資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Using language
維度一：基礎題型練
單句語法填空
1.He is not easy to get along with， but his friendship， once 　　　　　　（gain）， will last forever.
2.Our guests are scheduled 　　　　　　（arrive） at 7：30 in the evening.
3.We plan to apply what we will learn in class 　　　　　　our future jobs.
4.On hearing the girl struck by a truck has been sent to hospital by ambulance， many people volunteered 　　　　　　　　（donate） the same type of blood for her.
5.We’re in a stage 　　　　　　it’s still too early to say who will win the most votes and become the new president.
6.The café offers 　　　　　　wide variety of sandwiches in order to attract customers.
7.He was sharp 　　　　　　me when I was late.
8.The two lawyers both gave detailed information and had an 　　　　　　（argue） about the issue.
9.The question whether college students should do part-time jobs is still 　　　　　　debate.
10.I heard a noise and went downstairs 　　　　　　　　（investigate）.
維度二：語法與寫作
翻譯句子
1.我每天起得很早，走到小花園，坐在凳子上。（主語＋謂語＋狀語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.今天下午我想和你談談。（主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.昨晚奶奶給我們講了一個有趣的故事。（主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.這個報告聽起來很有意思。（主語＋系動詞＋表語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.你們的貢獻一定會使這次活動獲得巨大成功。（主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面短文，分析并寫出畫線部分的句子結構。
My parents love me very much.However， 1.they like making almost all decisions for me.They choose schools and subjects for me.Sometimes even the daily timetables have to be decided by them.In my opinion， 2.deciding everything for children does not help them but harms them in many ways.Firstly， 3.it will make children less confident， 4.which is useless to their development.Secondly，in many cases parents don’t care about children’s personal ideas and interests， 5.which will influence their growth greatly.As a result， 6.a lot of children are complaining！I do believe to grow to be independent is a natural way for everybody.7.Parents should give us chances to make our decisions.They may help us make choices instead of replacing us to make choices.After all，there are a lot of things for us to explore by ourselves.
1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　 4.　　　　 5.　　　　 6.　　　　
7.　　　　
　　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Math had never been something I was good at since middle school.Classes became harder in high school， and I was even further from a math teacher’s dream student.So at the start of my freshman year， I had a dislike to math.It wasn’t that I didn’t want to do well， but simply that I didn’t think I was able to do well.“I can’t” became my state of mind in all things related （有關的） to math.
　　However， I was soon to learn that “I can’t” was not a choice in Mr A’s class.
　　Mr A always greeted （迎接） us with open arms as he said， “Welcome！ Smile！ It’s a great day to be alive！” It was clear that Mr A had a true passion （熱情） not only for math but for teaching.If Mr A ever experienced bad days in life， he never showed it.Mr A greeted us with that same smile every day.He encouraged each student， from the top achiever to the “I can’t” student.
　　I found myself looking forward to math class， although I still hated the subject itself.Being in Mr A’s presence made me feel good， as if I had the chance to succeed.As the year progressed， I spent increasingly more time on my homework， and I met with Mr A weekly.My classmates began to do the same， and it became “cool” to have lunch and a talk with Mr A.We didn’t know it at the time， but he was changing our attitudes （態度）.
　　Though my story is not one of overnight success and I didn’t become a straight-A math student， my hard work did begin to pay off and my grades slowly began to climb.There were hard times， of course.Difficult math questions sometimes succeeded in bringing me down， but Mr A kept reminding me， “Kate， smile！ It’s a great day to be alive！”
1.What can we know about the author from Paragraph 1？
A.He was the math teacher’s dream student.
B.He was satisfied with his current situation.
C.He did not believe his ability to learn math well.
D.He was good at math before high school.
2.Which of the following can best describe Mr A？
A.Responsible and honest. B.Optimistic and passionate.
C.Enthusiastic and humorous. D.Creative and patient.
3.What change has the author made under Mr A’s influence？
A.He gradually improved his math grades. B.He never met any difficulties again.
C.He lived a more happier life than before. D.He fell in love with math.
4.What’s the main idea of this passage？
A.Math requires much more time to master.
B.Good schools have good teaching qualities.
C.Students should face difficulties bravely while learning.
D.A good teacher can motivate students’ interest in learning.
B
　　It’s time to go back to high school.Students are excited about the new beginning.But for many kids， the first day is more about friends than classes， and maybe with good reasons.On that day， the teacher takes attendance， hands out books， and describes the teaching plan.If a student hears the same things in seven classes， you can’t blame （責備） them for thinking it’s going to be another long year.When the high schoolers’ parents ask what they did in school， it’s pretty likely that the answer will be “Nothing”.
　　It doesn’t have to be this way.Last January， Jessica Johnson and Charlotte Jenkins， two ninth-grade physics teachers， suggested a school-wide movement called Make My Day to improve the first day of classes， and many teachers have changed their plan for the first class of a new term because of this.
　　One English teacher asks students to write 77 words about what they want to get out of her class.Then she reads their responses out loud.She keeps the responses until the last day of the school year when she hands them back to students so they can see if they achieved what they wanted.After encouraging kids with a year-long game， she begins the English course.
　　On the first day of science， a teacher gives students 30 minutes to build something to improve people’s lives.A history teacher organizes a debate on whether Swiss cheese is better than cheddar.In math class， another teacher puts students in groups of three， and gives them six minutes to come up with as many answers as possible to the question， “What is math good for？”
　　The new class activities are part of our school wide movement to improve the first day of classes.Many teachers choose to use creative ways to encourage kids from day one.And all students seem to enjoy the changes.Quite a few parents told me that their kids said， “I think English （or math or biology or Spanish） is going to be great！”
5.Which best describes the class on the first day of school in Paragraph 1？
A.A bit strange. B.Too boring.
C.Really wonderful. D.Quite challenging.
6.What is mentioned about Make My Day？
A.It was a city-wide movement.
B.It has been done for many years.
C.It was the idea of two PE teachers.
D.It was attended by the whole school.
7.What do the teachers in Paragraph 4 have in common？
A.All ask students to work in groups.
B.All choose to do something exciting.
C.All hold discussions on teaching plans.
D.All try to improve students’ creativity.
8.What is the author’s attitude to the movement？
A.She shows little interest in it. B.She feels surprised at it.
C.She is worried about it. D.She supports it.
C
　　For decades， the homework standard has been a“10-minute” rule， which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level.
　　But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break.A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot （試點的） program for the coming school year， extending the school day by two hours to provide more in-class instruction.“We really want kids to go home at 4 o’clock，” Kelly Elementary School Principal Jackie Glasheen said.“We want them to enjoy their families.We want them to go to soccer practice or football practice.”
　　New solutions to homework differ by community.These local debates aren’t easily understood by the fact that even education experts disagree about what’s best for kids.
　　The most all-round research on homework so far comes from an analysis （分析） by Duke University professor Harris Cooper， who found evidence （證據） of a positive relationship between homework and student achievement， meaning students who did homework performed better in school.Cooper’s analysis focused on how homework influences test scores.The relationship was stronger for older students — in 7th through 12th grade — than for those in younger grades， for whom there was a weak relationship between homework and performance.
　　Although there is the weak relationship between homework and performance for young children， Cooper argues that a small amount of homework is useful for all students.“Second-graders should not be doing two hours of homework each night，” he said， “but they also shouldn’t be doing no homework.”
　　However， Cathy Vatterott， an education professor at the University Missouri-St.Louis， thinks there is not enough evidence that homework is helpful for students in elementary school， “Relationship is not a root，” she said. “Does homework cause achievement， or do high achievers do more homework？” Vatterott thinks there should be more stress on improving the quality of homework tasks， and she supports efforts to ban homework for younger kids.
9.What will Kelly Elementary School have in the new term？
A.No homework. B.Some football practice.
C.“10-minute” homework. D.More physical education classes.
10.Who can perform better according to Cooper’s analysis？
A.Younger students in all grades with no homework.
B.Younger students in lower grades with no homework.
C.Older students in lower grades with more homework.
D.Older students in higher grades with more homework.
11.What does the underlined word “root” in Paragraph 6 mean？
A.Career. B.Cause.
C.System. D.Requirement.
12.What’s the writer’s attitude towards “10-minute” homework？
A.Positive. B.Negative.
C.Unknown. D.Doubtful.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　It was a September day.Today was the first day of high school for a freshman， Kayla.Kayla had always been a shy kid， but she had always 　13　 her studies.She was determined to make full use of her high school years.
　　As she walked down the hallways， Kayla couldn’t help but feel 　14　.The older students seemed so confident， while she felt small and unimportant. But Kayla was determined to succeed， no matter what 　15　 came her way.
　　It wasn’t long before Kayla’s determination was put to the 　16　.In her first week of school， she was assigned （分派） a（n） 　17　 project that required a lot of research and planning.Kayla did her 　18　， but she soon realized that she was in over her head.As she struggled to complete the project， Kayla began to 　19　 herself.She wondered if she was cut out for high school.But then， something 　20　 happened.
　　Kayla’s classmates began to notice how 　21　 she was working， and they started to offer her help and 　22　.They gave her advice on how to 　23　 her time better， and they shared their tips for 　24　 assignments.With their help， Kayla was able to complete the project on time and with great 　25　.
　　From that day on， Kayla 　26　 that high school was not a challenge to be faced alone.With the help and support of her 　27　， she was able to deal with any difficulty that came her way.
13.A.feared B.loved
C.missed D.forgot
14.A.bored B.excited
C.worried D.interested
15.A.difficulties B.honours
C.reasons D.dangers
16.A.use B.side
C.trouble D.test
17.A.simple B.challenging
C.suitable D.amazing
18.A.part B.share
C.best D.duty
19.A.teach B.doubt
C.enjoy D.believe
20.A.great B.strange
C.confusing D.secret
21.A.fast B.bravely
C.fluently D.hard
22.A.flash B.news
C.support D.service
23.A.manage B.find
C.fill D.waste
24.A.thinking about B.getting through
C.giving up D.asking for
25.A.freedom B.creation
C.success D.trust
26.A.realized B.argued
C.stressed D.recommended
27.A.families B.customers
C.teammates D.classmates
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　Freshman year 　28　 （offer） new opportunities， classes and social situations， which is often a big adjustment coming from middle school.
“It is an adjustment year， and you need to let 　29　 （you） adjust to high school，” senior Gershon Stein said.
One of the best ways to 　30　 （rapid） adjust to this new environment， according to Gershon， is by 　31　 （find） a close group of friends through clubs and after-class activities.Gershon， 　32　 was new in his freshman year， joined the Ethics Bowl club to meet people.
“You’re going through a very difficult curriculum （課程） and you don’t really have a lot of close friends to talk to because it takes time 　33　 （develop） friendships，” Gershon said.“Remember that you will make friends and you will have close relationships.It just might take a little bit of time.”
While clubs and after-class activities are a great way to meet new people， Gershon stresses the 　34　 （important） of spending time with family and friends and not overscheduling （過度安排） your life.
During freshman year， 　35　 （student） must also decide whether they prefer to take four 　36　 five majors.
“I think kids have to do what is right for them，”Gershon said.“I think five majors are pretty manageable if you’re willing to put in a lot of work and long hours.I think it also depends 　37　 what you want your work-life balance to look like.”
28.　　　　　　 29.　　　　　　 30.　　　　
31.　　　 32.　　　 33.　　　
34.　　　 35.　　　 36.　　　
37.　　　
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.gained　2.to arrive　3.to　4.to donate　5.where　6.a　7.with　8.argument　9.under　10.to investigate
維度二
1.Every day I get up early， walk to the small garden and sit on the bench.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3.Grandma told us an interesting story last night.
4.The report sounds interesting.
5.Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.
維度三
1.主語＋謂語＋賓語　2.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語
3.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語　4.主語＋系動詞＋表語
5.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語　6.主語＋謂語 7.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在高中期間對數學充滿恐懼和無助感，但在極富熱情的數學老師的激勵下，作者開始堅持努力學習數學并取得了一定的進步。
1.C　推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“I can’t” became my state of mind in all things related （有關的） to math.可知，第一段中指出作者在數學上有著“我不能”的心態，即不相信自己有學好數學的能力。
2.B　推理判斷題。根據第三段內容可知，A先生不僅對數學很有熱情，對教學也很有熱情，即使面臨糟糕的日子，他也總是會微笑面對。因此A先生是一個充滿熱情并且樂觀積極的人。
3.A　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的I didn’t become a straight-A math student， my hard work did begin to pay off and my grades slowly began to climb可知，在A先生的影響下，作者的數學成績慢慢得到了提升。
4.D　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文講述了作者在高中期間對數學充滿恐懼和無助感，但在極富熱情的數學老師的激勵下，作者開始堅持努力學習數學并取得了一定的進步。文章強調了好的老師可以對學生的情感和學習產生積極的影響。D項（一個好老師能激勵學生的學習興趣）能概括文章主旨。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了高中開學第一天，兩個老師發起了一項名為Make My Day的活動，于是各科老師開始讓第一節課變得有趣。
5.B　推理判斷題。根據第一段中的When the high schoolers’ parents ask what they did in school， it’s pretty likely that the answer will be “Nothing”.可知，開學第一天的課應該是無聊的。
6.D　細節理解題。根據第二段中的a school-wide movement called Make My Day可知，Make My Day是全校學生都參加的活動。
7.B　推理判斷題。根據第四段中三位老師讓學生做的事情可知，本段提到的老師的共同點是所有老師都選擇做一些令人興奮的事情。
8.D　觀點態度題。根據最后一段最后兩句可知，所有的學生似乎都喜歡這些變化，家長也告訴作者，他們的孩子認為某一學科會很棒。因此推斷，作者對開學第一天的活動是支持的。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要圍繞學生們是否應該有家庭作業，家庭作業對學生們好不好這些問題進行了討論。
9.A　細節理解題。根據第二段中的A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot （試點的） program for the coming school year可知，Kelly Elementary School在新學期將沒有作業。
10.D　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的students who did homework performed better in school ... for older students — in 7th through 12th grade可推知，年齡大些的高年級作業多的學生表現會更好。
11.B　詞義猜測題。根據第六段中的there is not enough evidence that homework is helpful for students in elementary school可知， Cathy Vatterott認為家庭作業對小學生的幫助并不大，因此，兩者之間的關系并不是根本原因。由此可知，畫線詞root和B項含義一致。
12.C　觀點態度題。文章只是在第一段和第二段闡述了一下“10分鐘”原則，但是作者并沒有對它表示任何的看法。由此推知，作者對“10分鐘”作業的態度是未知的。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了新生凱拉的高中生活。凱拉一直是一個害羞不自信的孩子，但她決心充分利用她的高中時光。在同學們的幫助下，她完成了一個很有挑戰性的項目，這讓凱拉意識到高中并不是一個人要面對的挑戰。
13.B　根據下文She was determined to make full use of her high school years.可知，她決心充分利用她的高中時光，凱拉熱愛學習。fear害怕；love熱愛；miss錯過；forget忘記。
14.C　根據下文The older students seemed so confident， while she felt small and unimportant.可知，凱拉對自己感到擔憂。bored無聊的；excited興奮的；worried擔憂的；interested感興趣的。
15.A　根據下文she was able to deal with any difficulty that came her way可知，凱拉決心要成功，無論遇到什么困難。difficulty困難；honour榮耀；reason理由；danger危險。
16.D　根據下文but she soon realized that she was in over her head可知，凱拉的決心受到了考驗。use使用；side旁邊；trouble麻煩；test考驗。
17.B　根據下文that required a lot of research and planning可知，這個項目不好做，有挑戰性。simple簡單的；challenging挑戰性的；suitable適合的；amazing令人驚嘆的。
18.C　根據下文As she struggled （努力） to complete the project可知，凱拉盡最大努力去做項目。part部分；share分享；best最高標準；duty職責。
19.B　根據下文She wondered if she was cut out for high school.可知，凱拉懷疑自己是否適合上高中。teach教；doubt懷疑；enjoy享受；believe相信。
20.A　根據下文and they started to offer her help可知，同學們幫助凱拉，這是偉大的事情。great偉大的；strange奇怪的；confusing令人困惑的；secret秘密的。
21.D　根據上文As she struggled （努力） to complete the project可知，同學們發現凱拉很努力想完成項目。fast快速地；bravely勇敢地；fluently流利地；hard努力地。
22.C　根據下文With the help and support可知，同學們幫助支持凱拉。flash閃光；news新聞；support支持；service服務。
23.A　根據空后her time better可知，同學們幫助凱拉更好地管理時間。manage管理；find找到；fill填滿；waste浪費。
24.B　根據下文With their help， Kayla was able to complete the project可知，同學們分享給凱拉如何完成任務的技巧。think about考慮；get through完成；give up放棄；ask for要求得到。
25.C　根據上文With their help， Kayla was able to complete the project on time可知，在同學們的幫助下，凱拉成功完成了項目。freedom自由；creation創造；success成功；trust信任。
26.A　根據語境可知，凱拉意識到高中不是一個人要面對的挑戰。realize意識到；argue爭論；stress強調；recommend推薦。
27.D　根據上文可知，同學們幫助了凱拉，即在同學們的幫助和支持下，她能夠處理遇到的任何困難。family家人；customer顧客；teammate隊友；classmate同學。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。高年級學生Gershon Stein向高一新生介紹了如何快速適應高一生活。
28.offers　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。設空處描述客觀事實，用一般現在時；主語Freshman year與動詞offer之間是主動關系，故填offers。
29.yourself　考查代詞。根據語境可知，設空處表示“讓你自己適應高中生活”，故填yourself。
30.rapidly　考查詞形轉換。設空處作狀語，修飾動詞adjust，應用副詞，故填rapidly。
31.finding　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作介詞by的賓語，應用動詞-ing形式，故填finding。
32.who　考查定語從句。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Gershon，且在從句中作主語，故填who。
33.to develop　考查非謂語動詞。it takes time to do sth做某事需要花費多長時間。
34.importance　考查詞形轉換。根據語境及空前的the可知，設空處作stresses的賓語，應用名詞，表示“重要性”，故填importance。
35.students　考查名詞復數。student是可數名詞，因空前無冠詞限定且此處表示泛指，設空處應用表示復數的名詞，故填students。
36.or　考查連詞。根據語境及whether可知，此處表示“學生們必須決定他們是選四門專業課還是五門專業課”，故填or。
37.on/upon　考查介詞。depend on/upon取決于。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Using language
復習：基本句型
①I’m not outgoing.
②I just had my first maths class in senior high school！
③He even told us a funny story.
④I found everything in the laboratary in good order.
⑤Everyone laughed so much.
⑥I love my school.
⑦We all succeeded.
【我的發現】
匹配上面的句子與其所對應的句型結構
A.SV　　　　　　　 B.SVO C.SP D.SVOO
E.SVOC F.SVA G.SVOA
①　　　　②　　　　③　　　　④　　　 ⑤　　　　⑥　　　　⑦　　　
一、句子的基本成分
　組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。根據英語詞匯在句子中的地位和作用，英語的句子成分可分為主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語、同位語及獨立成分等。
1.主語 （subject）
主語是句子敘述的主體，表明句子說的是“誰”或是“什么”。它一般放在謂語之前，通常由名詞（短語）、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式以及名詞性從句等擔任。
TV news often gives us lots of information.（名詞短語）
電視新聞常常給我們許多信息。
Something is wrong with my computer.（代詞）
我的電腦壞了。
Seven-tenths of the earth surface is covered with water.（數詞）
十分之七的地球表面被水覆蓋。
To see is to believe.（動詞不定式）
眼見為實。
Cycling and boating are my favorite free time hobbies.（動詞-ing形式）
騎自行車和劃船是我最喜歡的業余愛好。
That she was admitted into a key university greatly comforted her parents.（主語從句）
她被一所重點大學錄取這件事給了她父母極大的安慰。
2.謂語（verb）
謂語是對主語的有關問題加以說明的部分。謂語說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。謂語位于主語之后，凡是由一個動詞或動詞短語構成的謂語，無論處在什么時態、語態、語氣下，都被稱為謂語。謂語分為簡單謂語和復合謂語。
He practises running every morning.（簡單謂語）
他每天早晨鍛煉跑步。
Great changes have taken place in Shanghai.（復合謂語）
上海發生了巨大的變化。
名師點津
系動詞加表語也構成復合謂語。
We are students.我們是學生。
3.表語（predicative）
表語是說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”的句子成分。它由名詞、代詞、數詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式及短語、動詞-ing形式和表語從句等充當。
My favorite tourist attraction is the Great Wall.（名詞）
我最喜歡的旅游景點是長城。
—Who is there？（副詞）
——誰在那兒？
—It’s me.（代詞）
——是我。
English is both useful and important.（形容詞）
英語有用且重要。
The Forbidden City is at the centre of Beijing.（介詞短語）
紫禁城位于北京市中心。
The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.（動詞不定式短語）
最大的快樂就是為大家的快樂而工作。
My hobby is collecting stamps.（動詞-ing形式）
我的愛好是集郵。
My belief is that our country will become stronger and stronger.（表語從句）
我相信，我們的國家將變得越來越強大。
4.賓語（object）
賓語是及物動詞所表示的動作的對象，或是介詞所表示的某種聯系的對象。賓語放在及物動詞或介詞的后面。賓語一般由名詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式（短語）、動詞-ing形式或賓語從句等充當。
The children are flying kites.（名詞）
孩子們正在放風箏。
Call me at any time.（代詞）
隨時可給我打電話。
I decide to pick up a new foreign language.（動詞不定式短語）
我決定學一門新的外語。
Do you mind passing me the dictionary？（動詞-ing形式）
請把詞典遞給我，好嗎？
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.（賓語從句）
你的成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。
5.賓語補足語（object complement）
有些及物動詞帶了賓語后意義仍不夠完整，還需要加上賓語補足語來補充說明賓語的行為、狀態、身份或特征等。賓語補足語通常放在賓語之后，一般由名詞（短語）、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式（短語）、動詞-ing形式（短語）或過去分詞（短語）等充當。
He has proved himself an experienced teacher.（名詞短語）
他證明了自己是一名經驗豐富的教師。
We have decided to paint the room pink.（形容詞）
我們決定把房間漆成粉紅色。
My mother always keeps everything in good order.（介詞短語）
我媽媽總是把一切安排得井然有序。
The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.（動詞不定式短語）
老師叫我們不要那么吵鬧。
I heard the telephone ringing.（動詞-ing形式）
我聽見電話鈴正在響。
He was very happy to see the homeless children taken good care of at the orphanage.（過去分詞短語）
他很高興看見流浪兒童在孤兒院得到很好的照顧。
6.定語（attributive）
定語是用來修飾、限制名詞或代詞的。一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數詞、副詞、動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式、分詞、介詞短語或從句等充當。
There is a beautiful picture in my room.（形容詞）
我房間里有一幅漂亮的畫。
These are apple trees.（名詞）
這些是蘋果樹。
The men here are always busy working on the farm.（副詞）
這里的男人總是忙于在農場干活。
There is nothing to do today.（動詞不定式）
今天沒有事要做。
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.（動詞-ing形式、過去分詞短語）
那個微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。
7.狀語（adverbial）
狀語用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。一般由副詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、分詞、介詞短語、獨立主格或從句等充當。
I’m very pleased to see you.（副詞）
見到你我非常高興。
I’ll be back in a while.（介詞短語）
我一會兒就回來。
When she was 12 years old， she began to live in Dalian.（狀語從句）
她12歲的時候，開始在大連生活。
Having had a quarrel with his wife， he left home.（動詞-ing形式作狀語）
和妻子吵了一架后，他離開了家。
【即時演練1】　寫出黑體部分所作的句子成分
①The teacher should encourage his students to think differently. 　　　　　
②Making great progress in your new school will be not so easy to you. 　　　　　
③The activity is both wonderful and attractive. 　　　　　
④You are supposed to introduce your friend to us. 　　　　　
⑤I’d like to advise you to communicate with your friends in English. 　　　　　
⑥It will give you an opportunity to achieve a long-term goal. 　　　　　
二、基本句型
　按照結構，英語的句子可分為簡單句、并列句和復合句。只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）的句子叫作簡單句。簡單句有七種基本句型：
1.主語＋謂語（S＋V）
這種句型結構中的謂語動詞為不及物動詞（短語），其后不能直接接賓語，也沒有被動語態。主謂結構常用來表示主語的動作或狀態。 常見的不及物動詞（短語）有rise、 matter、 begin、 come、 go、 happen、 appear、 work、 come true、 take place等。
The sun is rising.太陽正在升起。
The little boy is crying.小男孩正在哭泣。
2.主語＋謂語＋賓語（S＋V＋O）
①這種句型結構中的謂語動詞必須是及物動詞（短語），一般有被動語態。用作賓語的有名詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式或從句等。
He is watching TV.他正在看電視。
Last weekend， our class held a speech contest.
上個周末， 我們班舉行了演講比賽。
②在“動詞＋介詞”的動詞短語中，賓語只能放在介詞之后；在“動詞＋副詞”的動詞短語中，作賓語的名詞放于副詞前后皆可；作賓語的代詞只能放在副詞之前。
Please wake Li Ling up （＝wake up Li Ling） at 6：30 in the morning.（√）
Please wake her up at 6：30 in the morning.（√）
Please wake up her at 6：30 in the morning.（×）
3.主語＋（系動詞）＋表語（S＋P）
這種句型結構中的謂語動詞為系動詞，無被動語態，也無進行時態。常見的系動詞有be動詞，還有感官系動詞（sound、 look、 smell、 taste、 feel）；變化系動詞（become、 get、 grow、 turn、 go、 fall、 run）；持續系動詞（remain、 keep、 hold、 stay）；表象系動詞（seem、 appear、 look）等。表語由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式或從句充當。
Everything looks different.
一切看起來都不同了。
Computers are useful in people’s lives.
電腦在人們的生活中有用。
The problem remains to be settled.
這個問題依然需要解決。
4.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語（S＋V＋O＋O）
這種句型結構中的及物動詞后跟雙賓語，指人的賓語稱為間接賓語，指物的賓語稱為直接賓語。通常間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后，也可把間接賓語置于直接賓語后，但間接賓語前需用介詞for或to。間接賓語之前用介詞to的常見動詞有give、 tell、 teach、 write、 bring、 lend、 hand、 show、 offer、 send、 pay、 order等。間接賓語之前用介詞for的常見動詞有buy、 fetch、 save、 choose、 sing等。
He bought me a birthday present.
＝He bought a birthday present for me.
他給我買了一個生日禮物。
I showed him my pictures.
＝I showed my pictures to him.
我給他看了我的照片。
5.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語（S＋V＋O＋C）
該句型結構中的賓語補足語可以由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或非謂語動詞等充當。該句型常用于三類動詞：
①使役動詞：keep、 make、 let、 have、 leave、 get等；
②感官動詞或短語：see、 watch、 notice、 observe、 find、 catch、 hear、 feel、 smell、 look at、 listen to等；
③其他動詞：ask、 tell、 order、 request、 permit、 persuade 等。
Mike told me not to go now.
邁克告訴我現在不要走。
They painted the door green.
他們把門刷成了綠色。
6.主語＋謂語＋狀語（S＋V＋A）
該句型結構中的謂語通常為不及物動詞；副詞或介詞短語在句中作狀語，修飾或說明謂語。
They talked for half an hour.
他們談了半個小時。
The time passed quickly.時光飛逝。
7.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語（S＋V＋O＋A）
該句型結構中的謂語通常為及物動詞；副詞或介詞短語在句中作狀語，修飾或說明謂語。
The boy needs a pen very much.
這男孩兒十分需要一支鋼筆。
I waited for him at the school gate.
我在校門口等他。
【即時演練2】　寫出下列句子所屬的句型結構
①I am happy. 　　　　　
②He enjoys reading. 　　　　　　
③I saw him chatting with his father. 　　　　　
④My father bought me a new bike. 　　　　　　
⑤He studies hard. 　　　　　
⑥I visited many places of interest with my family last week. 　　　　　
debate n.& v.討論，辯論
【教材原句】　Join the Debate Club！加入辯論俱樂部吧！
【用法】
（1）have a debate on/about/over sth　　
進行一場關于某事的辯論/討論
under debate 在辯論/討論中
beyond debate 無可爭辯
（2）debate with sb about/on ...
就……與某人辯論
【佳句】　We are having a heated debate over the effect of the computer on children.
我們正在就電腦對孩子們的影響進行一場激烈的辯論。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①They debated with each other 　　　　　　the environmental protection.
②It is a fact 　　　　　　debate that the employment pressure of graduates is heavy.
【寫美】　補全句子
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 whether women should spend more time staying home.
我們對女性是否應該花更多時間待在家里展開了一場激烈的辯論。
argue v.爭論，爭辯
【教材原句】　Argue about the week’s hottest topics with the school’s sharpest minds！
和學校里頭腦最敏銳的人辯論本周最熱門的話題！
【用法】
（1）argue with sb about/over sth
　　　　 　　 與某人爭論某事
argue for ... 為……而爭論；為……而辯護
argue against 爭辯（反對……）
argue sb into/out of doing sth
說服某人做/不做某事
（2）argument n. 爭論，辯論；論據，論點
【佳句】　Though they always argue or even quarrel， they remain the best friends.
盡管他們總是爭論甚至爭吵，他們仍舊是最好的朋友。
【點津】　argue for還可意為“贊成”。argue for the plan贊成這個計劃。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It is unnecessary for you to argue 　　　　Mary 　　　　　　money.She won’t follow your advice.
②I argued 　　　　his rude table manners.As a result， I went all out to argue him out of 　　　　（talk） with his mouth full.
③After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement without 　　　　　（argue）.
【寫美】　補全句子
④I finally 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　settling down in the city where I lived.
我終于說服我的好朋友在我居住的城市定居下來。
volunteer n.志愿者，義務工作者，自愿參加者 v.自愿
【教材原句】　In the UK and the US，senior high school students take part in various after-school activities，such as club activities and volunteer work.
在英國和美國，高中生參加各種課外活動，如社團活動和志愿者工作。
【用法】
（1）自愿做某事
volunteer as 自愿擔任某職位
（2）voluntary adj. 志愿的；自愿的
【佳句】　I’d like to join the Volunteer Club， because there are many volunteers who I can meet， which makes me volunteer to help others.
我想加入志愿者社團，因為（在那里）我可以遇到許多志愿者，這使我自愿地去幫助別人。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He often volunteers 　　　　　　（work） in the old people’s home on weekends.
②We encourage all students to volunteer 　　　　　　at least one community activity.
③This is the third time he has been praised for his 　　　（volunteer） work for the Red Cross.
【寫美】　補全句子
④The couple often 　　　　　　　　　　　activities that help the people in trouble.
這對夫婦經常自愿參加幫助有困難的人的活動。
apply v.申請；應用；涂
【教材原句】　After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college.
學生申請大學時，課外活動也起到了一定的作用。
【用法】
（1）apply （to ...） for ...　（向……）申請……
apply oneself to ... 致力于……，專心于……
apply ...to ...　 把……應用/涂抹于……
apply to do sth　　　　 申請做某事
（2）application n. 應用；申請（書）
application form 申請表
（3）applicant n. 申請人
【佳句】　Mr Liu is a very respectable teacher， who often encourages me to apply myself to my studies.劉老師是一位非常值得尊敬的老師，他經常鼓勵我專心學習。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Our government has been applying itself to 　　　　　　（protect） the environment.
②I am writing to apply 　　　　　　　you 　　　　　　the position which was advertised in yesterday’s newspaper.
【寫美】　補全句子
③Knowing a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next month， I am writing 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
得知畫廊下個月將舉辦一場中國畫展覽，我寫信申請成為一名志愿者。
schedule n.計劃表，進度表，日程表 v.安排，預定
【教材原句】　However，they can take up a lot of time，so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules.
然而，它們會占用很多時間，所以學生們必須學會安排他們繁忙的日程表。
【用法】
（1）ahead of schedule　 提前
behind schedule 晚于預定時間；晚點
on schedule 按時；按時間表
（2）be scheduled for sth/to do sth
預定某事；安排做某事
as scheduled 按計劃
【佳句】　Then a talk concerning Chinese and New Zealand culture is scheduled to deepen mutual understanding.
隨后，還將舉行一場關于中國和新西蘭文化的講座，以加深相互了解。
【聯想】　表示“提前”的短語還有in advance， ahead of time等。
The building was completed three months ahead of time.
這幢大樓提前三個月完工了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①To complete the new bridge ahead 　　　　schedule is a big challenge to the workers.
②The sports meeting is scheduled 　　　　　　　　　　　　（hold） next Saturday.
③We may finish the task 　　　　　　schedule on the assumption that we can speed up by adding more people.
【寫美】　補全句子
④The meeting wasn’t held 　　　　　　　　because the manager’s car broke down on the way to the company.
因為經理的車在去公司的路上拋錨了，所以會議沒有按計劃舉行。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
①－⑦　CGDEFBA
即時演練1
①謂語　②主語　③表語　④直接賓語　⑤賓語補足語　⑥間接賓語
即時演練2
①S＋P　②S＋V＋O　③S＋V＋O＋C　④S＋V＋O＋O
⑤S＋V＋A 　⑥S＋V＋O＋A
【知識要點·須拾遺】
1.①about/on　②beyond　③We had a heated debate on/about/over
2.①with； about/over　②against； talking　③argument
④argued my good friend into
3.①to work　②for　③voluntary
④volunteer to take part in
4.①protecting　②to； for　③to apply to become a volunteer
5.①of　②to be held　③on　④as scheduled
9 / 9(共108張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
知識要點·須拾遺
3
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
復習：基本句型
①I’m not outgoing.
②I just had my first maths class in senior high school！
③He even told us a funny story.
④I found everything in the laboratary in good order.
⑤Everyone laughed so much.
⑥I love my school.
⑦We all succeeded.
【我的發現】
匹配上面的句子與其所對應的句型結構
A. SV　　　　 B. SVO
C. SP　　 D. SVOO
E. SVOC　　 F. SVA
G. SVOA
答案：①－⑦　CGDEFBA
一、句子的基本成分
　組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。根據英語詞匯在句子中的地位和
作用，英語的句子成分可分為主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀
語、賓語補足語、同位語及獨立成分等。
1. 主語 （subject）
主語是句子敘述的主體，表明句子說的是“誰”或是“什么”。它
一般放在謂語之前，通常由名詞（短語）、代詞、數詞、動詞不定
式、動詞-ing形式以及名詞性從句等擔任。
TV news often gives us lots of information.（名詞短語）
電視新聞常常給我們許多信息。
Something is wrong with my computer.（代詞）
我的電腦壞了。
Seven-tenths of the earth surface is covered with water.（數詞）
十分之七的地球表面被水覆蓋。
To see is to believe.（動詞不定式）
眼見為實。
Cycling and boating are my favorite free time hobbies.（動詞-
ing形式）
騎自行車和劃船是我最喜歡的業余愛好。
That she was admitted into a key university greatly comforted her
parents.（主語從句）
她被一所重點大學錄取這件事給了她父母極大的安慰。
2. 謂語（verb）
謂語是對主語的有關問題加以說明的部分。謂語說明主語“做什
么”“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。謂語位于主語之后，凡是由一個
動詞或動詞短語構成的謂語，無論處在什么時態、語態、語氣下，
都被稱為謂語。謂語分為簡單謂語和復合謂語。
He practises running every morning.（簡單謂語）
他每天早晨鍛煉跑步。
Great changes have taken place in Shanghai.（復合謂語）
上海發生了巨大的變化。
名師點津
系動詞加表語也構成復合謂語。
We are students.我們是學生。
3. 表語（predicative）
表語是說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”的句子成分。它由名詞、
代詞、數詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式及短語、動詞
-ing形式和表語從句等充當。
My favorite tourist attraction is the Great Wall.（名詞）
我最喜歡的旅游景點是長城。
—Who is there？（副詞）
——誰在那兒？
—It’s me.（代詞）
——是我。
English is both useful and important.（形容詞）
英語有用且重要。
The Forbidden City is at the centre of Beijing.（介詞短語）
紫禁城位于北京市中心。
The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.（動詞不
定式短語）
最大的快樂就是為大家的快樂而工作。
My hobby is collecting stamps.（動詞-ing形式）
我的愛好是集郵。
My belief is that our country will become stronger and stronger.
（表語從句）
我相信，我們的國家將變得越來越強大。
4. 賓語（object）
賓語是及物動詞所表示的動作的對象，或是介詞所表示的某種
聯系的對象。賓語放在及物動詞或介詞的后面。賓語一般由名
詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式（短語）、動詞-ing形式或賓語
從句等充當。
The children are flying kites.（名詞）
孩子們正在放風箏。
Call me at any time.（代詞）
隨時可給我打電話。
I decide to pick up a new foreign language.（動詞不定式短語）
我決定學一門新的外語。
Do you mind passing me the dictionary？（動詞-ing形式）
請把詞典遞給我，好嗎？
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do
it.（賓語從句）
你的成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。
5. 賓語補足語（object complement）
有些及物動詞帶了賓語后意義仍不夠完整，還需要加上賓語補足語
來補充說明賓語的行為、狀態、身份或特征等。賓語補足語通常放
在賓語之后，一般由名詞（短語）、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動
詞不定式（短語）、動詞-ing形式（短語）或過去分詞（短語）等
充當。
He has proved himself an experienced teacher.（名詞短語）
他證明了自己是一名經驗豐富的教師。
We have decided to paint the room pink.（形容詞）
我們決定把房間漆成粉紅色。
My mother always keeps everything in good order.（介詞短語）
我媽媽總是把一切安排得井然有序。
The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.（動詞不定式
短語）
老師叫我們不要那么吵鬧。
I heard the telephone ringing.（動詞-ing形式）
我聽見電話鈴正在響。
He was very happy to see the homeless children taken good care of at
the orphanage.（過去分詞短語）
他很高興看見流浪兒童在孤兒院得到很好的照顧。
6. 定語（attributive）
定語是用來修飾、限制名詞或代詞的。一般由形容詞、名詞、代
詞、數詞、副詞、動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式、分詞、介詞短語或
從句等充當。
There is a beautiful picture in my room.（形容詞）
我房間里有一幅漂亮的畫。
These are apple trees.（名詞）
這些是蘋果樹。
The men here are always busy working on the farm.（副詞）
這里的男人總是忙于在農場干活。
There is nothing to do today.（動詞不定式）
今天沒有事要做。
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.（動詞-ing形
式、過去分詞短語）
那個微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。
7. 狀語（adverbial）
狀語用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。一般由副詞、形容
詞、動詞不定式、分詞、介詞短語、獨立主格或從句等充當。
I’m very pleased to see you.（副詞）
見到你我非常高興。
I’ll be back in a while.（介詞短語）
我一會兒就回來。
When she was 12 years old， she began to live in Dalian.（狀
語從句）
她12歲的時候，開始在大連生活。
Having had a quarrel with his wife， he left home.（動詞-ing形式作
狀語）
和妻子吵了一架后，他離開了家。
【即時演練1】　寫出藍體部分所作的句子成分
①The teacher should encourage his students to think differently.

②Making great progress in your new school will be not so easy to you.

③The activity is both wonderful and attractive.
④You are supposed to introduce your friend to us.
⑤I’d like to advise you to communicate with your friends in English.

⑥It will give you an opportunity to achieve a long-term goal.

謂語　
主語　
表語　
直接賓語　
賓語補足語　
間接
賓語　
二、基本句型
　按照結構，英語的句子可分為簡單句、并列句和復合句。只有一個
主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）的句子叫作簡單句。
簡單句有七種基本句型：
1. 主語＋謂語（S＋V）
這種句型結構中的謂語動詞為不及物動詞（短語），其后不能直接
接賓語，也沒有被動語態。主謂結構常用來表示主語的動作或狀
態。 常見的不及物動詞（短語）有rise、 matter、 begin、 come、
go、 happen、 appear、 work、 come true、 take place等。
The sun is rising.
太陽正在升起。
The little boy is crying.
小男孩正在哭泣。
2. 主語＋謂語＋賓語（S＋V＋O）
①這種句型結構中的謂語動詞必須是及物動詞（短語），一般有被
動語態。用作賓語的有名詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動詞-ing
形式或從句等。
He is watching TV.
他正在看電視。
Last weekend， our class held a speech contest.
上個周末， 我們班舉行了演講比賽。
②在“動詞＋介詞”的動詞短語中，賓語只能放在介詞之后；在
“動詞＋副詞”的動詞短語中，作賓語的名詞放于副詞前后皆可；
作賓語的代詞只能放在副詞之前。
Please wake Li Ling up （＝wake up Li Ling） at 6：30 in the
morning.（√）
Please wake her up at 6：30 in the morning.（√）
Please wake up her at 6：30 in the morning.（×）
3. 主語＋（系動詞）＋表語（S＋P）
這種句型結構中的謂語動詞為系動詞，無被動語態，也無進行時
態。常見的系動詞有be動詞，還有感官系動詞（sound、 look、
smell、 taste、 feel）；變化系動詞（become、 get、 grow、 turn、
go、 fall、 run）；持續系動詞（remain、 keep、 hold、 stay）；表
象系動詞（seem、 appear、 look）等。表語由名詞、形容詞、介詞
短語、分詞、動詞不定式或從句充當。
Everything looks different.
一切看起來都不同了。
Computers are useful in people’s lives.
電腦在人們的生活中有用。
The problem remains to be settled.
這個問題依然需要解決。
4. 主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語（S＋V＋O＋O）
這種句型結構中的及物動詞后跟雙賓語，指人的賓語稱為間接賓
語，指物的賓語稱為直接賓語。通常間接賓語在前，直接賓語在
后，也可把間接賓語置于直接賓語后，但間接賓語前需用介詞for
或to。間接賓語之前用介詞to的常見動詞有give、 tell、 teach、
write、 bring、 lend、 hand、 show、 offer、 send、 pay、 order
等。間接賓語之前用介詞for的常見動詞有buy、 fetch、 save、
choose、 sing等。
He bought me a birthday present.
＝He bought a birthday present for me.
他給我買了一個生日禮物。
I showed him my pictures.
＝I showed my pictures to him.
我給他看了我的照片。
5. 主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語（S＋V＋O＋C）
該句型結構中的賓語補足語可以由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語
或非謂語動詞等充當。該句型常用于三類動詞：
①使役動詞：keep、 make、 let、 have、 leave、 get等；
②感官動詞或短語：see、 watch、 notice、 observe、 find、
catch、 hear、 feel、 smell、 look at、 listen to等；
③其他動詞：ask、 tell、 order、 request、 permit、 persuade 等。
Mike told me not to go now.
邁克告訴我現在不要走。
They painted the door green.
他們把門刷成了綠色。
6. 主語＋謂語＋狀語（S＋V＋A）
該句型結構中的謂語通常為不及物動詞；副詞或介詞短語在句中作
狀語，修飾或說明謂語。
They talked for half an hour.
他們談了半個小時。
The time passed quickly.
時光飛逝。
7. 主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語（S＋V＋O＋A）
該句型結構中的謂語通常為及物動詞；副詞或介詞短語在句中作狀
語，修飾或說明謂語。
The boy needs a pen very much.
這男孩兒十分需要一支鋼筆。
I waited for him at the school gate.
我在校門口等他。
【即時演練2】 寫出下列句子所屬的句型結構
①I am happy.
②He enjoys reading.
③I saw him chatting with his father.
④My father bought me a new bike.
⑤He studies hard.
⑥I visited many places of interest with my family last week.

S＋P　
S＋V＋O　
S＋V＋O＋C　
S＋V＋O＋O　
S＋V＋A　
S＋V＋O＋A　
知識要點·須拾遺
關注高頻詞匯
2
debate n.& v.討論，辯論
【教材原句】　Join the Debate Club！加入辯論俱樂部吧！
【用法】
（1）have a debate on/about/over sth 進行一場關于某事的辯論/討論
under debate　在辯論/討論中
beyond debate　　無可爭辯
（2）debate with sb about/on ... 就……與某人辯論
【佳句】　We are having a heated debate over the effect of the computer
on children.
我們正在就電腦對孩子們的影響進行一場激烈的辯論。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①They debated with each other the environmental
protection.
②It is a fact debate that the employment pressure of graduates is
heavy.
about/on　
beyond
【寫美】　補全句子
③ whether women should
spend more time staying home.
我們對女性是否應該花更多時間待在家里展開了一場激烈的辯論。
We had a heated debate on/about/over　
argue v.爭論，爭辯
【教材原句】　Argue about the week’s hottest topics with the
school’s sharpest minds！
和學校里頭腦最敏銳的人辯論本周最熱門的話題！
【用法】
（1）argue with sb about/over sth　　與某人爭論某事
argue for ...　　為……而爭論；為……而辯護
argue against　　爭辯（反對……）
argue sb into/out of doing sth　　說服某人做/不做某事
（2）argument n.　　爭論，辯論；論據，論點
【佳句】　Though they always argue or even quarrel， they remain the
best friends.盡管他們總是爭論甚至爭吵，他們仍舊是最好的朋友。
【點津】　argue for還可意為“贊成”。argue for the plan贊成這
個計劃。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It is unnecessary for you to argue Mary
money.She won’t follow your advice.
②I argued his rude table manners.As a result， I went all out
to argue him out of （talk） with his mouth full.
③After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement
without （argue）.
with　
about/over　
against　
talking　
argument　
【寫美】　補全句子
④I finally settling down in the city where
I lived.
我終于說服我的好朋友在我居住的城市定居下來。
argued my good friend into　
volunteer n.志愿者，義務工作者，自愿參加者 v.自愿
【教材原句】　In the UK and the US，senior high school students take
part in various after-school activities，such as club activities and
volunteer work.
在英國和美國，高中生參加各種課外活動，如社團活動和志愿者
工作。
（1）自愿做某事
volunteer as　　自愿擔任某職位
（2）voluntary adj.　　志愿的；自愿的
【用法】
【佳句】　I’d like to join the Volunteer Club， because there are many
volunteers who I can meet， which makes me volunteer to help others.
我想加入志愿者社團，因為（在那里）我可以遇到許多志愿者，這使
我自愿地去幫助別人。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He often volunteers （work） in the old people’s home
on weekends.
②We encourage all students to volunteer at least one community
activity.
③This is the third time he has been praised for his
（volunteer） work for the Red Cross.
to work　
for　
voluntary　
【寫美】　補全句子
④The couple often activities that help the
people in trouble.
這對夫婦經常自愿參加幫助有困難的人的活動。
volunteer to take part in　
apply v.申請；應用；涂
【教材原句】　After-school activities also play a part when students
apply to college.
學生申請大學時，課外活動也起到了一定的作用。
（1）apply （to ...） for ...　（向……）申請……
apply oneself to ...　　致力于……，專心于……
apply ...to ... 把……應用/涂抹于……
apply to do sth　　申請做某事
（2）application n.　　應用；申請（書）
application form　　申請表
（3）applicant n.　　申請人
【用法】
【佳句】　Mr Liu is a very respectable teacher， who often encourages
me to apply myself to my studies.
劉老師是一位非常值得尊敬的老師，他經常鼓勵我專心學習。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Our government has been applying itself to （protect）
the environment.
②I am writing to apply you the position which was
advertised in yesterday’s newspaper.
protecting　
to　
for　
【寫美】　補全句子
③Knowing a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next
month， I am writing .
得知畫廊下個月將舉辦一場中國畫展覽，我寫信申請成為一名志
愿者。
to apply to become a volunteer　
schedule n.計劃表，進度表，日程表 v.安排，預定
【教材原句】　However，they can take up a lot of time，so students
have to learn to organise their busy schedules.然而，它們會占用很多時
間，所以學生們必須學會安排他們繁忙的日程表。
【用法】
（1）ahead of schedule　提前
behind schedule　　晚于預定時間；晚點
on schedule　　按時；按時間表
（2）be scheduled for sth/to do sth　　預定某事；安排做某事
as scheduled　　按計劃
【佳句】　Then a talk concerning Chinese and New Zealand culture is
scheduled to deepen mutual understanding.隨后，還將舉行一場關于中
國和新西蘭文化的講座，以加深相互了解。
【聯想】　表示“提前”的短語還有in advance， ahead of time等。
The building was completed three months ahead of time.這幢大樓提前三
個月完工了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①To complete the new bridge ahead schedule is a big challenge to
the workers.
②The sports meeting is scheduled （hold） next
Saturday.
③We may finish the task schedule on the assumption that we can
speed up by adding more people.
of　
to be held　
on　
【寫美】　補全句子
④The meeting wasn’t held because the manager’s
car broke down on the way to the company.
因為經理的車在去公司的路上拋錨了，所以會議沒有按計劃舉行。
as scheduled　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：基礎題型練
單句語法填空
1. He is not easy to get along with， but his friendship， once
（gain）， will last forever.
2. Our guests are scheduled （arrive） at 7：30 in the
evening.
3. We plan to apply what we will learn in class our future jobs.
gained　
to arrive　
to　
4. On hearing the girl struck by a truck has been sent to hospital by
ambulance， many people volunteered （donate） the
same type of blood for her.
5. We’re in a stage it’s still too early to say who will win
the most votes and become the new president.
6. The café offers wide variety of sandwiches in order to attract
customers.
7. He was sharp me when I was late.
to donate　
where　
a　
with　
8. The two lawyers both gave detailed information and had
an （argue） about the issue.
9. The question whether college students should do part-time jobs is
still debate.
10. I heard a noise and went downstairs
（investigate）.
argument　
under　
to investigate　
維度二：語法與寫作
翻譯句子
1. 我每天起得很早，走到小花園，坐在凳子上。（主語＋謂語＋
狀語）


2. 今天下午我想和你談談。（主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語）

　Every day I get up early， walk to the small garden and sit on the
bench.　
I want to talk with you this afternoon.　
3. 昨晚奶奶給我們講了一個有趣的故事。（主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋
直接賓語）

4. 這個報告聽起來很有意思。（主語＋系動詞＋表語）

5. 你們的貢獻一定會使這次活動獲得巨大成功。（主語＋謂語＋賓語
＋賓語補足語）

Grandma told us an interesting story last night.　
The report sounds interesting.　
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.　
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面短文，分析并寫出畫線部分的句子結構。
My parents love me very much.However， 1.they like making
almost all decisions for me.They choose schools and subjects for
me.Sometimes even the daily timetables have to be decided by them.In
my opinion， 2.deciding everything for children does not help them but
harms them in many ways.Firstly， 3.it will make children less
confident， 4.which is useless to their development.Secondly，in many
cases parents don’t care about children’s personal ideas and interests，
5.which will influence their growth greatly.
As a result， 6.a lot of children are complaining！I do believe to grow to
be independent is a natural way for everybody.7.Parents should give us
chances to make our decisions.They may help us make choices instead of
replacing us to make choices.After all，there are a lot of things for us to
explore by ourselves.
答案：1.主語＋謂語＋賓語　2.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語　3.主語＋
謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語　4.主語＋系動詞＋表語　5.主語＋謂語＋
賓語＋狀語　6.主語＋謂語　7.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Math had never been something I was good at since middle
school.Classes became harder in high school， and I was even further
from a math teacher’s dream student.So at the start of my freshman
year， I had a dislike to math.It wasn’t that I didn’t want to do well，
but simply that I didn’t think I was able to do well.“I can’t” became
my state of mind in all things related （有關的） to math.
　　However， I was soon to learn that “I can’t” was not a choice in
Mr A’s class.
　　Mr A always greeted （迎接） us with open arms as he said，
“Welcome！ Smile！ It’s a great day to be alive！” It was clear that
Mr A had a true passion （熱情） not only for math but for teaching.If Mr
A ever experienced bad days in life， he never showed it.Mr A greeted us
with that same smile every day.He encouraged each student， from the
top achiever to the “I can’t” student.
　　I found myself looking forward to math class， although I still hated
the subject itself.Being in Mr A’s presence made me feel good， as if I
had the chance to succeed.As the year progressed， I spent increasingly
more time on my homework， and I met with Mr A weekly.My
classmates began to do the same， and it became “cool” to have lunch
and a talk with Mr A. We didn’t know it at the time， but he was
changing our attitudes （態度）.
　　Though my story is not one of overnight success and I didn’t
become a straight-A math student， my hard work did begin to pay off and
my grades slowly began to climb.There were hard times， of
course.Difficult math questions sometimes succeeded in bringing me
down， but Mr A kept reminding me， “Kate， smile！ It’s a great
day to be alive！”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在高中期間對數學充滿恐懼和
無助感，但在極富熱情的數學老師的激勵下，作者開始堅持努力學
習數學并取得了一定的進步。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者在高中期間對數學充滿恐懼和
無助感，但在極富熱情的數學老師的激勵下，作者開始堅持努力學
習數學并取得了一定的進步。
1. What can we know about the author from Paragraph 1？
A. He was the math teacher’s dream student.
B. He was satisfied with his current situation.
C. He did not believe his ability to learn math well.
D. He was good at math before high school.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“I can’t” became my
state of mind in all things related （有關的） to math.可知，第一段
中指出作者在數學上有著“我不能”的心態，即不相信自己有學好
數學的能力。
2. Which of the following can best describe Mr A？
A. Responsible and honest.
B. Optimistic and passionate.
C. Enthusiastic and humorous.
D. Creative and patient.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三段內容可知，A先生不僅對數學
很有熱情，對教學也很有熱情，即使面臨糟糕的日子，他也總是會
微笑面對。因此A先生是一個充滿熱情并且樂觀積極的人。
3. What change has the author made under Mr A’s influence？
A. He gradually improved his math grades.
B. He never met any difficulties again.
C. He lived a more happier life than before.
D. He fell in love with math.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的I didn’t become a
straight-A math student， my hard work did begin to pay off and my
grades slowly began to climb可知，在A先生的影響下，作者的數學
成績慢慢得到了提升。
4. What’s the main idea of this passage？
A. Math requires much more time to master.
B. Good schools have good teaching qualities.
C. Students should face difficulties bravely while learning.
D. A good teacher can motivate students’ interest in learning.
解析：　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文講述了作者在高中期
間對數學充滿恐懼和無助感，但在極富熱情的數學老師的激勵下，
作者開始堅持努力學習數學并取得了一定的進步。文章強調了好的
老師可以對學生的情感和學習產生積極的影響。D項（一個好老師
能激勵學生的學習興趣）能概括文章主旨。
B
　　It’s time to go back to high school.Students are excited about the
new beginning.But for many kids， the first day is more about friends
than classes， and maybe with good reasons.On that day， the teacher
takes attendance， hands out books， and describes the teaching plan.If a
student hears the same things in seven classes， you can’t blame （責
備） them for thinking it’s going to be another long year.When the high
schoolers’ parents ask what they did in school， it’s pretty likely that
the answer will be “Nothing”.
　　It doesn’t have to be this way.Last January， Jessica Johnson and
Charlotte Jenkins， two ninth-grade physics teachers， suggested a
school-wide movement called Make My Day to improve the first day of
classes， and many teachers have changed their plan for the first class of a
new term because of this.
　　One English teacher asks students to write 77 words about what they
want to get out of her class.Then she reads their responses out loud.She
keeps the responses until the last day of the school year when she hands
them back to students so they can see if they achieved what they
wanted.After encouraging kids with a year-long game， she begins the
English course.
　　On the first day of science， a teacher gives students 30 minutes to
build something to improve people’s lives.A history teacher organizes a
debate on whether Swiss cheese is better than cheddar.In math class，
another teacher puts students in groups of three， and gives them six
minutes to come up with as many answers as possible to the question，
“What is math good for？”
　　The new class activities are part of our school wide movement to
improve the first day of classes.Many teachers choose to use creative ways
to encourage kids from day one.And all students seem to enjoy the
changes.Quite a few parents told me that their kids said， “I think
English （or math or biology or Spanish） is going to be great！”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了高中開學第一天，
兩個老師發起了一項名為Make My Day的活動，于是各科老師開始
讓第一節課變得有趣。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了高中開學第一天，
兩個老師發起了一項名為Make My Day的活動，于是各科老師開始
讓第一節課變得有趣。
5. Which best describes the class on the first day of school in
Paragraph 1？
A. A bit strange. B. Too boring.
C. Really wonderful. D. Quite challenging.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第一段中的When the high schoolers’
parents ask what they did in school， it’s pretty likely that the answer
will be “Nothing”.可知，開學第一天的課應該是無聊的。
6. What is mentioned about Make My Day？
A. It was a city-wide movement.
B. It has been done for many years.
C. It was the idea of two PE teachers.
D. It was attended by the whole school.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段中的a school-wide
movement called Make My Day可知，Make My Day是全校學
生都參加的活動。
7. What do the teachers in Paragraph 4 have in common？
A. All ask students to work in groups.
B. All choose to do something exciting.
C. All hold discussions on teaching plans.
D. All try to improve students’ creativity.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第四段中三位老師讓學生做的事情可
知，本段提到的老師的共同點是所有老師都選擇做一些令人興奮的
事情。
8. What is the author’s attitude to the movement？
A. She shows little interest in it.
B. She feels surprised at it.
C. She is worried about it.
D. She supports it.
解析：　觀點態度題。根據最后一段最后兩句可知，所有的學生
似乎都喜歡這些變化，家長也告訴作者，他們的孩子認為某一學科
會很棒。因此推斷，作者對開學第一天的活動是支持的。
C
　　For decades， the homework standard has been a“10-minute”
rule， which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per
grade level.
　　But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a
break.A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no-homework
pilot （試點的） program for the coming school year， extending the
school day by two hours to provide more in-class instruction.“We really
want kids to go home at 4 o’clock，” Kelly Elementary School
Principal Jackie Glasheen said.“We want them to enjoy their
families.We want them to go to soccer practice or football practice.”
　　New solutions to homework differ by community.These local debates
aren’t easily understood by the fact that even education experts disagree
about what’s best for kids.
　　The most all-round research on homework so far comes from an
analysis （分析） by Duke University professor Harris Cooper， who
found evidence （證據） of a positive relationship between homework
and student achievement， meaning students who did homework
performed better in school.Cooper’s analysis focused on how homework
influences test scores.The relationship was stronger for older students —
in 7th through 12th grade — than for those in younger grades， for whom
there was a weak relationship between homework and performance.
　　Although there is the weak relationship between homework and
performance for young children， Cooper argues that a small amount of
homework is useful for all students.“Second-graders should not be doing
two hours of homework each night，” he said， “but they also
shouldn’t be doing no homework.”
　　However， Cathy Vatterott， an education professor at the University
Missouri-St.Louis， thinks there is not enough evidence that homework is
helpful for students in elementary school， “Relationship is not a
root，” she said. “Does homework cause achievement， or do high
achievers do more homework？” Vatterott thinks there should be more
stress on improving the quality of homework tasks， and she supports
efforts to ban homework for younger kids.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要圍繞學生們是否應該有家
庭作業，家庭作業對學生們好不好這些問題進行了討論。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要圍繞學生們是否應該有家
庭作業，家庭作業對學生們好不好這些問題進行了討論。
9. What will Kelly Elementary School have in the new term？
A. No homework.
B. Some football practice.
C. “10-minute” homework.
D. More physical education classes.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段中的A Massachusetts
elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot （試點的）
program for the coming school year可知，Kelly Elementary School在
新學期將沒有作業。
10. Who can perform better according to Cooper’s analysis？
A. Younger students in all grades with no homework.
B. Younger students in lower grades with no homework.
C. Older students in lower grades with more homework.
D. Older students in higher grades with more homework.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的students who did
homework performed better in school ... for older students — in 7th
through 12th grade可推知，年齡大些的高年級作業多的學生表現
會更好。
11. What does the underlined word “root” in Paragraph 6 mean？
A. Career. B. Cause.
C. System. D. Requirement.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據第六段中的there is not enough
evidence that homework is helpful for students in elementary school可
知， Cathy Vatterott認為家庭作業對小學生的幫助并不大，因此，
兩者之間的關系并不是根本原因。由此可知，畫線詞root和B項含
義一致。
12. What’s the writer’s attitude towards “10-minute” homework？
A. Positive. B. Negative.
C. Unknown. D. Doubtful.
解析：　觀點態度題。文章只是在第一段和第二段闡述了一下
“10分鐘”原則，但是作者并沒有對它表示任何的看法。由此推
知，作者對“10分鐘”作業的態度是未知的。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　It was a September day.Today was the first day of high school for a
freshman， Kayla.Kayla had always been a shy kid， but she had
always 　13　 her studies.She was determined to make full use of her
high school years.
　　As she walked down the hallways， Kayla couldn’t help but
feel 　14　.The older students seemed so confident， while she felt small
and unimportant. But Kayla was determined to succeed， no matter
what 　15　 came her way.
　　It wasn’t long before Kayla’s determination was put to
the 　16　.In her first week of school， she was assigned （分派） a
（n） 　17　 project that required a lot of research and planning.Kayla
did her 　18　， but she soon realized that she was in over her head.As
she struggled to complete the project， Kayla began to 　19　
herself.She wondered if she was cut out for high school.But then，
something 　20　 happened.
　　Kayla’s classmates began to notice how 　21　 she was working，
and they started to offer her help and 　22　.They gave her advice on
how to 　23　 her time better， and they shared their tips for 　24　
assignments.With their help， Kayla was able to complete the project on
time and with great 　25　.
　　From that day on， Kayla 　26　 that high school was not a
challenge to be faced alone.With the help and support of her 　27　， she
was able to deal with any difficulty that came her way.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了新生凱拉的高中生活。
凱拉一直是一個害羞不自信的孩子，但她決心充分利用她的高中時
光。在同學們的幫助下，她完成了一個很有挑戰性的項目，這讓凱
拉意識到高中并不是一個人要面對的挑戰。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了新生凱拉的高中生活。
凱拉一直是一個害羞不自信的孩子，但她決心充分利用她的高中時
光。在同學們的幫助下，她完成了一個很有挑戰性的項目，這讓凱
拉意識到高中并不是一個人要面對的挑戰。
13. A. feared B. loved
C. missed D. forgot
解析：　根據下文She was determined to make full use of her high
school years.可知，她決心充分利用她的高中時光，凱拉熱愛學
習。fear害怕；love熱愛；miss錯過；forget忘記。
14. A. bored B. excited
C. worried D. interested
解析：　根據下文The older students seemed so confident， while
she felt small and unimportant.可知，凱拉對自己感到擔憂。bored
無聊的；excited興奮的；worried擔憂的；interested感興趣的。
15. A. difficulties B. honours
C. reasons D. dangers
解析：　根據下文she was able to deal with any difficulty that came
her way可知，凱拉決心要成功，無論遇到什么困難。difficulty困
難；honour榮耀；reason理由；danger危險。
16. A. use B. side C. trouble D. test
解析：　根據下文but she soon realized that she was in over her
head可知，凱拉的決心受到了考驗。use使用；side旁邊；trouble
麻煩；test考驗。
17. A. simple B. challenging
C. suitable D. amazing
解析：　根據下文that required a lot of research and planning可
知，這個項目不好做，有挑戰性。simple簡單的；challenging挑戰
性的；suitable適合的；amazing令人驚嘆的。
18. A. part B. share C. best D. duty
解析：　根據下文As she struggled （努力） to complete the
project可知，凱拉盡最大努力去做項目。part部分；share分享；
best最高標準；duty職責。
19. A. teach B. doubt
C. enjoy D. believe
解析：　根據下文She wondered if she was cut out for high school.
可知，凱拉懷疑自己是否適合上高中。teach教；doubt懷疑；
enjoy享受；believe相信。
20. A. great B. strange
C. confusing D. secret
解析：　根據下文and they started to offer her help可知，同學們
幫助凱拉，這是偉大的事情。great偉大的；strange奇怪的；
confusing令人困惑的；secret秘密的。
21. A. fast B. bravely
C. fluently D. hard
解析：　根據上文As she struggled （努力） to complete the
project可知，同學們發現凱拉很努力想完成項目。fast快速地；
bravely勇敢地；fluently流利地；hard努力地。
22. A. flash B. news
C. support D. service
解析：　根據下文With the help and support可知，同學們幫助支
持凱拉。flash閃光；news新聞；support支持；service服務。
23. A. manage B. find C. fill D. waste
解析：　根據空后her time better可知，同學們幫助凱拉更好地
管理時間。manage管理；find找到；fill填滿；waste浪費。
24. A. thinking about B. getting through
C. giving up D. asking for
解析：　根據下文With their help， Kayla was able to complete the
project可知，同學們分享給凱拉如何完成任務的技巧。think about
考慮；get through完成；give up放棄；ask for要求得到。
25. A. freedom B. creation
C. success D. trust
解析：　根據上文With their help， Kayla was able to complete the
project on time可知，在同學們的幫助下，凱拉成功完成了項目。
freedom自由；creation創造；success成功；trust信任。
26. A. realized B. argued
C. stressed D. recommended
解析：　根據語境可知，凱拉意識到高中不是一個人要面對的
挑戰。realize意識到；argue爭論；stress強調；recommend推薦。
27. A. families B. customers
C. teammates D. classmates
解析：　根據上文可知，同學們幫助了凱拉，即在同學們的幫
助和支持下，她能夠處理遇到的任何困難。family家人；customer
顧客；teammate隊友；classmate同學。
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　Freshman year 　28　 （offer） new opportunities， classes and
social situations， which is often a big adjustment coming from middle
school.
“It is an adjustment year， and you need to let 　29　 （you）
adjust to high school，” senior Gershon Stein said.
One of the best ways to 　30　 （rapid） adjust to this new
environment， according to Gershon， is by 　31　 （find） a close
group of friends through clubs and after-class activities.Gershon， 　32　
was new in his freshman year， joined the Ethics Bowl club to meet
people.
“You’re going through a very difficult curriculum （課程） and
you don’t really have a lot of close friends to talk to because it takes
time 　33　 （develop） friendships，” Gershon said.“Remember that
you will make friends and you will have close relationships.It just might
take a little bit of time.”
While clubs and after-class activities are a great way to meet new
people， Gershon stresses the 　34　 （important） of spending time
with family and friends and not overscheduling （過度安排） your life.
During freshman year， 　35　 （student） must also decide
whether they prefer to take four 　36　 five majors.
“I think kids have to do what is right for them，”Gershon said.“I
think five majors are pretty manageable if you’re willing to put in a lot of
work and long hours.I think it also depends 　37　 what you want your
work-life balance to look like.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。高年級學生Gershon Stein向高一新生
介紹了如何快速適應高一生活。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。高年級學生Gershon Stein向高一新生
介紹了如何快速適應高一生活。
28. offers　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。設空處描述客觀事實，用一
般現在時；主語Freshman year與動詞offer之間是主動關系，故填
offers。
29. yourself　考查代詞。根據語境可知，設空處表示“讓你自己適應
高中生活”，故填yourself。
30. rapidly　考查詞形轉換。設空處作狀語，修飾動詞adjust，應用副
詞，故填rapidly。
31. finding　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作介詞by的賓語，應用動詞-ing形式，故填finding。
32. who　考查定語從句。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先
行詞Gershon，且在從句中作主語，故填who。
33. to develop　考查非謂語動詞。it takes time to do sth做某事需要
花費多長時間。
34. importance　考查詞形轉換。根據語境及空前的the可知，設空
處作stresses的賓語，應用名詞，表示“重要性”，故填
importance。
35. students　考查名詞復數。student是可數名詞，因空前無冠詞
限定且此處表示泛指，設空處應用表示復數的名詞，故填
students。
36. or　考查連詞。根據語境及whether可知，此處表示“學生們
必須決定他們是選四門專業課還是五門專業課”，故填or。
37. on/upon　考查介詞。depend on/upon取決于。
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