資源簡介

(共69張PPT)
第一部分 復習講義
板塊二 語言運用
微專題四　語法填空中
“長難句”障礙題答題策略
專題四　語法填空
近年高考語法填空在題目設置上增加了語篇理解的難度、句式結構的復雜性和干擾性，突出在準確理解語境的基礎上考查考生正確分析句法結構的能力，具體表現在以下幾個方面。
【典例1】(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands 63．________ a great achievement in contemporary design，to house the plants of the southwestern part of China[1] at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route [2] 64．________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia[3] to come to define much of the 65．________ (rich) of gardening in England[4]．
[1]目的狀語；[2]定語，修飾a path；[3]定語從句，修飾先行詞the Silk Route；[4]結果狀語。
【解析】
63．考查介詞。這座玻璃溫室是當代設計的一項偉大成就。根據語境和語義填__。
64．考查定語從句。 分析句子結構可知，“__________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to...England”是限制性定語從句修飾先行詞the Silk Route。設空處在定語從句中作主語。故填關系代詞__________。
65．考查詞性轉換。根據空前面的“much of the”以及空后面的of可知，此處需填名詞，且是不可數名詞。rich的名詞是richness，意思是“豐富”。故填__________。
as
that/which
richness
【典例2】(2024新課標Ⅱ卷)64．________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play[1] Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion[2]，Edmondson[3] said[4]，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65．________ see how Tang’s play was being performed．”[5]
[1]動詞-ing形式短語作伴隨狀語；[2]定語從句，修飾先行詞Chinese actors；[3]主語；[4]謂語；[5]賓語從句。
【解析】
64．考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處作狀語，Edmondson和recall之間為主動關系，應用其動詞-ing形式作狀語。位于句首，首字母大寫。故填_________。
65．考查連詞。分析句子結構可知，空處連接兩個并列成分“hear the Chinese language”和“see how Tang’s play was being performed”。故填___。
Recalling
and
【點撥】對于狀語(包括狀語從句)、同位語、定語(包括定語從句)、插入語等非核心信息較多、結構復雜的長難句，我們可以通過鎖定謂語動詞，去掉各種非核心信息，厘清句子的主干，在簡單句的層面上來判斷設空處在句中所作的成分。
二、語篇中生僻詞或短語增多，給考生理解句意造成障礙
【典例】(2022·新課標Ⅰ卷)The GPNP[1] 60．________ (design)[2] to reflect the guiding principle [3]of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，61．________ leaving behind precious natural assets(資產) for future generations”[4]．
[1]主語；[2]謂語；[3]目的狀語；[4]介詞短語作后置定語。其中protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems和preserving biological diversity以及protecting ecological buffer zones還有leaving behind precious natural assets for future generations均作介詞的賓語。
【解析】
60．考查動詞的時態，語態和主謂一致。設空處在句中作謂語，和句子的主語The GPNP之間為被動關系；敘述客觀事實，應用一般現在時。故設空處應為一般現在時的被動語態；主語是單數，謂語應用單數形式。故填___________。
61．考查連詞?！皃rotecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems”，“preserving biological diversity”，“protecting ecological buffer zones”和“leaving behind precious natural assets”四者是動詞-ing形式短語并列作of的賓語，因此用and連接。故填___。
is designed
and
【點撥】對于信息多、生詞多的長難句，我們的破解辦法是通過鎖定謂語動詞，厘清句子主干來拆解句子。
(1)如果是簡單句，就鎖定其為五大基本句型中的某一種；
(2)如果是復合句，則分別鎖定主句和從句為五大基本句型中的某一種；然后再看定狀補等修飾成分。
三、主語部分結構復雜、修飾語多，確定核心詞困難
【典例】During the week-long public holiday，which ended on Oct．7[1]，large numbers of vacationers[2]，especially young professionals who long to escape busy city life[3]，________ (avoid) [4] popular holiday destinations[5] in order to get to places off the beaten track and enjoy some peace and quiet[6]．
[1]時間狀語，其中含有非限制性定語從句；[2]主語；[3]同位語，其中含有who引導的限制性定語從句；[4]謂語；[5]賓語；[6]目的狀語。
【解析】考查動詞的時態。由句式分析可知，空處所填詞在句中作謂語，由時間狀語“During the week-long public holiday ，which ended on Oct．7”可知，此處應使用一般過去時，且avoid與主語之間為主動關系。故填_______。
avoided
【點撥】分辨長難句主語的三個要點：
(1)長難句首先是一個句子，一般來說，必須擁有至少一個主謂結構。
(2)由that、what等引導的主語從句也要有完整的句子結構，從句后，緊跟著的是構成主句謂語的動詞，即“主語從句＋謂語＋其他成分(狀語、補語)”。
(3)當句首有狀語成分時，在這個成分后，一般會有一個獨立的名詞詞組、代詞、動詞-ing形式、不定式、從句等作主語，緊跟主語會有一個謂語形式的動詞。
四、句式結構相似，容易混淆
【典例】His story，which 1．________ ( view ) more than 19 million times up till now[1]，has gone[2] viral[3]on social media platforms [4]and he wins admiration from its users[5]2．________ his courage，determination and hard work[6]．
[1]which引導的定語從句，修飾His story；[2]系動詞；[3]表語；[4]地點狀語；[5]地點狀語；[6]原因狀語。
【解析】
1．考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。設空處在定語從句中作謂語，根據從句的時間狀語“up till now”可知，應使用現在完成時；關系代詞which 指代先行詞His story，和 view之間為被動關系。故填_______________。
2．考查介詞。在and之后的并列分句中，“___________ his courage ，determination and hard work”在句中作原因狀語，表示他贏得欽佩的原因，設空處應使用介詞。故填___。
has been viewed
for
【點撥】常見相似句式梳理
相似結構1
例如：
①The work of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project[1]，which will link China’s four main rivers when finished[2]，requires[3] the construction of three diversion routes，running south-to-north across the eastern，central and western parts of the country[4]，and[5] is expected[6] to cost $62 million—more than twice as much as the Three Gorges Dam．
②The NaviCam[1]，a capsule endoscopy(內窺鏡檢查) system，which was developed by Ankon Medical Technologies in Shanghai[2]，shortens[3] the examination procedure to less than 15 minutes，avoids[4] the risk of cross infection and[5] enables[6] a painless stomach visualization．
[1]主語；[2]定語從句；[3]謂語；[4]動詞-ing形式短語作后置定語；[5]連詞；[6]謂語。
相似結構2
例如：
①The eastern route[1]，which was put into operation in November 2013[2]，transforms [3] water from China’s Jiangsu Province to feed areas including Tianjin and Shandong．
②This system of China[1]，once launched[2]，would serve [3] as great assistance in determining the unexpected behavior of the asteroids(小行星)．
五、一個句子中出現多個主謂結構或多個從句套用
【典例】It is likely that [1] the children[2] whose parents gave them curfews and monitored their friend groups[3] ________(protect) [4] better from harmful behaviors that could have lifelong effects，like smoking or drinking[5]，the researchers said．
[1]主系表結構，It為形式主語；[2]主語從句的主語；[3]whose引導的定語從句；[4]主語從句的謂語；[5]that引導的定語從句。
【解析】考查動詞的時態，語態和主謂一致。該句為主從復合句，句中包含五個主謂(含主系表)結構，我們可以先鎖定句子的主干，然后利用從屬連詞或并列連詞定位每一個主謂結構，然后分析設空處所在的句子結構。由上述分析可知，設空處在that引導的主語從句中作謂語；根據語境，該動作發生在過去，且和主語之間為被動關系，應使用一般過去時的被動語態。主語為復數形式。故填______________。
were protected
【點撥】
1．含有多個主謂結構的長難句
首先明確每一個主謂結構代表一個句子，句子之間應有連接詞，然后根據已有的并列連詞、從屬連詞和句意確定這些句子之間的關系，從而確定空處在句中所作成分。
2．從句套用類長難句
(1)首先利用連接詞和主謂結構的個數厘清主句和從句的層次。
(2)然后找到主句的主干——主謂、主謂賓、主系表、主謂雙賓或主謂賓賓補。對每一個從句也使用同樣的方法梳理其主干部分。
綜合以上情況，我們不難看出這無疑對考生的句式分析能力提出了更高的要求，務必引起考生的高度重視。
針對性訓練30　語法“我”命題
Passage 1
【試題素材】
One person can make a great difference to the world．Tim Wong，a senior biologist，single-handedly brought a butterfly species struggling to live back to his home city of San Francisco．
Wong became aware of the butterfly species—the California pipevine swallowtail，which is native to San Francisco —several years ago．He was creating a pollinator (傳粉者) habitat in his backyard when he realized extra help was needed for the butterflies．Although the species was seen in some other places，it almost disappeared from San Francisco because there were a limited number of the species’host plants，the California pipevine，in the city．So，Wong decided to help．
Fortunately，Wong was able to find the plant in the San Francisco Botanical Garden and was allowed to take home a few cuttings of the plant．He then planted the cuttings and built a large screen enclosure (圍場) to make the butterflies live under outdoor environmental conditions．Once his butterfly garden was complete，Wong traveled around to carefully source 20 California pipevine swallowtail caterpillars (毛蟲)．He took good care of them until they laid eggs on the pipevine plants and raised new caterpillars in the same habitat．“From there，” Wong said，“the cycle continues．”
Though Wong appreciates the attention to his favorite butterflies，he stressed that conservation can start anywhere．“Improving habitats for native species is something anyone can do，” Wong said．
【我來命題】
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
【命題參考】
One person can make a great difference to the world．Tim Wong，1．________ senior biologist，single-handedly brought a butterfly species 2．___________ (struggle) to live back to his home city of San Francisco．
a
struggling
Wong became aware of the butterfly species — the California pipevine swallowtail，3．________ is native to San Francisco—several years ago．He was creating a pollinator (傳粉者) habitat in his backyard when he realized extra help was needed 4．________ the butterflies．Although the species was seen in some other places，it almost disappeared from San Francisco because there were a 5．________ (limit) number of the species’host plants，the California pipevine，in the city．So，Wong decided to help．
which
for
limited
6．__________ (fortunate)，Wong was able to find the plant in the San Francisco Botanical Garden and was allowed to take home a few cuttings of the plant．He then planted the cuttings and built a large screen enclosure (圍場) 7．________ (make) the butterflies live under outdoor environmental conditions．Once his butterfly garden was complete，Wong traveled around to carefully source 20 California pipevine swallowtail caterpillars (毛蟲)．He took good care of 8．________ (they) until they laid eggs on the pipevine plants and raised new caterpillars in the same habitat．“From there，” Wong said，“the cycle continues．”
Fortunately
to make
them
Though Wong appreciates the attention to his favorite butterflies，he stressed that 9．________________ (conserve) can start anywhere．
“Improving habitats for native species 10．________ (be) something anyone can do，” Wong said．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Tim Wong如何獨自將舊金山本土的一個幾乎消失的蝴蝶物種拯救回來的故事。
conservation
is
1．a　[考查冠詞。分析語境可知，此處意為“一個資深的生物學家”，表示泛指，故填不定冠詞 a。]
2．struggling　[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子成分可知，此處缺少a butterfly species的后置定語；且a butterfly species與struggle之間為主動關系，應用動詞-ing形式。故填struggling。]
3．which　[考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結構可知，此處是一個非限制性定語從句，從句中缺指物的主語。故填which。]
4．for　[考查介詞。根據句意可知，此處表示需要額外幫助的對象。for“對于；為”，符合語境。故填for。]
5．limited　[考查詞性轉換。分析語境可知，此處需用形容詞作定語。故填 limited。]
6．Fortunately　[考查詞性轉換。此處需用副詞作狀語修飾整個句子。故填 Fortunately。]
7．to make　[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處需用動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填 to make。]
8．them　[考查代詞。此處需用代詞作介詞 of的賓語，故填人稱代詞的賓格形式 them。]
9．conservation　[考查詞性轉換。此處需用名詞作主語。故填conservation。]
10．is　[考查動詞的主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，動詞-ing形式短語在句子中作主語，表單數概念，且表示一般狀況。故填is。]
Passage 2
【試題素材】
The Ganqiu Festival is one of the oldest traditional celebrations and social activities of the Miao ethnic group in China．It falls on the first day of “Liqiu”， which indicates the end of summer．Miao people settling down in Huayuan County，Fenghuang County，Jishou County，Luxi County and several other counties in Hunan Province hold a series of grand ceremonies to celebrate the day．The festival is not only an opportunity for Miao people to celebrate a good harvest，but an important social occasion for young Miao men and women as well．
According to local tales，Miao people drove out demons (惡魔) from their lands and began planting rice to build up their homeland．And due to their hard work，they were blessed with a harvest every autumn．Since then，the festival has remained a celebration of their victory，an expression of their appreciation for the harvest season，and a way to send blessings to others．
Having a long history，the Ganqiu Festival observes many customs passed down from generation to generation．Traditionally，during the day，Miao people wear colorful costumes and gather for a feast featuring attractive shows and sports activities．The festival was listed as national intangible cultural heritage in 2014 and later as UNESCO intangible cultural heritage in 2016．
【我來命題】
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
【命題參考】
The Ganqiu Festival is one of the oldest traditional celebrations and social activities of the Miao ethnic group in China．It falls on the first day of “Liqiu”， 1．________ indicates the end of summer．Miao people 2．________ (settle) down in Huayuan County，Fenghuang County，Jishou County，Luxi County and several other counties in Hunan Province hold a series of grand 3．__________(ceremony) to celebrate the day．The festival is not only an opportunity for Miao people to celebrate a good harvest，but 4．________ important social occasion for young Miao men and women as well．
which
settling
ceremonies
an
According to local tales，Miao people drove out demons (惡魔) from their lands and began planting rice to build up their homeland．And due to their hard work，they were blessed 5．________ a harvest every autumn．Since then，the festival has remained a celebration of their victory，an expression of their 6．______________ (appreciate) for the harvest season，and a way to send blessings to others．
with
appreciation
Having a long history，the Ganqiu Festival observes many customs 7．______ (pass) down from generation to generation．8．__________ (traditional)，during the day，Miao people wear colorful costumes and gather for a feast featuring 9．__________ (attract) shows and sports activities．The festival 10．________ (list) as national intangible cultural heritage in 2014 and later as UNESCO intangible cultural heritage in 2016．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國苗族“趕秋節”的歷史、活動和意義。
passed
Traditionally
attractive
was listed
1．which　[考查定語從句。根據句意，此處應填關系代詞，指代 Liqiu，故填which。]
2．settling　[考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞hold，此處應填非謂語動詞修飾 people，二者為主動關系。故填settling。]
3．ceremonies　[考查名詞的數。根據空前的形容詞grand 可知，此處應填名詞，且ceremony為可數名詞，故填復數形式 ceremonies。]
4．an　[考查冠詞。此處表示泛指，需填不定冠詞，修飾可數名詞短語important social occasion，且important 發音以元音音素開頭。故填an。]
5．with　[考查介詞。be blessed with為固定搭配，表示“享有”。故填with。]
6．appreciation　[考查詞性轉換。根據空前的形容詞性物主代詞 their 可知，此處應填appreciate的名詞形式。故填appreciation。]
7．passed　[考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞observes，此處應填非謂語動詞。many customs 與pass down 為動賓關系，故填過去分詞passed作后置定語。]
8．Traditionally　[考查詞性轉換。根據句意可知，此處表示“按照傳統，苗族人會在節日那天穿上盛裝……”，故填副詞 Traditionally。]
9．attractive　[考查詞性轉換。此處應填形容詞修飾名詞 shows，故填形容詞attractive。]
10．was listed　[考查動詞的時態，語態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語in 2014和in 2016 可知，此處應用過去時，主語festival為單數，且與list之間為被動關系，故填 was listed。]
Passage 3
【試題素材】
Dr．Karam，a talented surgeon，gained a reputation for doing complex liver transplants(肝臟移植)that were considered impossible by his peers．His talent and skills had saved many lives in numerous operations that other surgeons would give up on．He became known amongst patients as the miracle worker who could give hope to even the most desperate medical cases．
However，later in his promising career，Dr．Karam suffered severe nerve damage in both his hands due to a car accident—a condition that made holding medical instruments extremely painful and difficult．The accident did harm to the sensory nerves (感官神經) in his fingers，resulting in their loss of sensation and the damage of fine motor control．Even routine daily tasks like buttoning up his shirt caused him great pain due to nerve pain signals he constantly felt．
After struggling for many painful months when he could not perform operations，Dr．Karam designed special instruments to overcome his injury．He invented small braces (支架) with sensors and micro motors that helped gain accuracy control and stability back to his hands．With his determination and special tools，Dr．Karam soon began performing impressive operations again．
【我來命題】
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
【命題參考】
Dr．Karam，a talented surgeon，gained a reputation for doing complex liver transplants(肝臟移植)1．___________ were considered impossible by his peers．His talent and skills had saved many lives in numerous operations that other surgeons would give up on．He became known amongst patients 2．________ the miracle worker who could give hope to even the most desperate medical cases．
that/which
as
However，later in his promising career，Dr．Karam suffered severe nerve damage in both his hands due to 3．________ car accident—a condition that made 4．_____________ (hold) medical instruments extremely painful and difficult．The accident did harm to the sensory nerves (感官神經) in his 5．________(finger)，resulting in their loss of sensation and the damage of fine motor control．Even routine daily tasks like buttoning up his shirt caused him great pain due to nerve pain signals he 6．___________ (constant) felt．
a
holding
fingers
constantly
After struggling for many painful months when he could not perform operations，Dr．Karam designed special instruments 7．___________ (overcome) his injury．He 8．________(invent) small braces (支架) with sensors and micro motors that helped gain accuracy control and 9．________(stable) back to his hands．With his determination and special tools，Dr．Karam soon began performing 10．__________ (impress) operations again．
to overcome
invented
stability
impressive
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了卡拉姆醫生因車禍雙手受傷的故事。他通過發明特殊工具，恢復了手部的精確控制能力，并重新開展了手術。
1．that/which　[考查定語從句。先行詞是transplants，所填詞在從句中作主語，故填關系代詞that/which。]
2．as　[考查介詞。固定短語become known as ...，意為“作為……而為人熟知”。故填as。]
3．a　[考查冠詞。根據語境可知，這里泛指一次車禍，且car發音以輔音音素開頭，故填不定冠詞a。]
4．holding　[考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知，所填詞和medical instruments組成動賓短語作 make的賓語，故填動詞-ing形式holding。]
5．fingers　[考查名詞的數。根據上文“Dr．Karam suffered severe nerve damage in both his hands”可知，這場交通事故造成了卡拉姆醫生雙手手指感官神經的損傷，故填名詞復數形式fingers。]
6．constantly　[考查詞性轉換。所填詞修飾動詞felt，故填副詞形式constantly。]
7．to overcome　[考查非謂語動詞。所填非謂語動詞作目的狀語，故填動詞不定式形式to overcome。]
8．invented　[考查動詞的時態。根據語境可知，本句應為一般過去時，故填動詞的過去式 invented。]
9．stability　[考查詞性轉換。所填詞作賓語，結合空前的并列名詞accuracy control可知，此處應填名詞，故填stability。]
10．impressive　[考查詞性轉換。所填詞修飾名詞operations，作定語，故填形容詞impressive。]
Passage 4
【試題素材】
Yunshuiyao is located in the south of Fujian Province．It’s a peaceful and beautiful village with hundreds of years of history behind it，particularly with reference to the Jian clan (宗族)．The majority of the buildings there are clay houses built by gifted workers during the Qing Dynasty，including a big Ancestral Hall for the Jian family．There are several banyan trees (榕樹) on the riverside，which are hundreds of years old．One of them has branches measuring over 30 meters in length．There are two famous tulous nearby．
Huaiyuan Lou was built in 1909，following the “connected rooms” design．Because of its short history，the whole building gets well preserved and thus serves as a good example of what a circular tulou should look like．Huaiyuan Lou is four storeys(樓層)high，with each floor holding 34 rooms．
Hegui Lou was built in 1732，originally with four storeys．Unfortunately，it was destroyed during an attack; it later had reconstruction and had five storeys．The main structure now has 28 rooms on each floor．There’s a front yard providing more space for residents．
These buildings are valuable and have a tendency to attract more and more tourists．
【我來命題】
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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【命題參考】
Yunshuiyao is located in the south of Fujian Province．It’s a peaceful and beautiful village with hundreds of years of history behind it，particularly with 1．___________ (refer) to the Jian clan (宗族)．The majority of the buildings there are clay houses built by 2．________ (gift) workers during the Qing Dynasty，including a big Ancestral Hall for the Jian family．There are several banyan trees (榕樹) on the riverside，which are hundreds of years old．One of them has branches measuring over 30 meters 3．________ length．There are two famous tulous nearby．
reference
gifted
in
Huaiyuan Lou was built in 1909，following the “connected rooms” design．Because of its short history，the whole building gets well 4．________ (preserve) and thus serves as a good example of 5．________ a circular tulou should look like．Huaiyuan Lou is four storeys(樓層)high，with each floor 6．________(hold) 34 rooms．
preserved
what
holding
Hegui Lou was built in 1732，7．________(original) with four storeys．Unfortunately，it 8．_____________ (destroy) during an attack; it later had reconstruction and had five storeys．The main structure now has 28 rooms on each floor．There’s 9．________ front yard providing more space for residents．
These buildings are valuable and have a tendency 10．________ (attract) more and more tourists．
originally
was destroyed
a
to attract
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了云水謠這個地方，它地處中國福建省，屬于世界文化遺產“福建土樓”的一個景區，這兒有百年老榕樹和神奇土樓等。
1．reference　[考查詞性轉換。所填詞作賓語，結合空前的介詞可知，應填動詞refer 的名詞形式。 with reference to 意為“關于”。故填reference。]
2．gifted　[考查詞性轉換。所填詞修飾名詞workers，作定語，需填 gift的形容詞形式，表示“有天賦的”。故填gifted。]
3．in　[考查介詞。根據句意可知，句子使用了固定短語“in length”，意為“在長度方面”。故填in。]
4．preserved　[考查非謂語動詞。所填詞作系動詞 gets 的表語，起形容詞的作用，且邏輯主語 the whole building和preserve之間是被動關系， 故用過去分詞形式。]
5．what　[考查連詞。所填連詞引導的是賓語從句，作介詞of的賓語，連詞在從句中作主語，故填what。]
6．holding　[考查非謂語動詞。所填動詞作介詞with 的賓語補足語，且表主動，故用動詞-ing形式。]
7．originally　[考查詞性轉換。所填詞修飾介詞短語，故用副詞形式。]
8．was destroyed　[考查動詞的時態，語態和主謂一致。主語it與 destroy之間是被動關系，結合前后句的語境可知，應用一般過去時的被動語態。]
9．a　[考查冠詞。yard是一個可數名詞，該句中泛指“一個院子”，且被修飾詞以輔音音素開頭，故填a。]
10．to attract　[考查非謂語動詞。tendency 意為“趨勢”，后跟不定式作定語，故填to attract。]
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