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(共139張PPT)
第一部分 復習講義
板塊一 閱讀
第二講　推理判斷題
專題一 閱讀四選一
一、隱含信息題
1．考查內容
隱含信息題要求根據語篇內容，推斷具體細節，如時間、地點、人物關系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據短文提供的信息或者借助生活常識進行推理判斷。
2．設問方式
注意題干中常用的五個動詞：infer、 indicate、 imply、 suggest (暗示)、 conclude。
該類題型常見的設題形式有：
①It can be inferred/concluded from the text that___________．
②The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that___________．
③What can we infer about ...
二、觀點態度題
1．考查內容
考生要通過分析文中的用詞、語氣和對細節的描述來體會字里行間流露的情感或態度，從而推斷出作者或文中人物的言外之意。
2．設問方式
①How does the author feel about ...
②What does the author think of ...
③What is the author's attitude towards/to ...
三、寫作意圖題
1．考查內容
一般來說，作者通過文章中所提供的事實使讀者信服某種想法或觀點。這種題型要求考生在理解文章大意的基礎上進行歸納總結和推理判斷。
2．設問方式
①What is the main purpose of the text
②What is the author's purpose in writing this passage
③For what purpose did the author write the passage
④The writer writes this passage in order to_____________．
四、文章出處題或作者身份/讀者對象題
1．考查內容
根據文章的體裁和題材來推斷文章的出處或類別。讀者對象題要求根據文章內容和文中的措辭推斷文章的讀者對象。
2．設問方式
①Where is this text most likely from
②Where is this text probably taken from
③The passage is probably intended for_________．
【典例】(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解C篇)
Digital texts，audio and video all have educational roles，especially when providing resources not available in print．However，for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for，educators shouldn't assume all media are the same，even when they contain identical words．
隱含信息題——關鍵詞句細推敲
31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques．
B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material ．
C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education．
D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored．
√
解題分析：根據選段的“However”可知，“However”后面的內容是作者要強調的內容。作者認為：為了最大限度地提高需要集中注意力和反思的學習效果，教育者不應該假設所有媒體都是一樣的，即使它們包含相同的詞匯。作者還是強調紙質書的作用不可替代。
【圖解技巧】
【典例】(2024·全國甲卷·閱讀理解C篇)
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day．The train's equipment allows for basic checkups．“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke．“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want．”
觀點態度題——“忠于措辭”定答案
31．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services
A．Appreciative． B．Doubtful．
C．Ambiguous． D．Cautious．
√
解題分析：根據選段Ducke的話“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants...‘They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want．’”可知，Ducke對圣盧卡斯火車提供的服務表示贊賞。
【圖解技巧】
【典例】(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷·閱讀理解D篇)
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives，we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future，and this is where AI by Design：A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in．This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (變革)．
寫作意圖題——文體特點推意圖
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代碼) that powers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable．She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI．
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，AI is already super-smart and will become more capable，moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence．From there，Campbell says，will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence．
This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place．She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence，or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse．
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it．She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity．We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out．Such structured thinking，followed by global regulation，will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall．
AI will affect us all，and if you only read one book on the subject，this is it．
35．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To recommend a book on AI．
B．To give a brief account of AI history．
C．To clarify the definition of AI．
D．To honor an outstanding AI expert．
√
解題分析：通讀全文可知，第一段介紹了新書《人工智能設計》；第二段介紹了本書作者的背景；第三到四段概述了書中的主要論點和觀點，及其意義；第五段進行總結，再次強烈推薦這本書。由此可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是推薦一本有關AI的書。
【圖解技巧】
【典例】(2023·新課標Ⅱ卷·閱讀理解C篇)
...
In this “book of books” ， artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures．We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations．Adults are portrayed(描繪) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure．These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate to．
文章出處題——鎖定細節判出處
...
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated．From a 21st-century point of view，the printed book is certainly ancient，but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader．To serve its function，a book must be activated by a user：the cover opened，the pages parted，the contents reviewed，perhaps notes written down or words underlined．And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked，a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，“off-line” activity．
28．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book．
B．An essay on the art of writing．
C．A guidebook to a museum．
D．A review of modern paintings．
√
解題分析：根據語段中的“In this ‘book of books’ ， artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures．”以及最后一段中的“From a 21st-century point of view，the printed book is certainly ancient，but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader．”可推知，本文最有可能出自一本印刷書的扉頁，即對該書的介紹。
【圖解技巧】
【典例】(2021·全國乙卷·閱讀理解D篇)
During an interview for one of my books，my interviewer said something I still think about often．Annoyed by the level of distraction (干擾) in his open office，he said，“That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus．” His comment struck me as strange．After all，coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局)．But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works．
作者身份/讀者對象題——主題措辭找對象
35．What can we infer about the author from the text
A．He's a news reporter．
B．He's an office manager．
C．He's a professional designer．
D．He's a published writer．
√
解題分析：通過關鍵信息“During an interview for one of my books，my interviewer said something I still think about often．”可以推測出作者的身份是一位出版作家。
【圖解技巧】
Passage 1
(2024·安徽合肥二模)
When I was a teenage boy，my parents signed me up in a local junior golf camp．From that moment，my life has been pretty much devoted to the game．
隨堂演練促遷移
When I play golf，there's always a chance of making something magical happen—whether it's breaking a personal record or potentially making a hole-in-one．This is the aspect of golf that attracted me in growing up．However，I had to take a break because I couldn't really afford to play while in college，suffering from burnout．I'd still go out once in a while to play with friends，but for the first time since my teens，I was away from my community．
Several years later，my enthusiasm for playing golf was inspired again．I became familiar with the game again after playing on and off at Langston Golf Course．From the moment I arrived，this place felt like one of the courses where I grew up：A modest spot where people of all working-class backgrounds came to experience the game，eat lunch or have a drink．A place where golfers who are black，brown and women are welcomed．
The sense of community I've regained with the game is more than I could have ever imagined．I like hiking around，chasing a little white ball around a golf course．I also like connecting with old friends and meeting new ones．Some I've been playing with since high school，and our text threads are loaded with trash talk about who's playing well and who isn't．They're usually the ones spurring me to practice and get better．We share experiences on the golf course that are memorable and have stories for days：My circle only seems to be expanding，and I'm excited to see what the future holds．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者與高爾夫球的深厚情感，不僅僅是將其視為一項運動，更是一種生活方式和社交方式。
1．Why was the author once away from his golf community
A．He couldn't spare time to play golf．
B．He didn't feel a sense of achievement．
C．He wanted to make more new friends．
D．He tried to get out of his parents' control．
√
A　[推理判斷題。根據文章第二段中“However，I had to take a break because I couldn't really afford to play while in college，suffering from burnout．”可推知，作者曾經離開他的高爾夫社區是因為他抽不出時間去打高爾夫。]
√
2．What does the author say about Langston Golf Course
A．It carried his past memories．
B．It reminded him to keep modest．
C．It offered him a sense of belonging．
D．It witnessed his accomplishments．
C　[推理判斷題。根據文章第三段中“From the moment I arrived，this place felt like one of the courses where I grew up...brown and women are welcomed．”可知，作者認為Langston Golf Course給了他一種歸屬感。]
√
3．What does the underlined word “spurring” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Hating． B．Warning．
C．Forbidding D．Pushing．
D　[詞義猜測題。根據下文“We share experiences on the golf course that are memorable and have stories for days：My circle only seems to be expanding，and I'm excited to see what the future holds．”可知，他們通常是激勵作者練習和變得更好的人。由此可知，spurring意為“激勵，促進”。]
√
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Golf：My Journey to Greatness
B．Golf：More Than a Game to Me
C．Discovering Enthusiasm for Golf
D．Pursuing Perfection Through Golf
B　[標題歸納題。文章主要講述了作者與高爾夫球的深厚情感，不僅僅是將其視為一項運動，更是一種生活方式和社交方式。因此，最適合的標題是“Golf：More Than a Game to Me(高爾夫：對我來說不僅僅是游戲)”。]
Passage 2
(2024·江西景德鎮三模)
Artificial intelligence (AI) is showing promise in earthquake prediction，challenging the long-held belief that it is impossible．Researchers at the University of Texas，Austin，have developed an AI algorithm (算法) that correctly predicted 70% of earthquakes a week in advance during a trial in China and provided accurate strength calculations for the predicted earthquakes．
The research team believes their method succeeded because they stuck with a relatively simple machine learning approach．The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team's knowledge of earthquake physics，and then instructed to train itself using a five-year database of earthquake recordings．Once trained，the AI provided its prediction by listening for signs of incoming earthquakes within the background rumblings (隆隆聲) in the Earth．
This work is clearly a milestone in research for AI-driven earthquake prediction．“You don't see earthquakes coming，” explains Alexandros Savvaidis，a senior research scientist who leads the Texas Seismological Network Program (TexNet)．“It's a matter of milliseconds，and the only thing you can control is how prepared you are．Even with the 70% accuracy，that's a huge result and could help minimize economic and human losses and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide．”
While it is unknown whether the same approach will work at other locations，the researchers are confident that their AI algorithm could produce more accurate predictions if used in areas with reliable earthquake tracking networks．The next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas，since UT's Bureau TexNet has 300 earthquake stations and over six years' worth of continuous records，making it an ideal location for these purposes．
Eventually，the authors hope to combine the system with physics-based models．This strategy could prove especially important where data is poor or lacking．“That may be a long way off，but many advances such as this one，taken together，are what moves science forward，” concludes Scott Tinker，the bureau's director．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了得克薩斯大學奧斯汀分校的研究人員開發的一種人工智能算法。這種算法在中國的地震預測試驗中成功預測了70%的地震，并能提前一周準確計算出預測地震的強度。
√
5．What can be concluded from the passage
A．AI can predict the earthquake entirely accurately．
B．The researchers have used a complex machine learning approach．
C．AI can forecast earthquakes by analyzing background sounds in the Earth．
D．The researchers have combined statistical features with physics-based models．
C　[推理判斷題。根據文章第二段最后一句可知，人工智能能通過分析地球背景聲音中的跡象來預測地震。故選C。]
√
6．What does the follow-up research focus on
A．Applying the AI to other fields．
B．Conducting tests in different locations．
C．Building more earthquake stations in Texas．
D．Enlarging the database to train the calculation accuracy．
B　[細節理解題。根據文章第四段最后一句可知，后續研究的重點是在不同的地點進行測試。故選B項。]
√
7．Which of the following best describes the earthquake-predicting technology
A．Reliable but outdated．
B．Effective but expensive．
C．Potential and cost-effective．
D．Groundbreaking and promising．
D　[推理判斷題。根據文章第三段第一句和最后一句可知，作者認為地震預測技術具有突破性和發展前景。故選D。]
√
8．What is the author's purpose in writing this article
A．To discuss the limitations of the AI algorithm．
B．To highlight the challenges of earthquake prediction．
C．To promote the University of Texas's research program．
D．To inform the advancements in AI-driven earthquake forecasting．
D　[推理判斷題。根據文章第一段第一句和第三段第一句可知，作者的目的是介紹人工智能在地震預測方面的發展和前景，讓讀者了解相關信息。故選D。]
Passage 1
(2024·浙江東陽三模)
You've probably followed a few cute dogs and cats on social media．However，are you aware that AI-generated pets are also gaining popularity nowadays They are not just as adorable as real dogs and cats but also show human-like characteristics．
針對性訓練3　閱讀理解——推理判斷題(1)
Chai Dada operates an AI-created dog account on Xiaohongshu，attracting over 10，000 followers．Her AI-generated pet Zhuangzhuang is a fluffy Shiba Inu with a big belly who likes to eat and work out．“Zhuangzhuang is actually a mirror of myself，” Chai said．“Its life and mood basically reflect my own．”
In 2023，AI tools fascinated Chai．She used them to create animal characters behaving like humans，sharing them on Xiaohongshu for joy．Zhuangzhuang，the cutest and most representative，captured her heart．
To bring Zhuangzhuang to life，Chai places it in various daily life scenarios．For instance，during the recent “hui nan tian”—the super humid (潮濕的) weather in southern China—Chai shared images of Zhuangzhuang mopping a wet floor，with the words，“It's wet everywhere at home”， vividly capturing the mood．In the comments section，many people have expressed sympathy for the poor dog．
“Many scenes may seem ordinary，but when a very lifelike and adorable anthropomorphic (擬人化的) pet appears in these familiar scenes，it looks interesting，” Chai said．Since Zhuangzhuang is closely like a human in a dog's body，many followers have come to believe in its real existence．This popularity has opened doors for Chai to cooperate with brands for product promotions．Aiming to expand her reach，Chai desires to explore deeper into AI to bring her AI pet to life in videos，not just photos．She has noticed a growing trend of AI pet
bloggers，making the competition in this industry fierce．To attract more fans，bloggers are constantly learning more AI skills and brainstorming to create more interesting storylines．“I want to develop Zhuangzhuang into an intellectual property and create related cultural and creative products such as dolls and stickers，” said Chai．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講的是人工智能寵物在社交媒體上的興起和受歡迎程度，特別是通過具體案例——Chai Dada通過為其人工智能寵物Zhuangzhuang塑造人格化的特點，如喜歡吃東西、鍛煉等，并將其置于各種日常生活場景中，成功吸引了一萬多名的粉絲。
1．What do we know about the AI pet Zhuangzhuang
A．It is a digital recreation of Chai's childhood．
B．It is a virtual representation of a real Shiba Inu．
C．It mirrors the life and personality of its creator．
D．It has gained over one million followers online．
√
C　[推理判斷題。根據第二段的“Zhuangzhuang is actually...Its life and mood basically reflect my own．”可推知，人工智能寵物Zhuangzhuang反映了創作者的生活和個性。故選C項。]
2．Why is the “hui nan tian” example mentioned in the text
A．To show the fun Zhuangzhuang brings to Chai．
B．To describe Zhuangzhuang's daily struggles．
C．To suggest Zhuangzhuang's growing fan base．
D．To illustrate how Chai humanizes Zhuangzhuang．
√
D　[推理判斷題。根據第四段“To bring Zhuangzhuang to life，Chai places it in various daily life scenarios．For instance ...dog．”再結合上文內容可推知，“回南天”的例子是為了說明Chai如何將Zhuangzhuang人性化。故選D項。]
3．What does Chai plan to do
A．Perfect Zhuangzhuang's features．
B．Cooperate with other AI pet creators．
C．Write a book featuring Zhuangzhuang．
D．Create lifelike videos of Zhuangzhuang．
√
D　[細節理解題。根據最后一段的“Aiming to expand her reach，Chai desires to explore deeper into AI to bring her AI pet to life in videos，not just photos．”可知，為了擴大自己的影響力，Chai希望更深入地探索人工智能，讓她的人工智能寵物在視頻中栩栩如生，而不僅僅是照片。因此，Chai打算制作逼真的Zhuangzhuang的視頻。故選D項。]
4．What would be the best title for the passage
A．AI-generated Pets Find Followers
B．The Rise of AI Tools in Creating Animal Characters
C．New Pets and Their Competitors
D．AI Pet Bloggers：Competing for Attention in the Digital World
√
A　[標題歸納題。根據第一段“You've probably...They are not just as adorable as real dogs and cats but also show human-like characteristics．”以及全文內容可知，本文主要講述了人工智能寵物在社交媒體上的興起和受歡迎程度。因此A項“AI-generated Pets Find Followers(人工智能寵物找到了追隨者)”適合作本文的標題。故選A項。]
Passage 2
(2024·山東省實驗中學二模)
The words “caring” and “empathetic(共情的)” aren't ones normally associated with technology．Yearsley，an Australian enterpriser who is expert in artificial intelligence (AI)，is trying to change that．
Yearsley is the founder of Akin，a robotics start-up that currently uses a tablet-based system to help users manage the tasks related to home life，whether that's planning meals or reminding you to pay your cell phone bill．Current home devices made by Google or Amazon or Apple use predictive AI to track patterns，strengthen behavior and manipulate(操控) buying decisions，some of which，she assumes，are questionable or just unhealthy．
In contrast，the AI that she is developing will be designed to run the human home，encouraging healthy decisions such as taking a nightly walk，refilling the fridge and supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday celebrations with friends．“It's the hardest AI I have ever built for it's a complex system，” Yearsley says．
Yearsley began developing the Akin technology in 2017，when she realized the need to better manage the home is hugely ignored．Besides，she realized that women unequally bear the burden of household work．A United Nations report estimates that women do 2.6 times the amount of unpaid care and domestic work that men do，or close to 30 hours per week in the U．S．alone．
While Yearsley pictures an army of robots someday helping with routine home-made tasks，the first display for Akin will take time and money．Akin has received some early seed money from a handful of investors，and was recently selected as a finalist for tech giant LG Nova's Mission for the Future program，an annual challenge that seeks to identify businesses having potential to improve life and lead society into the future．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。機器人科學公司Akin的創始人Yearsley正在開發的人工智能系統將為用戶帶來體貼和人性化的家庭管理服務，使“關懷”和“同理心”不再與技術無關。
5．What might the Akin's AI system suggest
A．Consuming more drinks to enjoy yourself．
B．Staying up late working to make more money．
C．Spending more time staying with your family．
D．Purchasing products that may attract you．
√
C　[推理判斷題。根據第三段第一句可知，Akin的人工智能系統可能會建議與家人一起度過更多時間。]
6．What made Yearsley develop the Akin's AI system
A．The high cost of current home devices．
B．Heavy burden of housewives．
C．Financial support from investors．
D．Akin's becoming a finalist for a program．
√
B　[細節理解題。根據第四段第一、二句可知，Yearsley的AI系統研發的因素之一是家庭主婦的重擔。]
7．What can be used to describe the Akin's AI system
A．Popular and promising．
B．Stable and secure．
C．Thoughtful and innovative．
D．Mature and ideal．
√
C　[推理判斷題。根據第二段第二句“Current home devices made by Google or Amazon or Apple use predictive AI to track patterns，strengthen behavior and manipulate buying decisions，some of which，she assumes，are questionable or just unhealthy．”和第三段的“In contrast，the AI that she is developing will be designed to run the human home，encouraging healthy decisions such as taking a nightly walk，refilling the fridge and supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday celebrations with friends．”可知，Akin公司的人工智能系統是考慮周到的且新穎的。]
8．What's the purpose of the text
A．To introduce a futuristic AI system．
B．To compare two companies' AI systems．
C．To call on people to care about housewives．
D．To seek support for an AI expert．
√
A　[寫作目的題。根據最后一段最后一句并結合全文可知，本文的目的是介紹Akin公司的一套未來人工智能系統。]
Passage 3
(2024·湖南雅禮中學一模)
Having high self-control is often seen as a good thing．It's believed to be the key to success in life．But as suggested in a theory published by Professor Thomas Lynch，it may not always be a good thing—and for some，it could be linked to certain mental health problems．
According to Lynch's theory，everyone leans (偏向) more towards one of two personality styles：under control or overcontrol．Being under controlled or overcontrolled is neither good nor bad because most of us are psychologically flexible，and can adapt to different situations．So，regardless of whether we're overcontrolled or under controlled，this flexibility helps us deal with life's challenges and setbacks in a constructive way．
But when we are much less flexible，both under control and overcontrol can become problematic．Most of us are probably more familiar with highly under controlled people，who may struggle to control their emotions and whose behavior may be unpredictable．This can negatively affect their relationships，education，work，and health．
Unfortunately，overcontrol isn't talked about as much．This may be because overcontrolled characteristics—such as persistence，the ability to make plans and stick to them，pursuing perfection，and being in control of emotions—are often highly regarded in our society．
However，highly overcontrolled people may struggle to adapt to changes．They may be less open to new experiences．They may experience bitter feelings of envy towards others，and struggle to relax and have fun in many social situations．They may also use fewer gestures，and rarely smile or cry．Together，these may make a person more likely to experience social isolation and loneliness．This may eventually cause their mental health to worsen．
Alongside his theory，Lynch also developed a treatment designed to treat issues of overcontrol．It helps overcontrolled people by teaching them how to let go of the need to always be in control，be more open about their emotions，better communicate with other people，and be more flexible in changing situations．Continued work in the field will hopefully make it easier for people to get the help they need．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了過度控制對心理健康的影響。
9．How does psychological flexibility help people
A．It backs adjusting to changes effectively．
B．It assists in dealing with similar situations．
C．It supports overcoming physical challenges．
D．It encourages choosing the right personality style．
√
A　[細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Being under controlled or overcontrolled is neither good nor bad because most of us are psychologically flexible，and can adapt to different situations．”可知，心理靈活性使人們能夠在生活中靈活地適應不同的情況。因此，心理靈活性有助于人們有效地適應變化。故選A。]
10．Why is overcontrolled personality less talked about
A．It is insignificant．
B．It is underestimated．
C．It fits social values．
D．It has changing features．
√
C　[推理判斷題。根據第四段“Unfortunately，overcontrol isn't talked about as much．This may be because overcontrolled characteristics—such as persistence，the ability to make plans and stick to them，pursuing perfection，and being in control of emotions—are often highly regarded in our society．”可知，過度控制的人的特征
——如堅持不懈、制訂并堅持執行計劃的能力、追求完美和控制情緒——通常在我們的社會中受到高度重視，由此可推知，過度控制的個性符合社會價值觀，所以很少被提及。]
11．What can be inferred about highly overcontrolled people in paragraph 5
A．They ignore their mental health．
B．They know little of body gestures．
C．They experience few new emotions．
D．They have a poor social support network．
√
D　[推理判斷題。根據第五段的“They may experience bitter feelings of envy towards others，...isolation and loneliness．”可知，過度控制的人可能很難適應各種變化，可能不太愿意接受新體驗，可能對他人產生苦澀的嫉妒情緒，也可能難以在社交場合中放松和享受樂趣。這些因素可能使他們更容易經歷社交孤立和孤獨。由此可以推斷出，過度控制的人可能擁有較差的社交支持網。]
12．What is Lynch's suggestion for highly overcontrolled people
A．Accepting more changes．
B．Interacting more with others．
C．Evaluating feelings more often．
D．Releasing more personal needs．
√
B　[推理判斷題。根據最后一段的“It helps ...and be more flexible in changing situations．”可知，Lynch針對過度控制問題研發了一種治療方法：教過度控制的人如何不要總是控制自己的需求，更加開放地表達情感，與他人更好地溝通，并在不斷變化的情況下更具靈活性。由此可推知，Lynch給過度控制的人的建議包括“更多地與他人互動”這一條。]
Passage 1
(2024·山東聊城一模)
A few years ago，I walked into Panera and placed my order．As I sat down，I noticed that at the table next to me，there was an older man with a cap eating his soup alone．At the sight of this，a feeling of sadness began to wash over me．Why was he eating alone Was he lonely Did he want someone to keep him company
針對性訓練4　閱讀理解——推理判斷題(2)
This wasn't the first time I'd felt sad when I noticed someone eating alone．I automatically assume they're lonely and need someone to be there for them．For some reason，eating with other people is the norm．Modern society has evolved to the point where most people eat with others and do almost every activity together．If we need to get lunch before a class，we'd rather ask around to see if someone will come with us．But is it possible we just don't want to appear lonely
For me，it's easy to get pressured to have to be around other people when I see everyone else around me accompanied by a friend almost all the time．So many people are always around someone else，and that may make people think we always need someone with us to feel better about ourselves．
But that's not true．We can enjoy being alone—not everyone needs to be constantly surrounded by friends to be happy．And we shouldn't be afraid to eat alone if that's what we want to do．We don't have to do what everyone else does．
Ultimately，I don't think I'll ever not get sad if I see someone eating alone，but I'll bear in mind that maybe they just want a break from the world，or maybe they prefer it that way．It's important to realize seeing someone doing something alone doesn't always mean they're lonely．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了作者對一個人獨處的一些看法。
1．Why does the author mention her experience at Panera a few years ago
A．To introduce the topic of caring for old people．
B．To start the discussion about people eating alone．
C．To describe a memorable encounter．
D．To illustrate the benefits of eating alone．
√
B　[推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“Why was he eating alone Was he lonely Did he want someone to keep him company？”和第二段中的“This wasn't the first time ...and need someone to be there for them．”可知，作者提到幾年前在Panera的經歷是為了開始討論人們獨自吃飯的問題。故選B。]
2．What does the author think of the norm of eating with other people
A．It is a good way to avoid awkwardness．
B．It helps maintain social connections．
C．It is common but deserves questioning．
D．It is unreasonable and unacceptable．
√
C　[推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“For some reason，eating with other people is the norm...But is it possible we just don't want to appear lonely？”可推知，作者認為和別人吃飯的這種做法很常見，但值得質疑。]
3．How does the author feel when people around her have company but she doesn't
A．Uncomfortable． B．Isolated．
C．Envious． D．Relaxed．
√
A　[細節理解題。根據第三段中的“For me，it's easy to get pressured to have to be around other people when I see everyone else around me accompanied by a friend almost all the time．”可知，當作者周圍的人都有人陪伴，而作者自己卻沒有時，作者感到不舒服。]
4．What message does the author want to convey
A．Social relationships are unnecessary．
B．People need to be alone to recharge．
C．Loneliness is unavoidable in our daily life．
D．Being alone doesn't equate to loneliness．
√
D　[推理判斷題。根據最后一段“It's important to realize seeing someone doing something alone doesn't always mean they're lonely．”可知，作者想要傳達的信息是獨處并不等于孤獨。故選D。]
Passage 2
(2024·河北滄州二模)
Wind turbines (風力發電機) work especially well out in coastal waters，where ocean winds can be very strong．Offshore wind farms cost more to build than onshore ones．Offshore equipment must be heavier than onshore equipment．It has to stand up to very high winds，big waves and strong currents．Sending people to install，operate and repair the equipment at sea is costly．But once they are set up，offshore winds could pick up bonus tasks．
According to Haris Ishaq，an engineer at the University of Victoria in Canada，one of the best add-ons to wind farms is making hydrogen gas，which means making a clean power source in a clean way．A device called an electrolyzer can split water into hydrogen and oxygen．The electrolyzer needs fresh water，not salt water．To remove the sea salt，Ishaq's team proposes removing the salt through a special technique，which is supposed to run on the electricity produced by the offshore wind farms．
Ishaq's group also proposes adding a second bonus task to wind farms—to capture (捕獲) CO2 from the atmosphere．Atmospheric CO2 levels are higher than ever，resulting in a worsening greenhouse effect．A process called direct air capture，or DAC，can remove CO2 from the air．The DAC devices need electricity to run．Fans move air across a solid material that captures CO2 and releases everything else．When the solid material is heated to 100 degrees Celsius，it releases the stored CO2．The same solids can then be reused to grab more CO2．The electricity made by wind turbines would power the devices' fans and the electric boiler to heat the carbon-collecting solid．To store the CO2 released，Ishaq's team proposes injecting it into a type of deep-sea rock．That rock reacts with the gas，turning it into more rock in 10 to 25 years．
Ishaq's team modeled wind turbines，electrolyzers and DAC units on computers to confirm their proposed system is a good idea．The next step is to test a small version of this set of equipment on a floating platform in the ocean．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種改良版的風力發電場，它不僅能發電還可以承擔額外的任務。
5．Why are offshore wind farms built despite many difficulties
A．They can serve better purposes．
B．They are money-saving．
C．They can be used longer．
D．They need little maintenance．
√
A　[細節理解題。根據第一段中的“But once they are set up，offshore winds could pick up bonus tasks．”可知，盡管困難重重，海上風力發電場還是要建造是因為它們可以達到更好的目的。]
6．What is the second bonus task intended for
A．Reducing greenhouse effect．
B．Testing an air-capturing process．
C．Exploring a kind of deep-sea rock．
D．Starting a hydrogen-collecting project．
√
A　[細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Ishaq's group also proposes adding a second bonus task to wind farms—to capture CO2 from the atmosphere．Atmospheric CO2 levels are higher than ever，resulting in a worsening greenhouse effect．”可知，第二個額外任務的目的是減少溫室效應。故選A。]
7．What is the author's attitude toward Ishaq's team's proposal
A．Neutral． B．Cautious．
C．Uncertain． D．Approving．
√
D　[推理判斷題。根據最后一段可知，作者對Ishaq團隊的提議持支持態度。故選D。]
8．What is the best title of the text
A．Clean Energy Is Put into Better Use
B．Hydrogen Promises to Be the Energy of Tomorrow
C．Engineers Propose Add-ons to Offshore Wind Farms
D．Wind Turbines Work Especially Well Out in Coastal Waters
√
C　[標題歸納題。根據第一段中的“Sending people to install，operate and repair the equipment at sea is costly．But once they are set up，offshore winds could pick up bonus tasks．”和第二段中的“According to Haris Ishaq，an engineer at the University of Victoria in Canada，one of the best add-ons to wind farms is making hydrogen gas，which means making a clean power source in a clean way．”以及第三段中的“Ishaq's group also proposes adding a second bonus task to wind farms—to capture CO2 from the atmosphere．”可知，文章主要闡述海上風力發電場雖然建造困難，但是它們可以承擔額外的任務。加拿大維多利亞大學的工程師Haris Ishaq的團隊提出一種新的海上風力發電場的應用方案，通過為其安裝附加設備，可以制造氫氣和捕獲大氣中的二氧化碳。C選項能夠概括文章主旨，適合作為最佳標題。]
Passage 3
(2024·四川眉山三模)
What have humans done to serve dogs They greet us when we come home，comfort us when we're sad and generally act as loyal companions．
Now，researchers are investigating whether tumors (腫瘤) in dogs may help treat tumors in humans．In early April，the Jackson Laboratory began collecting samples of canine (犬的) tumors．Cells from these tumors inserted into mice could help test new drugs and improve our understanding about how cancer develops and progresses．
Although cancer results from many factors，genes play a critical role．That means the genetic make-up of a tumor can help determine which drugs work against it．So having a broad and diverse pool of genetic make-ups increases the chances of finding the right way to treat each disease．This thinking is particularly relevant for rare cancers and rare mutations (突變)．Drawing from a larger pool means more genetic mutations to research．
And using tumors from dogs is a nearly ideal way to widen that pool．They're exposed to many of the same environmental factors that might cause cancer in their owners，notes Dr．Christopher Fulkerson．Some bone and brain cancers are far more common in dogs than they are in people，making samples easier to find．
In many cases，the cells in a dog's cancer look and act the same as they would in a human．They can even carry the same genetic mutations．However，not all canine cancers will be particularly helpful for human-focused research．For some types，the similarities between human and dog diseases will be significant．But when they aren't，warns Dr．Jaime Modiano，the differences could have serious consequences for drug development．
But even when the research doesn't advance knowledge of human cancers，it could still help improve the treatment of dogs diagnosed (確診) with cancer．That's the least we can do for our faithful friends．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了研究人員現在正在調查狗身上的腫瘤是否有助于治療人類的腫瘤。
9．What are the purposes of collecting canine tumors
A．To help design new drugs．
B．To better understand cancer．
C．To prove dogs are our faithful friends．
D．To show cancer results from many factors．
√
B　[推理判斷題。根據文章第二段最后兩句可推知，收集犬腫瘤的目的是更好地了解癌癥。]
10．Why is using tumors from dogs an ideal way
A．Many dogs have bone and brain cancers．
B．Dogs and their owners are good companions．
C．Dogs and their owners have similar living conditions and cancer types．
D．Using tumors from dogs can help determine which drugs work better．
√
C　[細節理解題。根據文章第四段和文章第五段中的“In many cases ...They can even carry the same genetic mutations．”可知，使用狗的腫瘤是一種理想的方法，這是因為狗和它們的主人有相似的生活條件和癌癥類型。]
11．What does the author indicate by mentioning Dr．Jaime Modiano
A．It's useless to study cancers from dogs．
B．Studies on cancers from dogs will bring harmful results．
C．Cancers from dogs may not be helpful for fighting human cancers．
D．Some similarities between human and dog diseases are insignificant．
√
C　[推理判斷題。根據文章第五段“However，not all canine cancers will be particularly helpful...For some types，the similarities between human and dog diseases will be significant．But when they aren't，warns Dr．Jaime Modiano，the differences could have serious consequences for drug development．”可知，作者提到杰米·莫迪亞諾博士是為了表明來自狗的癌癥可能對對抗人類癌癥沒有幫助。]
12．What's the author's attitude to the research
A．Unconcerned． B．Doubtful．
C．Pessimistic． D．Optimistic．
√
D　[推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段可推知，作者對這一研究的態度是樂觀的。]
Passage 1
(2024·江西萍鄉一模)
It was a sunny winter day．I had gone up and down the tower when，outside the little door at the foot，a blind man came toward me．He was a pale，thin man with dark glasses．He kept close to the inner wall of the courtyard．On reaching the door，he touched it and sharply turned inside．In a moment，he disappeared up the staircase．I stood still，looking at the little sign that said “To the Tower...” I felt obliged to follow．
針對性訓練5　閱讀理解——推理判斷題(3)
I didn't follow closely．I caught up with him in the ticket office．There I was surprised to see the attendant selling him a ticket as though he were any other visitor．With the ticket in one hand and touching the wall with the other，he reached the staircase leading to the hallway．
“That man is blind，” I said to the attendant，but he showed no concern．“He's blind，” I repeated．He didn't answer，looking at me vacantly．
“Perhaps he wants to jump，” I said．But his chair was too comfortable．He didn't stir．He still looked down at a crossword puzzle he had begun．I turned toward the staircase．
“The ticket，” the attendant said，rising from his chair．It seemed the only thing that could move him．After purchasing my ticket，I hurried up the staircase．
The man hadn't gone as far as I imagined．After ten minutes，I approached him．“Excuse me，” I said as politely as I could，“but I am very curious to know why you came up．”
“You'd never guess，” he said．
“Not the view，I take it，or the fresh air on this winter day，” I said．
He smiled．“Coming up the stairs，one can feel the change—the cool staircase suddenly becomes quite warm—and how up here behind the wall there is shade，but as soon as one goes opposite a narrow window one finds the sun．In all of Siena there is no place so good as here．”
He moved into the sunlight．Then he stepped into the shade．“Light，shade，light，shade，” he said，and seemed as pleased as a child who，in a game of hopscotch，jumps from square to square．
We went down the tower together．I left him，gladdened as one can only be by the sunlight．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一次作者看到一個盲人買票到塔上去參觀。他很好奇于是就跟了上去，后來得知原來盲人是來塔上感受光影變化的，盲人也能感受到世界的美好。
1．Why did the author follow the blind man
A．To offer timely help． B．To satisfy his curiosity．
C．To teach him a lesson． D．To prevent him from climbing up．
√
A　[推理判斷題。根據文章第一段中的“On reaching the door，he touched it and sharply turned inside．In a moment，he disappeared up the staircase．I stood still，looking at the little sign that said ‘To the Tower...’ I felt obliged to follow．”以及后文可知，作者跟隨盲人是為了及時為他提供幫助。故選A項。]
2．What was the attendant's attitude to visitors
A．Enthusiastic． B．Concerned．
C．Indifferent． D．Skeptical．
√
C　[推理判斷題。根據文章第三段中的“He didn't answer，looking at me vacantly．”以及第四段中的“He still looked down at a crossword puzzle he had begun．I turned toward the staircase．”可知，服務人員對來訪者漠不關心。故選C項。]
3．What encouraged the blind man to climb the tower
A．The fresh air on the top．
B．The pleasant childhood memories．
C．The fantastic view from the tower．
D．The striking contrast between light and shade．
√
D　[細節理解題。根據文章倒數第三段以及倒數第二段中的“Light，shade，light，shade”可知，明暗之間的鮮明對比促使盲人爬上了那座塔。]
4．What message does the writer want to convey in the text
A．Nature is the best gift for humanity．
B．When one door shuts，another opens in life．
C．Every individual can appreciate beauty in life．
D．The disadvantaged deserve care from society．
√
C　[推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第二段以及文章整體內容可知，文章主要講述了一次作者看到一個盲人買票到塔上去參觀，他很好奇于是就跟了上去，后來得知原來盲人是來塔上感受光影變化的，盲人也能感受到世界的美好，從而表達每個人都能欣賞生活中的美。]
Passage 2
(2024·湖北十堰二模)
Yu Zeling，an award-winning master of paper cutting，fills her studio with cutouts of animals，people，and scenes that are so vivid that they seem to leap from the walls．Her art covers village life in Ansai，a rural district in Shaanxi Province．
Ms．Yu came to paper cutting in the late 1970s as naturally as she breathed the earthy air．“We were very poor，and when it was time to celebrate the New Year，we all put paper-cuts on the windows to decorate our houses，” she says，recalling the holiday at her childhood home．Ms．Yu and others are working to keep the folk art alive，even as it evolves away from its roots as adornment for farmhouses．
The art originated in China in the centuries after paper was invented．Full of auspicious (吉利的) symbols from daily life，the decorations represented good weather，many offspring，long life，wealth，and happiness．
Using newspaper，Ms．Yu first practiced cutting the image of the Chinese national flag that she saw in a school textbook．She cut it 100 times before she was satisfied．Then her aunt took over，introducing her to increasingly complicated traditional themes．
Ms．Yu was later invited to train in the Ansai's Cultural Center．After years of training，Ms．Yu became a master in her own right，winning one award after another．Her works are on display in museums．But she's humble about her achievements．“I was，and still am，a farmer，” she says with a smile．
Hoping to carry on and improve the folk art，Ms．Yu volunteers to teach at free community training sessions．Paper cutting is also taught in Ansai's public schools．Ms．Yu is aware of the need to go beyond protecting traditions and embrace new paper-cut experiments．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位剪紙大師的故事，包括她的剪紙作品、貢獻，以及她為傳承和發揚剪紙藝術所做的努力。
5．What does the underlined word “adornment” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Celebration． B．Symbol．
C．Invention． D．Decoration．
√
D　[詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“‘We were very poor，and when it was time to celebrate the New Year，we all put paper-cuts on the windows to decorate our houses，’ she says，recalling the holiday at her childhood home．”可知，畫線詞的意思是“裝飾物”。 ]
6．What can be inferred about paper cutting from the text
A．It has cultural values． B．It features animals．
C．It attracts the young． D．It remains in fashion．
√
A　[推理判斷題。根據文章第三段中“Full of auspicious symbols from daily life，the decorations represented good weather，many offspring，long life，wealth，and happiness．”和最后一段中“Paper cutting is also taught in Ansai's public schools．Ms．Yu is aware of the need to go beyond protecting traditions and embrace new paper-cut experiments．”可推知，剪紙藝術具有文化價值。]
7．Which word best describes Ms．Yu
A．Authoritative． B．Vain．
C．Devoted． D．Competitive．
√
C　[推理判斷題。根據文章第四段中“She cut it 100 times before she was satisfied．Then her aunt took over，introducing her to increasingly complicated traditional themes．”可推知，余女士對剪紙藝術非常熱愛和專注。]
8．What is the text likely to be
A．A brief history of paper cutting．
B．A new approach to paper cutting．
C．An introduction to a paper cutting master．
D．The direction of traditional paper cutting．
√
C　[推理判斷題。根據文章第一段可知，這篇文章可能是對一位剪紙大師的介紹。]
Passage 3
(2024·云南昆明三模)
Frying French fries in space may be possible，according to a recent study by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki，Greece．
On Earth，we have gravity and buoyancy(浮力)．Gravity makes sure that the oil stays in the cooker，and buoyancy allows the bubbles that come out of the fries to travel upward so that the fries are cooked．In space，which is under microgravity，there is no buoyancy．So scientists for long believed that frying wasn't possible．
The research team first designed a sealed container that could fry the potato safely in zero gravity and then took the researchers on a ride．The plane climbed up，and then，at a certain point，headed down just like a roller coaster．There were about 20 seconds of microgravity when the plane reached the highest point，during which the team did tests．
To their surprise，the fries were cooked，and the bubbles were able to escape．When being fried，the water inside the potato turned into vapor(水蒸氣)．The vapor created pressure when released from the potato．The pressure inside the potato allowed the bubbles to go out and let the oil come in，according to the research paper．It showed that “frying can occur in space”．
This isn't the first attempt for scientists to deep-fry French fries in “space”．Early in 2014，a group of researchers conducted studies under various gravity．The agency's large centrifuge(離心機) can create artificial gravity from 1g to 20g，with “g” referring to the gravitational acceleration at the surface of the Earth．It has four arms and can spin fast．During the spin，things held by the arm are under centrifugal force，which is the source of artificial gravity．The fries were cooked under different gravity from 1g to 9g．
They discovered that the French fries had the most crispy(脆的) chips under 3g．It's interesting to mention that Jupiter's gravity is 2.4 times that of Earth's gravity．So，French fries may have the perfect taste if cooked on Jupiter，compared with other planets in the solar system．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了在太空中炸薯條可能成為現實的研究。
9．What may make frying French fries possible in space
A．The release of bubbles．
B．The transformation of gravity．
C．The reduction of vapor．
D．The accumulation of buoyancy．
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A　[細節理解題。根據文章第四段的“The vapor created pressure when released from the potato...It showed that ‘frying can occur in space’．”可知，氣泡的釋放使在太空中炸薯條成為可能。]
10．Why did the plane head down like a roller coaster
A．To change the shape of the container．
B．To get appropriate pressure．
C．To test the seal of the container．
D．To create experiment conditions．
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D　[推理判斷題。根據文章第三段可知，飛機像過山車一樣下降是為了創造實驗條件。]
11．What is the purpose of mentioning the studies conducted in 2014
A．To show the function of the centrifuge．
B．To find common ground of various experiments．
C．To prove the perfect taste of French fries on Jupiter．
D．To offer more evidence about cooking French fries in space．
√
D　[推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段的“This isn't the first attempt for scientists to deep-fry French fries in ‘space’．Early in 2014，a group of researchers conducted studies under various gravity．”可知，提到2014年的研究是為了提供更多關于在太空中烹飪薯條的證據。故選D項。]
12．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A science magazine．
B．A cookbook．
C．A food advertisement．
D．A travel brochure．
√
A　[文章出處題。第一段主要講述了在太空中炸薯條可能成為現實的研究。再根據全文內容可推知，短文來自科學雜志。]
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