資源簡介

(共28張PPT)
Modals (2)
UNIT 2
Let’s celebrate!
Review
Modals Meanings Functions
be able to
dare
have to
had better
need
Ability
Courage
Strong advice
Advice
Necessity/advice
be afraid to do something
have the ability to do something
give advice to do something
be necessary to do something
give strong advice to do something
Can/Could
Must
May
Might
Modals
Meanings
Functions
Have to do something
Expressing a wish or hope/
Be possible to do something .
Give advice /Indicate less possibility
Be able to do sth / Indicate possibility
1) What do the words in red indicate: an order, a request, ability or possibility
The words in red indicate possibility.
a That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book…
b The children must have been very excited as they opened it.
c … they might/may not receive their presents if they were not good.
1. Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
Can/Could
Must
May
Might
Modals
Meanings
Functions
Have to do something…
Expressing a wish or hope/
Be possible to do something …
Give advice /Indicate lower possibility…
Be able to do sth / Indicate possibility…
indicate possibility
2) Will the meaning of sentence (a) change if we replace (替換) “could” with “must” or “might”
If we replace “could” with “must”, the meaning of sentence (a) will change. It means the speaker is quite sure about the statement （聲明）. If we replace “could” with “might”, the meaning of sentence (a) will remain more or less the same. “Could” and “might” in affirmative sentences (肯定句) have a similar meaning when indicating possibility.
1. That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be / must be / might be the perfect book...
那就是為什么《圣誕老人的來信》可能 / 一定 / 或許是一本完美之書……
情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形，表示對現(xiàn)在的推測
3) What happens if we change “must” and “might” in sentences (b) and (c) into “could”
If we change “must” in sentence (b) into “could”, it means the speaker is not sure about the statement, and it’s only a possibility.
2. The children must have been / could have been / might have been very excited as they opened it.
孩子們打開它的時候一定 / 可能 / 或許很興奮。
must have been: quite sure about the statement
could have been: not very sure about the statement
might have been : not sure about the statement
情態(tài)動詞 + 完成式，表示對已發(fā)生情況的推測
3) What happens if we change “must” and “might” in sentences (b) and (c) into “could”
If we change “might” in sentence (c) into “could”, it means it’s impossible for the children to receive presents.
3. ... they might / could / must not receive their presents if they were not good.
如果他們表現(xiàn)不好，他們可能收不到 / 就收不到 / 絕不能收到禮物。
might not: indicate possibility
could not: indicate impossibility
must not: they are not allowed to receive the presents
各情態(tài)動詞語氣從弱到強依次為：
Might -may - could -can -must
Grammar: Modals (2)
情態(tài)動詞
(modals)
沒有人稱、數(shù)的變化
必須和其他動詞一起構成謂語
用來表示態(tài)度、愿望、推測
情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法：
1) can+動詞原形
A.用于肯定句,表示客觀可能性,意為“可能”,即從理論上看是可能的,但不一定會發(fā)生。例如:
As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.
作為人類,任何人都有可能犯錯。
B.用于否定句或疑問句,表示對現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)進行主觀的猜測,意為“可能”,或表示驚異、懷疑等態(tài)度。例如:
a. He can't have a lot of money. 他不可能有很多錢。
b Can it be that it was I, not he, who was mistaken
難道是我弄錯了,而不是他弄錯了
情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形:現(xiàn)在或將來的情況進行推測。
情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法：
情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形:現(xiàn)在或將來的情況進行推測。
2) may+動詞原形,表示主觀的推測,意為“或許”,用于肯定句和否定句均可。例如:
a. He may be very busy now. 他現(xiàn)在可能很忙。
b. He may not be at home. 他可能不在家。
注意:表示可能性時,can't語氣較強,表示“不可能”; may not語氣較弱;表示“可能不,或許不”。
情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法：
情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形:現(xiàn)在或將來的情況進行推測。
3) might+動詞原形,表示推測,意為“可能",可以指過去的情況,也可以指現(xiàn)在的情況,但語氣比may更加不肯定。用于肯定句或否定句均可。例如:
a. They might have a lot of work to do now but I'm not sure.
他們現(xiàn)在可能有很多活兒要干,不過我不確定。
b. She was afraid they might not like the idea.
她擔心他們可能不喜歡這個想法。
情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法：
情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形:現(xiàn)在或將來的情況進行推測。
4) could+動詞原形,意為“可能”,可以指過去的情況,也可以指現(xiàn)在的情況,語氣緩和。多用于否定句或疑問句。
例如：
He looks young. He couldn't be over 50.
他看起來很年輕,不可能超過50歲。
b. Could it be true
那可能是真的嗎
情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法：
情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形:現(xiàn)在或將來的情況進行推測。
5) must+動詞原形,表示猜測,意為“準是,一定”,通常用于肯定句。
例如：
a. This must be your room. 這一定是你的房間。
b. Look at his new car. He must have a lot of money.
瞧他那輛新車。他肯定很有錢
【注意】mustn’t 不許可，不應該，不表示推測。
c. You mustn't smoke here.（這里禁止吸煙。）
情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法：
情態(tài)動詞+完成式（have done）:過去已發(fā)生的情況進行推測。
must+完成式,一定，想必，語氣較強。表示對已發(fā)生情況的推測,通常用于肯定句。
例如: She must have gone home. 她肯定已經(jīng)回家了。
情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法：
情態(tài)動詞+完成式（have done）:過去已發(fā)生的情況進行推測。
2) can+完成式,表示對已發(fā)生情況的推測,主要用于否定句或疑問句。
例如：
a. You can't have forgotten her. 你不可能已經(jīng)忘記她了。
b. Where can she have put it 她到底把它放在哪兒了呢
情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法：
情態(tài)動詞+完成式（have done）:過去已發(fā)生的情況進行推測。
3) could+完成式,表示對過去情況的推測,多用于否定句或疑問句。
例如：
a. He could not have been more than 16 at that time. 他當時不可能超過16歲。
b Could she have forgotten my address 她會忘記我的地址嗎
情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法：
情態(tài)動詞+完成式（have done）:過去已發(fā)生的情況進行推測。
4)may/ might+完成式,表示對已發(fā)生事情的不肯定的推測,might相比may語氣更加不肯定。
例如：
He may / might have come by train. 他可能是坐火車來的。
情態(tài)動詞must, can/could, may/might 均可表示推測, 它們可以對過去、現(xiàn)在或將來的情況作出語氣強弱不同的推測。
1. 表示肯定的推測時：
各情態(tài)動詞語氣從弱到強依次為: might → may → could → can → must；
2. 表示否定的推測時：
can’t / couldn’t 不可能，語氣較強；
may not / might not 可能不，語氣較弱。
Summary
3. 情態(tài)動詞表示推測時, 在用法上有一些限制:
① must只用于肯定句中，意為“一定，準是”。如:
This must be your room.
② can/could多用于否定句和疑問句中。如：
He looks young. He couldn’t be over 50.
③ may / might用于肯定句和否定句中。如：
They may not know his address.
She told me that she might go to Hawaii this winter.
【注意】mustn’t 不許可，不應該，不表示推測。
情態(tài)動詞 對現(xiàn)在和未來的推測 對過去的推測 使用句型
Must Must+動詞原形 Must have done 肯定句
May/might May/might+動詞原形 May/might have done 肯定句，否定句
Can/could Can/could+動詞原形 Can/could have done 否定句，疑問句（could可用于肯定句）
should 用來表示一種估計的情況“按理會+估計會” should + do/be Should have done 肯定句，否定句，疑問句
表推測時，must, may, might, may not和can't這五個表達的語氣依次遞減： must：一定（語氣肯定） may：也許（不很肯定） might：或許（比may語氣更弱） may not：也許不（表否定） can't：一定不（must的反義）
Summary
You must be tired now!
It may/might/could be him.
be Lucy.
That must
may / might / could be from our school.
They
that can’t be Lucy.
Exercise
Black Friday is one of the busiest shopping days of the year. Stores have big sales and open their doors very early.
Exercise
The man with a wallet in his hand might be a bit unwilling to pay.
Exercise
The woman in red must be very excited to buy so many things.
Exercise
The woman with glasses may be very tired to get up so early and carry so many bags.
Exercise
The cashier might be feeling uncomfortable as he is sweating a lot.
Exercise

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