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(共47張PPT)
第一部分 復習講義
板塊二 語言運用
類型二　無提示詞類
專題四　語法填空
考點一　當空格處需要填冠詞時
1．明晰冠詞的解題思路
第四節　無提示詞之冠詞、介詞、代詞和并列連詞
2．牢記含有冠詞的常用固定搭配
(1)含有不定冠詞的固定搭配
have a rest(休息)；have a break(休息)；take a walk(散步)；have a look(看一看)；in a moment(立刻)；in a minute(馬上)；once upon a time(從前)；a large number of(大量)等。
(2)含有定冠詞的固定搭配
make the most of (充分利用)；in the daytime (在白天)；in the end (最后)；in the habit of (有……習慣)；not in the least(一點也不)；in the distance (在遠處)；in the way(擋道)等。
【典例1】(2023·新課標Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with_________ touch of sweetness，and the surrounding soup hot，clear and delicious．
【解析】考查冠詞。a touch of 為固定搭配，意為“少許”。故填__。
a
【典例2】(2023·浙江1月卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect_________ culture of grassroots Beijingers．
【解析】考查冠詞。根據名詞culture后面的介詞短語“of grassroots Beijingers”可知，此處culture表示特指概念，應用定冠詞the修飾。故填___。
the
考點二　當空格處需要填介詞時
當名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語或動詞的賓語時，其前面一般是填介詞。通?？疾榻樵~與動詞、名詞、形容詞的搭配。要牢記?？冀樵~構成的短語。
1．由at構成的短語
at dawn/sunrise/noon/night/dusk黎明/日出/中午/晚上/黃昏；at table/college吃飯/上大學；at last最后；at a time每次；at times有時候；at the same time同時等。
2．由by構成的短語
by accident/chance偶然；by turns輪流；by check用支票；by mistake錯誤地；by no means決不；by e-mail通過電子郵件；by birth在血統上；by means of借助……手段等。
3．由from構成的短語
from memory憑記憶；from day to day日復一日；from now on 從現在起；from bad to worse越來越糟；from beginning to end 從頭到尾等。
4．由in構成的短語
in high/poor/bad spirits情緒高漲/低落/差；in tears熱淚盈眶；in fear在恐懼中；in danger在危險中；in peace和平相處；in surprise驚訝地；in trouble陷入困境；in safety很安全等。
5．由on構成的短語
on board在船上(或飛機上、火車上)；on duty值班；on fire火辣辣；on earth到底；on holiday/vacation度假；go on strike罷工；on show在上映；on (the) average平均等。
6．由of構成的短語
①of＋抽象名詞＝形容詞
②of＋great/much＋抽象名詞＝very＋形容詞
如：It is of great/much value．＝It is very valuable．
③of＋no＋抽象名詞＝not＋形容詞
如It is of no use．＝It is not useful．
7．由out of構成的短語
out of breath氣喘吁吁；out of control失去控制；out of danger脫險；out of work失業；out of date過時等。
【典例1】(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways_________ Romeo and Juliet．
【解析】考查介詞。此處考查固定短語be similar to，表示“與……相似”。故填__。
to
【典例2】(2023·全國甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility
_________ saving their environment．
【解析】考查介詞。分析句子結構可知，空格在動詞-ing前，應考慮用介詞，再結合句意可知， 此處考查固定短語“take responsibility for”，意為“對……負責”。故填___。
for
【典例3】(2023·全國乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums，narrow hutong 61．________ royal palaces，it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout，with the city keeping its carefully 62．built system of ring roads．
【解析】考查介詞。根據上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空處和上文保持一致，表示“從……到……”，用“from...to”結構。故填__。
to
考點三　當空格處需要填代詞時
當句中缺少主語或賓語時，一般要填代詞，主要包括不定代詞和it。
1．熟記不定代詞的區別
the other 指兩者中的另一個，表示特指
other 表示泛指，意為“另外的，其他的”，修飾可數名詞復數，不可單獨使用
others 泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用結構：some...others...
the others 表示特定范圍中的“另外的全部”
another 泛指同類的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一個，可單獨使用或在其后加可數名詞單數
one 指代前面出現過的那類事物中的 “一個”，其復數形式是 ones
that 指代上文出現的單數名詞或不可數名詞
those 指代上文出現的復數名詞
2．牢記代詞it的常考用法
(1)指代天氣、時間、距離等。
(2)代替上文提到過的事物。
(3)代替性別不明的嬰兒、動物或不確定的某個人。
(4)代替不定式、動詞-ing形式或從句作形式主語或形式賓語。
(5)it的常用固定句型
·It is/was＋被強調成分＋that/who...
·It＋be＋adj．＋of/for sb．to do sth．
·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth．
·It is a pity/a fact/no wonder/adj．＋that...
·It seems/appears/happens/turned out/occurred to sb．＋that...
·It is said/reported/believed...＋that...
·It takes sb．some time/money to do sth．
·主語＋think/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep...＋it＋補語＋to do sth．/that...
·主語＋like/hate/love...＋it＋從句
【典例1】If you are time-poor，you need to run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give_________ a try．
【解析】考查代詞。根據句意可知，此處表示“我們都應該試著跑跑步”，指代上文中的跑步這件事。故填__。
it
【典例2】Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap_________ can be to eat out．
【解析】考查代詞。分析句子結構可知，句子缺少形式主語。不定式to eat out為真正的主語，此處應用it作形式主語。故填__。
it
考點四　當空格處需要填并列連詞時
1．分析空格處前后單詞、短語或分句之間的關系，確定用哪個連詞。
(1)表示并列或遞進關系的有：and，both...and...，not only...but (also)...等。
(2)表示選擇關系的有：or，either...or...，neither...nor...等。
(3)表示轉折或對比關系的有：but，while，not...but...等。
(4)表示因果關系的有：so，for等。
2．“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”句型。
3．其他固定句型
·be doing sth．when...正在做某事這時……
·be about to do sth．/be on the point of doing sth．when...正要做某事這時……
·had just done sth．when...剛做完某事這時……
·hardly had sb．/sth．done when...剛……就……
·no sooner had sb．/sth．done than...(一般過去時)一……就……
【典例1】(2023· 新課標Ⅱ卷)It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop_________ to see the pandas settle into their new home．
【解析】考查連詞。 “to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”是并列關系，應該用____連接。
and
【典例2】(2024·浙江1月卷)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home_________ you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh．
【解析】考查并列連詞。either...or...意為“要么……要么……”，為固定搭配，所以此處應用連詞__。
or
隨堂演練促遷移
Ⅰ．專項演練
1．(2024·浙江省名校協作體高三聯考)To protect the Asian elephant as well as other wildlife，the prefecture expanded the area of its nature reserves，which has nearly doubled from 24，000 hectares in ___ 1980s to 41，466 hectares now．
2．On public holidays，the park becomes _ sea of busy people as parties take place．
the
a
3．(2024·湖南省五市十校高三聯考)Drawn by curiosity，more kids will be willing to observe and think through practicing，which will add to our recognition of the world in _____ long run．
4．The ride lasts several minutes．It travels from the security area to the boarding gate __ a speed of 3.5 kilometers per hour．
5．(2024·長沙一中高三二調)It was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover，and this left the deepest impression ___ the students．
the
at
on
6．(2024·武漢外國語學校高三調研)The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air．The second suggested that people absorbed this disease ____ their bodies with their meals．
7．(2024·廣東2月聯考)We must keep reminding _________ that it is easier to get into something than to get out of it．
8．(2024·廣東2月聯考)At our factory there are a few machines similar to the ____ described in this magazine．
into
ourselves
ones
9．My bike was old and shaky ___ did the job．
10．It’s also that they are on average healthier ___ more productive for longer．
but
and
Ⅱ．模擬沖關
Passage 1
(2024·湖南邵陽二模)
A Warring States Period Qintripod-shaped bronze lamp 1．______________ (unearth) in 1974 in Pingliang，Gansu Province，2．________ important part of the Silk Road．The lamp is now on display in the Gansu Provincial Museum because of its unique scientific and 3．________(history) value．
was unearthed
an
historic
The lamp has a diameter of 11.3 cm and a height of 16.7 cm when 4．________(close)．It is in the shape of a tripod with three legs at the bottom，two duck-head-like ears 5．________(face) each other on either side of the cap，keys on the tops of the ears，and an iron pillar in the middle．
closed
facing
6．________(open) the lamp，first turn the cap so 7．________ the two duck heads on the top cover face away from the double keys，then close the tops of the double keys，and 8．________ (use) a “herringbone” shaped bracket to support the round tripod cover．The lamp panel will become a copper fuel lamp with a height of 30.2 cm．
To open
that
use
When not 9．________ use，press down the double keys，rotate the double duck heads between the lids to lock them tightly，and close the tripod lid．Due to the exquisite design and craftsmanship once closed，the seal is tight and the lamp oil stored in the tripod body will not leak out．It is rare that there is still muddy lamp oil in the tripod of a bronze lamp that is more than 2，000 years old．
in
This 10．__________ (seem) simple lamp not only has practical value，but also provides clues for historians to study the Silk Road．With digitization empowering museums，visitors can now interact with this treasure through an electronic touch screen．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了戰國時期秦三腳架形青銅燈的構造，工作原理和它的歷史與文化價值，它體現了古代中國人民的智慧。
seemingly
1．was unearthed　[考查動詞的時態，語態和主謂一致。句意：戰國時期秦三腳架形青銅燈于1974年在甘肅平涼出土，甘肅平涼是絲綢之路的重要組成部分。分析句子結構可知，句中缺少謂語動詞，unearth是及物動詞，它和lamp是被動關系，再由時間狀語“in 1974”可知，此處應用一般過去時的被動語態，主語lamp 是單數，故填was unearthed。]
2．an　[考查冠詞。句意同上。分析句子結構可知，________ important part of the Silk Road為同位語， part為可數名詞，important的發音以元音音素開頭，因此使用不定冠詞an，故填an。]
3．historic　[考查詞性轉換。句意：由于其獨特的科學和歷史價值，青銅燈現陳列在甘肅省博物館。分析句子結構可知，設空處修飾名詞value，應用形容詞作定語，historic為形容詞，意為：有重大歷史意義的。故填historic。]
4．closed　[考查狀語從句的省略。句意：當燈關閉時，該燈的直徑為11.3厘米，高度為16.7厘米。when引導時間狀語從句，其完整結構是“when it is closed”，該句省略了“it is”，it指“the lamp”，它和close為被動關系，用過去分詞，故填closed。]
5．facing　[考查非謂語動詞。句意：它的形狀是一個三腳架，底部有三條腿，在蓋子的兩側有兩個鴨頭狀相對的耳朵，兩個按鍵在耳朵的頂部，中間有一根鐵柱。分析句子結構可知，ears跟face在邏輯上為主動關系，應用動詞-ing形式作后置定語，故填facing。]
6．To open　[考查非謂語動詞。句意：要打開燈，首先轉動蓋子，以便燈蓋上的兩個鴨頭遠離雙鍵，然后關閉雙鍵的頂部，使用一個“人字形”支架來支撐圓形三腳架蓋。分析句子結構可知，設空處應用不定式作目的狀語，且位于句首，故填To open。]
7．that　[考查連詞。句意同上。so that引導目的狀語從句，意為“以便”，故填that。]
8．use　[考查祈使句。句意同6題。分析句子結構可知，設空處所在部分為祈使句，應用動詞原形開頭，故填use。]
9．in　[考查固定短語。句意：當不使用時，按下雙鍵，在蓋子之間旋轉雙鴨蓋以鎖緊它們，并關閉三腳架蓋。in use在使用中，故填in。]
10．seemingly　[考查詞性轉換。句意：這貌似簡單的燈不僅具有實用價值，而且為歷史學家研究絲綢之路提供了線索。分析句子結構可知，設空處修飾形容詞simple，應用副詞作狀語，故填seemingly。]
Passage 2
(2024·江蘇南通三模)
As a pioneer bullet train driver，Li Dongxiao，52，is part of the history of China’s high-speed railway network．In 2008，he drove China’s first high-speed train，1．________ (reach) 350 kilometers per hour，between Beijing and Tianjin．
reaching
2．________ number on Li’s bullet train driver’s license is 0001，which led the media to give him the name of China’s “first” bullet train driver．“Over 14 years，the length of the network has grown 3．________ zero to more than 40，000 kilometers，and more varieties of Fuxing bullet trains have been developed and adopted，”he said．
The
from
However，all those 4．__________ (impress) achievements came from the ground up．Driving at high-speed is among certain 5．_________ (profession) that require strict training．In March 2008，Li，along with some of China’s best train drivers，6．___________ (select) to undergo training to operate bullet trains at the manufacturer，China CNR Corp．He participated in more than 200 test runs and created a guidebook for bullet train drivers，7．________ was named after him as the “Dongxiao Manual”．
impressive
professions
was selected
which
China’s high-speed rail network 8．________ (see) rapid development over the past 20 years．Li’s development has been intertwined with the evolution of China’s high-speed railway system．He no longer 9．________ (operate) bullet trains himself，but is now head of the Huairou North locomotive depot (機務段) in Beijing，which is the center of train operations，repair and maintenance．Even more importantly，it is 10．________ all the drivers receive their training．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹中國一號高鐵司機李東曉的事跡。
has seen
operates
where
1．reaching　[考查非謂語動詞。本句已有謂語動詞drove，設空處應用非謂語動詞。所給提示詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系，應用動詞-ing形式作狀語，故填reaching。]
2．The　[考查冠詞。設空處修飾名詞number，表示特指，應用定冠詞the，句首單詞首字母大寫，故填The。]
3．from　[考查介詞。根據“zero to more than 40，000 kilometers”可知，此處用固定短語。from...to...意為“從……到……”，故填from。]
4．impressive　[考查詞性轉換。句意：然而，所有這些令人印象深刻的成就都是從零開始的。設空處修飾名詞achievements作定語，應用形容詞，故填impressive。]
5．professions　[考查名詞的數。設空處為among的賓語，應用名詞形式，根據句意可知，應用復數形式，故填professions。]
6．was selected　[考查動詞的時態，語態和主謂一致。設空處為謂語，根據時間狀語“In March 2008”可知，應用一般過去時，主語Li和謂語之間是被動關系，應用被動語態，并且用第三人稱單數，故填was selected。]
7．which　[考查定語從句。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞guidebook，從句中缺少主語，故填which。]
8．has seen　[考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。設空處為謂語。根據時間狀語“over the past 20 years”可知，應用現在完成時，主語是“China’s high-speed rail network”，謂語用第三人稱單數，故填has seen。]
9．operates　[考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。設空處為謂語。根據下文的is可知，此處應用一般現在時，主語是He，謂語用第三人稱單數，故填operates。]
10．where　[考查表語從句。設空處引導表語從句，從句中缺少地點狀語，應用where引導，故填where。]
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