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(共32張PPT)
Unit4 Friends forever
---Attributive clauses
(Using language)
1.Who is he
He is Yuan Longping.
2.What is his profeesion
He is a scientist.
1930-2021
He is a great scientist.
1.Can you use some words to describe him
He is a world-famous scientist.
He is an outstanding scientist.
He is a Chinese scientist.
He is a respectable scientist.
What are these
定語
漢語中的定語
男孩
聰明的男孩 戴著帽子的男孩 那個正在吃冰激凌的男孩
形容詞作定語
短語作定語
句子作定語
定語的位置：漢語中的定語都放在名詞的前面
標志詞：“的”
英語中的定語
boy
smart boy the boy with a hat the boy who is eating icecream
形容詞作定語
短語作定語
句子作定語
定語的位置：短前長后
句子作定語，修飾名詞或代詞,叫定語從句。
Bianca is a teacher who teaches us English.
關系代詞
關系副詞
which, who, whom, whose, that
where, when, why
先行詞
關系詞
定語從句
定語從句結構：先行詞+關系詞+從句的其它部分
The man who/that is holding rice crops in his hand is Yuan Longping.
先行詞：
關系代詞:
who/that在從句中作
主語
the man
who/that
The man is holding rice crops in his hand
先行詞：scientist
關系代詞: who/that
who/that在從句中作
主語
Yuan Longping is a Chinese scientist who/that can play violin.
The scientist can play violin.
Yuan Longping has a cat which/that has been accompanying him for 10 years.
先行詞：cat
關系代詞: which/that
which/that在從句中作
主語
The cat has been accompanying him for 10 years.
空后是謂語動詞(be動詞，情態(tài)動詞，have/has done,助動詞do，動詞)缺主語
The man whom we see in the picture is YuanLongping.
先行詞：the man
關系代詞: whom
whom在從句中作
賓語
we see the man in the picture
空后的謂語動詞與先行詞有動賓關系，作賓語
Yuan Longping is a Chinese scientist whose life goal is to help all people stay away from hunger.
定語
先行詞：scientist
關系代詞: whose
whose在從句中作
Yuan Longping has a cat whose name is Huahua.
先行詞：cat
關系代詞: whose
whose在從句中作
定語
空后的名詞與先行詞有所屬關系，填whose
These are the trees ____________ we planted last year.
先
行
詞
是
人
who
whom
whose
that
which
先行詞是物
These are the students __________ won the first place last year.
引導定語從句的關系代詞
who / that
which / that
空后是謂語動詞(be動詞，情態(tài)動詞，have/has done,助動詞do,動詞)缺主語
空后的謂語動詞與先行詞有動賓關系，缺賓語
1.The man who/that came to our school is Mr. Wang.
( )
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )
3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
( )
4.I like the book (which/that) you bought yesterday.
( )
主語
賓語
定語
賓語
指出關系代詞在定語從句中的成份
定語從句做題方法
一、分析句子結構(判斷主句與從句)
先確定句子中是否有兩個句子成分，一個是主句，一個是定語從句。
二、找先行詞并確定先行詞的特點
先行詞是人還是物
三、分析從句成分
確定定語從句中所缺的成分是主語、賓語、定語還是狀語等.
指人： 缺主語可填who/ that.
缺賓語可填who/ that/whom(只做賓語）.空前有介詞只填whom.
指物：一般情況下可填which/ that.空前有介詞只填which.
即學活用 單句語法填空/完成句子
①Mathew said success belongs to those _____ never give up and have ideas.
②(2023·全國乙卷) The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a
woman _______hair color looked just perfect.
③(2023·全國乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place___________
welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.
④I got in touch with Michael _______________ I have been losing contact with for one
year.
⑤我真的很想找一個可以完全信任的朋友。
I’d really like to find a friend __________________________________.
who
whose
that/which
whom/that/who
who/whom/that I can trust completely
三、關系代詞只用that而不用which的情況
1.當先行詞為all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代詞或先行詞被這些詞修飾時。
*Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself 你有什么要為自己說的嗎
2.當先行詞是序數詞、形容詞最高級或先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。
*This is the best way that has been used against pollution.這是已經用過的抗污染的最好的辦法。
*This train is the first that will go to Suzhou.
這是去蘇州的第一趟火車。
3.當先行詞被the only,the very,the last修飾時。
The only thing that we can do is(to)give you some money.
我們唯一能做的事情就是給你一些錢。
4.先行詞中既有人又有物時。
*Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about
你知道他們正在談論的人和事嗎
5.當主語是以who或which開頭的疑問句時,為避免重復而用that。
*Which is the bike that you lost
哪輛是你丟的自行車
* Who is the boy that won the gold medal
贏得金牌的那個男孩是誰
6.當先行詞在定語從句中作表語時。
*Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是過去的那座城市了。
四、關系代詞不用that的情況
1.引導非限制性定語從句(人: who; 物: which)。
*Football,which is an interesting game, is popular around the world.
足球是一項有趣的運動,在世界范圍內都很受歡迎。
2.當關系詞前面有介詞時(人: whom; 物: which)。
*This is the house in which Mr Wu once lived.
這是吳先生曾住過的房子。
*One writer in whom I had taken an interest was O.Henry.
一位令我產生興趣的作家是歐·亨利。
3.用who不用that的情況。
當先行詞(指人)為anybody, anyone, nobody等不定代詞時。
*Is there anyone in our class who is good at singing
我們班里有沒有擅長唱歌的
1. This is the hotel __________ I stayed at when I was travelling here.
2. He is a man from ________ we are all ready to learn.
3.It is the most amazing building ______ Daming has seen ever since he came here.
4. She is one of the girls ________ have passed the exam.
5. They planted some trees __________ didn't need much water.
6. She would do anything _______ could help her mother recover from the disease.
7. I talked with the man _________ house was destroyed in the flood.
8. Anyone ______ has helped to rescue the drowning girl is worth praising.
9. The boy and the dog ________ are in the picture look very lovely.
Ⅰ.用適當的關系代詞填空
that/which
whom
that
who/that
which/that
that
whose
who
that
即學活用 單句語法填空
①Friends usually get together and talk about the things and persons _____ they are
interested in.
②He is the only one of the students _________ knows the truth.
③Water is really crucial to us human beings, without _______ we couldn’t live.
④The last place _____ we visited was Chaoshan Custom Museum.
⑤(2022·全國乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, ______
was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
that
who/that
which
that
which
五、as引導的非限制性定語從句
1.as引導非限制性定語從句時,常指代整個主句或主句的部分內容。
2.as的位置靈活。
3.引導非限制性定語從句時,as常譯為“正如”,表示依據、評論、態(tài)度等。
如:as we know = as is known to all;
as we all can see; as is often the case;
as might be expected; as you can imagine;
as has been said before/mentioned
*Science,as you know, plays an important part.
=As you know, science plays an important part.
=Science plays an important part, as you know.
眾所周知,科學起著重要作用。
when
1. I still remember the day when I first came to Guiping.
2. You’ve entered into an age when knowledge makes you rich.
當先行詞是表示_____的名詞(如 time, day, year, month, week等), 且從句缺少狀語時，定語從句用when引導。
關系副詞 when 在定語從句中充當_________。
關系副詞的選擇
時間
時間狀語
1. This is the town where Li Hua was born.
2. Keep thebooks in a place where you can find them easily.
當先行詞是表示_____的名詞(如place, room, airport等)，且從句缺少狀語時，定語從句用where引導.
關系副詞 where 在定語從句中充當________。
where
地點
關系副詞的選擇
地點狀語
1. They have reached the point ______ they have to break up with each other.
2. It’s helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themseves differently.
除地點名詞后，where 還可用于case, condition, example, situation, stage, point, system, atmosphere, position等表示抽象地點的名詞前。
where
where
1. He didn’t tell me the reason why he was late yesterday.
2. This is the reason why he gave up trying in the end.
當先行詞是表示原因的名詞_______，且從句缺狀語時，定語從句用why引導，且只能引導限定性定語從句。
關系副詞 why 在定語從句中充當________。
why
reason
關系副詞的選擇
原因狀語
先行詞 關系副詞 所做成分
表時間的名詞 when 時間狀語
表地點/抽象地點的名詞 where 地點狀語
表原因的名詞(reason) why 原因狀語
Summary
關系副詞與關系代詞的區(qū)分
作狀語時，用關系副詞when/where/why引導；
作主語或賓語時，用關系代詞which或that引導。
This is the reason ______I didn’t come.
The reason ___________ she gave was not true.
why
which/that
Exercise
1. I still remember the time ______ we first met each other.
2. I still remeber the time __________we spent together.
when
which/that
3. This is the place ___________ we visited last time.
4. This is the place _________ he used to work.
which/that
where
5. I won’t believe the reason ___________ you have given me.
6. This is the reason _______ she cried.
that/which
why
做題方法——如何選擇關系詞：
1. 定位先行詞及緊隨其后的定從；
2. 判斷定從所缺成分
缺主賓定—關系代詞 （先行詞：人/物？）
缺狀語—關系副詞 （先行詞：時間/地點/原因 ）
如何劃分定語從句的范圍
1.He is the student who has been studying hard for many years.
2.The children that had worked hard in childhood had a richer and happier future.
定語從句從關系詞開始到標點符號結束
定語從句從關系詞開始到第二個動詞之前結束
Xingyi was a little village was unknown. People ________ lived in the village led a poor life. People lived on weaving or farming in this area _________ life was peaceful but boring.
A villager __ we met described his hometown to us. There were only 4 streets ___ length only reached 200 meters in all. He said he would never want to go back to the days when they lived depending on God. That’s the reason ___ young people left their hometown. He would never forget the time_________he spent with his old good friends in the little town.
which
who
where
whom
whose
why
that
Rewrite the underlined sentences with that, which,who,whom or whose.
課本練習
P41

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