資源簡(jiǎn)介

(共123張PPT)
第一部分 復(fù)習(xí)講義
板塊一 閱讀
專題一 閱讀四選一
高考閱讀理解要求考生在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成4篇不同體裁、題材的文章。考生不僅要能正確理解文章的表層意思，還要能通過表層意思合理地推斷出文章的隱含意義。近幾年閱讀理解的命題已從對(duì)傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)掌握情況的考查轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)δ芰退季S品質(zhì)的考查，為了幫助考生清楚地了解英語閱讀理解題的情況，下面將具體分析近三年高考真題閱讀理解題的命題特點(diǎn)。
洞悉考情明方向
（一）
研析真題悟考法
（二）
題型攻略學(xué)技法
（三）
洞悉考情明方向
年份 卷名 篇目 體裁 主題 命題考點(diǎn)
主題語境 文章話題 細(xì)節(jié) 理解 推理 判斷 詞句 猜測(cè) 主旨
大意
2024 新課標(biāo) Ⅰ卷 A 應(yīng)用文 人與社會(huì) 生物棲息地修復(fù)工作隊(duì)志愿者招募 8 5 1 1
B 記敘文 人與自然 美國(guó)獸醫(yī)采用中西醫(yī)結(jié)合的方式治療動(dòng)物
C 議論文 人與社會(huì) 對(duì)紙質(zhì)閱讀和數(shù)字閱讀(可視化學(xué)習(xí))的研究成果
D 說明文 人與社會(huì) 現(xiàn)代生物數(shù)據(jù)采樣的科學(xué)性
年份 卷名 篇目 體裁 主題 命題考點(diǎn)
主題語境 文章話題 細(xì)節(jié) 理解 推理 判斷 詞句 猜測(cè) 主旨
大意
2024 新課標(biāo) Ⅱ卷 A 應(yīng)用文 人與自然 卡洛秋季徒步健身活動(dòng) 7 6 1 1
B 記敘文 人與社會(huì) 閱讀亭項(xiàng)目
C 說明文 人與社會(huì) 巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)
D 書評(píng) 人與社會(huì) 一本以人工智能為主題的書籍
年份 卷名 篇目 體裁 主題 命題考點(diǎn)
主題語境 文章話題 細(xì)節(jié) 理解 推理 判斷 詞句 猜測(cè) 主旨
大意
2023 新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷 A 應(yīng)用文 人與社會(huì) 自行車租賃&旅游項(xiàng)目介紹 6 7 1 1
B 記敘文 人與自然 一項(xiàng)環(huán)保發(fā)明創(chuàng)造
C 說明文 人與自我 數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)生活方式
D 議論文 人與社會(huì) “群體智慧”效應(yīng)
年份 卷名 篇目 體裁 主題 命題考點(diǎn)
主題語境 文章話題 細(xì)節(jié) 理解 推理 判斷 詞句 猜測(cè) 主旨
大意
2023 新課標(biāo) Ⅱ卷 A 應(yīng)用文 人與自然 黃石國(guó)家公園護(hù)林員項(xiàng)目介紹 7 6 1 1
B 新聞報(bào)道 人與社會(huì) 學(xué)校菜園項(xiàng)目
C 說明文 人與社會(huì) 《閱讀藝術(shù)：書籍愛好者的藝術(shù)》書籍介紹
D 說明文 人與自然 人類與大自然互動(dòng)
年份 卷名 篇目 體裁 主題 命題考點(diǎn)
主題語境 文章話題 細(xì)節(jié) 理解 推理 判斷 詞句 猜測(cè) 主旨
大意
2022 新課標(biāo) Ⅰ卷 A 應(yīng)用文 人與自我 課程評(píng)分規(guī)則 8 5 1 1
B 議論文 人與自然 減少食物浪費(fèi)
C 新聞報(bào)道 人與社會(huì) 養(yǎng)老院養(yǎng)雞項(xiàng)目
D 說明文 人與社會(huì) 語音的發(fā)展
年份 卷名 篇目 體裁 主題 命題考點(diǎn)
主題語境 文章話題 細(xì)節(jié) 理解 推理 判斷 詞句 猜測(cè) 主旨
大意
2022 新課標(biāo) Ⅱ卷 A 應(yīng)用文 人與社會(huì) 兒童探索博物館團(tuán)體游 6 6 2 1
B 夾敘夾議文 人與社會(huì) 新興科技的影響
C 說明文 人與社會(huì) 科學(xué)技術(shù)——Textalyzer
D 說明文 人與社會(huì) 鍛煉有益于心臟
研析真題悟考法
[真題呈現(xiàn)](2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷·閱讀理解C篇)
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food．However，most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table．While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more．
BMF is an indoor garden system．It can be set up for a family．Additionally，it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital，restaurant or school．The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens．
Specifically，it's a farm that relies on new technology．By connecting through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored．Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time．Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants．Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant．After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started．
Moreover，having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad．In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment．
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives．About half of them walk or bike to work．Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic．“We are passionate about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee．
28．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A．It guarantees the variety of food．
B．It requires day-to-day care．
C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance．
D．It relies on farmer's markets．
√
29．What information does the convenient app offer
A．Real-time weather changes．
B．Current condition of the plants．
C．Chemical pollutants in the soil．
D．Availability of pre-seeded pods．
√
30．What can be concluded about BMF employees
A．They have a great passion for sports．
B．They are devoted to community service．
C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences．
D．They have a strong environmental awareness．
√
31．What does the text mainly talk about
A．BMF's major strengths．　
B．BMF's general management．
C．BMF's global influence．
D．BMF's technical standards．
√
Step 1　速覽全文，了解大意
本文介紹了一種室內(nèi)農(nóng)場(chǎng)系統(tǒng)——巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)(BMF)。
Step 2　細(xì)審題干，定位原文
28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more．”可知，C 選項(xiàng)中“cut… distance”是同義替換。
29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time．”可知選擇 B 項(xiàng)。
30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives．”及“We are passionate about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment”可推知，BMF員工具有強(qiáng)烈的環(huán)保意識(shí)，故選 D 項(xiàng)。live out意為“實(shí)行，踐行”。
31．主旨大意題。文章分別從可縮短運(yùn)輸路程、保證新鮮蔬菜供應(yīng)、節(jié)水和可持續(xù)發(fā)展方面圍繞巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)展開介紹。故選 A項(xiàng)。
Step 3　有的放矢，核對(duì)答案
通過題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，在文中找到題目的信息區(qū)間，仔細(xì)對(duì)比，再次核對(duì)答案。
題型攻略學(xué)技法
第一講 細(xì)節(jié)理解題
一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題的考查特點(diǎn)
1．考查方式
特殊疑問句形式：以when、where、what、which、who等疑問詞開頭引出問題。
2．考查角度
(1)高頻考點(diǎn)：直接信息題、間接信息題；
(2)低頻考點(diǎn)：數(shù)字計(jì)算題、正誤判斷題、事件排序題。
二、細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題捷徑
一般采用尋讀法，解題分三步：
1．先讀題干，抓住關(guān)鍵詞；
2．帶著問題快速閱讀文章，找出與問題有關(guān)的詞語或句子；
3．仔細(xì)對(duì)比選項(xiàng)和原文信息，繼而找出答案。
三、細(xì)節(jié)理解題選項(xiàng)特征
1．正確選項(xiàng)特征
原詞復(fù)現(xiàn) 選項(xiàng)中的某個(gè)單詞或短語與原文完全一致
同義替換 對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換
語言簡(jiǎn)化 把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化
正話反說 把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)
2．干擾選項(xiàng)特征
擴(kuò)縮范圍 與文章細(xì)節(jié)部分吻合，部分相悖
無中生有 明顯與文章內(nèi)容不符或沒有提及
偷梁換柱 符合常識(shí)，但不是文章內(nèi)容
張冠李戴 是文章細(xì)節(jié)，但不符合題干要求或不是要點(diǎn)
正誤參半 部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤
【典例】(2024·全國(guó)甲卷·閱讀理解A篇)
Spineless Artists：Invertebrate Creativity
From webs to cocoons，invertebrates (無脊椎動(dòng)物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs．Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance，inspire fashion and create art，while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工藝) materials．
直接信息題——定位比對(duì)找答案
23．What can you do together with Javier Marin
A．Practice a traditional dance．
B．Make handcrafts．
C．Visit a local museum．
D．Feed invertebrates．
√
解題分析：
Step 1　在題干中標(biāo)注定位詞(Javier Marin)；
Step 2　在原文中找出信息句(Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance，inspire fashion and create art，while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials．)；
Step 3　比對(duì)選項(xiàng)與信息句。根據(jù)信息句中“while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials”可知，人們可以和Javier Marin一起用手工藝材料制作自己的“無脊椎藝術(shù)家”。
【圖解技巧】
【典例】(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解C篇)
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper？And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no”．The reasons relate to a variety of factors，including reduced concentration，an entertainment mindset(心態(tài))and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content．
...
間接信息題——同義轉(zhuǎn)換定答案
Audio(音頻) and video can feel more engaging than text，and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies —say，assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person．However，psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories，they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces．
Digital texts，audio and video all have educational roles，especially when providing resources not available in print．However，for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for，educators shouldn't assume all media are the same，even when they contain identical words．
30．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A．They can hold students' attention．
B．They are more convenient to prepare．
C．They help develop advanced skills．
D．They are more informative than text．
√
解題分析：
Step 1　讀題干，鎖定關(guān)鍵詞，即“audio and video，increasingly”
“university teachers”；
Step 2　掃讀原文，鎖定信息區(qū)間，即“Audio and video can feel more engaging than text，...assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person．”可知，因?yàn)橐纛l和視頻比文本更吸引人，所以大學(xué)老師越來越多地使用音頻和視頻。“hold students' attention”是“engaging”的同義替換。
【圖解技巧】
【典例】(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解D篇)
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct，researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records．Today，most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos，videos，and other digital records．Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area，a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect．
綜合信息題——概括歸納定答案
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru，who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences．“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (標(biāo)本)，and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change，I wanted to know：Are they usable？”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants，insects，birds，and animals，Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns．
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差)data，like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru．
33．What does Daru's study focus on
A．Threatened species．
B．Physical specimens．
C．Observational data．
D．Mobile applications．
√
解題分析：根據(jù)第二段末的“we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change”以及第四段的內(nèi)容可知，Daru使用了觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)去調(diào)查物種如何應(yīng)對(duì)全球變化，而且他們尤其關(guān)注取樣記錄中產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面，可見 Daru的研究重點(diǎn)是觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)。
【圖解技巧】
【典例】(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解A篇)
Prices
數(shù)字計(jì)算題——整合推算得答案
—— Hand Brake，Three Gears Foot Brake，No Gears
1 hour ? 7.50 ? 5.00
3 hours ? 11.00 ? 7.50
1 day (24 hours) ? 14.75 ? 9.75
Each additional day ? 8.00 ? 6.00
22．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A．?15.75． B．?19.50．
C．?22.75． D．?29.50．
√
解題分析：
Step 1　讀題干查找關(guān)鍵詞“a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days”；
Step 2　在Prices部分中標(biāo)記“1 day(24 hours)，?14.75”和“Each additional day，?8.00”；
Step 3　用加法計(jì)算答案，即?14.75＋?8.00＝?22.75。
【圖解技巧】
Passage 1
(2024·廣東深圳二模)
What is a GPA
A GPA，or Grade Point Average，typically ranging from one to four，is a number reflecting your course performance on average．It's used by universities to determine whether students meet academic standards and by students to enhance job prospects or secure admission into post-graduate programs．
隨堂演練促遷移
How to calculate a GPA
·Determine the letter grade and the number of credit hours for each course you take in a term；
·Translate the letter grade to grade points using your school's grading system；
·Multiply the grade points by the credit hours for that course；
·Add up all the credit hours for the courses；
·Divide the total number of grade points by the total credit hours and you get the GPA．
Example：Academic Transcript of Jane Smith Winter 2023
Courses Letter Grade Grade points Credit hours Total points GPA
Creative Writing A＋ 4.0 3 12 －
Psychology A－ 3.7 3 11.1 －
History B＋ 3.3 3 9.9 －
Computer Science F 0.0 2 0 －
Total － － 11 33
What are the consequences of failing college courses
·Every failing grade (F) significantly impacts your GPA for that academic year，limiting clubs，organizations and program choices，as competitive programs require top GPAs．
·Most financial aid programs require a specific GPA．A sharp drop in the GPA due to several course failures may lead to withdrawal from financial aid programs，unless you retake the courses and pass．
·For college athletes on sports scholarships，failing courses repeatedly can lead to losing scholarships and team spots．
·Failing multiple courses can result in school removal and affect future applications．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了平均學(xué)分績(jī)點(diǎn)(GPA)的概念、計(jì)算方式和大學(xué)課程不及格的后果。
1．Where is this text probably taken from
A．An academic course guide． B．A campus job fair poster．
C．A graduate application form． D．An athletic team schedule．
√
A　[文章出處題。根據(jù)文章中的“What is a GPA？”“How to calculate a GPA？”“What are the consequences of failing college courses？”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章介紹了大學(xué)用來確定學(xué)生是否達(dá)到學(xué)術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則——GPA，并介紹了GPA的計(jì)算方法及課程不及格的后果，應(yīng)該選自學(xué)術(shù)課程指南。]
2．What is Jane Smith's GPA this term
A．3.3．　　B．3.0．　　C．2.8．　　D．1.0．
√
B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“How to calculate a GPA？”下面的“Divide the total number of grade points by the total credit hours and you get the GPA．”并結(jié)合表格內(nèi)容可知，Jane Smith的所有課程中，總分是33，總學(xué)時(shí)是11，33÷11＝3，所以她的GPA是3。]
3．What would be a result if you get one F in college
A．School removal． B．Loss of financial aid．
C．Choice limitation． D．Disqualification in sports．
√
C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“What are the consequences of failing college courses？”下面的“Every failing grade (F) significantly impacts your GPA for that academic year，limiting clubs，organizations and program choices，as competitive programs require top GPAs．”可知，如果你在大學(xué)得了一個(gè)F的打分，你的選擇將會(huì)受限制。故選C。]
Passage 2
(2024·山東聊城二模)
It wasn't until I got into college and took a class on creative writing that I began to trust my own madness．The professor encouraged us to color outside the lines and trust our abilities as a writer．We had weekly sessions where we read each other's work and had to give constructive criticism．
On our first assignment，I struggled with getting my ideas onto paper．I knew what kind of story I wanted to tell，but as a reserved young man，I was terrified of judgement from my peers．I was afraid they would think my writing was too dark or really confusing．But finally，after spending hours thinking of making the writing more socially acceptable，I decided to write it like what I felt it should be．
In the next critique session，I was shocked at the reaction from my peers．There was some constructive criticism，which really helped me improve，but overall，they loved how realistic and convincing my writing was．At the end of the class，the professor asked me if she could use my assignment as a sample for her other classes to know that they can trust their own madness with their writing．
For the final we had a huge paper for which we had to write on Henry V．The professor encouraged me to write it in the voice I had developed in the creative writing class，so I did．The consequence was that she called it a graduate level paper and asked to use it as another sample．
That year I ended up winning a writing award．I also entered a writing contest online and out of hundreds of entries，got an honorable mention．And that was when I decided to have a shot at fiction．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在大學(xué)創(chuàng)意寫作課上的經(jīng)歷，以及這段經(jīng)歷如何幫助他在寫作上取得成功。
4．What does the underlined phrase “color outside the lines” mean in the first paragraph
A．Stress the words．
B．Generate new ideas．
C．Add color to the lines．
D．Take risks．
√
B　[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線部分上文“It wasn't until I got into college and took a class on creative writing that I began to trust my own madness．”以及第二段第一句“On our first assignment，I struggled with getting my ideas onto paper．”可知，這門課是關(guān)于創(chuàng)意寫作課，要求學(xué)生產(chǎn)生新的具有創(chuàng)意的想法并進(jìn)行寫作；畫線部分“color outside the lines”指的是“產(chǎn)生新的創(chuàng)意”。]
5．What happened with the author's first assignment
A．He messed it up．
B．He didn't know how to do it．
C．He felt insecure about it．
D．He adjusted it in an acceptable way．
√
C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“I knew what kind of story I wanted to tell，but as a reserved young man，I was terrified of judgement from my peers．I was afraid they would think my writing was too dark or really confusing．”可知，作者在完成第一個(gè)任務(wù)時(shí)，擔(dān)心自己的作品會(huì)受到同齡人的批評(píng)和否定，對(duì)自己的作品缺乏信心。]
6．What can we know from paragraph 3
A．His peers thought his writing was persuasive．
B．His peers criticized his writing style．
C．The professor asked him to teach others to write．
D．His writing reached the graduate level．
√
A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“In the next critique session，I was shocked at the reaction from my peers．There was some constructive criticism，which really helped me improve，but overall，they loved how realistic and convincing my writing was．”可知，同學(xué)們的反饋是積極的，他們喜歡作者的寫作風(fēng)格，認(rèn)為它是真實(shí)和令人信服的。由此推知，同學(xué)們認(rèn)為作者的作品是有說服力的。]
7．What was the secret of the author's success in writing
A．His persistence in writing．
B．Trust in his own madness．
C．His professor's encouragement．
D．Constructive criticism from his peers．
√
B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句、第三段最后一句以及最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者在創(chuàng)意寫作課上，跳出思維定式，相信自己的瘋狂想法，最終獲得了成功。由此推知，作者寫作成功的秘訣是相信自己的瘋狂想法。]
Passage 1
(2024·江蘇蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模)
Summer camps everywhere are filling up fast，but opportunities remain open for camps where fun and games come around farming．That is，your kids will learn how to tend to vegetables and livestock (家畜) and almost certainly taste the fruits of their labor．Here's a small sampling of what's out there．
針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練1　閱讀理解——細(xì)節(jié)理解題(1)
Muscoot，New York
This farm，offers a half-day Wangler Camp for kids (a livestock-centred experience) and a two-week long Young Farmers camp for kids in grades one through eight．Camps range from $150 for weeklong half-day sessions to $350 for full-day sessions．
Sprout Up，Colorado
An agriculture farm with a focus on education，Sprout Up offers skill-building programs for teens throughout the year，but their summer camp for kids is all about fun．In addition to farm activities，the kids spend time at a local climbing gym．Three weeklong half-day sessions are available for $200 each．
Humboldt，California
Located north of San Francisco，this sleepaway camp spreads out over several hundred acres in the coastal hills of Sonoma County．The lodging (住處) is tent-style，with outdoor showers．A range of farm activities are available throughout the summer．
Alegre，Georgia
Your kids will clean and brush a horse，and learn to milk a goat at this camp．Three-day sessions (mornings only) cost $125，and parents can attend with their children for an extra fee．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了與農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)的夏令營(yíng)活動(dòng)。
1．Which camp best suits kids who enjoy climbing
A．Muscoot． B．Sprout Up．
C．Humboldt． D．Alegre．
B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Sprout Up，Colorado下的“In addition to farm activities，the kids spend time at a local climbing gym．”可知，Sprout Up最適合喜歡攀巖的孩子。]
√
2．What can kids do in Alegre
A．Interact with animals．
B．Have sessions in the afternoon．
C．Sleep in tents at night．
D．Enjoy the scenery of coastal hills．
A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Alegre，Georgia下的“Your kids will clean and brush a horse，and learn to milk a goat at this camp．”可知，在Alegre孩子們能與動(dòng)物互動(dòng)。]
√
3．What do the four camps have in common
A．They provide full-day camps．
B．They offer farm-themed camps．
C．They are located in the same state．
D．They focus on health education．
√
B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Muscoot，New York下的“This farm，offers a half-day Wangler Camp for kids (a livestock-centred experience) and a two-week long Young Farmers camp for kids in grades one through eight．”，Sprout Up，Colorado下的“An agriculture farm with a focus on education，Sprout Up offers skill-building programs for teens throughout the year，but their summer camp for kids is all about fun．”，Humboldt，California下的“A range of farm activities are available throughout the summer．”以及Alegre，Georgia下的“Your kids will clean and brush a horse，and learn to milk a goat at this camp．”可知，這四個(gè)夏令營(yíng)都提供農(nóng)場(chǎng)主題的營(yíng)地。]
Passage 2
(2024·河北秦皇島二模)
When 19-year-old Emily Bhatnagar from Maryland，the USA，found her father had stage four thyroid (甲狀腺) cancer，her response was different from what you might expect．To honour her father，who she also described as her best friend，she decided to start a book drive called For Love and Buttercup，collecting books for kids with cancer．
“It was very much an overnight idea，” she explained．“I posted a message on an app called Nextdoor asking my neighbors to donate used books．I was only expecting a few here and there，but the response was truly incredible and it was just the push I needed to co-exist with my grief (悲傷) rather than letting it consume me．”
“It was absolutely heartbreaking to watch my dad go through cancer and see him lose a little bit of himself each day，but the book drive allowed me to develop a new-found sense of purpose intertwined (交織) with a greater sense of compassion to help others in any form．I wanted to help kids．They've always held a soft spot in my heart．”
Using tips she earned from working at her parents' bread shop，Emily bought many books out of her own pocket．In addition，she received donations through her Amazon wishlist，which can be found in the bio (簡(jiǎn)介) of the book drive's social media account．
Emily and her older brother spent a whole summer driving around town，loading boxes of books into their car．“It was such a privilege to know people had carried these books all their lives through generations，and they wanted to gift them to my cause．”
For Love and Buttercup has donated over 15，000 books to sick children and it is being recognised by The Washington Post，F(xiàn)orbes，The President's Volunteer Service Award and Born This Way Foundation．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了來自美國(guó)馬里蘭州的19歲的 Emily Bhatnagar 發(fā)現(xiàn)她的父親已經(jīng)甲狀腺癌四期時(shí)，決定發(fā)起圖書捐贈(zèng)活動(dòng)，為癌癥兒童募集書籍。
4．What did Emily do knowing her father's disease
A．She turned to books for help．
B．She tried to help her father recover．
C．She decided to meet her father's desire．
D．She asked for used book donations online．
√
D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“...her response was different from what you might expect．To honour her father，who she also described as her best friend，she decided to start a book drive called For Love and Buttercup，collecting books for kids with cancer．”可知，發(fā)現(xiàn)父親已經(jīng)甲狀腺癌四期時(shí)，Emily在網(wǎng)上發(fā)起了舊書捐贈(zèng)活動(dòng)。]
5．How did Emily feel about her neighbors' reaction
A．Inspired． B．Ashamed．
C．Disappointed． D．Puzzled．
A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“but the response was truly incredible and it was just the push I needed to co-exist with my grief rather than letting it consume me”可推斷，鄰居們對(duì)Emily發(fā)起的舊書捐贈(zèng)活動(dòng)的反應(yīng)讓她受到了鼓舞。]
√
6．What do we know about Emily from paragraph 4
A．She grew up in a rich family．
B．She helped in her parents' shop．
C．Nobody cared about her wishlist．
D．Her parents were not supportive．
B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Using tips she earned from working at her parents' bread shop，Emily bought many books out of her own pocket．”可知，Emily在她父母開的面包店幫忙。故選B。]
√
7．What can we say about the book drive
A．Unfavorable． B．Money-consuming．
C．Successful． D．Demanding．
√
C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可推斷，Emily 的圖書捐贈(zèng)活動(dòng)獲得了巨大的成功。]
Passage 3
(2024·浙江杭州二模)
Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole．Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea．And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales，such as sperm whales，have one hole，baleen (鯨須) whales，such as humpback and Rice whales，have two．
Even among the baleen whales，the placing of those nostrils differs．In some species they are close together．In others，they are much further apart．In a paper published in Biology Letters，Conor Ryan，a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science，suggests why that might be．Having two nostrils，he argues，helps whales smell in stereo (立體空間)．
Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游動(dòng)物)，which they catch by filtering (過濾) them from sea water using the sheets of fibrous baleen．They have replaced teeth in their mouths．But to eat something you first have to find it．Toothed whales do not hunt by scent．In fact，the olfactory bulb—the part of the brain that processes smell—is absent in such creatures．But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs，which suggests smell remains important．And scent can indeed give zooplankton away．Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物)．When these are under attack，they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide，which in turn attracts baleen whales．
Most animals have stereoscopic senses．Having two eyes，for instance，allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth．Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming．Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits．
The farther apart the sensory organs are，the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them．The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species．Sure enough，baleen whales that often eat zooplankton，such as the North Atlantic right whale，have nostrils that are farther apart while toothed whales，such as humpback whales，that eat zooplankton occasionally，have one nostril．Besides allowing them to breathe，it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是關(guān)于須鯨的鼻孔的相關(guān)知識(shí)。
8．What do we know about whales' nostrils according to the first two paragraphs
A．They are adapted ones．
B．They are developed merely for smell．
C．They are not easy to detect．
D．They are fixed universally in numbers．
√
A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea．”可知，根據(jù)前兩段，鯨魚的鼻孔是調(diào)整過的。]
9．What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton
A．The teeth that baleen whales have．
B．The smell that phytoplankton send．
C．The sound waves that zooplankton create．
D．The chemical signals that zooplankton give off．
√
B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“When these are under attack，they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide，which in turn attracts baleen whales．”可知，當(dāng)須鯨捕食浮游動(dòng)物時(shí)，浮游植物散發(fā)的氣味起了作用。]
10．How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4
A．By quoting a theory． B．By using examples．
C．By making contrast． D．By making inferences．
√
B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Having two eyes，for instance，allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth．Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming．”可知，第四段通過舉例解釋立體感覺的概念。]
11．What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph
A．The sense of smell． B．The possibility to attract food．
C．The ability to locate food． D．The ability to communicate．
√
C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Besides allowing them to breathe，it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies．”可知，鼻孔的位置與定位食物的能力有關(guān)。]
Passage 1
(2024·湖南婁底二模)
Coastal Clean-ups Program
General Introduction
Our program aims to develop an appreciation for our environment in our participants by including fun into environmental education．Our program places great emphasis on experiential learning，which offers
針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練2　閱讀理解——細(xì)節(jié)理解題(2)
our participants the opportunity to get close to nature，enjoy and value it while learning the issue of litter pollution，and the importance of individual ownership in ensuring environmental sustainability．Our program is well-suited in supporting the objectives of Values-in-Action (VIA) programs for schools．Ever wondered how our beaches will look without the care of the cleaners So please explore yourself through the Coastal Clean-ups Program and join us in taking care of our beaches．Gain insightful discovery on the consequences of ocean pollution，and its implications on our marine environment，wildlife，and even us humans．
Details
Location：
This program is subjected to weather and tidal (潮汐的) conditions．Please email us for the available dates and more information on the location．
Duration：2 hours
Group Size：Maximum—60 participants
Equipment/Items Needed：
·All materials needed for the program will be provided by our program．
·Participants should bring their own personal water bottles and writing materials．
·Participants should wear comfortable outdoor clothes with covered shoes．
Price：$10 per person．
For more information，please consult via the official website of our program．
Important Notes：
·Available dates for this program are subjected to tidal conditions．
·The program cannot be conducted in the event of bad weather．
·There is no wet-weather program．Please email us for further enquiries．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了海岸清理活動(dòng)的相關(guān)情況，包括活動(dòng)的詳細(xì)信息，涉及時(shí)間、參與人數(shù)、所需物品以及價(jià)格等。
1．What do we know about Coastal Clean-ups Program
A．It is specially designed for scholars．
B．It is interesting as well as instructive．
C．It is part of schools' VIA programs．
D．It contributes to participants' independence．
√
B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句 “Our program aims to develop an appreciation for our environment in our participants by including fun into environmental education．”可知，該活動(dòng)既有趣又富有教育意義。]
2．What can cause the cancellation of the program
A．Terrible weather．
B．A shortage of cleaning tools．
C．No comfortable outdoor shoes．
D．Limited number of participants．
√
A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Important Notes部分中“The program cannot be conducted in the event of bad weather．”可知，如果天氣不好，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目就不能進(jìn)行。]
√
A　[文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了海岸清理活動(dòng)的相關(guān)情況，包括活動(dòng)的詳細(xì)信息，涉及時(shí)間、參與人數(shù)、所需物品以及價(jià)格等。故推斷文章是一則廣告。]
3．Where is the text probably taken from
A．An advertisement． B．A natural science magazine．
C．A research report． D．A school-tour website．
Passage 2
(2024·河北石家莊三模)
When she was 61，Sian Davies decided to row across the Atlantic Ocean．In March 2021，she was one of the 12 crew members who set out on the 3，000-mile journey from Tenerife to battle sun，salt and fierce currents．“We would row in three-hour shifts and only sleep for an hour or so every six hours，” she says．“For the first 15 days，I was seasick，so I hardly ate anything．I was just rowing and collapsing．I went through some pretty dark times．”
But after 42 days on the water，Davies reached Antigua becoming one of the only six women in the world over the age of 60 to have rowed across an ocean．“I was exhausted and I was also so proud of myself，” she says．
Davies began rowing when she was 53，after spotting a six-oar rowing boat in Bristol harbor．Attracted by its size and appearance，she spoke to the crew and was encouraged to do a trial run．“As soon as I got on the water，I fell in love with it，” she says．“Feeling your whole body working and the fresh air on your skin is amazing．”
It wasn't until 2017，though，that her Atlantic plans were born．Suffering from a herniated disc (椎間盤突出)，she was only able to crawl out of bed．“I began thinking of things I could look forward to after I had surgery，” she says．“One day I was reading about women adventurers when it hit me that once better，I would row across an ocean．”
After successful surgery，Davies began driving to meet other women who had undertaken rows．Hearing the experiences and advice of them gave Davies the confidence．Soon after，she heard that a new boat producer was organizing a team for a voyage across the Atlantic and she joined it immediately．
“In June，I'm planning to break a few world records by rowing around the UK when I'm 64，and I want to motorcycle through the Himalayas later in the year．After all，we need things to look back on，” she says．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Sian Davies在61歲時(shí)決定劃船穿越大西洋的經(jīng)歷和她的感受。
4．What do we know about Davies' journey across the Atlantic
A．She fell apart and abandoned the task．
B．She suffered a lot during the process．
C．She was the oldest woman to finish it．
D．She rowed along with six other women．
√
B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“‘We would row in three-hour shifts and only sleep for an hour or so every six hours，’ she says．‘For the first 15 days，I was seasick，so I hardly ate anything．I was just rowing and collapsing．I went through some pretty dark times．’”可知，Davies在穿越大西洋過程中遭受了很多苦難。]
5．How did Davies feel about her first attempt to row
A．Painful． B．Frightened．
C．Confident． D．Impressed．
√
D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“‘As soon as I got on the water，I fell in love with it，’ she says．‘Feeling your whole body working and the fresh air on your skin is amazing．’”可知，Davies對(duì)她的第一次嘗試劃船感到印象深刻。]
√
C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的“One day I was reading about women adventurers when it hit me that once better，I would row across an ocean．”可知，一些女性冒險(xiǎn)家的故事激發(fā)了Davies劃船穿越海洋的靈感。]
6．What inspired Davies to row across an ocean
A．A trial row on a six-oar rowing boat．
B．Support from a boat company．
C．Stories of some women adventurers．
D．Sufferings from her back pain．
√
D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“In March 2021，she was one of the 12 crew members who set out on the 3，000-mile journey from Tenerife to battle sun，salt and fierce currents．”以及最后一段“I want to motorcycle through the Himalayas later in the year”可知，她是一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)和有雄心壯志的人。]
7．Which of the following best describes Davies
A．Caring and open-minded． B．Humble and self-motivated．
C．Determined and easy-going． D．Strong-willed and ambitious．
Passage 3
(2024·湖南長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)三模)
Rogue waves(瘋狗浪)，called “extreme storm waves” by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them，according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)．These abnormal waves，which happen every day and all over the world，are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them．
Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another，combining to form huge walls of water，according to NOAA．However，why and where they appear is unclear．But using 700 years' worth of ocean data including historical records and data from buoys (浮標(biāo)) in 158 locations around the world，researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”．
“They are caused by a combination of many factors that，until now，have not been combined into a single risk assessment，” said lead author Dion H fner．H fner and his co-workers mapped the factors that may lead to rogue waves and used AI to make a single model that could determine the likelihood that a rogue wave will form．
The team trained a neural network using historical wave data．This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them．But the AI's methods were hid in a black box．This means scientists couldn't know how the AI did its workings．So H fner's team applied another form of machine learning，which produced an equation (綜合體) when fed data，rather than just a single prediction，helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions．
“Our analysis demonstrates that abnormal waves occur all the time．In fact，we registered 100，000 waves in our data set that can be defined as rogue waves，” H fner said．This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave，H fner added，and can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world．Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。“瘋狗浪”被科學(xué)家稱為“極端風(fēng)暴波”，是一種巨大的、意想不到的、危險(xiǎn)的海浪。研究人員發(fā)明了一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)可以有效顯示“瘋狗浪”的跡象，更好地保護(hù)在世界各地航行的船只免受破壞。
8．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By using an example．
B．By giving a definition．
C．By drawing a comparison．
D．By making an assumption．
√
B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段再結(jié)合下文中關(guān)于“瘋狗浪”的介紹可知，作者主要通過對(duì)“瘋狗浪”下定義來引入話題。故選B。]
9．What can the system do according to paragraph 2
A．Monitor huge sea creatures．
B．Guide ships around in the sea．
C．Prevent rouge waves from occurring．
D．Forecast the hitting of rogue waves．
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D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“why and where they appear is unclear...researchers have now created a system for predicting these ‘huge beasts’”可知，瘋狗浪出現(xiàn)的原因和地點(diǎn)尚不清楚，因此，研究人員創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)系統(tǒng)來預(yù)測(cè)這些“巨獸”。 ]
10．What is the disadvantage of the AI's methods
A．They aren't visible．
B．They depend on too many factors．
C．They make inaccurate predictions．
D．They don't process data systematically．
√
A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“But the AI's methods were hid in a black box．This means scientists couldn't know how the AI did its workings．”可知，人工智能的方法被藏在一個(gè)黑箱里，這意味著科學(xué)家無法知道人工智能是如何工作的。]
11．How does H fner find the system
A．It requires more field tests． B．It has been widely used．
C．It needs further improvement． D．It has a promising future．
√
D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave，H fner added，...and can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world．Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course．”可知，H fner認(rèn)為這個(gè)系統(tǒng)有著很好的發(fā)展前景。]
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