資源簡介

(共30張PPT)
Unit 3
The Internet
Discovering Useful Structures
1
Students will grasp the structure and usage rules of the present perfect passive voice, and distinguish it from other tenses in passive forms.
2
Students will be able to accurately apply the present perfect passive voice in contexts such as time and conditional clauses, and use it proficiently in written and oral expressions.
Learning Objectives
Teaching Focus
Master the structural rules of the present perfect passive voice and its application in expressing actions completed with current relevance or continuous effects.
Teaching Challenges
Differentiate the present perfect passive voice from the present perfect active voice and the future perfect passive voice, especially in complex clauses where tense substitution occurs.
Teaching Focus and Teaching Challenges
Part 1
Lead-in
Lead-in
Enjoy the song！
Let me know if we’re on
Let me know if we’re off
Let me know
I’m sitting here in the middle of the road
With my clothes on my back wondering where I’m gonna go
Thrown to the ground not a lover but a girl
Looking back at the days when I didn’t know the world
Lead-in
Enjoy the song！
I’________________ by the wayside
Got dragged out by the riptide
Take me back to the daylight
I know now what it is to
Sink so low that you can’t move
I’_______________ by you
I________________ by you
Let me know what to do
Is it all gone for you
ve been thrown
ve been paralysed
’ve been paralysed
Part 2
The present perfect passive voice
現(xiàn)在完成時
1. 表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成，強調(diào)結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在的影響
The train has left.（火車已經(jīng)開走了 → 現(xiàn)在趕不上了）
She has cooked dinner.（她做完飯了 → 現(xiàn)在可以吃了）
past
future
now
現(xiàn)在完成時
時間狀語
already 已經(jīng)(肯定句) yet 已經(jīng)（否定句或者疑問句）
recently/lately 最近 since then 從那時起
ever since 自那以來 ever 曾經(jīng)
so far 迄今為止 for a long time 很長一段時間
by now 到現(xiàn)在為止 in recent years 在最近幾年里
in/during/over the past/last years在過去的幾年里
現(xiàn)在完成時
2. 表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與 for（持續(xù)一段時間） 或 since（從過去某一時間點開始） 連用。
They have lived here for 10 years.（至今仍住在這里）
He has worked at the company since 2015.（從2015年工作到現(xiàn)在）
past
future
now
現(xiàn)在完成時
3. 表示剛剛完成的動作（just/recently）
The train has left.（火車已經(jīng)開走了 → 現(xiàn)在趕不上了）
She has cooked dinner.（她做完飯了 → 現(xiàn)在可以吃了）
4. 表示經(jīng)歷（曾做過某事），常與 ever（曾經(jīng)） 或 never（從未） 連用。
Have you ever been to Paris （詢問經(jīng)歷）
I have never eaten sushi.（至今未嘗試過）
定義：表示動作發(fā)生在過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，且主語是動作的承受者。
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
present(now)
future
past
主語
An enemy has been slain.
助動詞，無意義
V-ed (過去分詞)
+
have/has
+
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的不同形式
肯定式 主語＋have/has been done...
否定式 主語＋have/has not been done...
一般疑問式 Have/Has＋主語＋been done...？
特殊疑問式 特殊疑問詞＋have/has＋主語＋been done...？
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成have/has ＋ been ＋ done
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
Read the pairs of sentences. Underline and compare the different verb forms.
Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
The Internet has greatly improved Jan’s life.
People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
主動
主動
被動
被動
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice.
The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer.
2. Someone has lost an identity card.
An identity card has been lost.
1. I have downloaded the software to help my phone battery last longer.
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice.
Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file
5. Has anyone made a comment about the online database
Has a comment been made about the online database
4. Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file
3. Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password
Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)核心用法
① 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)同它的主動語態(tài)一樣，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與 already, yet, just, never, ever 等副詞連用。
The new library has been built.
（圖書館已建成，現(xiàn)在可以使用）
The report has already been submitted.
（報告已提交，現(xiàn)在無需再處理）
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)的基本用法
② 表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常與 for + 時間段 或 since + 時間點 連用（此時動詞需為延續(xù)性動詞），或用于“How long... ”句型中。
The machine has been used for five years.
（機器已使用五年，仍在使用中）
The house has been owned by the family since 2000.（房子自 2000 年起歸該家庭所有）
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)的基本用法
③用在時間或條件狀語從句中，表示將來已完成的動作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來完成時的被動語態(tài)。
When the report has been submitted, we can start the next project.
（等報告被提交后，我們就可以開始下一個項目。）
If the package has been delivered by 3 PM, I will sign for it.
（如果包裹在下午 3 點前被送達(dá)，我會簽收。）
注意
1. 不可用于被動語態(tài)的動詞：
靜態(tài)動詞（表示狀態(tài)、情感或所屬關(guān)系）：have（有）, belong, love, know, seem 等；不及物動詞（無賓語）：arrive, happen, die, occur 等。
My pen has been belonged to me for years.
The accident has been happened recently.
注意
2. 與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別
時態(tài) 結(jié)構(gòu) 含義 例句
現(xiàn)在完成時被動 have/has been done 動作已完成，對現(xiàn)在有影響 The cake has been eaten.（蛋糕已被吃完）
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被動 am/is/are being done 動作正在進(jìn)行中 The cake is being eaten.（蛋糕正在被吃）
注意
3. 與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：
一般過去時的被動語態(tài)所表示的動作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在的情況沒有聯(lián)系，而現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系。
The museum was opened to the public last year.
去年這家博物館向公眾開放。(說明動作發(fā)生于過去)
The museum has been opened to the public.
這家博物館已向公眾開放。(說明動作發(fā)生于過去，但對現(xiàn)在有影響，即現(xiàn)在公園已經(jīng)開放了)
注意
4. 特殊短語/動詞的被動語態(tài)：
動詞 + 介詞 / 副詞（如 look after, take care of）：介詞 / 副詞不可省略；含雙賓語的動詞（如 give, send）：可將“間接賓語（人）或直接賓語（物）”變?yōu)橹髡Z。
The old man has been looked after by his son.（不可省略 after）
She has been given a prize.（= A prize has been given to her.）
注意
5. 帶有復(fù)合賓語的動詞
變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，原來的賓補改為主語補足語。注意：原來作賓補的省略to的不定式在被動語態(tài)中要用帶to的不定式。
I have told them to help you.→They have been told to help you.
The manager has never made the employees work day and night.
→The employees have never been made to work day and night.
Summary
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
含義
結(jié)構(gòu)
表示動作發(fā)生在過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，且主語是動作的承受者。
have/has been done
形式
肯定式
否定式
疑問式
have/has been done
have/has not been done
一般疑問：Have/Has+主語+been done
特殊疑問：特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+been done
用法
強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果
表示開始于過去并可能持續(xù)下去的被動動作
用在時間或條件狀語從句中，表示將來已完成的動作
Part 3
Exercise
1. Over the past four years, more than $10 million ________________
(spend) carrying out the project.
2. Many buildings in this city __________________ (not, build) yet.
3. I like these English songs and they ______________ (teach) many times on the radio.
4. All the preparations for the task
__________________ (complete), and we’re ready to start.
5. Now all the trees ______________ (plant) by students.
have been taught
have been completed
have not been built
have been planted
have been spent
請將下列句子轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)。
1. We have not solved the problem yet.
The problem ______________ by us yet.
2. Someone has turned off the light.
The light ___________________ by someone.
3. The head teacher has introduced the newcomer to my
classmates.
The newcomer ___________________ to my classmates.
has been introduced
4. Has he translated the text into English
_____ the text _______________ into English
h_a_s_b_e_e_n__turned__o_f_f
been translated
Has
h_a_s_b_e_e_n__solved
Homework
1. Summarise what we have learnt in this lesson;
2. Prepare for the next lesson
See you next time!

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