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(共120張PPT)
第一部分 復習講義
板塊一 閱讀
專題二　閱讀七選五
　　閱讀七選五是閱讀部分的第二節，更突出考查考生對文章內容、結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握邏輯關系的能力。該題型要求考生能夠準確地理解文章脈絡，把握語篇的整體內容和基本結構，厘清上下文的邏輯和語境關系，使補全后的短文邏輯通順、前后連貫、結構完整。
洞悉考情明方向
（一）
研析真題悟考法
（二）
題型攻略學技法
（三）
洞悉考情明方向
年份 卷名 體裁 主題 設空位置
主題語境 文章話題 段首 段中 段尾
2024 新課標 Ⅰ卷 說明文 人與自我 使用詞典的經驗、心得與樂趣 1 4 0
新課標 Ⅱ卷 說明文 人與社會 如何緩解過度旅游 1 3 1
年份 卷名 體裁 主題 設空位置
主題語境 文章話題 段首 段中 段尾
2023 新課標 Ⅰ卷 說明文 人與 自我 自我原諒 0 4 1
新課標 Ⅱ卷 說明文 人與 社會 如何開啟藝術之旅 1 3 1
年份 卷名 體裁 主題 設空位置
主題語境 文章話題 段首 段中 段尾
2022 新課標 Ⅰ卷 說明文 人與自我 尋找健身搭檔 0 4 1
新課標 Ⅱ卷 說明文 人與自我 寫文章的技巧 1 4 0
研析真題悟考法
[真題呈現](2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Not all great writers are great spellers．If you want to be published，it's vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript (原稿)． 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly．
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus(同義詞詞典)．I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker． 37 Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers．I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus．
38 It should give you a precise definition of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical．It will also usually show how the word is pronounced．
In addition，I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence．Of course，with its 2，672 pages，it's not exactly short．It contains around 163，000 words，plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases． 39 However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there's nothing better．
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755．“To make dictionaries is dull(乏味)work，” wrote Johnson，illustrating one definition of “dull”． 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience．
A．I don't often use this dictionary．
B．It takes no account of the context．
C．But I still don't want to replace them．
D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read．
E．Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling．
F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes．
G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information．
Step 1　快速瀏覽文章，明體裁知大意
本文是一篇說明文。文章敘述了作者使用英語詞典的經驗、心得與獲得的樂趣。
Step 2　根據設空位置，結合上下文找關鍵信息
[設空處在段中]
36．空前一句提到提交完美、專業的原稿對于出版的重要性，后一句講的是“編輯不太可能容忍不愿花心思把單詞拼寫正確的作家”。___項是對上文的進一步解釋，指出提交完美原稿的要求是沒有語法和拼寫錯誤。其中That指代上文中的“submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript”，no spelling mistakes 與下文中的spell words correctly呼應。
F
37．空前一句提到，作者不信任筆記本電腦的拼寫檢查程序。__項能夠對此解釋，并說明作者一直堅持使用詞典的原因，承接上文，符合語境。
39．空前提到，作者擁有的the Shorter Oxford Dictionary 包含了大量的詞匯、詞的組合和習慣用語。空后一句由However引出作者使用the Shorter Oxford Dictionary 的情況。__項與后文“然而，如果需要查詞的起源或了解其用法示例，沒有比《牛津大詞典(簡編本)》更好的了”形成轉折關系，符合語境。
B
A
40．空前提到，編寫詞典是一項乏味的工作，空后一句講的是“花幾分鐘閱讀一兩頁內容可能使你受益”，與空前的內容形成轉折關系。由此可知，___項符合語境，pleasure與dull形成對比。
D
[設空處在段首]
38．本段主要講述詞典的多重作用和功能。空后提到，詞典可以提供每個詞的精確定義、發音等信息。由此可知，__項符合語境，與下文“It should give...”“It will also...”構成順承關系。
Step 3　有的放矢，核對答案
通過上下文中的關鍵信息仔細對比，再次核對答案。
E
線索一
題型攻略學技法
第一講　通文章，四條線索過易題
【典例】(2023·全國甲卷)
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle：What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？There's one answer：36．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience．
...
看相似結構
·Practice gratitude (感激)
...
·Make yourself wait
...
· 39 .
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate，and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances．You should learn to say to yourself，“ 40．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable．”You'll then gradually become more patient．
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
√
解題分析：
Step 1　觀察文章結構，縮小選擇范圍
由每段前的實心圓點來看，每段首句是主題句，再觀察每個段落的首句都是祈使句，故39題的選擇范圍是A、B、C三項。
Step 2　根據上下文語境，確定答案
根據本段內容“So many of us have the belief...we get impatient about the circumstances．”可知，本段提到了舒適是我們唯一能容忍的狀態，結合前文的小標題都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨與接受不舒適相關。
【圖解技巧】
【典例】(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)
Travel promotes understanding，expands our minds，makes us better people，and boosts local economies and communities，but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations． 36 Certainly not．The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world．Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience．
線索二
看標點符號
A．Visit during off-peak times．
B．So，should we stop traveling
C．Travel for you and no one else．
D．Can overtourism be avoided then
E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places．
F．You'll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it．
G．Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting．
√
解題分析：
Step 1　觀察后文，縮小選擇范圍
由“Certainly not”來看，上文應是問句，故36題的選擇范圍是B、D兩項。
Step 2　根據上下文語境，確定答案
根據空后的“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world．”可知，空處應是對旅行的提問。
【圖解技巧】
【典例】(2024·全國甲卷)
What is moderation (適度) Basically，it means eating only as much food as your body needs．You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal，but not too full． 36 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love．
線索三
看詞匯復現
A．Eat properly throughout the day．
B．We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger．
C．Don't swallow a meal on the way to work．
D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat．
E．Instead，surround yourself with healthy choices．
F．For many of us，moderation means eating less than we do now．
G．That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan．
√
解題分析：
Step 1　閱讀前后句，確定關鍵詞
首句“What is moderation？”提出了問題，由前文“Basically，it means eating only as much food as your body needs．You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal，but not too full．”可知，適度飲食意味著只吃身體需要的食物，餐后感覺滿足但不過量。由此可見moderation是關鍵詞。
Step 2　看選項，尋復現
選項F進一步解釋了適度飲食的含義。F選項中的moderation原詞復現。
【圖解技巧】
線索四
看代詞線索
【典例】(2023·新課標Ⅰ卷)
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list． 39 That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through．In fact，don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this — it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time．
A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way．
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself．
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise．
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness．
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it．
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down．
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality．
√
解題分析：
Step 1　留意前文中的名詞或代詞
本段主要講可以請家人或朋友幫忙補充列表。根據空前的“friend or family member”可知，設空處應該講述他們的做法。
Step 2　關注使用代詞的兩種情況
使用代詞指代法一定要注意兩種情況：一是要特別關注選項中的代詞，二是要特別關注空格后面句子中的代詞。選項C中的“They”指代上文中的“friend or family member”。
【圖解技巧】
隨堂演練促遷移
Passage 1
(2024·安徽合肥一模)
When something goes wrong，do you tend to bounce back or fall apart Here are some strategies to help you manage a personal setback (挫折) and get back on track towards achieving your goal．
·Realize it's normal．Less than 20 percent of people successfully achieve their goal the first time around．It's normal and expected for setbacks to occur． 1 Knowing this，it's important to anticipate that the main task will be how to effectively manage the setback when it arises．
·Don't deny it．Sometimes it's hard to recognize a setback．The problem can be staring you right in the face，but you may deny there's any cause for alarm． 2 This inability to acknowledge the problem doesn't mean you're stupid．It's just that denial can cloud your awareness of the issue．It's important to be receptive to the honest feedback．
· 3 Stop and consider carefully what went wrong．The most common causes of a setback are personal worries，overconfidence，and poor coping skills．Take a look at any factor that may have contributed to the setback：where you were，who you were with，what you were thinking and feeling．
·Learn from it．Learn from your analysis of the setback，and adjust your plan to try to prevent similar things from happening the next time．Each time you fine-tune your plan and put it into action again，you actually improve your odds of eventual success． 4 .
Remind yourself that your setback is a slip instead of a fall． 5 After adjusting，you can still make progress towards success again．
A．Don't take it seriously．
B．Analyze what happened．
C．You haven't lost all of the knowledge，skills，and support．
D．In other words，it's not whether a challenge will happen，but it's when．
E．This is because you learn from each misstep to make your plan more effective．
F．Friends or family will voice their concerns，but you still may not be able to accept it．
G．You might even write about past experiences in a journal to guide your future behavior．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了一些有助于處理個人挫折并回到實現目標的軌道上的策略。
1．D　[根據前文“Less than 20 percent of people successfully achieve their goal the first time around．It's normal and expected for setbacks to occur．”可知，此處是指挫折大概率是會發生的，只是早晚的區別。所以選項D符合文意。]
2．F　[根據前文“Sometimes it's hard to recognize a setback．The problem can be staring you right in the face，but you may deny there's any cause for alarm．”可知，此處是指即使朋友或家人提醒你，你也可能無法承認問題的存在，所以選項F符合文意。]
3．B　[根據后文“Stop and consider carefully what went wrong．”可知，此處是指分析發生的事情，所以選項B“分析發生了什么。”符合文意。]
4．E　[根據前文“Learn from it．Learn from your analysis of the setback...you actually improve your odds of eventual success．”可知，此處是指從挫折中吸取的教訓會讓你的計劃更高效，所以選項E符合文意。]
5．C　[根據前文“Remind yourself that your setback is a slip instead of a fall．”和后文“After adjusting，you can still make progress towards success again．”可知，此處是講即使面對挫折你仍然具有的優勢，所以選項C“You haven't lost all of the knowledge，skills，and support．(你并沒有失去所有的知識、技能和支持。)”切合文意。]
Passage 2
(2024·河北張家口三模)
Powerful Benefits of Journaling
When looking for a way to better manage stress and feel your best，consider adding journaling to． 1 It's a pathway to deeper self-understanding，emotional clarity，and psychological recovery．
Practice journaling as therapy(治療)
By making journaling a regular practice，you create a space for self-reflection that can lead to personal growth and psychological treatment． 2 Once you start，with each word you write，you're taking a step towards a deeper understanding of yourself and moving closer to well-being．
Release and process feelings
3 Journaling provides a private，judgment-free space to explore and express emotions without reservation．This process of externalizing what's inside can be incredibly cathartic (宣泄的)，helping to reduce stress and manage extreme emotions．
Help recognize sources of stress
Think of it as a safe space to express how you feel，leading to a significant decrease in stress levels．Sometimes the first step in building the life you want starts with simple awareness．Journaling gives you a chance to recognize what stresses you out in the first place． 4 .
Promote mindfulness
Journaling brings your focus to the present．Just like in mindful meditation (冥想)，journaling gives you an outlet to observe thoughts and emotions without judgment．Think of this as an act of self-love，to accept yourself in the present moment just as you are． 5 .
A．This practice goes beyond just recording daily events．
B．Even just five minutes can help gain some comprehension．
C．Sometimes people find it challenging to express their emotions．
D．This mindfulness aspect provides a crucial tool in reducing stress．
E．Once you notice bad situations，you can remove that source of stress．
F．This can enhance decision-making skills and promote an approach to life's difficulties．
G．To begin your therapeutic journaling journey，the most important aspect is to get started．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了用寫日記的方法減壓的幾種好處。
1．A　[上文“When looking for a way to better manage stress and feel your best，consider adding journaling to．”提到把寫日記加入你的日常健康計劃中。A項“This practice goes beyond just recording daily events．(這種做法不僅僅是記錄日常事件。)”與上句銜接，并與下句“It's a pathway to deeper self-understanding，emotional clarity，and psychological recovery．(這是一條通往更深層次的自我理解、情感清晰和心理康復的途徑。)”構成遞進關系。This practice 指代上句中“寫日記”的方法。]
2．G　[根據小標題“Practice journaling as therapy”可知，本段主要說明了把寫日記作為一種治療，G項中的“is to get started”與下文“Once you start”相呼應。G選項符合語境。]
3．C　[本段小標題“Release and process feelings”說明寫日記可以釋放情緒并解決情緒問題。根據后文“Journaling provides a private，judgment-free space to explore and...helping to reduce stress and manage extreme emotions．”可知，本句與后文構成順承關系，指出表達情感存在挑戰。故C項符合語境。]
4．E　[根據本段小標題及上句“Journaling gives you a chance to recognize what stresses you out in the first place．”可知，上文提到了首先要弄清楚壓力的來源，E項與上句銜接合理，符合語境。]
5．D　[根據本段小標題“Promote mindfulness”可知，本段介紹了寫日記可以促進正念心態，D項是對本段的歸納和總結，符合語境。]
針對性訓練14　閱讀七選五——詞匯線索
Passage 1
(2024·浙江溫州三模)
Is a moviegoer different from a movie-lover I'd say so．You can love a movie by watching it at home． 1 ．I've spent a lot of time talking to people about movies．By listening to what they say，I can report they only share one thing in common：they go out．
I've thought about two views of the moviegoer lately．
The first view comes from Roland Barthes．Most often，his moviegoers don't go to the movies for a distinct purpose． 2 ．They are bored．Once they get inside，they can't help but sink into a relaxed state．When they leave the movie theater，these moviegoers don't want to talk to anyone about the movie． 3 ．Barthes sees them as a lonely being，one who is introspective (自省的)．I think some of us use movie theaters to retreat inside ourselves．
The second view comes from the Clark Theater manager，Bruce Trinz．When people go to the movies they go for a certain personal motive．They may want to forget something，or escape from the lives they are leading．Or they may want to see a film they liked years ago． 4 ， they are the hopeless addicts who，quite simply，like movies．The only thing I would challenge in this definition is the word hopeless． 5 ， but they come to the movies filled with hope．They may not be able to define what they hope to experience，but they will know it when they feel it．
A．Whatever motive they have
B．To be a moviegoer，you have to go out
C．The movie also puts them somewhere else
D．They are instead wrapped up in themselves
E．Because moviegoers go in search of beauty
F．Moviegoers may be hopelessly addicted to the movies
G．It's something to do with a response to leisure，free time
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了關于電影觀眾和電影愛好者兩者的不同之處的兩個觀點。
1．B　[根據上文“Is a moviegoer different from a movie-lover I'd say so．You can love a movie by watching it at home．”以及下文“By listening to what they say，I can report they only share one thing in common：they go out．”可知，設空處說明的是電影觀眾應是什么樣的。選項B能夠承接上文，引出下文，符合語境。]
2．G　[根據空前“Most often，his moviegoers don't go to the movies for a distinct purpose．”以及空后“They are bored．Once they get inside，they can't help but sink into a relaxed state．”可知，空格處進一步解釋說明電影觀眾沒有明確的目的。選項G能夠承上啟下。]
3．D　[根據空前“When they leave the movie theater，these moviegoers don't want to talk to anyone about the movie．”可知，設空處應該說明的是電影觀眾離開電影院時的表現。選項D承接上文。]
4．A　[根據上文“They may want to forget something，or escape from the lives they are leading．Or they may want to see a film they liked years ago．”以及空后“they are the hopeless addicts who，quite simply，like movies”可知，設空處應說明的是不管他們有著什么目的，他們只是喜歡電影。選項A能夠承上啟下。]
5．F　[根據空前“The only thing I would challenge in this definition is the word hopeless．”以及空后“but they come to the movies filled with hope”可知，空格處與“hopeless”有關，且與下文為轉折關系。選項F與下文為轉折關系，符合語境。故選F。]
Passage 2
(2024·山東棗莊一模)
It's been estimated that people touch their cell phones hundreds of times every day．That means plenty of opportunities for germs to move from our fingers to our phones．
1 But a recent study found more than 17，000 bacterial gene copies on the phones of high school students．
One of the worst places to use cell phones is in the bathroom． 2 .
Studies have found that our mobile phones are much dirtier than toilet seats．Just as an expert puts it，taking a phone into the bathroom and then leaving with it is kind of like going in，not washing your hands and then coming back out．
While many of us wash our hands regularly after going to the bathroom，we seldom consider washing our hands after touching our phones． 3 .
You can use alcohol-based wipes or sprays to clean your phone regularly．They need to contain at least 70% alcohol to disinfect phone casings and touch screens． 4 Remember to sanitize (消毒) your phone charger occasionally when you are cleaning your phone．And wash your hands thoroughly after you've finished cleaning．
5 Get in the habit of putting your phone away when it's not in use，then cleaning your hands．When not at home，keep your phone in your pocket or bag．Use a disposable paper list of to-do items，rather than constantly consulting your phone．
Do not share your phone with others if you have not first sanitized it．If children are allowed to play with your phone，sanitize it as soon as possible afterward．
A．Do it every day if possible．
B．How you handle your phone will also be critical．
C．So it's clear that you keep away from your phone．
D．When toilets flush，they spread germs everywhere．
E．The more germs they collect，the more germs you touch．
F．Research has varied on how many germs are on an average phone．
G．Fortunately，there are easy ways to avoid your phone collecting germs．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些讓手機保持清潔的方法。
1．F　[根據空后“But a recent study found more than 17，000 bacterial gene copies on the phones of high school students．”可知，本句主要引出后文關于手機上有多少細菌的話題，故F項符合語境。]
2．D　[根據空前“One of the worst places to use cell phones is in the bathroom．”可知，本句承接上文，繼續說明為什么衛生間是最不適合使用手機的地方之一。故D項符合語境。]
3．G　[根據空前“While many of us wash our hands regularly after going to the bathroom，we seldom consider washing our hands after touching our phones．”以及下一段中“You can use alcohol-based wipes or sprays to clean your phone regularly．”可知，本句與上文構成轉折，指出可以避免手機上的細菌。故G項符合語境。]
4．A　[根據空前“You can use alcohol-based wipes or sprays to clean your phone regularly．They need to contain at least 70% alcohol to disinfect phone casings and touch screens．”可知，上文提到了用酒精給手機消毒，故本句承接上文，說明消毒的頻率。故A項符合語境。]
5．B　[根據后文可知，本段主要講述了如何使用手機來避免細菌。故B選項“如何使用手機也很關鍵。”符合語境。]
Passage 3
(2024·浙江義烏二模)
I am always confused when reading statements like “Princeton University is the number one college in the United States．” Are those who attend Princeton inherently brighter than their peers 1 Or is Princeton the best across all academic subjects overall
I didn't care about college rankings for years until I recently saw something different．This past October，Shanghai Ranking Consultancy unveiled the Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2023，which assesses universities worldwide across 55 subjects in five disciplines． 2 And this makes it easier for prospective students to choose the best college for their specific subject．
3 When I delved deeper into the methodology behind these rankings，I discovered a complex web of criteria，including academic reputation，research output，and international collaboration． 4 However，they do not capture the entirety of the college experience．Factors like campus culture，extracurricular opportunities，and faculty-student interactions can profoundly shape your undergraduate years，yet they often remain unquantifiable in ranking systems．
5 What may be the ideal environment for one student pursuing engineering might not suit another studying literature．It's crucial to consider your personal preferences，career aspirations，and learning style when evaluating potential colleges．While prestigious universities may offer unparalleled resources and networking opportunities，a smaller，lesser-known college might provide a more nurturing and supportive environment for your individual growth and development．Ultimately，the best college for you is the one that aligns with your values，ambitions，and vision for the future．
A．The value of a university education goes beyond its ranking．
B．Is Princeton the most beautiful campus all around the world
C．Is Princeton able to produce more geniuses upon graduation
D．That being said，how much weight should be given to these rankings
E．Actually，the concept of a “best” college is subjective and context-dependent．
F．These measures provide valuable insights into the academic strength of universities．
G．It is said to employ a more in-depth approach to evaluate the performance of universities．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。文章談論了對大學排名的質疑。
1．C　[上文“I am always confused when reading statements like...who attend Princeton inherently brighter than their peers？”及下文“Or is Princeton the best across all academic subjects overall？”說明作者對“普林斯頓大學是美國第一大學”這樣的說法表示質疑，所以一連問了一系列的問題，選項C是對此質疑的問題中的一個。]
2．G　[上文“This past October，Shanghai Ranking Consultancy unveiled the Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2023，which assesses universities worldwide across 55 subjects in five disciplines．”說明某公司對大學進行了評估，選項G承接上文，說明據說評估的方法更深入。]
3．D　[上文“And this makes it easier for prospective students to choose the best college for their specific subject．”說明有人認為大學排名使未來的學生更容易為他們的特定專業選擇最好的大學，選項D承接上文，作者對這些排名到底占多少權重進行質疑。]
4．F　[上文“When I delved deeper into the methodology behind these rankings，I discovered a complex web of criteria，including academic reputation，research output，and international collaboration．”說明排名的方法有復雜的標準網絡，包括許多方面，選項F承接上文，說明這些排名對衡量大學有一定的意義。]
5．E　[下文“What may be the ideal environment...the best college for you is the one that aligns with your values，ambitions，and vision for the future．”說明“最好”的大學概念并不是客觀的，要具體情況具體分析，選項E能概括本段主題，是本段主旨句。]
Passage 4
(2024·河北石家莊三模)
Loud noise can be very damaging to your hearing，whether it's a loud burst or years of exposure．Approximately 15 percent of adults 18 years of age or older report some trouble hearing． 1 The good news is that taking action now may protect you from hearing loss later in life．
Get a baseline hearing test．Most people have never had a hearing test． 2 At your next physical，ask for a hearing test as part of your routine checkup．A hearing test gives your audiologist a baseline that they can compare with future results to monitor the progression of hearing loss．
3 While you are watching TV or using mobile devices，keep the volume at a comfortable level．It should be loud enough to make sure you can hear very well，but not so loud that when you leave the room，you can still hear it from another part of your home．
Wear protective hearing devices．Think ear protection before you're exposed to any noisy environment，such as rock concerts or airports．When you are in a noisy environment，wear protective hearing devices such as earplugs or protective earphones． 4 .
Have proper earphones．If you often listen to music on earphones using a portable music or video device，it's a good idea to have earphones that fit the unique shape of your ear canal，and block outside noise． 5 .
A．The risk rises as we age．
B．Monitor the volume of your devices．
C．However，it benefits you to go against that trend．
D．Meanwhile，you will find the sound truly superior．
E．You can find them at your local drugstore or music supply shop．
F．Think about buying appliances and devices that have low noise ratings．
G．You must do something to keep age-related hearing loss from getting worse．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了保護聽力的一些措施。
1．A　[前文“Loud noise can be very damaging to your hearing，whether it's a loud burst or years of exposure．Approximately 15 percent of adults 18 years of age or older report some trouble hearing．”表示巨大的噪音對我們的聽力造成損害，后文“The good news is that taking action now may protect you from hearing loss later in life．”進行邏輯轉折，表示這是可以預防的，A選項與前文描述聽力損失的現象一致，進一步說明風險會隨著衰老而變大。故選A。]
2．C　[空前“Most people have never had a hearing test．”表示大多數人從來沒有進行過聽力測試，且后文“At your next physical，ask for a hearing test as part of your routine checkup．”同樣表明應進行聽力測試，C選項表示進行聽力測試對自己有好處，承上啟下，與前文進行轉折，引出下文。故選C。]
3．B　[空后“While you are watching TV or using mobile devices，keep the volume at a comfortable level．”表示應監測音量大小來保護聽力，B項“Monitor the volume of your devices．(監控設備的音量。)”可以概括本段主旨。故選B。]
4．E　[空前“When you are in a noisy environment，wear protective hearing devices such as earplugs or protective earphones．”表示在嘈雜環境中應佩戴耳塞或者耳機來保護耳朵，E選項表示如何購買這些物品，them指代前一句中的“protective hearing devices such as earplugs or protective earphones”。]
5．D　[空前“If you often listen to music on earphones using a portable music or video device，it's a good idea to have earphones that fit the unique shape of your ear canal，and block outside noise．”表示應選擇合適的耳機，D選項表示選擇合適耳機的另外的好處，是前一句的補充說明。]
針對性訓練15　閱讀七選五——代詞線索
Passage 1
(2024·浙江寧波二模)
The solution to any despair might be hope，experts say．It's believing in a brighter future and acting towards it． 1 Here are strategies that can help cultivate hope．As Hellman，an assistant professor of psychology at Suffolk University in Boston，points out，“Hope begets hope，and it has such a significant protective factor．”
2 Make it a point to always be working towards at least one goal that's meaningful，Hellman advises．In other words，it shouldn't be something you have to do but something you want to do．“Goals can be anything that's important to us，” he says．
Brainstorm solutions．If you've set a goal that's meaningful to you，but you can't figure out a way to achieve it，you'll probably feel pretty hopeless．People who are high in hope，meanwhile，tend to generate lots of ways． 3 If you're struggling to make a plan，Hellman suggests sitting down with a pen and paper and giving yourself an hour to brainstorm solutions．
Seek out success stories．It's said that people cultivate hope by seeking support from their parents and specific teachers．But they also got a lot out of learning about other people who have done well for themselves．Hellman says，“ 4 ”
Tap into your imagination．Hellman thinks of imagination as “the instrument of hope”．Let's say you set a goal for the week．Spend a few minutes reflecting on or talking about what would happen if you achieved it．“How does it impact you，or how would it benefit others？” he says．“ 5 And when you can see yourself in the future，that is the very essence of hope．”
A．Do something meaningful．
B．Think in a goal-oriented way．
C．It can be taught and nurtured．
D．With these good examples，people are bound to be successful．
E．By seeing other people succeed，they feel like they could succeed．
F．You and I have this wonderful capacity to play a movie in our head．
G．So，if one doesn't work out，they have an alternative at the ready．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些培養希望的策略。
1．C　[根據空前“The solution to any despair might be hope，experts say．It's believing in a brighter future and acting towards it．”以及空后“Here are strategies that can help cultivate hope．”可知，本句主要啟示后文，指出希望可以被培養，C項中“It”對應上文中“hope”。故C項符合語境。]
2．B　[根據空后“Make it a point to always be working towards at least one goal that's meaningful，Hellman advises．In other words，it shouldn't be something you have to do but something you want to do．‘Goals can be anything that's important to us，'he says．”可知，本段的主旨是通過制定目標來采取行動，故B項符合語境。]
3．G　[根據空前“Brainstorm solutions...meanwhile，tend to generate lots of ways．”可知，設空處承接上文，構成因果關系，指出想出很多辦法的結果。故G項符合語境。]
4．E　[根據空前“Seek out success stories...who have done well for themselves．Hellman says，”可知，本句主要引用Hellman關于尋找成功事跡的言論和論點，故E選項“By seeing other people succeed，they feel like they could succeed．(看到別人成功，他們覺得自己也能成功。)”符合語境。]
5．F　[根據空前“Tap into your imagination...he says．”以及空后“And when you can see yourself in the future，that is the very essence of hope．”可知，本段的主旨是在大腦中發揮想象力，從而獲得希望。故F項符合語境，故選F。]
Passage 2
(2024·湖南常德一模)
One thing that's never in short supply at the beginning of each new year 1 But many of us fail to stick with our New Year's resolutions months (or even weeks) after making them．It turns out there are commonly avoided mistakes．That explains why some people always seem to reach their goals while others keep falling short．
2 If you fail to pick the right habit，you aren't likely to accomplish the corresponding goal．Say you want to lose some weight this year，forming a habit of running 30 minutes a day may not help you do that if you don't also form habits related to the foods you eat，because diet affects weight more than exercise． 3 Failure to establish habits that support your goals may cause your resolutions to flop before you begin．
Another common mistake people make when setting goals is becoming overly concerned about the amount of time it will take to form a new habit．There's no one right answer when it comes to how long new habits should take to form． 4 Some people simply adopt new habits faster than other people and that complex habits usually take longer to form．Consider how easy it is to brush your teeth at night compared to reading a full chapter of a book each day．
So the yearly ritual of resolution setting doesn't have to be an annual disappointment．Sometimes，the difference between success and failure is simply choosing the right habits and the process you use to go about achieving it．Most importantly，remember to be kind and flexible with yourself and to celebrate any and all progress along the way． 5 .
A．Good intentions．
B．Congratulations and best wishes．
C．It's essential to choose a habit you think enjoyable．
D．In other words，you must also readjust your diet．
E．A common error many people make is not choosing right habits．
F．It depends on what habit you're trying to develop and who you are．
G．It's not just the end goal that matters—it's the journey along the way．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要分析了無法實現制定的目標的原因，指出了選擇正確的習慣并堅持下去的重要性。
1．A　[根據空前“One thing that's never in short supply at the beginning of each new year？”可知，設空處應該是對該句所提問題的回答；結合下一句可知，在新年伊始就不會缺少的東西應該是制定的計劃、目標，選項A符合這層含義，承上啟下。]
2．E　[根據第一段中“It turns out there are commonly avoided mistakes．”和第三段第一句可知，設空處應該描述了人們在設定目標時常犯的一個錯誤；選項E指出了人們常犯的一個錯誤是沒有選擇正確的習慣，空后一句進一步說明了沒有選擇正確的習慣會造成的結果，銜接合理，符合語境。]
3．D　[根據上一句可知，如果想要減肥，就要重新調整現在的飲食，養成良好的飲食習慣；選項D與其語義相符，更明確地解釋了上文。]
4．F　[根據空前一句和空后一句可知，不同的人和不同的習慣所需要的時間都是不同的，選項F中的“It”指代上一句中所提到的“how long new habits should take to form”，指出了習慣養成的時間取決于不同的人和不同的習慣，與下一句意思相符，下一句是對選項F的具體說明。]
5．G　[根據空前一句可知，在實現目標的過程中要善待自己，并慶祝自己的每一個進步。選項G強調了在實現目標時要關注整個過程，是對上一句的補充說明和總結，符合語境。]
Passage 3
(2024·湖南張家界二模)
It's obvious that our society favors the outgoing personality，so being introverted (內向的) has always been seen as something that needs to be “fixed”．However，there is no fault in being introverted． 1 .
Introverts have hidden powers． 2 While others are busy chatting，introverts observe things most people are unaware of．Sometimes we can even read people．While it may seem introverts are always zoned out，we're actually analyzing and thinking of creative ideas to one day share with you．
Introverts also keep the world balanced．In a world that can't stop talking，the ability to listen to what each other has to say is an important virtue that will assist us in building peaceful relationships of understanding． 3 By listening to whatever people pour out，introverts help maintain the order of the world．
Introverts can self-recharge．Though the outgoing may gain their energy through mixing in crowds，introverts are self-recharging powerhouses． 4 Their energy is found through loneliness．
5 In the noise of chatterboxes，their voices often get drowned out．There's nothing more disappointing to an introvert than finally taking advantage of a moment to speak，only to be interrupted by the extroverts (外向者)．While extroverts may speak every thought that comes to mind，an introvert will choose their thoughts carefully and only speak of the ones they think their best to share．So next time，all you have to do is to be willing to listen．
A．Unluckily，introverts are faced with a big challenge．
B．And this is exactly what our introverts are born with．
C．Introverts have shown the potential to be great leaders．
D．Extroverted people would have no one to listen to them．
E．Instead，we should appreciate introverts for various reasons．
F．They don't need to constantly put themselves out there to be lively．
G．Just because we introverts don't say much doesn't always mean we're clueless．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了內向性格的特點、優勢以及面臨的挑戰，旨在糾正社會對內向性格的偏見，并強調了其積極的一面。
1．E　[根據空前“However，there is no fault in being introverted．”可知，作者認為內向性格沒有過錯。選項E延續上文內容，指出內向并沒有錯，同時引出下文對內向性格的優點的介紹。]
2．G　[根據空后“While others are busy ...and thinking of creative ideas to one day share with you．”可知，內向的人不說話有可能是在思考或分析。選項G與下文內容相符，指的是內向的人不說話并不意味著內向的人毫無頭緒，他們只是在思考。故選G。]
3．B　[根據空后“By listening to whatever people pour out，introverts help maintain the order of the world．”可知，內向的人會傾聽別人的傾訴。選項B中的“this”指的是上文“In a world that can't stop talking，the ability to listen to what each other has to say is an important virtue that will assist us in building peaceful relationships of understanding．”中的“the ability to listen to what each other has to say”，也就是傾聽的能力，同時引出下文，這種特質可以讓內向的人維持世界的秩序。]
4．F　[根據空前“Though the outgoing may gain their energy through mixing in crowds，introverts are self-recharging powerhouses．”以及空后“Their energy is found through loneliness．”可知，外向的人和內向的人獲得能量的方式不同。選項F延續上文內容，指的是內向的人自我充電，不需要表現活潑，他們的能量來自自己。]
5．A　[根據下文可知，本段主要講述的是內向的人的聲音經常被淹沒，由此可知，這是內向的人所面臨的挑戰。選項A與本段內容相符，指的是內向的人有一個巨大的挑戰。]
Passage 4
(2024·河北唐山一模)
Despite what most people might think，you really don't need much time to work out．In fact，even ten to twenty minutes of challenging exercise a few times a week is enough to burn fat，build muscle，boost strength，and contribute to a healthy，active lifestyle． 1 .
But sometimes，the resistance isn't really about the actual time the workout takes．It's about the energy it takes to get ready for it．Maybe your stress levels are over the top，or your energy levels have been so low that you keep talking yourself out of a workout．Or maybe you just don't want to get all sweaty and have to take a shower afterward． 2 In such fast-paced life，we're all struggling．But when it comes to exercise，being healthy and fit isn't as black and white as the fitness world tries to make it seem． 3 Doing something is always better than nothing when it comes to movement．Micro workouts，like getting out for a fifteen-minute walk instead of doing the strength training workout，are significantly better than doing nothing at all．
4 They are time-saving，since they can be done in seconds or in as little time as 15－20 minutes．They require minimum space and equipment．Many can be done at home，in the park，or even while waiting in the checkout line．They are also money-saving as these can be done without a gym membership，coach，trainer，or class instructor．
So in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle，make time to move． 5 If all the movements like push-ups and pull-ups add up，you will still get many of the same benefits of a longer，harder workout．
A．These are understandable excuses．
B．Fitness can be simple，easy and convenient．
C．The advantages of micro workouts are apparent．
D．Try to add in micro workouts throughout the day．
E．No matter how busy you are，you have time to exercise．
F．Micro workouts are being backed up by trainers and science．
G．Being healthy is really more important than you can imagine．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章指出，盡管許多人認為需要長時間鍛煉才能保持健康，但實際上，每周幾次的10至20分鐘高強度鍛煉就足以燃燒脂肪、增強肌肉、提高力量，并促進健康活躍的生活方式。
1．E　[上文“Despite what most people might think...build muscle，boost strength，and contribute to a healthy，active lifestyle．”提出鍛煉其實不需要太多時間，每周幾次10到20分鐘的具有挑戰性的運動即可。E項承接上文，構成因果關系，因為鍛煉其實不需要太多時間，所以不管有多忙，你都有時間鍛煉，上下文語意連貫。]
2．A　[上文“Maybe your stress levels are over the top，or your energy levels have been so low that you keep talking yourself out of a workout．Or maybe you just don't want to get all sweaty and have to take a shower afterward．”列舉了人們不想鍛煉的幾個借口，A項是對上文的總結，句中“These”指代上文列舉的內容。]
3．B　[結合前文觀點和上文“But when it comes to exercise，being healthy and fit isn't as black and white as the fitness world tries to make it seem．”可知，健康和健美并非像健身界所說的那樣，一定花很多時間和精力來堅持，B項承接上文，明確觀點：健身可以簡單、輕松、方便，并不復雜，與本文主題一致。]
4．C　[下文“They are time-saving...class instructor．”詳細介紹了微鍛煉的優點，是對C項內容的說明。C項為段首主題句。]
5．D　[上文“So in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle，make time to move．”提出騰出時間運動的建議，D項承接上文，進一步提出逐漸增加鍛煉內容的要求，下文“If all the movements like push-ups and pull-ups add up，you will still get many of the same benefits of a longer，harder workout．”說明這樣做的結果，上下文語意連貫。]
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