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(共54張PPT)
第一部分 復習講義
板塊一 閱讀
微專題二　巧破干擾項4種命題
套路，規(guī)避七選五 3大易錯陷阱
專題二　閱讀七選五
一、七選五干擾項4種命題套路
有的七選五干擾項與文章“貌合神離”，即從句式來看符合行文句式特點，但語義與上下文不連貫，解題時要注意避免錯選。
套路一
貌合神離式
【典例】(2022·新課標Ⅱ卷)
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect． 38 Yet，by learning to live with imperfection，you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皺) paper．Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration，not as a complete highway．
C．The second draft of the essay should be better．
D．First of all，learn the technique of nonstop writing．
E．Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time．
F．Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise．
√
解題分析：上文：下一個技巧是快速寫出你的草稿，不要擔心是否完美。下文：然而，通過學習與不完美共存，你將不會頭痛，也不會把稿紙都揉成一團扔進廢紙簍。C項為語義貌合神離式干擾項，從上文看， C項“這篇文章的第二稿應該更好”能夠承接上文，語義連貫，但是下文中的“Yet”提示空處與下文內容在邏輯上為轉折關系，C項與下文邏輯關系不符，即：承上不啟下。
命題人為了增加干擾項的迷惑性，有時會在干擾項中使用上下文語境中的原詞，但選項句義與段落主旨相差甚遠，考生在做題時不能僅依靠原詞復現來確定答案。
套路二
反主旨信息復現式
【典例】(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)
Your personal circumstances are equally important．For example，you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough． 40 You should reassess your goals，and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal．
A．This can affect your work．
B．So how should you motivate yourself
C．However，this should not discourage you．
D．So why should we try to set specific goals
√
解題分析：上文：你可能想成為一名飛行員，但因為你的視力不夠好而無法成為一名飛行員。下文：你應該重新評估你的目標，激勵自己設定一個新的目標。B項中雖有下文中的原詞“motivate yourself”，但結合上下文語境可知，前后應為轉折關系，B項中的“So”提示的是因果關系，與語境不符。
有一部分干擾項的話題與段落主旨一致，但講的范圍和上下文語境不一致，面對此類干擾項，考生可從選項出發(fā)，先明確選項的范圍，再與文章對應。
套路三
擴縮話題范圍式
【典例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
The place wasn’t entirely authentic，though．Unlike a normal Parisian apartment the plumbing(水管)worked． 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said “Ouverture des portes，” in perfect French．That is the only French phrase I mastered，and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it．
A．Not all the customers are tourists．
B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent．
C．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed．
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers．
√
解題分析：上文：與普通的巴黎公寓不同，這里的管道(水管)正常工作。下文：我們的大樓甚至有一部小電梯。B項和C項都是在講作者在巴黎租房的生活，B項講的是整體評價，屬大范圍，C項講的是具體細節(jié)，屬小范圍，前后句描述的是租房的具體條件和感受，屬小范圍。
模棱兩可式干擾項在語義和邏輯上和文段相符，但偏離了段落主旨，模棱兩可式干擾項的迷惑性極強，需要考生充分把控文章脈絡和段落主旨。
套路四
模棱兩可式
【典例】(2022·新課標Ⅰ卷)
You and your partner will probably have different skills． 40 Over time，both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit．The core(核心)of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other．
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward．
E．How can you write a good “seeking a training partner” notice
F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other．
G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information．
√
解題分析：上文：你和你的伙伴可能有不同的技能。下文：隨著時間的推移，你們雙方都會受益，你們的關系的核心是你們總是會互相幫助。A項放入語境后在語義和邏輯上沒有明顯的違和感，但A項的核心在于初識印象，本段的主旨在于你和你的伙伴不同，能合作互助。
二、七選五3大易錯陷阱
1．考生往往看到詞匯復現就選答案，而忽視了設空處也有可能是考查句子間的邏輯。
2．只有真正理解文章的主旨大意，弄清楚前后句子的確切含義，然后才能根據意義的連貫性從七個選項中選出正確答案。
不能只看同詞復現，要結合前后句邏輯
【典例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
38．The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy．French strawberries do not...flavor bombs．
39 On our first morning in Paris，I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries．I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon．My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten．But they cost $18!
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers．
E．That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do．
F．Our aim was to see if we could live，in some way，like real Parisians．
G．The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy．
√
解題分析：上一段講述巴黎的食物非常美味，人們吃一點就很滿足。空后講作者和丈夫發(fā)現巴黎的食物很貴，暗含上一段所述情況不是法國人吃得少的唯一原因。考生往往看到原詞出現“the food”而誤選D或G。
1．句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。
2．考生不能只看設空位置，一定要跳出段落看邏輯關系來游刃有余地解題。
不能只看設空位置，要跳出段落看邏輯
【典例】(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)
·Get creative．The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else．Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world，it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots．That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from． 38 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights
E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places．
F．You’ll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it．
G．Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting．
√
解題分析：根據本段主題句“Get creative．”和“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from．”可知，本段建議人們要有創(chuàng)意，還有很多旅行目的地可選擇。故E項符合語境。且E項中的“undiscovered places”與本段中的“l(fā)ess-visited options”和“l(fā)esser-known sights”相呼應。
考生答題時，不能只看上下句，要結合段落扣主題；一定要準確地理解文章脈絡， 把握語篇整體內容和基本結構， 厘清上下文的邏輯和語義銜接關系， 使補全的短文邏輯通順、前后連貫、結構完整。
不能只看上下句，要結合段落扣主題
【典例】(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (榮幸)．Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place． 40 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there．
E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places．
F．You’ll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it．
G．Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting．
√
解題分析：根據空白處前“參觀別人稱之為家的地方是一種榮幸。首先，盡自己的一份力量來保護當地的旅游特色”可知，本段建議人們保護旅行地的特色。 G項“考慮回饋你正在參觀的社區(qū)”呼應了空前的“Do your part”，且G項中的“the communities”與空后的“there”相呼應。
針對性訓練20　突破七選五的語意銜接
Passage 1
Public transportation is not fully used across the globe，even if good transport systems are in place． 1 There are three primary reasons listed below，which all can be solved by good urban planning．
2 For example，in Barcelona，30% of daily trips are carried out by public transport．In contrast，in Atlanta，this figure drops to 4%．Since Barcelona is 30 times denser (更密集的) than Atlanta，it is easier to provide reliable public transport services．
Accessibility is another key factor in public transportation usage．In a comparison of three international cities，though one of them has the highest population density，its public transport use is less than the other two cities． 3 .
Walkability is also a major component that matters．Studies show that well-maintained and safe streets encourage people to use public transportation． 4 By contrast，narrow or poorly-maintained sidewalks，and fewer trees make streets less walkable．It is in these types of urban environments that people are significantly less likely to use public transport，even if it is only 100 meters away from their homes．
Nowadays，city planners have attached great importance to the construction of more public transportation infrastructure (基礎設施)． 5 .
And it can promote good urban mobility (移動性) at the same time．However，urban planners should also understand that factors related to the urban fabric also impact if and how public transport is used．So efforts should also be devoted to improving public environments to encourage the use of public transport，which will result in healthier cities and communities．
A．Why is this the case
B．The trend causes cities to become more and more advanced．
C．This emphasis aims to reduce the reliance on private vehicles．
D．People in big cities need to get out of their cars and use public transportation．
E．A city’s density directly impacts how public transport services are provided．
F．In such urban environments，people are likelier to go further to access public transport．
G．It’s due to its very wide streets，large street blocks and buildings set far from the street edges．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了三個影響城市公共交通使用率的因素，即城市密度、公共交通的可獲得性以及步行的便利程度。
1．A　[此空設于段中，與上文存在指代關系，下文與其存在解釋關系。選項A中的“the case”指代上一句提到的“城市公共交通未能得到充分使用”這一現象；下文進一步解釋造成這種現象的原因。故選A。]
2．E　[此空設于段首，是本段主旨句。通讀本段可知，本段旨在介紹城市密度是造成城市公共交通未能充分使用的一個重要原因。故選E。]
3．G　[此空設于段尾，與上文存在因果關系。在一些人口密度大的城市，公共交通的使用率反而低于人口密度小的城市，這是因為其有非常寬闊的街道、大型街區(qū)和遠離街道邊緣的建筑。故選G。]
4．F　[此空設于段中，與上文存在指代關系，與下文存在轉折關系。選項F中的“such urban environments”指代上一句中的“well-maintained and safe streets”；在維護良好、安全的城市環(huán)境中，人們更愿意走更遠的路去乘坐公共交通，但是在狹窄或維護不善的城市環(huán)境中情況是相反的。]
5．C　[此空設于段中，與下文是并列關系。本句和下一句分別介紹了建設更多的公共交通基礎設施可以帶來的好處，即減少對私家車的依賴和促進城市的移動性。]
Passage 2
How does a weather balloon work The object is filled with gases like hydrogen or helium lifting the balloon to the desired height．The radiosonde (無線電探空儀) is connected to the balloon’s bottom． 1 Normally，it’s a large open area．
Once the balloon is set free and starts rising into the air，the radiosonde starts sending weather data back to the base station，which meteorologists (氣象學家) can start to analyze．As the balloon rises to a certain height，the air inside it starts expanding． 2 .
The weather balloon can reach the height of 100，000 feet within an hour after being launched．Reaching this height allows it to record high-altitude weather data that most other devices cannot access． 3 That’s because there’s so little pressure in the air at this height that the air inside the balloon expands to such a point that the balloon cannot stand it anymore．After exploding，the balloon with the radiosonde starts falling to the ground．
4 The instrument can be reconditioned and used again，which will lead to a huge saving in cost，especially if you take into consideration that a weather balloon is launched twice a day from many weather stations in America alone．
Unfortunately，only 25% of all radiosondes are recovered and returned to be reconditioned． 5 It lasts for a total of about 2 hours after being launched．However，it should be considered that the onboard instruments start sending back precious data from the moment the balloon is launched until it reaches a height of 100，000 feet an hour later．
A．People can search the radiosonde．
B．That is the life cycle of a weather balloon．
C．It’s important to try to preserve the radiosonde．
D．This device can send weather information to the earth．
E．However，the balloon unavoidably explodes before long．
F．The balloon is then set free from an appropriate launch site．
G．And the balloon grows larger and larger as it rises into thinner air．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。氣象氣球，又稱為深空氣球，是一種專門用于氣象觀測的氣球，文章主要介紹了氣象氣球的工作原理和使用過程。
1．F　[此空設于段中，與下文存在指代關系。該項與上文陳述了氣象氣球進入空中前的幾個步驟。下文中的“it”指代F項中的“l(fā)aunch site”。故選F項。]
2．G　[此空設于段尾，與上文存在遞進關系。當氣象氣球到達一定高度后，氣球內的空氣開始膨脹；當氣球上升到稀薄的空氣中時，它會變得越來越大。故選G。]
3．E　[此空設于段中，與上文存在轉折關系，與下文存在因果關系。到達十萬英尺高空時，氣象氣球探測天氣的能力無與倫比；然而，很快它就會爆炸；因為外面的氣壓太小，氣球內的空氣膨脹到其無法承受。故選E項。]
4．C　[此空設于段首， 是本段的主旨句。通讀本段可知，本段主要講述的是盡力保存無線電探空儀的重要性。]
5．B　[此空設于段中， 用于引起下文。下文提到在發(fā)射后總共持續(xù)約兩小時，就是B項提及的“氣象氣球的生命周期”。]
Passage 3
For the last decade，I’ve studied entrepreneurs (企業(yè)家) and the key to their success．Unsurprisingly，many have failed more times than they’ve succeeded．While failure may initially be a blow to your confidence and even put you in a financial crisis，it is not the end of the road． 1 .
One of the entrepreneurs I studied was the founder of a pharmaceutical company in Nigeria．To set itself apart from the competition，this company invested in drugs for the elderly． 2 This outcome motivated people there to conduct more analyses and they identified the company’s location as the problem．By moving elsewhere，it has grown to be one of the most successful companies in the industry．
Failure should be viewed as just an adventure，rather than a sign that your goal is unreachable． 3 James Dyson struggled for five years to make the world’s first cyclone vacuum cleaner work．In the meantime，he had gone into debt and even signed his house over to the bank．Now owning a multibillion-dollar company，James Dyson insists that his company’s spirit of risk-taking has stayed the same．
4 Before making decisions，they consider the probability of a loss and how it could be minimized．From a biographical analysis of entrepreneurs，I found the ability to anticipate possible risks and cope effectively with them is essential to successful entrepreneurs，which helps them pick themselves up．
As an entrepreneur，it is important to recognize opportunities to grow．Again，failure can help with this mindset．More often than not，being successful makes you self-content．Although failure can be a hiccup (小問題)，it opens your mind to new opportunities and perspectives． 5 So don’t be afraid of failure; when you fail，fail forward．
A．After several months，it suffered a significant loss．
B．Successful entrepreneurs are good at recovering from failures．
C．Indeed，entrepreneurs often stress taking risks is key to their success．
D．Although they tend to take risks，entrepreneurs are always calculative．
E．Actually，some great businesses are based on multiple failed attempts．
F．The preparation provides reassurance and a map to try again if they do fail．
G．Failure helps you see what is invisible to those who are constantly successful．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。文章通過論述創(chuàng)業(yè)者面對失敗時的態(tài)度和行為，闡述了失敗并不意味著終點，而是學習和成長的機會，是通向成功的墊腳石。
1．E　[此空設于段尾，與上文存在解釋關系。上文說明了失敗會打擊你的自信心、使你陷入經濟危機，但這并不是道路的盡頭，設空處進一步闡釋：事實上，一些大的公司都是建立在多次失敗的基礎之上的。故選E項。]
2．A　[此空設于段中，與上文存在時間上的先后順序。上文說明了尼日利亞的一家藥企另辟蹊徑，生產針對老年人的藥物，幾個月后，它遭受了巨大的損失，人們進而調查其中的原因。故選A項。]
3．C　[此空設于段中，是一個過渡句。上文說明了失敗應該被看作是一次冒險，該項承接上文說明了“企業(yè)家們經常強調冒險是他們成功的關鍵”，并引入下文戴森發(fā)明吸塵器的事例。故選C項。]
4．D　[此空設于段首，是一個承上啟下的過渡句。上一段說明了成功企業(yè)家勇于冒險，但是他們并不是盲目地冒險，而是善于算計的，空后的內容都是圍繞這一點展開的。故選D項。]
5．G　[此空設于段中，與下文存在因果關系。上文說明了成功會讓人自滿、止步不前，相比之下，失敗可以讓人看到常勝將軍們看不到的機遇和視角，因此，不要懼怕失敗，即便失敗了，我們也要在失敗中前進。故選G項。]
Passage 4
Finding an insect in your food can be a moment of horror that kills the mood and your appetite immediately．But that might be about to change． 1 .
The market research predicts the global market for edible (可食用的) insects will grow sharply．So what’s behind this expected increase in appetite for insects 2 And the answer lies in understanding how insects compare to other food types in terms of production and farming．
Insects produce less harmful gas than most mainstream farm animals per kilo of live weight．A cow，for example，produces 2.8 kg of greenhouse gas per kilo of live body weight．Insects，on the other hand，produce just 2 grams． 3 For each kilo it weighs，a cow needs 10 kg of feed．Insects，on the other hand，need just 1.7 kg．
Water，which is becoming an increasingly rare resource in some parts of the world and is used liberally in intensive(密集的) farming，offers another interesting comparison．To produce a single gram of insect protein，you’d need 23 litres of water． 4 But to get that same gram of protein from cattle，you’d need 112 litres of water．
5 Compared with raising traditional livestock (家畜) such as sheep，pigs or cattle，farming insects generally means that there will be no more dealing with mud and dirt and an end to changing heavy bags of feed．And forget about having to go outdoors in all weather conditions to manhandle livestock．The requirement for investment in equipment will be different，too．This will be farming on a much smaller scale，reducing the need for large and expensive machinery．
It may not be too long before we can all buy a bag of edible insects at our local grocery store．
A．That might sound like a lot．
B．There are a number of factors in play．
C．Possibly，we’ll soon be voluntarily enjoying insects．
D．Insects weigh much less than traditional farm animals．
E．The majority of individuals have a strong dislike for insects．
F．They also consume fewer resources than traditional livestock．
G．For farmers，raising insects can be much easier and save money．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章從環(huán)境、經濟等角度分析了可食用昆蟲的消費市場可能迅速增加的原因。
1．C　[此空設于段尾，與上文存在順承關系。上文說，食物中出現蟲子會讓人們感到恐怖從而失去食欲的這種反應可能會發(fā)生改變，此處緊接著說我們也許很快就會自愿享受昆蟲。故選C項。]
2．B　[此空設于段中，是一個過渡句。首先，B項“有許多原因”回答了上一句的問題“為什么預測人們對食用昆蟲的食欲會增加”；其次，B項中的“a number of factors”照應下文中的“insects ...in terms of production and farming”。]
3．F　[此空設于段中，與上文是遞進關系。生產同等重量的牛肉蛋白所釋放的溫室氣體遠超昆蟲蛋白，此外昆蟲需要的食物比牛要少得多。故選F項。]
4．A　[此空設于段中，與上文存在指代關系，和下文存在對比關系。A項中的“That”指代上文“培育一克昆蟲蛋白需要23 升水”，這也許聽起來很多，但是“培育一克牛肉蛋白需要112 升水”。]
5．G　[此空設于段首，是本段的主旨句。通讀最后一段可知，本段旨在告訴讀者飼養(yǎng)昆蟲更容易且能節(jié)省投資。]
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