資源簡介

(共49張PPT)
Unit 3 Getting along with others
Grammar and usage
Observing for rules
Lead-in
She is a beautiful girl.
Amy is a woman teacher.
The girl in red is my sister.
I have something to say.
The boy making face is my son.
Japan is a developed country.
形容詞
名詞
介詞短語
不定式
現在分詞
過去分詞
定語
What is attributive(定語)
修飾、限定和說明名詞或代詞的詞是定語。
除了形容詞可以充當定語之外，名詞，代詞，數詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞等也可充當定語。
定語由一個單詞修飾時，通常前置。由詞組或句子修飾時，后置。
friendly
The girl is my friend.
The girl who is friendly is my friend.
跟在一個名詞或代詞后進行修飾限定的句子，就叫做定語從句。
The definition of restrictive relative clauses
The plane is a machine.
The machine can fly.
The plane is a machine that can fly.
定語從句
先行詞
Observing and Summarizing
關系詞
Observing and Summarizing
Peppa Pig is a cartoon.
It is popular with children worldwide.
Peppa Pig is a cartoon which is popular with children.
定語從句
Observing and Summarizing
Jay Chou is a singer.
He is popular among young people.
Jay Chou is a singer who is popular among young people.
The book which is written by Dickens is worth reading .
The structure of restrictive relative clauses
主句
antecedent先行詞
relative pronoun
關系代詞
從句
先行詞+關系代詞+從句
定語從句
定義
結構
定語從句
關系詞
修飾名詞或代詞的句子
先行詞
關系詞
被修飾的名詞或代詞
引導定語從句的關聯詞
關系代詞
關系副詞
who/whom/ that/ which
whose
when/ where/ why
The girl who is friendly is my friend.
What are the pros and cons of making friends online
Read through the article of part A on page 34 and answer the following question.
Explore the rules
Possible answer
Pros:
People may be able to make many friends online.
Cons:
Friendships online can be very shallow.
Texting and messaging can't replace face-to-face chatting.
Sharing experiences on social media is not enough to express one's values.
“Liking” friends' photos online doesn't develop the connection with them.
Find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article on page 34.
A real friend is someone who walks in…
A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.
A real friend is someone who sees our true self…
…not just the face that we show to the world.
…the modern tools that keep us connected…
…the friends whom we love.
…the values which matter most to us.
…the connection which we share.
先行詞可以是人也可以是物
The boy who broke the window is Tom.
He is the man who we are waiting for.
This is the teacher whom we like best.
Observe and think--who and whom
who指人，充當從句主語和賓語，
whom指人，只充當從句賓語(可以省略)。
賓語
主語
賓語
Observe and think--that and which
A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man that I told you about.
He is reading a book which is too difficult for him.
Is this the library from which you borrow books
that 指人或物，作主語或賓語（作賓語可省略）
which指物，作主語或賓語（作賓語可省略，若介詞提前則不可?。?br/>主語
賓語
主語
賓語
Observe and think--whose
This is the book whose cover is blue.
This is the book of which the cover is blue.
The girl whose hair is golden is Amy.
The girl of whom the hair is golden is Amy.
whose 表示先行詞與whose后的名詞為所屬關系。
可指人或物，可與of which/whom 互換。
主句
從句
= the book’s
從句
= the girl’s
A restrictive relative clause modifies a noun, pronoun or noun phrase before it. We use relative pronouns or relative adverbs to introduce restrictive relative clauses.
We use (1)_______ _ for things, and (2) ________ and whom for people. We can use (3) _______for both things and people. We use (4) _________ to show possession.
that
whose
Working out the rules
who/that
which/that
1.The hospital __________was built five years ago has
been modernized.
2.This is the boy _______father died three years ago.
3.The film __________we saw the day before yesterday is
very interesting.
4.Do you know the student ________was praised at the
meeting
5.Here are players from Japan, some of _______are our old
friends.
Practice makes perfect
which/that
whose
which/that
who/that
whom
6. I sat next to a girl ________ name was Diana.
7. I loved the lessons __________ she gave in English Literature.
8. Some of the cities in China _________ he likes most are Beijing,
Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing.
9. Most of the students ______ he taught have become his friends.
10. Neil Armstrong is the person ______ made people around
　 the world realize that space exploration was truly possible.
whose
(which/that)
(which/that)
whom
who
Read the following sentences and combine them into one with proper relative words.
1. People have close friends. People naturally enjoy their company.
2. He is kind-hearted. He has true friends.
3. Friendship is a precious wealth. One searches for it all one's life.
Read the three sentences, and analyse the function of each relative word.
1. People _______ have close friends naturally enjoy their company.
2. He ________ is kind-hearted has true friends.
3. Friendship is a precious wealth ________ one searches for all one's life.
who
who
that/which
Finish B1 on page 35.
B Applying the rules:
Rewrite the following sentences using restrictive relative clauses.
1. Common interests provide rich ground.
Many friendships grow from rich ground.
Common interests provide rich ground
______________________________________.
2. When friends’ communication is warm and
open, friendships grow best.
Friendships grow best between friends
_____________________________________.
from which many friendships grow
whose communication is warm and open
3. Friendships are like flowers.
These flowers need to be taken good care of.
Friendships are like flowers
_______________________________________.
4. A relationship with a true friend will surely
produce fruit. You can count on a true friend.
A relationship with a true friend
_______________________________ will surely produce fruit.
which/that need to be taken good care of
(whom/that/ who) you can count on
5. You have been helped by others.
To make friends, you should help others in the same way.
To make friends, you should help others the
way _________________________________.
that（in which） you have been helped by others
B2 The passage below is about friendship in a great plete the passage with correct relative pronouns where necessary.
that /which
whose
who/ that
which/ that
which
who/ that/whom
who/ that
先行詞被不定代詞（all，few，something等）修飾或先行詞是不定代詞本身。
All that can be done has been done.
先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾或先行詞是形容詞最高級本身。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Attention
1. that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般只用that而不用which。
先行詞被序數詞修飾或先行詞是序數詞本身。。
The first thing that we should do is to work harder and harder.
先行詞既有人，又有物
We talked about the person and things that we remembered.
句中已有疑問詞who或者which時，避免重復。
Who is the man that is making a speech.
先行詞被表示特指的詞修飾，如the only,the same,the very等。
The necklace is not the only thing that I lost.
找出下列復合句中只能用that，不用which連接的定語從句（√）
1. In China, parents always do everything ___ they can to
support their children.
2. This is the place ___ we visited yesterday.
3. It was the largest map ___ I ever saw.
4. This is the last thing ___ I want to do.
5. He was looking pleasantly at the children and
parcels ___ filled his bus.
6. Chatting is the only thing ___ interests her most.
√
√
√
√
√
關系代詞前有介詞時。
I’m looking for a box in which I can put all these eggs.
在非限制性定語從句中。
My brother went to Tsinghua University, which we are all proud of.
先行詞就是that時。
I don’t like that which he did.
關系代詞后有插入語時。
Here is the English grammar book which,as I’ve told you,will help improve your English.
2. that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般只用which而不用that。
1. This is all__________I know about the accident.
2.He is the only man __________ I can find for the work.
3.You must watch everything carefully __________ the teacher does in class.
4.Is the house ___________ he wanted to sell very big
5.This is one of the most exciting football games __________ I have ever seen.
6.I saw a desk on __________ there was a book.
小試牛刀
that
that
that
that∕which
that
which
當先行詞為人稱代詞he，she，they或one, ones, anyone，nobody等指人的不定代詞時。
He who plays a trick must be prepared to take a joke.
耍花招的人必定會受到戲弄。
There is nobody who has no shortcomings.
沒有缺點的人是沒有的。
One who put his heart into it is sure to succeed.
專心致志的人一定會成功。
3. that和who在指人的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般只用who而不用that。
當指人的先行詞是those，或者被those修飾的時候。
Those who work hard are sure to earn more money.
工作努力的人一定掙更多錢。
He is one of those men who always make the worst of their trouble.
他是那些老是把困難往最壞處想的人之一。
There be結構中先行詞指人時。
There is a beautiful girl who wants to see you.
有位漂亮的女孩想見你。
1、Do you know the man ___ is talking with your father
A. whose B. who C. which
2、The boys ___ the teacher talked to are from Class One.
A. when B. which C. who
3、Those ___ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
A. who B. which C. whom
選擇題
4. The gentleman ___ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom
5. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in the room.
A. whom B. what C. which
6. The teacher for ____ you are waiting has come.
A. who B. whom C. that
7. A child ___ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose
8. This book is for the students ___ native(本國的) language is not English.
A. that B. of whom C. whose
9. The boy ___ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.
A. who B. whose C. that
10、He prefers to eat the rice ___ in the south.
A. who is grown B. which is grown
C. when is grown
11、 The knife ___ I cut the apple with can’t be found.
A. which B. who C. what
12、The room in ___ there are many books is mine.
A. that B. who C. which
13、This is the pen ____ he bought yesterday.
A. which B. who C. when
14. All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. which B. that C. what
15. Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. that
16. It’s the most boring film ___ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. whose
17. This is the first car ___ arrived this morning.
A. which B. who C. that
18. I know all people ___ are from that village.
A. who B. that C. whose
19. There is no water ___ is needed badly.
A. which B. who C. that
20. Please take any seat ___ is free.
A. which B. that C. in which
21. That is the very book ___ I was looking for.
A. who B. that C. which
22. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing ___ he owns.
A. who B. that C. which
23. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books ___ were popular then.
A. who B. that C. which
24. Who is the worker ___ took some pictures of the factory.
A. who B. that C. which
做題一般步驟：
步驟二
步驟三
The girl做主語 = who/that
步驟一
先行詞the girl，帶入從句
She is the girl ____ likes singing.
who
The girl likes singing.
填空題
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
who/that
which/that
whose
3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.
7. Is there anything ________ you want
to buy in the town.
8.All ______ we can do is to study hard.
9. The first one _____ stands up is a
little boy.
that
that
that
請填寫正確的關系詞。
1.The first place_____________they visited in London was the Big Ben.
2.This is the best film ________________I ever seen.
3.Have you taken down everything____________________ Mr Li said
4.There seems to be nothing___________________ is impossible to him in the world.
5.This is the very dictionary ________________________ I want to buy.
6.Give me any books_____________________________ you would recommend.
7.Who is the man__________________is standing by the gate
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
8.The chair on_______________ she sat is made of（可以看出原材料） wood.
9.Football,______________________ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
10.Here is the English grammar book _______________, as I've told you, will help you improve your English.
11.People all like those___________________ have good manners.
12.There are some people _____________________ want to have holidays in Hainan.
13.Professor Smith is coming soon__________________will give us a talk on how to learn English.
which
which
which
who
who
that/who
1.Read Pages 98-99 again and review this section.
2.Describe a friend of yours using restrictive relative clauses.(P35 B3)
Homework

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