資源簡介

(共67張PPT)
U1 People of Achievement
卓有成就的人物
physiology
/ f zi l d i/
the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎
physi ologist / f zi l d st/ n. 生理學(xué)家
physio logical / f zi l d k( )l/ adj.生理學(xué)的
n. 生理學(xué)；生理機能 [U]
artemisinin
/ ɑ t mi s n n/
n. [藥] 青蒿素 [U]
黃花蒿
瘧疾是一種由瘧原蟲引起的蚊媒傳染病，主要通過受感染的雌性按蚊叮咬傳播。
典型“寒戰(zhàn)-高熱-出汗”循環(huán)
頭痛、肌肉酸痛、疲勞，嚴(yán)重時
可導(dǎo)致貧血、肝脾腫大、腦瘧
（昏迷）甚至死亡。
青蒿素聯(lián)合療法（ACTs）——目前最有效的治療方法（屠呦呦的貢獻）。
malaria
/m le ri /
n. 瘧疾 [U]
crucial
/ kru ( )l/
1） be crucial to / for 對…至關(guān)重要
Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company.
2）it is crucial + that從句 [(should)+V.] ……極為重要
It is crucial that we get this right.
我們把這個問題弄明白是極其重要的。
3）play a crucial role/ part in … 在…中起至關(guān)重要的作用
Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school.
4) at the crucial moment 在關(guān)鍵時刻；在緊要關(guān)頭
5) crucially adv. 至關(guān)重要地
adj. 至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的
vital
/ va tl/
adj. 必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機的
1） be vital to / for 對…至關(guān)重要
Winning this contract is vital to the success of the company.
2）it is vital + that從句 [(should)+V.] ……極為重要
It is vital that we get this right.
我們把這個問題弄明白是極其重要的。
3）play a vital role/ part in … 在…中起至關(guān)重要的作用
Parents play a vital role in preparing their child for school.
4) a vital personality 充滿活力的個性
5) vitally adv. 極其；緊要地；生死攸關(guān)地
① As we all know, water is vital to/for keeping everything alive, without ________ the world would be a dead place.
② ________ is vital that you (should) keep accurate records when you are self - employed.
③The conservation of tropical forests is ____vital importance.
which　
It　
of
Exercises
commit
/k m t/
commit-committed-committed
1) commit yourself to sth./to doing sth. 承諾；保證......
People committed themselves to working on Sundays.
2) commit a crime 犯罪
3) commit suicide 自殺
4) committed adj. 盡心盡力的；堅定的；堅信的
They are committed socialists.他們是堅定的社會主義者。
be committed to sth./doing sth. 獻身于/致力于(做)某事
5) commitment n. 承諾；許諾；保證 [C/U]
make a commitment to (doing) sth. 承諾(做)某事
vt. 承諾；保證
vi. 忠于；全心全意投入
① Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves _______taking out a loan.
②Both sides committed themselves ____________ (settle) dispute peacefully.
③Tom is a ____________ (commit) member of our football team.
④A man who committed a mistake and doesn't correct it is ______________(commit) another mistake.
Exercises
to
to settling
committed
committing
過而不改，是謂過矣
academy
/ k d mi/
n. 研究院; 學(xué)會; 專科院校 [C]
英國國家學(xué)術(shù)院
Chinese Academy of Sciences
academic
/ k dem k/
adj. 學(xué)業(yè)的；學(xué)術(shù)的
n. 高等院校教師；高校科研人員 [C]
academic year 學(xué)年
A group of academics say they can predict house prices through a computer program.
一批學(xué)者聲稱，他們可以通過一種電腦程序預(yù)測房價。
academically adv. 學(xué)業(yè)地；學(xué)術(shù)地
You have to do well academically to get into a medical school.
objective
/ b d ekt v/
1) objective = goal; aim; purpose; target
teaching objectives 教學(xué)目標(biāo)
achieve an objective 達成一個目標(biāo)
2) an objective analysis 客觀的分析
a subjective analysis 主觀的分析
3) objectively adv. 客觀地
4) object to (doing) sth 反對(做)某事
Many local people object to the building of the new airport.
n. 目標(biāo)；目的[C]
adj. 客觀的
botanical
/b t n k( )l/
adj. 植物學(xué)的
traditional botanical treatments
傳統(tǒng)植物療法
botany / b t ni/ n.植物學(xué)
botanist / b t n st/n. 植物學(xué)家
evaluate
/ v ljue t/
vt. 評價；評估
= assess / ses/
Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.
evaluation n. 評價；評估 [C/U]
make an evaluation of 對……進行評估
property
/ pr p ti/
n. 性質(zhì)[C]; 特征[C]; 財產(chǎn)[U]
1) Let’s compare the physical properties of the two metals.
物理特性
2) Be careful not to damage other people’s property.
3) proper adj. adj. 合適的; 恰當(dāng)?shù)?br/>distinct
/d st kt/
adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的；確實的；確切的
1) His voice was quiet but every word was distinct.
他說話聲音不大，但字字清晰。
2) be distinct from 與......截然不同；有區(qū)別
The two kinds of music are distinct from each other.
3) Being tall gave Tony a distinct advantage.
個子高給了托尼一個明顯的優(yōu)勢。
4) distinction n. 區(qū)別 [C]= difference
distinctions between traditional and modern societies
1) extract from sweet wormwood 青蒿提取物
2) extract from sth. 摘自......
The following extract is taken from her new novel.
下面一段摘自她的新小說
3) extract sth. (from ...) ：(從......里) 提取；提煉；摘錄
to extract essential oils from plants 從植物中提取香精油
extract
/ ekstr kt/
/ k str kt/
n. 提取物[U/C]；摘錄 [C]
vt. 提取；提煉；摘錄；拔出
wormwood
/ w mw d/
n. 蒿；洋艾 [U]
1) The water was bubbling and boiling away.
水在咕嘟咕嘟地沸騰著。
2) Bring the soup to the boil. 把湯煮開。
3) boiling point 沸點
boiling hot = very hot 熾熱的；很熱的
boil
/b l/
vt.& vi.(使) 沸騰；煮開；燒開
n. 沸騰；沸點
gas [ɡ s]: n. 氣體; 汽油
solid [ s l d]：n. 固體
Wash in warm water with liquid detergent.
用液體清潔劑在溫水中清洗。
liquid
n. 液體 [U]
adj. 液體的；液態(tài)的
/ l kw d/
1) to obtain advice/information/ permission
獲得忠告/信息/許可
2) These conditions no longer obtain (=apply). 這些條件不再適用。
obtain
vt. (經(jīng)過努力)獲得；贏得
vi. (規(guī)章；習(xí)俗等) 存在；流行
/ b te n/
acknowledge
/ k n l d /
1) = admit
acknowledge doing sth. 承認(rèn)做某事
be acknowledged...as...被承認(rèn)......是......≈ be acknowledged to be
He is widely acknowledged as the best player in the world.
He is widely acknowledged to be the best player in the world.
普遍認(rèn)為，他是世界最佳球員。
2) I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.
我對本地幾家企業(yè)的資助表示感謝。
vt. 承認(rèn)(屬實；權(quán)威等)；
(公開) 感謝
1) Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. 屠呦呦不會承認(rèn)失敗。
2) a narrow defeat 惜敗；a heavy defeat 慘敗
3) = beat
beat/defeat sb/單位 at ...: 在某方面打敗某人/單位
He defeated them at football.
defeat
n. 失敗；挫敗 [C/U]
vt.擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝
/d fi t/
analyse/ze
/ n la z/
1) She analyzed the medical texts again. 她再次分析了醫(yī)學(xué)文本
2) analysis / n l s s/ n. 分析 [C]
vt.分析
apparently
/ p r ntli/
= obviously, clearly
She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
她得出結(jié)論，將苦艾煮沸顯然會破壞其藥用特性。
apparent: adj. 顯而易見的; 明白易懂的; 表面上的
adv. 顯而易見；看來；顯然
substance
/ s bst ns/
1) Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
她通過降低溫度提取，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種有效的物質(zhì)。
2) It was malicious gossip, completely without substance.
這是惡意造謠，完全沒有事實根據(jù)。
n.物質(zhì)；物品 [C]；
事實根據(jù) [U]
insist
/ n s st/
1) insist on sth. 堅決要求......
We insisted on a refund of the full amount. 我們堅持要求全額退款。
2) insist on doing sth. 執(zhí)意繼續(xù)做......
They insist on playing their music late at night.
已是深夜，他們卻依然在放音樂。
3) insist that sb (should) do…堅持要求/主張
He insists that she (should) come.
4) insist (that)... 堅持認(rèn)為
He insisted that he was innocent. 他堅持說他是無辜的。
vi. & vt. 堅持；堅決要求
He insisted that he ___ (do) nothing wrong and ____________ (set) free.
did
(should) be set
Exercises
1) I insist on your _______ (take) immediate action to put this right.
2) I insisted that a doctor _______________ (send) for immediately.
3) Jane insisted that she _________ (do) nothing wrong.
4) He insisted that he ___ (do) nothing wrong and ____________ (set) free.
taking
(should) be sent
had done
did
(should) be set
scientific
/ sa n t f k/
scientific research 科學(xué)研究
adj. 科學(xué) (上) 的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的
science
科學(xué)
scientist
科學(xué)家
scientific
科學(xué)的
scientifically
系統(tǒng)地；
合乎科學(xué)地
mostly
/ m stli/
= mainly; chiefly
Passages like this mostly contain facts.
像這樣的文章大多包含事實。
adv.主要地；一般地
wear and tear
/te (r)/
wear--wore--worn
tear--tore--torn
Scientists need to evaluate how the new material stands up to wear and tear (承受磨損) to prove how valuable it is.
科學(xué)家們需要評估這種新材料的耐磨性，以證明它的價值。
(正常使用造成的) 磨損；損耗
conclusion
/k n klu n/
1) 得出......結(jié)論
come to
draw
reach
get to
arrive at　
2) in conclusion 最后；總之
3) conclude v. 斷定，推斷出; 完成；達成
conclude that 得出結(jié)論……
conclude ...from ... 從……中推斷……
conclude ...with/by ... 以……結(jié)束……
to conclude 總而言之；最后
n. 結(jié)論；推論 [C]
a conclusion that...
Exercises
1) It can be _________ (conclude) that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables, ” given that they’re profitable.
2) When the group discussions is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it ______ an important point.
3) After a careful investigation, we drew a conclusion ______ their decision was wrong.
4) _______ conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
concluded
with
In
penicillin
/ pen s l n/
n. 青霉素；盤尼西林
The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicilin.
flee (fled, fled)
/fli /
Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where Hitler was in power.
后來，愛因斯坦不得不逃離希特勒掌權(quán)的德國。
迅速離開；逃跑
circumstance
/ s k mst ns/
1) under/in no circumstances 無論如何都不……(位于句首時句子要部分倒裝)
Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.
2) under/in the circumstances 在這種情況下；既然這樣
3) under/in any circumstance(s) 在任何情況下
Students should stick to their dreams under any circumstances.
n. [pl.] 條件；環(huán)境；狀況
novel
/ n v( )l/
n. (長篇) 小說 [C]
novel
n. (長篇)小說
adj. 新穎的
novelist
n. 小說家
fiction
(短篇)小說
a novel feature
flow
/fl /
1) She watched the flow of cars and buses along the street.
她注視著街道上川流不息的小車和巴士。
2) A stream flowed gently down into the valley.
一條小溪緩緩地流進山谷。
n. 流；流動；流暢；供應(yīng) [U]
vi. 流；流動
chart
/t ɑ t/
1) a flow chart 流程圖
2) One doctor has charted a dramatic rise in local childhood asthma since the road was built.
一位醫(yī)生用圖表記錄的方式，說明道路建成后當(dāng)?shù)貎和l(fā)病率急劇上升。
n. 圖表 [C]
vt.記錄；制定計劃
found
/fa nd/
1) be founded in 建立于……
2) be founded on/upon 建立在……基礎(chǔ)上;(建筑物) 建立在……上
3) founder n. 創(chuàng)始人; 創(chuàng)建者; 締造者
4) foundation n. 地基; 基礎(chǔ); 根據(jù)
lay a (film/solid) foundation for...為……打下(堅實的)基礎(chǔ)
Adam Smith is considered one of the _________ (found) of classical economics.
Tsinghua University, ________(found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding individuals.
vt.創(chuàng)建；建立；把......建立在
founders
founded
infer
/ n f (r)/
infer--inferred--inferred--inferring
What can be inferred from the last paragraph
vt. 推斷；推定
politician
/ p l t ( )n/
n. 從政者；政治家；政客 [C]
political [p l t kl]：adj. 政治的; 黨派的
politics [ p l t ks]：n. 政治
numerous
/ nju m r s/
In a mall, there are numerous departments selling different kinds of goods.
number [ n mb ]：n. 數(shù)字; 數(shù)目
a number of (+ 復(fù)數(shù)名): 許多
A number of students ______ (be) from America.
the number of (+ 復(fù)數(shù)名): ......的數(shù)字; ......的數(shù)目
The number of girls in our class ______ (be) 20.
adj. 眾多的；許多的
are
is
theory
/ θ ri/
put the theory into practice : 將理論付諸/用于實踐
in theory: 理論上；按理說
In theory, these machines should last for ten years.
n. 理論；學(xué)說 [C/U]
relativity
/ rel t v ti/
The Theory of Relativity: 《相對論》
relative adj. 相對的；有關(guān)系的；成比例的
n. 親戚；相關(guān)物
relate vt. 敘述；使…有聯(lián)系
be related to 與…有關(guān)
It is thought to be related to food consumption.
它被認(rèn)為與食物消費有關(guān)。
n. 相對論；相對性
formula
/ f mj l /
E= mc2
This is a famous formula.
n. 公式；方程式；配方
genius
/ d i ni s/
Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.
have a genius for sth./doing sth 有（做）某事的才能
He had a genius for making people feel at home.
他有一種能使人感到輕松自在的本領(lǐng)。
n. (geniuses) 天才[C]；天資；天賦[U]
gentle
/ d ent( )l/
This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.
gently: adv. 溫柔地; 溫和地; 文靜地
She gently crooned a lullaby.
她輕聲哼唱了一支搖籃曲。
adj. 溫柔的；文靜的
patent
/ pe t( )nt/ / p t( )nt/
1) apply for a patent on/for 申請......的專利權(quán)
get/obtain a patent on/for 獲得......的專利權(quán)
They have got a patent for their research result.
2) a patent application 專利申請
a patent medicine 專利藥
n. 專利；專利證書；獲得專利
adj. 有專利的；受專利保護的
passion
/ p ( )n/
1) have a passion for 熱愛; 酷愛
2) passionate / p n t/ adj.熱誠的;狂熱的
be passionate about 對……充滿熱情
In addition to their interest in computers, they shared a passion _____music.
That will help show you know the field you are __________ (passion) about.
n. 酷愛[C]；激情[U]
for
passionate
doctorate
/ d kt r t/
= doctor’s degree
He continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
master’s degree 碩士學(xué)位
bachelor’s degree 學(xué)士學(xué)位
n. 博士學(xué)位 [C]
extraordinary
/ k str d( )n( )ri /
That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle(奇跡) year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers.
outstanding, exceptional, remarkable
adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
gradually
/ ɡr d u li/
Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.
此后，他逐漸聞名全球，被譽為新一代的艾薩克·牛頓。
gradual: adj. 逐漸的; 逐步的; 不陡的
step by step 逐漸地
adv. 逐漸地；逐步地
photoelectric
/ f t lektr k/
In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
1922年，他因?qū)怆娦?yīng)的闡釋被授予1921年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎。
adj. 光電的
come to power
Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany.
1933年局勢驟變，希特勒在德國掌權(quán)。
be in power: 執(zhí)政
(開始) 掌權(quán)；上臺
institute
/ nst tju t/
1) a research institute 研究所
2) institution 社會公共機構(gòu)；制度；習(xí)俗 [C]
institute：具體、專業(yè)、中小型機構(gòu)（尤其是教育/科技領(lǐng)域）。
institution：廣義機構(gòu)或抽象社會機制（如金融、習(xí)俗、 大型系統(tǒng)）。
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)（麻省理工學(xué)院）→ 具體實體
Higher education institutions（高等教育機構(gòu)）→ 泛指類別
注：部分場景下二者可互換，但含義側(cè)重點不同，需根據(jù)語境判斷。
n. (教育、專業(yè)等) 機構(gòu)；機構(gòu)建筑 [C]
consequence
/ k ns kw ns/
as a consequence＝as a result＝in consequence 因此；結(jié)果
As a consequence, he had to flee Germany.　　
as a consequence of＝as a result of＝in consequence of 由于……的緣故
be of no/great consequence 無關(guān)緊要/非常重要
consequently adv.結(jié)果；因此
Grandfather had sustained a broken back while working in the mines. Consequently, he spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair.
爺爺在礦上做工時受了背傷，結(jié)果，他在輪椅上度過了他的余生。
n. 后果；結(jié)果
take up a position
He finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA.
最后，他在美國普林斯頓高等研究院擔(dān)任研究員。
擔(dān)任；任職
moustache
mustache
/m stɑ /
/ m st /
n. 上唇的胡子；髭（zī）[C]
He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
full beard
peculiarity
/p kju li r ti/
= personality 個性+character 特點; 怪異的性質(zhì)
1) Despite his peculiarities, he was loved by his friends and neighbors.
2) peculiar adj. 不尋常的；古怪的
Mr. Kennet has a rather peculiar sense of humour.
肯尼特先生有一種相當(dāng)不尋常的幽默感。
peculiar to 特有的；特殊的
a species of bird peculiar to Asia 亞洲獨有的鳥類
n. 個性；特點 [C]
encounter
/ n ka nt (r)/
vt. 偶然碰到；遇到
n. 邂逅；遭遇 [C]
1) = come across; run into; meet with
Did you encounter anyone in the building
你在那棟大樓里偶然遇到什么人了嗎？
2) an encounter with sb/sth
The author tells of a remarkable encounter with a group of South Vietnamese soldiers.
作者講述了他與一群南越士兵的驚人邂逅。
professor
/pr fes (r)/
n. 教授 [C]
profession n. 職業(yè)
professional adj. 職業(yè)的，專業(yè)的
mourn
/m n/
vt. & vi. 哀悼；憂傷
1) Joan still mourns her father.
瓊還在哀悼她的父親。
2) mournful adj. 非常傷心的，悲痛的，悲傷的
She looked mournful, even near to tears.
她看上去很悲傷，幾乎要掉淚了。
remarkable
/r mɑ k b( )l/
adj. 非凡的；顯著的
Einstein has remarkable achievements.
愛因斯坦有著非凡的成就。
device
/d va s/
n. 方法；技巧；裝置；儀器
[C]
electrical devices 電氣設(shè)備
rhetorical devices 修辭方法
sum
/s m/
1) in sum: 總之; 總而言之= to sum up
In sum, we should protect our planet.
2) a large sum of money/cash: 一大筆錢/現(xiàn)金
3) sum up: 總結(jié); 概括
Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person.
用你的筆記來寫你的介紹和總結(jié)你對這個人的感覺。
vi. 總結(jié)；概括
n. 金額；款項；總數(shù)；總和
draft
/drɑ ft/
n. 草稿；草案 [C]
vt. 起草；草擬
1) Use the checklist to help you review your partner’s draft.
請使用這份清單協(xié)助審閱你搭檔的初稿。
2) draft a bill 起草法案

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