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(共15張PPT)
定語從句
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20XX.XX.XX
目錄
01
關系代詞引導的定語從句
02
關系副詞引導的定語從句
03
介詞+關系代詞引導定語從句
命題分析
定語從句是近幾年高考的考查熱點,主要考查:
1.限制性定語從句中關系代詞that、which、who、as以及關系副詞when、where、why的正確使用;
2.“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句時，介詞或關系代詞的選用；
3.非限制性定語從句中常見的關系詞which、who和where的正確使用。
4.whose在定語從句中作定語的情況。
01
考向探究&真題試做
1.[2024·新課標I卷]The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of path retracing the steps along the Silk Road ______ brought the plants from ...
2.Chinese cultural elements commemorating(紀念)Tang Xianzu, _____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Aisa”
3. [2023·北京卷]Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ______ thousands were attending a water conference.
4. [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
5. [2022·新高考卷]I looked around and finally spotted David, _____ was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.
6. [2022·新高考卷]David had a brain disease ________ prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.
that
who
where
that
who
that/which
考點1 關系代詞引導的定語從句
1.who、whom、whose引導的定語從句
（1）who或whom均可指代人,who在從句中可作主語也可作賓語,whom在從句中只作賓語,兩者在引導限制性定語從句時常可用that替換。作主語時,who/that不可省略;作賓語時,whom/who/that可以省略，但跟在介詞后面作賓語時，關系代詞不可省略。
I've become good friends with several of the students in my school （who/whom/that） I met in the English speech contest last year. 去年，我與幾個在英語演講比賽中結識的學生成了好朋友。
Part-time workers, the majority of whom are women, are doubly disadvantaged.兼職工作者多數為女性，處于雙重的不利條件下。（此處，為多數學生易錯點；在語法填空中，會誤填成the majority of them）
（2）whose表示所屬關系,一般指人,也可指物,在從句中作定語。其指物時相當于of which,指人時相當于of whom。
（2022·全國乙卷）So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose（=of whom） shoes were held together with string was a surprise.
考點1 關系代詞引導的定語從句
2.that、which引導的定語從句
（1）which指物,常在從句中作主語、賓語,作賓語時可以省略。that指人或物,常在從句中作主語、賓語、表語,作賓語時可以省略。
（2）限制性定語從句中,關系代詞只用that而不用which的情況:
①先行詞為不定代詞anything、nothing、something、everything、all、some、none、little、few、the one等時。
②先行詞為形容詞最高級或序數詞,或先行詞前有形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾時。
③先行詞被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、every、each、few、little、no、some、all等修飾時。
④先行詞中既有表示人又有表示物的詞時。
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.我拒絕為別人的錯誤承擔責任。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他們在桂林參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。
考點1 關系代詞引導的定語從句
（3）關系代詞只用which而不用that的情況:
①關系詞引導非限制性定語從句時。
The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.這個男孩離家一個星期了,這使他的父母很擔心。
which引導非限制性定語從句代指主句整句話的內容時，只能位于主句之后。
He kept lying to me, which annoyed me greatly. 他總是對我說謊,這使我很惱火。
②關系代詞前有介詞時。
（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail 那么，為什么他突然強迫我做一些我肯定會失敗的事情呢？
③句子中已經有that引導的從句時，為了避免重復，另外一個用which。
考點1 關系代詞引導的定語從句
3.as引導的定語從句
（1）as可以引導限制性定語從句,常用于“such/the same+先行詞+as...”結構中。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我們車間使用的這種機器就是中國制造的。
（2）as也可以引導非限制性定語從句,補充說明整個句子,可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的表達有as the saying goes、as is said above、as is mentioned above、as often happens、as is often the case、as is reported in the newspaper、as is expected等。
關系詞 位置 意義
as 可放在主句之前、之中或之后 意為“正如……”，后面的謂語動詞多用see、 know、expect、say、mention、report等
which 通常放在主句之后 意為“這一點”或“這件事”
考點2 關系副詞引導的定語從句
1.where引導的定語從句
where表示地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語,相當于“介詞+which”。 當先行詞為situation、case、stage、point、activity、atmosphere等抽象名詞,且引導詞在定語從句中表示事情發生的情況、階段等時,常用關系副詞where引導定語從句。
They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience. 在這些情況下，我們都需要多一點耐心。
2.when引導的定語從句
when表示時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語,相當于“介詞+which”。
It might be the time when（=during which） you helped a friend with their homework...
3.why引導的定語從句
why表示原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語,相當于“for+which”。在非限制性定語從句中,用for which表示原因而不用why。
I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting. 我把我沒有去開會的原因告訴了他們。
Rankings, however, are only one reason why（=for which） a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
考點3 “介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句
1.介詞和關系代詞的確定
若介詞放在關系代詞之前,關系代詞指人時用whom,指物時用which。另外,whose也可以放在介詞后,即“介詞+whose+名詞”結構。
（2021·浙江1月卷）Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate.黑猩猩會檢查自己是否得到了想要與之交流的動物的關注。
一般來說,確定關系代詞前的介詞,可以從以下三個方面入手:
①依據定語從句中動詞或形容詞的習慣搭配來確定
I bought a great many books， on which I spent all my money that I had saved.我買了很多書，花光了我所有的積蓄。
②依據先行詞的習慣搭配來確定
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永遠不會忘記在鄉下度過的童年時光。
③根據所表達的意思來確定
2.“of +關系代詞”引導的定語從句
在some、any、few、little、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each等代詞或數詞的前后表示整體與部分的關系時，可以用of which/whom。
1. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of _________ have emotional control issues.
2. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, and many of ________ have emotional control issues.
比較上面兩個句子，區別在哪？
whom
them
Practice
[2023·云南昆明一中模擬]You may sometimes notice athletes with purple circles on their skin from cupping. Or maybe you know someone __________ swears by acupuncture （針灸） for their back pain.
2. [2023·山西部分重點中學聯考]The 65-year-old painter from Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, has been using ink and brush for more than 40 years to record the beauty of the arterial（干線的） waterway, the hospitality of local residents and the richness of culture ____________ flows all the way.
3. [2023·廣東廣州天河區模擬]When they say this, they mean that they have already got everything ______ is needed and don't need anything else.
4. [2023·福建漳州模擬]The traditional process of making Xuan paper by hand is extremely time-consuming and demanding, _________ consists of more than 100 steps including collecting, leavening （發酵）, whitening, screening, and sunning.
who/that
that/which
that
which
5. [2023·湖北華中師范大學附中模擬]The ruins, _________ core area covers 14.3 square kilometers in the northwest of Hangzhou, are considered as important representation of early urban civilization, with rice-growing agriculture as the economic foundation.
6. [2023·遼寧名校聯盟模擬]Chen and Peng pass the skills on to their followers, some of ______ work in Guangdong and Fujian Provinces as professional mask carvers.
7. ________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
whose
whom
As
思維導圖
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