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(共24張PPT)
Grammar and Usage (I)
Unit 1 Back to school
Sentence Elements and Sentence Structures
After this lesson, you can learn:
sentence structures.
sentence elements.
some practices about sentence elements.
how to use different sentence structures to write a short passge.
Can you sing the song
Which lyric in Love Story impresses you the most
(1) It's a love story.
(2) We were both young when I first saw you.
(3) You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess.
Simple sentence
Compound sentence
Complex sentence
It is a love story.
何謂句子成分？ 其實就是組成句子的各個部分。
主
系
表
主語、謂語、賓語、定語、
狀語、補語、同位語、表語
Simple sentence
表語
(predicative)
也稱為主語的補語，表示主語的狀態。
賓語
(object)
動作作用的對象，也是句子中的配角。
謂語
(verb)
是主角(主語）做的動作，幫助說明主語。
主語
(subject)
在一個句子中充當主角，是全句述說的對象。
補語
(complement)
對句子進行補充，使其意義完整。
狀語
(adverbial)
表狀態，說明地點，時間，原因，結果，條件，方式，方向，程度等等。
定語
(attribute)
修飾限定名詞。
Sentence elements (P96)
SVO:主+謂(及物動詞)+賓語
SVOO:主+謂+間賓+直賓
SVOC:主+謂+賓語+補足語
SV: 主+謂(不及物動詞)
SVP:主+謂(系動詞)+表語
Sentence structures (P97)
Setting goals gives you a focus in life and makes you more confident.
Subject Verb
I agree.
Subject Verb Predictive
Subject Verb Object
Subject Verb Indirect object Direct object
Subject Verb Object Object complement
Exploring the rules
These habits
will be
helpful.
You
will live
a happy life.
Setting goals
gives
you
a focus in life.
Setting goals
makes
you
more confident.
Sentence Elements
Applying the Rules
B1 Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols.
Applying the Rules
1. You will find (senior high) school different from (junior high) school.
2. (Your) schoolwork will be more challenging.
3. We will give you (more) independence.
4. You should listen [more carefully].
5. You can join a club.
6. (Your) teachers will help you [in (many) ways].
7. You will succeed.
Find the subjects and the verbs of the following sentences.
1. Your time and effort at senior high school will open
the door to your potential.
2. The path before you leads to a world full of challenges.
3. Potential can be developed when you try hard enough.
Working out the Rules
Suject
Verb
Subject
Verb
Subject
Verb
Rule 1
The subject and the __________ are necessary parts of a sentence.
verb
1. You will discover your potential while you develop
as a student and as a person.
2. You will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.
Rule 2:
A transitive verb is always followed by a(n) _________. Objects are usually _______ or __________.
Working out the Rules
object
nouns
pronouns
subject
verb
object
verb
object
B2 Below are some tips about setting goals. Match the underlined sentences with the correct structures. Write the letters in the boxes.
c
b
d
g
e
a
f
Rule 3: Some verbs can have two objects. The indirect object usually refers to a person and the direct object a thing.
S+V+IO+DO
Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
My English teacher Ben gave me a present for my hard work.
Working out the Rules
Setting goals gives a focus in life to you.
My English teacher Ben gave a present to me for my hard work.
Practice
1. Brainstorm.
What verbs have we learned that can take two objects sb. sth.
2. Make sentences using S+V+IO+DO structure.
e.g. Swimming in the sea in the summer gives me a feeling of relaxation.
bring,give,lend,offer,send,show, teach,tell,buy,pass,win...
S + V + O + OC
Do your best and make us proud.
object complement
Working out the Rules
Rule 4: The object complement adds more information about the object.
Complete the following sentences with proper object complements.
1. She felt something _______ on her skin.
2. Justine named his grandson ________.
3. My classmates painted the back wall _______.
4. My daughter imagined herself _________ in a mountain village.
5. Our parents encouraged us _____________ at school.
climbing
Jack
white
living
to study hard
Practice
We use an adverbial to show when (adverbial of time), where (adverbial of place) or how (adverbial of manner) an action is done.
Eg. We (carefully) watched our chemistry teacher do an
experiment [with tubes] [in the lab] [last week].
Adverbials
how
how
where
when
An attributive is usually used before a noun or a pronoun to describe it.
Eg. You will find senior high school different from
junior high school.
Attributive
attributive
attributive
Find out the adverbials.
1. Put simply, potential is your natural ability.
2. To realize your goal, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details.
3. When you achieve a goal, you see the result of your hard work.
Practice
1. He doesn’t have anything to do at the moment.
2. Listening to music makes me relaxed.
3. Clearly, talking to him is a mistake.
4. We should develop good study habits.
Attributive(定語）
Complement(補語)
Adverbial(狀語)
Object(賓語)
Point out the sentence elements of the underlined part(s) of the following sentences.
5. I felt happy because I was praised by the teacher.
6. Many students join school clubs.
7. The subject I like best is English.
Predicative(表語)
Verb(謂語)
Subject(主語)
B3 What is your goal for the new term How are you going to achieve your goal Write about it usingdifferent sentence structures.
Write a short passage
Subject + Verb (SV)
Subject + Verb + Predicative (SVP)
Subject + Verb + Object (SVO)
Subject + Verb + Indirect object + Direct object (SVOO)
Subject + Verb + Object + Object complement (SVOC)
A sample
As a new senior high student, I feel excited. My first goal is to improve my English.To achieve this, I will practice it every day. Making detailed notes makes my learning effective. Secondly, I want to make new friends. Joining clubs will give me opportunities. Finally, staying organized is essential. Using a planner helps me manage time. I will persist!
Write a short passage

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