資源簡介

(共33張PPT)
Unit 5
Music
Discovering Useful Structures
1
Students can correctly understand and use the past participle as the predicative and adverbial to describe the state of things and actions, and improve their English expression ability.
2
Through observing, analyzing and practicing, students can master the usage rules of the past participle as the predicative and adverbial, and enhance their self - learning and inductive ability.
Learning Objectives
Teaching Focus
Grasp the basic usage and sentence patterns of the past participle as predicative and adverbial, and distinguish them from other non-finite verb forms.
Teaching Challenges
Accurately apply the past participle in complex contexts to express passive meanings and completed actions, and avoid common grammatical errors in practical communication.
Teaching Focus and Teaching Challenges
Part 1
Lead-in
Lead-in
The little girl is frightened of the dark.
The window is broken.
Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
The girl came in, followed by her brother.
Think about what component the red text plays in the sentence.
表語
表語
狀語
狀語
過去分詞在句子中所作成分
Part 2
The past participles
(Ⅱ)
表語是用來說明主語的性質、狀態、身份或特征的句子成分，位于系動詞（如 be 動詞、感官動詞、become 等）之后，與系動詞共同構成謂語，作用是描述主語 “是什么” 或 “怎么樣”。
核心結構：主語 + 系動詞 + 表語
什么是表語？
常作表語的成分：
1. 名詞 / 代詞 2. 形容詞
3. 介詞短語 4. 副詞
5. 非謂語動詞 6. 從句
過去分詞作表語
1. 意義
過去分詞作表語時主要用于描述主語所處的狀態或感受，其意義具體體現在兩方面：一方面可表示被動狀態或結果，此時主語處于 “被……” 的狀態，由及物動詞的過去分詞轉化而來， ；另一方面可表示情感或心理狀態，通常由表示情感的動詞（如 interest, surprise 等）的過去分詞轉化而來，說明主語 “感到……”）
The door is locked. 門被鎖上了。（強調狀態而非多動作）
She is interested in art. 她對藝術感興趣。（強調 處于 “感興趣” 的狀態）
過去分詞作表語
2. 常見的過去分詞作表語的詞
許多過去分詞已經形容詞化，常見的有：
interested（感興趣的） excited（興奮的）
tired（疲憊的） surprised（驚訝的）
satisfied（滿意的） disappointed（失望的）
confused（困惑的） amazed（驚奇的）
She was surprised by the unexpected gift. 她對這個意外的禮物感到驚訝。
Are you satisfied with your current job 你對現在的工作滿意嗎？
區分
1. 過去分詞作表語與被動語態的區別：
被動語態強調動作的承受，而過去分詞作表語強調狀態。
被動語態：
The cake was eaten by my sister.
蛋糕被我妹妹吃掉了。—— 強調 “吃” 的動作執行者是妹妹
過去分詞作表語：
The cake is eaten.
蛋糕被吃完了。—— 強調蛋糕 “已被吃完” 的狀態
區分
2. 過去分詞作表語與現在分詞作表語的區別
I am confused by the problem.
我被這個問題弄糊涂了。——“confused” 表示 “被困惑” 的被動感受The movie is moving.
這部電影很感人。——“moving” 說明電影 “令人感動” 的性質
分詞類型 核心含義 主語特征
過去分詞 被動、完成；主語的感受或狀態 人（通常）
現在分詞 主動、進行；主語的性質或特征 物（通常）或事件
過去分詞作狀語
1. 意義
過去分詞作狀語通過在句子中充當狀語成分來修飾謂語動詞或整個句子，表示時間、原因、條件、讓步或伴隨狀況等邏輯關系。這種用法本質上是用過去分詞短語來替代相應的狀語從句，使語言表達更加簡潔凝練。
從句：When it is seen from space, the Earth looks like a blue marble.
分詞短語：Seen from space, the Earth looks like a blue marble.
"Seen from space" 替代 "When it is seen from space"
過去分詞作狀語
2. 基本特征
過去分詞作狀語時具有兩個顯著特點：
1. 邏輯主語必須與主句主語一致
2. 與主語之間存在被動關系
"Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks magnificent."
（從山頂看，這座城市顯得很壯觀。）
這里"seen"的邏輯主語是"the city"，表示"城市被看"的被動關系。
過去分詞作狀語
3. 用法
表示時間（相當于時間狀語從句）
Asked about the incident, he kept silent.
= When he was asked about the incident, he kept silent.
當被問及這件事時，他保持沉默。
表示原因（相當于原因狀語從句）
Exhausted by the long journey, we fell asleep immediately.
= Because wewere exhausted by the long journey, they fell asleep immediately.
（由于長途旅行疲憊不堪，他們立刻就睡著了。）
過去分詞作狀語
表示條件（相當于條件狀語從句）
Given more time, I could have done better.
= If I had been given more time, I could have done better.
如果給我更多時間，我本可以做得更好。
表示讓步（相當于讓步狀語從句）
Criticized by many, the theory was eventually proved correct.
= Although it was criticized by many, the theory was eventually proved correct.
盡管受到許多批評，這個理論最終被證明是正確的。
表示伴隨狀況（相當于并列句）
He stood there, surrounded by his fans.
= He stood there and was surrounded by his fans.
（他站在那里，被粉絲們圍著。）
過去分詞作狀語
4. 在英語中，有一類特殊的過去分詞（短語）作狀語時，并不表示被動或完成的動作，而是表示主語所處的狀態。這類過去分詞源于"系動詞+表語"結構，在句中作狀語時主要起描述性作用。
典型特征
不表示被動動作，而是描述狀態
常由表示心理狀態或情感變化的動詞轉化而來
可被very等程度副詞修飾
過去分詞作狀語
常見動詞舉例
interested（感興趣的） excited（興奮的） disappointed（失望的）
surprised（驚訝的） satisfied（滿意的） tired（疲憊的）
worried（擔心的）
Excited by the news, the children couldn't fall asleep.
因為消息而興奮，孩子們睡不著覺。（"excited"描述孩子們的狀態）
Tired after a long day's work, he went straight to bed.
工作一整天很疲憊，他直接上床睡覺了。（"tired"說明睡覺的原因）
過去分詞作狀語
5. 特殊結構
獨立主格結構
當分詞有自己獨立的主語時，要用獨立主格結構：
All things considered, the plan is workable.
綜合考慮，這個計劃是可行的。
但是使用時需要注意，要確保分詞與主句主語邏輯一致，避免懸垂分詞錯誤：
[錯誤] Seen from the hill, we found the view breathtaking.
[正確] Seen from the hill, the view was breathtaking.
Summary
句法位置：表語位于系動詞后，狀語位置靈活
修飾對象：表語說明主語，狀語說明謂語或全句
動態性：表語表靜態特征，狀語表動態關系
轉換可能：狀語可擴展為狀語從句，表語則不能
共同點： 都具有形容詞性特征 都與主語存在被動關系
都能使表達更簡潔 都常見于書面語體
Summary
Summary
Part 3
Exercise
Look at the following sentences and underline the past participles. Find more of them in the text. In pairs, discuss their functions.
1. Born in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University
of Nevada in 1988.
2. Moved by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”
What is the relationship between the past participles and its related nouns in these sentences
Passive relationship.
What role do the past participles in these sentences
The past participles are as the adverbial in these sentences.
When he was born in the USA on 2 January 1970, ...
When he was moved by this music, ...
Rewrite the story using past participles as the adverbial.
EXAMPLE
The Silver Hall is usually used for singing performances and is full of cheers and energy.→
Usually used for singing performances, the Silver Hall is full of cheers and energy.
Highly interested in music, Henry began to write original compositions when he was in high school.
Pleased with his music and songs, they finally invited him to perform in the Silver Hall.
1. Henry was highly interested in music and began to write original compositions when he
was in high school.
2. They were pleased with his music and songs and finally invited him to perform in the
Silver Hall.
3. Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was
still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and
cure for his illness.
Though affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.
4. When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of
the world around him, like he had in his previous life.
Absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.
Match the sentence halves and rewrite each sentence beginning with a past participle.
1. The room had been painted in dark colours
2. Dave was unemployed
3. The girl was moved by his romantic words
4. He was corrected by his teacher from time to time
5. The album was recorded in a new way
6. He was invited to perform on the stage
A so he had time to consider what job he really wanted.
B so he felt nervous and excited.
C so it was expected to be popular with techno
fans.
D so she accepted his gift.
E so it needed some bright lights.
F so he lost interest in singing.
Match the sentence halves and rewrite each sentence beginning with a past participle.
2. Unemployed, Dave had time to consider what job he really wanted.
1. Painted in dark colours, the room needed some bright lights.
3. Moved by his romantic words, the girl accepted his gift.
4. Corrected by his teacher from time to time, he lost interest in singing.
5. Recorded in a new way, the album was expected to be popular with techno fans.
6. Invited to perform on the stage, he felt nervous and excited.
Complete the passage with the words in brackets in their correct forms.
Well known as a successful band, the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities. They never ever give up. When ___________ (question) by the media, they are not ___________ (discourage) and practise even harder. They are improving themselves by attending several master training classes. They are united. ____________ (fill with) team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory.
questioned
discouraged
Filled with
1．The _________ (break) window needs to be repaired.
2．_________ (inspire) by the teacher’s words, he worked harder.
3．The house _________ (build) in 2000 is our school library.
4．She felt ___________ (disappoint) at the exam result.
5．He had his computer _________ (repair) yesterday.
6．The problem is considered _________ (solve) successfully.
7. The professor entered the classroom, _________ (follow) by his students.
8. _________ (give) more time, we could have finished the task.
solved
disappointed
followed
Inspired
repaired
Given
broken
built
Homework
1. Summarise what we have learnt in this lesson;
2. Prepare for the next lesson
See you next time!

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