience for yourself．
Set realistic expectations
The first step in overcoming gym anxiety is to set realistic expectations．
Understand that everyone starts somewhere and that the gym is a place for personal growth and improvement． 1 ．Every individual in the gym is on their own unique fitness journey．
Plan ahead and familiarise yourself
2 ．Before heading to the gym，plan your workout routine and familiarise yourself with the equipment you intend to use．Research exercise techniques and watch instructional videos to gain confidence and knowledge．By doing so，you'll enter the gym with a sense of purpose and direction．
Start slowly and gradually
Ease into your gym routine by starting with exercises and machines you are comfortable with． 3 ．Taking small steps will not only help you build physical strength but also improve your mental resilience (韌性)，empowering you to tackle new challenges．
4 0
Having a gym partner can provide huge support and motivation．Consider finding a friend who shares your fitness goals or seeking guidance from a personal trainer．A supportive companion or an expert can provide guidance，encourage you during workouts，and help remove anxiety by offering tips and feedback．
Practice mindfulness techniques
Mindfulness exercises can be powerful tools to fight anxiety in any setting，including the gym． 5 ．Focusing on your breath and being present in the moment can help calm your mind and remove anxiety．Additionally，practicing mindfulness during your workout can enhance your mind-body connection，allowing you to fully involve yourself in the experience．
A．Find a gym partner or seek professional help
B．Fight gym anxiety and unlock your true potential
C．Remind yourself that progress certainly takes time
D．Feeling prepared can significantly reduce anxiety levels
E．Stepping foot inside a gym can cause feelings of anxiety
F．Prior to your workout，take minutes to engage in deep breathing or thinking
G．Gradually introduce new exercises or equipment as you become more confident
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹的是如何克服健身房焦慮。
1．C　[根據本段小標題“Set realistic expectations”以及空前“Understand that everyone starts somewhere and that the gym is a place for personal growth and improvement．”可知，此處建議每個人必須要設定切實可行的期望，并且要明白每個人都是從某個地方開始的，并不是一蹴而就的。C項符合語境，指出要時刻提醒自己進步是需要時間的，需要設定切實可行的期望，符合語境。]
2．D　[根據本段小標題“Plan ahead and familiarise yourself”以及空后“Before heading to the gym，plan your workout routine and familiarise yourself with the equipment you intend to use．”可知，本段主要強調的是去健身房之前要好好計劃并且做準備。D項指出做好健身準備是可以顯著降低焦慮程度的，引起下文，同時與本段主旨呼應，符合語境。]
3．G　[根據空前“Ease into your gym routine by starting with exercises and machines you are comfortable with．”可知，此處強調緩慢并且逐漸地開始自己的健身計劃——從你喜歡的運動和器械開始。后文應該強調接下來的健身過程。G項承接前文，指出在原有的健身基礎上，當自己變得自信時，逐漸引入新的運動或設備，符合語境。]
4．A　[本題考查該段的主旨。根據后文“Having a gym partner can provide huge support and motivation．”以及“A supportive companion or an expert can provide guidance，encourage you during workouts，and help remove anxiety by offering tips and feedback．”可知，本段強調的是尋找一個健身伙伴和健身過程中尋求專業幫助的重要性。A項能概括本段主要內容，符合本段主旨。]
5．F　[根據空前“Mindfulness exercises can be powerful tools to fight anxiety in any setting，including the gym．”以及空后“Focusing on your breath and being present in the moment can help calm your mind and remove anxiety．”可知，此處提出“正念練習”并對其作用進行闡述。F項中的“花幾分鐘進行深呼吸或思考”承接前文的“正念練習”，并且與后文“專注呼吸”形成呼應，符合語境。]
Passage 2
(2024·山東泰安三模)
Tips for Planning a Nature Walk with Your Child
When it comes to planning a nature walk，the key tip to keep in mind is to have fun with it! 1 If children are given the opportunity to experience nature，even in simple ways，interaction and engagement follow quite naturally．
Let your children get dirty
If your little one is anxious to crawl (爬) in the dirt to get a better look at worms，then go for it! 2 Research suggests that kids who play the dirt are exposed to bacteria，germs and viruses that can help build their immune(免疫) system and reduce the risks of certain allergies and illnesses later in life．
3 0
Encourage them to stop to turn over rocks，touch moss，and when they can，climb on and over rocks and fallen trees．Whatever the environment，which you assess for any unreasonable danger，the children can set the pace—stimulating confidence，flexibility，problem-solving，creativity，and a sense of wonder．
Get creative
4 Davis suggests pretending play，such as using a stick as a sword or magic wand，or making up stories about the items found during your walk．Your findings also work great for an art project．“Collecting rocks while on your nature walk can later be painted and re-purposed as beautiful works of art，” says Davis．
Let older children be more adventurous
For the older kids，it's all about making a deeper connection with the world around them．With older kids，you can encourage them to connect with nature on a deeper level by exploring their senses． 5 0
A．Assess environment
B．Have your children lead the way
C．Nature is perfect for a child's creativity．
D．Nature walks don't have to be complicated．
E．Dirt might get a bad reputation，but it shouldn't．
F．Give them the freedom to play in their own ways．
G．Try having them walk barefoot on different surfaces．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章就與孩子一起在大自然中散步的計劃給出了幾點建議。
1．D　[空后“If children are given the opportunity to experience nature，even in simple ways，interaction and engagement follow quite naturally．”談到，如果給予孩子探索自然的機會，即便是簡單的方式，孩子也會自然地互動和參與進來，據此可以推斷出此處應該談到在大自然中散步是一件并不復雜的事情，D項符合語境，故選D。]
2．E　[根據空前“If your little one is anxious to crawl in the dirt to get a better look at worms，then go for it！”和空后“Research suggests...illnesses later in life．”可知，此處與dirt有關，結合后文談到的好處可以推斷出與dirt的優缺點有關，E項符合語境。]
3．B　[根據本段內容可知，本段談到鼓勵孩子們多跟大自然接觸，去體驗不同的環境，家長在確保環境安全的前提下，讓孩子確定與大自然接觸的節奏，B項符合本段主旨。]
4．C　[根據本段小標題“Get creative”可知，本段與創造力有關，結合本段末句可知，C項符合本段主旨。]
5．G　[結合本段小標題“Let older children be more adventurous”可知，本段主題是“讓大一點的孩子更有冒險精神”，空前“With older kids，you can encourage them to connect with nature on a deeper level by exploring their senses．”提到通過探索感官來更深入地與大自然建立聯系，G項是具體的方法。]
Passage 3
(2024·云南昆明三模)
Simple Yet Amazing Ways to Be Wiser
Wisdom is a wonderful fruit of experience，knowledge and good judgement，which actually allows us to conquer the demands of today's difficult and challenging world． 1 ．Here are some strategies that you can follow to get wiser．
·Never back away from learning
2 ， so you must develop a thirst for knowledge．Take new classes，read books，listen to educational podcasts，and the list goes on and on．If something confuses you，surf the Internet and clear out your problems．All of these activities will strengthen your critical-thinking skills，finally helping you tackle a problem smoothly．
· 3 .
Why not have wise people，such as your teachers and colleagues as your mentors(導師) to make yourself better Engage in useful dialog with them．The more time you spend with them，the more transfer of knowledge there will be．Be immersed in their knowledge as much as you can，and you won't regret it!
·Open yourself to diverse angles
Be willing to accept different views and observe the world from different angles．Never base your perspective on the most popular opinion or what is the most familiar to you． 4 ．
·Always trust your gut(直覺)
People who tend to listen to their hearts are good at making decisions than people who only listen to their minds． 5 ， but gut also counts and people mostly ignore that．Whenever a certain situation occurs，check how you react and then go with your gut．
A．Call upon the wisdom of others
B．Share your knowledge with others
C．It also calms us down in terrible situations
D．We often think that wisdom is associated with the heart
E．Inspire humanity and see your life change for the better
F．Train your mind to be a judgment-free space for various ideas
G．Always being in your comfort zone will never help you gain wisdom
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了讓你變得更聰明的幾個簡單而神奇的方法。
1．C　[根據空前“Wisdom is a wonderful fruit of experience，knowledge and good judgement，which actually allows us to conquer the demands of today's difficult and challenging world．”可知，選項承接上文繼續說明智慧給作者帶來的益處。故C項切題。]
2．G　[根據小標題“Never back away from learning”以及空后“so you must develop a thirst for knowledge”可知，選項與下文為因果關系，說明總是在舒適區使我們無法獲得智慧，所以要培養對知識的渴望。故G項切題。]
3．A　[本題考查段落小標題。根據下文“Why not have wise people...knowledge there will be．”可知，本段主要講借鑒他人的智慧。故A項適合作為本段的小標題。]
4．F　[根據小標題“Open yourself to diverse angles”以及“Be willing to ...what is the most familiar to you．”可知，設空處總結本段內容，說明要接受各種想法。故F項切題。]
5．D　[根據空后“but gut also counts and people mostly ignore that”可知，設空處與下文為轉折關系，說明其他人的一些普遍看法。故D項切題。]
Passage 4
(2024·廣東梅州二模)
Public Speaking
It can be stressful to deliver a speech in front of people．What do you say How do you catch people's attention What do you do if you mess up 1 You can use the following basics about the art of public speaking to help you overcome these challenges and be a good speaker．
Point everything back to the central idea
Before you begin your speech，figure out your core message． 2 It makes it easier to decide what to say and it helps you make every other decision，from the structure to the specific stories and concrete images that you include．
3 。
To make your presentation memorable，you can try using “sticky stories” in your speeches — honest，vivid anecdotes (逸聞) with details that engage the senses of sight，sound，smell，taste and touch．People remember stories and images．
Practice in front of people
Practicing your speech can ease feelings of nervousness and help you adjust your presentation．Ask a friend or a family member to listen to you as you practice．You can also take a voice memo with your phone and play it back to yourself． 4 .
Slow down and start again
If something unexpected happens in the moment — say you stumble (結巴) or lose your place — pause or slow down．Take a deep breath and go back to the beginning of a sentence or restate the word you stumbled on．And don't worry，people don't notice those pauses as much as you think they do． 5 The point is to set yourself up for success，not perfection．
A．Avoid big words and long sentences
B．Use vivid imagery and storytelling
C．These problems will drive you mad．
D．Even if someone does notice，that's OK，too．
E．Then make sure all the ideas in your speech point back to it．
F．There's also a chance to practice short speeches on important topics．
G．By doing so，you can get supportive feedback to improve your speech．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了關于公共演講藝術的基本知識，以此來幫助讀者克服演講的困難，成為一名優秀的演講者。
1．C　[根據前文“It can be stressful to deliver a speech in front of people．What do you say How do you catch people's attention What do you do if you mess up？”可知，此處是指前文中提到的這些問題讓人苦惱，所以選項C切合文意，These problems指代上文列舉的問題。]
2．E　[根據小標題“Point everything back to the central idea”和空前“Before you begin your speech，figure out your core message．”可知，在開始演講之前，弄清楚演講的核心信息，演講中的所有內容都要指向中心思想；E項承接上文，指出讓演講中的所有觀點都指向演講的核心，符合語境，選項中的“it”指代前文中提到的“core message”。 ]
3．B　[根據后文可知，本段主要闡述要在演講中使用生動的故事和圖像敘述；所以選項B能夠概括本段主旨，適合作為小標題。]
4．G　[根據前文“Ask a friend or a family member to listen to you as you practice．You can also take a voice memo with your phone and play it back to yourself．”可知，此處是指按照前文這樣做可以得到好的反饋，以此完善自己的演講技巧，所以選項G切合文意。]
5．D　[根據空前“And don't worry，people don't notice those pauses as much as you think they do．”和空后“The point is to set yourself up for success，not perfection．”可知，此處是指即使有人注意到了你的停頓也沒關系，所以選項D切合文意。]
針對性訓練17　閱讀七選五——段首設空題
Passage 1
(2024·廣東汕頭二模)
Art Appreciation
Art appreciation is an often overlooked skill．It's more than simply looking at a piece of art and judging it based on what we see．It requires us to look deeper，beyond the surface into the artist's intention． 1 The following tips would help you achieve it．
The first step is to prepare yourself mentally．Before you begin viewing any artwork，take moments to clear your mind of what a piece you think should look like． 2 That's because an artist can present a unique visual experience by combining line，shape，form，color and space creatively．
Besides，examine the artwork closely．Take note of its elements mentioned above．Consider how these elements work together to convey meaning or emotion in the piece．Notice how the work makes you feel． 3 What can I see What is the artwork saying What feelings does it arouse in me
4 Information about the artist and when the artwork was created can help you uncover the deeper symbolism present in the work that may not be immediately evident．Art is often used as a tool for social change．To appreciate art，it's important to understand the context where it was created．The context behind a piece can be found through research and analysis．
Last but not least，sharing opinions on art also helps．Try discussing your thoughts on artwork with friends or family who may have different opinions．Taking the diverse understanding into consideration，you can approach viewing artwork from different viewpoints．As a result，you can gain a new appreciation every time you look at it． 5 .
A．Relevant research counts as well．
B．Engage all your senses and ask yourself questions．
C．The process can bring you a fun and educational trip．
D．Leave your feelings aside and check out the questions．
E．To sum up，communication can also do good to your art appreciation．
F．With the previous ideas，you can get well prepared for the appreciation．
G．This will help you open up to different perspectives when exploring the work．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何欣賞藝術。
1．C　[根據上文“Art appreciation is an often overlooked skill．It's more than simply looking at a piece of art and judging it based on what we see．It requires us to look deeper，beyond the surface into the artist's intention．”可知，上文提到欣賞藝術要求我們透過表面深入觀察藝術家的意圖，本句承接上文，說明欣賞藝術所帶來的好處。C選項符合語境，故選C。]
2．G　[根據上文“The first step is to prepare yourself mentally．Before you begin viewing any artwork，take moments to clear your mind of what a piece you think should look like．”可知，本句承接上文，說明“花點時間清理一下你認為一件作品應該是什么樣子的”做法的原因。G選項符合語境，故選G。]
3．B　[根據后文“What can I see What is the artwork saying What feelings does it arouse in me？”可知，后文主要列舉了一些需要反思的問題。B選項符合語境，故選B。]
4．A　[本題是本段的主旨句。根據后文內容可知，本段主要說明了研究藝術背后的創作背景。A選項符合語境，故選A。]
5．E　[根據上文“Last but not least...look at it．”可知，本句需承接上文，說明交流對于欣賞藝術帶來的好處。E選項符合語境，故選E。]
Passage 2
(2024·湖南岳陽二模)
Anger is the most destructive emotion．When in a temper，you make hasty ill-considered decisions that you will probably regret．You will also regret language spoken without thought．How to stop being angry 1 .
Change your attitude to the way the world works．You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong and that people are not always lovely． 2 Also，you need to accept that not everyone has the same standards as you，nor will they behave in the same way that you would in a given situation．The answer is to be a bit more flexible and loosen your hold on life．
Don't dismiss anger as a bad emotion．There are occasions when anger can be directed in such a way as to achieve great things．Martin Luther King was angry about the lack of civil rights in the USA．Gandhi was angry about British domination in India． 3 Use anger to help you not prevent you．
4 Anger management used to be promoted as a way of dealing with anger，but all that happens is that the anger is held back．A much better way of facing up to anger is to identify the root cause．When trying to get to the root cause，be prepared to be honest with yourself．Once you know why you get mad，it is possible to deal with the cause．Take positive steps to help you overcome feelings of anger．
5 Make changes to your lifestyle and attitudes，and you will stop being angry．
A．Stop trying to manage your anger．
B．Try to control it when you get angry．
C．Here are ways that you can counter the causes of anger．
D．Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry．
E．In conclusion，you must recognize that anger is something you can control．
F．They both used anger to motivate themselves to fight against what they saw as injustice．
G．Try to accept that other people do behave in ways that will make you frustrated and angry．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾個幫助控制情緒，不發脾氣的方法。
1．C　[根據上文“How to stop being angry？”和下文中三個段落中心句可知，本文是在提出克服憤怒的方法。C項符合語境。]
2．G　[根據上文“Change your attitude to the way the world works．You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong and that people are not always lovely．”可知，改變自己的態度，接受別人不同的行為方式可以避免讓自己生氣。G項符合語境。]
3．F　[根據上文“There are occasions...Gandhi was angry about British domination in India．”可知，Martin Luther King 和 Gandhi 是兩個來證明“...anger can be directed in such a way as to achieve great things．”的例子，F項中的“They both”指代兩人。F項符合語境。]
4．A　[根據下文“Anger management used to be promoted as a way of dealing with anger，but all that happens is that the anger is held back．”可知，作者不贊成控制憤怒。A項符合語境。]
5．E　[下文“Make changes to your lifestyle and attitudes，and you will stop being angry．”是對上文方法和帶來的結果的描述，推斷這是一個總結段。E項符合語境。]
Passage 3
(2024·福建漳州三模)
It's summer．You're on your favourite beach towel，a friend beside you．You're both absorbed in books，occasionally taking sips of water．But what happens when it's time to head home Will you carry on reading together later Generally speaking，reading tends to be seen as a solitary (孤獨的) pastime． 1 However，the benefits of sharing the experience are numerous and worth sticking with throughout the year．
2 For example，you don't have to brainstorm to organize a conversation，because you both have a book in your hands．You can get lost in your book without worrying about seeming rude by not keeping up a constant stream of chatter．As you both enter the same state，your blood pressure will go down，muscle tension will ease，and your worries will fade away．All these put you at ease． 3 A quiet corner of the playground，a blanket spread out on the grass in the garden，or any calm space where you feel relaxed will do．
Spending time together reading can strengthen friendships．As you turn the pages，you might discover interesting facts to pass a long or funny anecdote to giggle (咯咯笑) over．Sometimes，you'll come across more serious themes，such as losing a loved one or a cherished pet，or facing any one of life's many challenges． 4 .
Reading fiction has been shown to enhance empathy (同理心)，which is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another．As you know，novels allow us to live countless experiences through their characters，which will result in heightened sensitivity． 5 For example，a person's empathetic response increases as he emerges from being immersed in a story．
A．Reading with others is comforting in many ways．
B．And this sensitivity can lead to an immediate impact．
C．Reading can surely bring the joy of relaxation to people．
D．Besides，you don't need to find a specific place to get into this zone．
E．So it might seem unusual to pull out a novel in the company of others．
F．Reading in pair may help you and your friend stay more committed to reading．
G．Discussing these themes can help deepen the bond between you and your friend．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了共同閱讀的好處。
1．E　[上文“Will you carry on reading together later Generally speaking，reading tends to be seen as a solitary pastime．”說閱讀往往被視為一種孤獨的消遣，說明共同閱讀不常見；下文“However，the benefits of sharing the experience are numerous and worth sticking with throughout the year．”說這種共同閱讀的經歷好處多多，設空處內容應與“共同閱讀不常見”相關，與下文也形成轉折，表明共同閱讀雖不常見，但好處多多，E項切合語境。]
2．A　[下文“For example，you don't have to brainstorm to organize a conversation...All these put you at ease．”列舉了共同閱讀的多種好處，A項引出下文，A項中的“is comforting in many ways”能夠概括本段中提到的多種好處。]
3．D　[根據下文“A quiet corner of the playground，a blanket spread out on the grass in the garden，or any calm space where you feel relaxed will do．”可知，共同閱讀并不限制場地，一個安靜的地方就行，D選項能引起下文的例子。]
4．G　[根據上文“Spending time together reading can strengthen friendships．”可知，共同閱讀可以加強友誼；再結合上文“Sometimes，you'll come across more serious themes，such as losing a loved one or a cherished pet，or facing any one of life's many challenges．”可知，該空應該講共同閱讀這些主題會對加強友誼所起到的積極作用，G項符合語境。]
5．B　[上文“As you know，novels allow us to live countless experiences through their characters，which will result in heightened sensitivity．”提到了閱讀小說將提高我們的敏感度，下文“For example，a person's empathetic response increases as he emerges from being immersed in a story．”講了高敏感度產生的影響：沉浸在故事中時人的移情反應會增加，B項符合語境。]
Passage 4
(2024·廣東廣州一模)
Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique．It involves explaining what you're learning to others．By teaching what you've learned from memory，you engage in active recall． 1 It also ensures that you understand the topic，because you can only explain an idea if you truly understand it．The technique consists of four repeatable steps．
To begin，choose a concept or topic you wish to fully understand． 2 The more interested you are，the faster you'll grasp it．Moreover，a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged．
3 Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old．If you'd rather avoid actually teaching someone，you can just teach it to an imaginary audience．But it works much better if you use a real person．They'll be able to let you know when something isn't clear．
While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding． 4 .
Review your notes，reread books，or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward．
Now that you fully grasp the concept，test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person．This will help you identify any remaining areas of uncertainty you need to revisit．
The Feynman Technique is a great way for kids and grown-ups to learn． 5 You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else．However，with great efforts in mastering this method，you'll see your learning results improve quicker than ever before．
A．It is mentally demanding．
B．This helps the information stick in your mind better．
C．Teach it to a five-year-old，who would give you direct feedback．
D．Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning．
E．Once you have chosen a topic，you can teach it to someone else．
F．Active engagement plays a key role in promoting deeper learning．
G．When this happens，refer back to the original material for the missing pieces．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了物理學家、諾貝爾獎得主理查德·費曼發明的被稱為費曼技巧的一種聰明的學習方法。
1．B　[根據上文“Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman ...you engage in active recall．”可知，本空要說跟“這種學習方法的好處”有關的話題，故B選項能承接上文，符合題意。]
2．D　[根據下文“The more interested you are，the faster you'll grasp it．Moreover，a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged．”可知，本空要說跟“感興趣和學習的關系”有關的話題，故D選項能引起下文，符合題意。]
3．E　[根據下文“Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old...just teach it to an imaginary audience．”可知，本空要說跟“教給別人”有關的話題，故E項能引起下文，符合題意。]
4．G　[根據上文“While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding．”可知，本空要說跟“出現這種情況的解決辦法”有關的話題，根據后文“Review your notes，reread books，or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward．”可知，出現這種情況的解決辦法是回顧筆記，故G項能承上啟下，符合題意。]
5．A　[根據下文“You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else．”可知，積極地思考問題對精神要求很高，故A項能引起下文，符合題意。]
針對性訓練18　閱讀七選五——段中設空題
Passage 1
(2024·浙江紹興二模)
Dear Fresher，joining a university can be a pleasant but challenging experience：horrific and yet beautiful，scary but exciting． 1 .
Do not panic if，like me，you do not make friends on the first day or week．Before I met Sanaa，I had tried to force myself to make friends with classmates in my other majors．Then I was starting to get convinced that there was something wrong with me． 2 Eventually，when I started making more friends，it made sense why the friendships I had forced did not work out．It was my first lesson in understanding my uniqueness，and reminding me that my “friends” are somewhere，out there． 3 .
So，dear Fresher，as I say welcome to university life，I am also saying，give yourself time—to understand your school，your course，and your new rhythm of life．Do not fall into the trap of people-pleasing to fit in．
4 Of course，you must leave room to grow and breathe—to discover amazing cultures，new accents，and new ways of matching your clothes—but do not do anything that needs you to abandon your genuine self in order to become．
Finally，it might not look like it，but the four，five，or six years you will be in university will pass by really quickly． 5 Perhaps that is DIYs，writing blog posts，participating in club activities in your department，or joining the dance troupe．
So，dear Fresher，go forward，and leave your mark! You will be surprised at how much experience that will contribute to your CV．
A．It is a big turn on the pages of your life．
B．Extracurricular activities build confidence．
C．I no longer struggle too hard to fit square pegs into round holes．
D．It is a good idea for you to make friends with like-minded people．
E．That was why I got uninspired by every friendship I tried to make．
F．While the new phase of life is challenging，remember who you truly are．
G．Seek out opportunities to do stuff you are passionate about during your free time．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章以親切、隨和的語氣向新生提出了關于如何適應大學生活、保持自我、尋找興趣等多方面的建議，其中既有作者的親身經歷，也有對新生的殷切期望和鼓勵。
1．A　[根據前文“Dear Fresher，joining a university can be a pleasant but challenging experience：horrific and yet beautiful，scary but exciting．”可知，A項是對前文內容的總結，說明大學的重要性。]
2．E　[根據前文“Before I met Sanaa...that there was something wrong with me．”以及后文“Eventually，...work out．”可知，設空處應是介紹前文講述的作者自己的問題所造成的后果，這個問題會導致他強迫的友誼沒有成功，所以E項符合文意。故選E項。]
3．C　[根據前文“It was my first lesson in understanding my uniqueness，and reminding me that my ‘friends'are somewhere，out there．”可知，作者明白，不需要刻意去結交他人，所以C項符合文意，通過比喻說明自己不再刻意去結交他人。]
4．F　[根據后文可知，本段講述了大一新生不要做任何需要你為了成為而放棄真實自我的事情，所以F項符合文意。]
5．G　[根據前文“Finally，it might not look like it，but the four，five，or six years you will be in university will pass by really quickly．”以及后文“Perhaps that is DIYs，writing blog posts，participating in club activities in your department，or joining the dance troupe．”可知，前文講述時間過得很快，后文講述參加活動，所以空處應是一個過渡句，G項符合文意，承接上文，引出下文。故選G項。]
Passage 2
(2024·山東濰坊一模)
It's not so long ago that contactless card payments were exciting and new，but the technology is already old-hat．The new，better way to pay for things in shops By using your phone to make a contactless payment．
Because traditionally，when you have paid with a card tap (輕敲) or using a chip and pin machine，ultimately the shop you are buying from will be noting down all of your card details． 1 And this could be a problem — it means that if the shop is hacked (侵入) or plays fast and loose with its data，you could find your card number exposed to the world．
However，when you tap to pay with your device，it generates a unique ID number for that deal and sends that instead．So you can pay for your goods and the shop can get your money． 2 That is to say，phone payments are smarter．
3 If a pickpocket steals your card they can immediately use up the money．But if they get your phone，when the phone goes to pay it will typically perform a biometric check—it will ask for a finger-print or use the camera to look at your face，to check that you are who you say you are．
4 Because of this added security，the limit (限額) is typically higher than for contactless cards．In the UK，it's around ￡100 for most retailers—though some shops including most supermarkets let you spend much more with just a tap of the phone．
Want to give it a try To actually set things up，go to your Wallet app and follow the instructions． 5 Then it will automatically recognise the numbers and connect with your bank．Usually you receive a text message with a special code on it．And then，well，you're done．When you pay，hold your phone over the payment machine，and pay for your goods!
A．It helps to build the client list．
B．The setup process varies with banks．
C．No one needs to share any sensitive data．
D．It's also more effective against the threat of thefts．
E．And phone payments are increasingly convenient too．
F．Typically this starts by scanning your card with your phone．
G．Therefore，it knows which bank account to take the money from．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了非接觸式手機支付的好處以及設置方式。
1．G　[上文“Because traditionally，when you have paid with a card tap or using a chip and pin machine，ultimately the shop you are buying from will be noting down all of your card details．”描述了原因，設空處應是接著說結果。故G項符合語境。]
2．C　[根據上文“However，when you tap to pay with your device...get your money．”可知，支付時形成的ID號碼是一次性的也是唯一的，因此個人信息或數據不會被分享出去。故C項符合語境。]
3．D　[根據本段內容可知，本段是說手機支付能防止盜刷錢財。故D項符合語境。]
4．E　[根據空后內容可知，本段是說手機支付的便捷。故E項符合語境。]
5．F　[根據上文“To actually set things up，go to your Wallet app and follow the instructions．”及下文“Then it will automatically recognise the numbers and connect with your bank．”可知，空處是描述設置手機支付的第一步。故F項符合語境。]
Passage 3
(2024·江西宜春一模)
Tips to Turn a Slow Start into Progress
Good health is the most important thing in life，outranking money，education and career．But good health isn't a gift． 1 ．If you're feeling a bit stuck on your New Year's resolutions，we've got tips．
Embrace optimism
2 ．Researchers found there's a strong link between optimism and healthy behaviors．Optimistic people tend to have specific goals and the confidence to reach them．Even if you have a tendency to see the glass half empty，optimism can be learned by imagining your best possible self．Practicing optimism may make you better at it and help you reach your goals．
If you aim to eat better or drink less，your chances of success are higher if the people around you are on board too．People are more likely to reach body weight goals and maintain weight loss if they're not alone．And our moods can be influenced too．So it's helpful to surround yourself with like-minded people and make positive changes in life．
Make small changes in habits
It's easy to wish for the new fitness breakthrough that can help us to great health． 4 ．It's believed that these six habits are tied to a reduced risk of everything from heart disease to dementia：good sleep，eating well，staying active，limiting alcohol，cutting sedentary (久坐不動的) screen time and developing friendships and social connections．A recent study found people who followed most of these habits cut the risk of depression by more than 50%．
Say no to more things
Time is our most precious resource． 5 ．If we live an average life span (壽命)，we're on this planet for only about 4，000 weeks．That means every day is very precious if we're serious about accomplishing new tricks．Do you actually want to commit to starting now If so，ask yourself this：What can I say no to today to clear the time to accomplish my goal
A．Find a group
B．Reset your mind
C．If you begin with a slow start this year，be positive
D．We need to set the goals that are right and suitable for us
E．We have to work for it and the older we get，the more challenges arise
F．To make time for something new，we've got to stop doing something else
G．But the reality is that our daily practice shapes our health a lot more than we might realize
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了把緩慢的開始變成進步的建議。
1．E　[根據上文“Good health is the most important thing in life，outranking money，education and career．But good health isn't a gift．”以及后文“If you're feeling a bit stuck on your New Year's resolutions，we've got tips．”可知，本句承接上文，說明健康不是天賦的原因。故E選項符合語境。]
2．C　[根據后文可知，本段主要講述了樂觀有助于實現目標，C選項中“positive”對應后文“Optimistic”。故C選項符合語境。]
3．A　[根據本段內容可知，本段的主旨是找其他志同道合的人一起會更容易實現目標。故A選項符合語境。]
4．G　[根據上文“It's easy to wish for the new fitness breakthrough that can help us to great health．”以及后文“It's believed ...developing friendships and social connections．”可知，鍛煉帶來的影響不止保持健康，還有其他方面的好處。故G選項符合語境。]
5．F　[根據上文“Time is our most precious resource．”以及后文“If we live an average life span...accomplish my goal？”可知，本段的建議是充分利用時間，騰出時間來完成自己的目標。故F選項符合語境。]
Passage 4
(2024·遼寧鞍山二模)
Historically，only local governments worried about a widespread food crisis，but today，the rapidly rising food prices and the resulting food crisis can quickly be a worldwide phenomenon．Over the next 20 years，the fight to feed the world will be a huge challenge facing the global economy． 1 ？
The first solution lies in the combined effect of money and time． 2 ．More than ever，we need the transfer of time and money away from the army and towards creating an international plan to deal with hunger．
3 ．It helps coordinate (使協調) public policies，individual actions，farmer practices and consumer behavior towards common goals．As a result，it is crucial to work on such a strategy．
Another way to solve the crisis is to double food production in developing countries． 4 ．Governmental agencies，non-profit organizations，agricultural scientists，private investors and charitable donors，all must partner together to enhance the capacity of the developing world to meet the great need for food．
While we may not be seeing all the symptoms of food shortage，we must be clear-eyed in our current support of food production．It is obvious that we will face a severe problem，but the problem is solvable． 5 ， we must do it carefully and consistently．
A．Since you think it beneficial to the whole world
B．What about developing economy to solve the crisis
C．If we are to reach our goal and prevent a global food crisis
D．How can we relieve the current crisis and avoid future risks
E．The goal needs an enormous investment in agriculture from various sources
F．Developing a national strategy to reduce food loss and waste is also useful to handle the crisis
G．Some countries like India have realized this fact and are giving more financial support to agriculture
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了如何緩解當前的糧食危機并避免未來的風險。
1．D　[根據上文“Over the next 20 years，the fight to feed the world will be a huge challenge facing the global economy．”可知，糧食危機是全球經濟面臨的巨大挑戰，下文提出了具體的辦法，故D項能承接上文，引出下文，符合題意。]
2．G　[根據上文“The first solution lies in the combined effect of money and time．”可知，本空要說跟“金錢和時間”有關的話題，故G項能承接上文，符合題意。]
3．F　[根據下文“It helps coordinate public policies，individual actions，farmer practices and consumer behavior towards common goals．As a result，it is crucial to work on such a strategy．”可知，本空要說跟“國家政策”有關的話題，故F項能引起下文，符合題意。]
4．E　[下文“Governmental agencies，non-profit organizations，agricultural scientists，private investors and charitable donors，all must partner together to enhance the capacity of the developing world to meet the great need for food．”提到各方合作，故E項符合語境。]
5．C　[根據上文“While we may not be seeing all the symptoms of food shortage，we must be clear-eyed in our current support of food production．It is obvious that we will face a severe problem，but the problem is solvable．”可知，接下來要闡述如果要實現這些目標要怎樣做，根據后文“we must do it carefully and consistently”可知，本空為從句，故C選項能承上啟下，符合題意。]
Passage 1
(2024·福建廈門三模)
Around the globe，about 1 in 4 adults says they're lonely．And the consequences of long-term social disconnection can be everything from an increased risk of heart attacks to dementia (癡呆)．The following offers a road map to make connections．
針對性訓練19　閱讀七選五——段尾設空題
Be curious．It's easier to connect with people if you have shared interests or experiences，so start paying attention to what's in your mind．What motivates you What excites you 1 If you know what's meaningful or fun for you，it may lead you to an activity that connects you to others．
Make something．When experts advise making something，people will say，“Well，I'm not Picasso．I don't know how to do a fancy painting．” Of course，you're not! 2 You can try your grandma's pie recipe or plant an herb garden that puts your thoughts and feelings about who you are and express those thoughts and feelings to others．
3 Share something about yourself．It doesn't have to be the darkest secret of your life，but just something other people might find interesting．Putting yourself out there requires a bit of a risk，and it's the first step to real connection．
Find a group that matches your interests．Whether it's volunteering for a cause or playing frisbee (飛盤)，try to find others who share your interests．There's even an online group that has a quirky shared interest：a fascination with brown bears in Alaska，which led to Fat Bear Week．In interactions with others，you can begin to reveal yourself and share the unique things that matter to you． 4 .
Other people's loneliness matters too． 5 If loneliness go unaddressed，people can end up in a world of hurt．If you see someone experiencing loneliness，ask them how they're doing．Share your own experience of loneliness and how you get rid of it．Thus，helping others can also benefit yourself．
A．Pour out your hard feelings．
B．Loneliness can be infectious．
C．Take a risk by having conversations．
D．You should tolerate the risk of being lonely．
E．But the opportunities for creative expression are endless．
F．Knowing yourself can be a first step to bonding with others．
G．Then，other people recognize that and share their story in return．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章就如何建立聯系提出了一些建議。
1．F　[根據下文“If you know what's meaningful or fun for you，it may lead you to an activity that connects you to others．”可知，空處強調的是了解自己對于建立聯系的重要性。F項符合語境。]
2．E　[根據上文“When experts advise making something，people will say，‘Well，I'm not Picasso．I don't know how to do a fancy painting．'Of course，you're not！”以及下文“You can try your grandma's pie recipe or plant an herb garden that puts your thoughts and feelings about who you are and express those thoughts and feelings to others．”可知，此處講述的是如何進行創造性地表達自己，不需要你是畢加索，創造性表達的機會是無窮無盡的。E項中的“the opportunities for creative expression”和下文的“express those thoughts and feelings to others”對應。E項符合語境。]
3．C　[根據下文“Share something about yourself．It doesn't have to be the darkest secret of your life，but just something other people might find interesting．Putting yourself out there requires a bit of a risk，and it's the first step to real connection．”可知，本段建議通過冒風險進行對話來建立聯系。C項中的“take a risk”和下文中的“a bit of a risk”對應。C項符合語境。]
4．G　[根據上文“In interactions with others，you can begin to reveal yourself and share the unique things that matter to you．”可知，空處承接上文，指出你在展示自己以后，別人會做出回應，分享他們的故事。G項符合語境。]
5．B　[根據本段主旨句“Other people's loneliness matters too．”可知，本段的關鍵詞是“loneliness”。B項符合語境。]
Passage 2
(2024·安徽池州二模)
Jump to It
Jumping rope is an activity that contributes to a healthy lifestyle and helps meet your fitness and wellness goals．Here's how jumping rope benefits you．
It burns calories．How many calories does jumping rope burn While this depends on your pace on average，you may burn about 100 calories jumping rope for 10 minutes． 1 .
It's easy to do．You can jump rope almost anywhere，making it a great option for on-the-go or when you're traveling．Some people keep the habit of working out in the open air． 2 Being able to pick up a rope is a great option．
It builds bone density(骨密度)．Your bone density decreases as you age．Luckily，jumping rope helps keep your bones strong． 3 The impact or stress from landing after a jump helps strengthen your bones．
It improves your heart and lungs．Jumping rope strengthens your heart and lungs by raising your heart rate quickly．Those who do rope-jumping exercise have better vital capacity． 4 Strong vital capacity contributes to better cardiorespiratory (心和肺的) fitness，which means you can exercise longer with less effort．
It makes you feel good．Did we mention it's fun After exercise，your body will release a special chemical，which can help with depression．Therefore，if you get anxious sometimes，being active can also help calm ourselves down． 5 .
A．Others prefer to work at home．
B．But what if it's raining outside
C．So，skip ahead to the good stuff．
D．It is actually a load-bearing activity．
E．It refers to the amount of air you can breathe out after taking a deep breath．
F．Therefore，as a well-rounded exercise，jumping rope helps with weight loss．
G．However，bend your knees slightly to avoid injuries to ankles and bones when you land．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了跳繩的好處。
1．F　[空前“It burns calories．How many calories does jumping rope burn While this depends on your pace on average，you may burn about 100 calories jumping rope for 10 minutes．”說明了跳繩可以燃燒很多卡路里，燃燒卡路里了就有助于減肥，F項說明了跳繩可以減肥，承接上文的跳繩可以燃燒卡路里，因此F選項承接上文，符合語境。]
2．B　[空前“Some people keep the habit of working out in the open air．”說有些人有在戶外鍛煉的習慣，空后“Being able to pick up a rope is a great option．”說明跳繩是個好的選擇，設空處應該說在什么時候跳繩是個很好的選擇，B項提出如果外面下雨，下雨了就可以在室內跳繩，和下文說跳繩是個很好的選擇相一致，因此B選項承上啟下，符合語境，故選B。]
3．D　[空后“The impact or stress from landing after a jump helps strengthen your bones．”說明跳繩時落地的沖擊或壓力有助于增強骨骼，這說明跳繩和承重有關，D項說跳繩是一種承重活動，因此引起下文，符合語境。]
4．E　[空前“Jumping rope strengthens your heart and lungs by raising your heart rate quickly．Those who do rope-jumping exercise have better vital capacity．”提出跳繩可以增加人的肺活量，設空處應說肺活量是什么，E項說明了什么是肺活量，因此承接上文，符合語境。]
5．C　[空前“After exercise，your body will release a special chemical，which can help with depression．Therefore，if you get anxious sometimes，being active can also help calm ourselves down．”說明跳繩可以讓人心情好，設空處是總結性的話，C項是總結全文，呼吁人們去跳繩，因此承接上文，符合語境。]
Passage 3
(2024·福建泉州三模)
Napping during the day is an ancient custom that is practiced worldwide．Short naps，which last from 20 to 30 minutes at the right time，can benefit vitality and overall health in countless ways．
Short naps can boost mental functioning and memory，as well as improve vitality，attention and reaction time． 1 Because napping seems to improve creative thinking，some companies have attempted to introduce napping rooms．
What's more，it appears the brain uses nap time to process information gathered throughout the day． 2 A study revealed that short naps also helped people become more confident and sensible，which resulted in better focus and efficiency at work．Napping may also lead to an improved ability to learn new skills，such as a golf swing．This is because these memories or skills are strengthened in the brain during sleep．
3 Studies show that more consistent sleep will help lower “fight or flight” chemicals in our bodies．As a result，our blood pressure and heart rates are normalized．Napping appears to help this process for some people．
4 One condition associated with napping longer than 30 minutes is sleep inertia (睡后遲鈍)．This can harm cognitive function from several minutes up to half an hour．Long or late afternoon naps can lead to difficulties falling asleep during the night． 5 .
So，to maximize benefits while reducing risks，please keep naps short in the early afternoon to avoid sleep inertia and night-time sleep disruptions．
A．But napping can come with drawbacks as well．
B．The reason for this phenomenon is mostly unknown．
C．Therefore，that appears to enhance problem-solving abilities．
D．Short naps are also linked to increased productivity and creativity．
E．Napping can also be associated with a reduced risk of heart diseases．
F．Napping should not serve as an alternative for enough nighttime rest．
G．Besides，for those aged 60 and up，longer naps may increase the risk for heart diseases．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了適當的午睡的好處及午睡時間長的壞處。
1．D　[空前“Short naps can boost mental functioning and memory，as well as improve vitality，attention and reaction time．”提到了短時間午睡帶來的好處。空后“Because napping seems to improve creative thinking，some companies have attempted to introduce napping rooms．”主要介紹了午睡對于提高生產力以及創造力的好處。所以設空處應承接前文，繼續講述午睡的好處。選項D中“also”一詞，表示了繼續講述午睡的好處，符合題意，故選D項。]
2．C　[空前“What's more，it appears the brain uses nap time to process information gathered throughout the day．”介紹了午睡帶給大腦的好處：大腦能利用此段時間來處理信息。所以設空處應該陳述大腦這樣做帶來的結果是什么。選項C提到了結果是帶來增強解決問題的能力，符合題意。]
3．E　[下文提到了午睡對血壓和心率的好處。因此作為段落的首句，應該起總結描述作用，講述午睡對身體健康包括血壓和心率的好處。選項E

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