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(共61張PPT)
新牛津譯林版高中英語必修一Unit 1 Back to school
Grammar and Usage
句子成分及句子結構
這兩句話的翻譯正確嗎？
How are you？
怎么是你
How old are you
怎么老是你
不可以完全按照中文的表達習慣學習英語哦！
我們需要了解中英文表達習慣的差異。
How are you？
你好嗎
How old are you
你幾歲啦
中文句子偏線形 英文句子偏樹形
我 愛 學 英語。
主語+謂語
e.g. I go to school by bike every day.
賓語
補語
狀語
定語
什么是句子呢？
我，是句子嗎？
你，是句子嗎？
我愛你，是句子嗎？
請思考：
我，是句子嗎？
你，是句子嗎？
我愛你，是句子嗎？
句子是指由詞和詞組通過句法構成的、
能夠表達完整意思的語言單位。
那么，句子成分又是什么呢？
I love you.
主語：I
謂語：love
賓語：you
組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。
句子成分包括主語、謂語、賓語、表語、
定語、狀語，同位語和賓補。
概念須知：
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
我昨天在這個車站遇到了我最好的朋友Tom.
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓
主語
↓
謂
語
↓
定語
↓
賓
語
↓
同位語
↓
地
點
狀
語
↓
時
間
狀
語
句子成分的構成
句子的主干成分：
主語、謂語、賓語、表語
句子的次要成分：
定語、狀語、補語（賓補、主補）、
插入語、同位語
主語(subject)
1. 主語是句子陳述的對象。
2.一般在句首。
3. 一般由名詞，代詞或相當于名詞的詞或短語充當。
1. We study in No. 7 Middle School.
2.The classroom is very clean.
3.To teach them English is my job.
4.Surfing, diving and swimming are all water sports.
5.Four plus four is eight.
6.What he has said is true.
7.The young should respect the old.
代詞
名詞
不定式
動名詞
數詞
主語從句
（the+adj表示一類人）
句子的主角，全句述說的對象
表示句子所說的是
“什么人”或“什么事物”
1. We speak English in class.
2. To love others is to love yourself.
3. Smoking is bad for our health.
4. China is a great and promising country.
即學即練：劃出句子的主語
謂語(verb)
1. 表示主語的動作行為。
2. 必須由動詞充當。
3.一般在主語后面。
(1) 簡單謂語： 是由動詞或動詞短語構成的。
We study hard.
He often listens to music.
(2) 復合謂語：由“情態動詞或助動詞 + 動詞原形”構成。
He can speak English.
We have finished the task.
I did see her yesterday.
實義動詞
系動詞
情態動詞
助動詞
（V.）
用來描述主語的動作，屬性，狀態
“做什么” 或“怎么樣”, 謂語通常是動詞。
即學即練：選出句中謂語動詞。
1. I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't like B. on C. picture D. wall
2. Li Hua found the book interesting.
A. found B. book C. interesting D. Li Hua
3. I often go to school by bus.
A. I B. often C. go D. bus
4. There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting
C. the library D. afternoon
賓語 (object)
1. 表示動作的對象（動賓）；介詞涉及的對象（介賓）
2. 用在及物動詞或介詞后面。
She is playing the piano.
He often helps me.
We enjoy living in the countryside.
He is interested in painting.
3.賓語種類：
（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Please pass me the book.
（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：They elected him their monitor.
They saw an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
How many dictionaries do you have I have five.
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.
He pretended not to see me.
I enjoy listening to popular music.
I think（that）he is fit for his office.
名詞
代詞
數詞
（the+adj表示一類人）
不定式
動名詞短語
賓語從句
即學即練：判斷下列句子劃線部分是否為賓語。
1. He wanted to leave here. ( )
2. I often help my mother. ( )
3. She learns English well. ( )
4. My father and my mother watch TV every evening. ( )
√
×
×
√
表語(predicative)
1. 說明主語的身份、類屬、狀態或特征。
2. 位于系動詞后面（最常見的系動詞是be）。
1.He is young.
2.I am a teacher.
3.Everybody is here.
4.My job is to teach them English.
5.Now they are at home.
6.The book is what I need.
7.He got lost in the forest.
8.His hobby is swimming.
形容詞
名詞
副詞
不定式短語
介詞短語
從句
過去分詞
動名詞
表語predicative
位于系動詞之后, 主語的“表現”
說明主語的身份，特征，狀態
說明主語“是什么”, “怎么樣”
1)表狀態的動詞：be (am, is, are)
2)表感官的動詞:
3)表變化的動詞:
4)表持續的動詞：
5)表表像的動詞:
6)表終止的動詞：
look, feel, smell, taste, sound
prove, turn out（證明）
become, get, turn, go, grow
keep, stay
P
seem, appear (似乎，好像)
My father is a professor.
It's me.
The music sounds beautiful.
The story of my life may be of help to others.
His son turns fifteen.
His plan is to seek work in the city.
Her job is selling computers.
名詞 n.
代詞 pron.
形容詞 adj.
介詞短語
數詞
to do不定式
Your conclusion 4：表語一般位于
可由 充當
doing動名詞
即學即練：
名詞, 代詞, 形容詞, 介詞短語, 數詞, 不定式, 動名詞
Exploring the rules：探究規則
He is happy.
2. I agree.
3. I like reading.
4. Setting goals gives you a focus.
Rules：
①The Subject and the are necessary parts of a sentence.
② A transitive verb(Vt.) is always followed by a/an .
③Some verbs like “give” can have Objects.
S + V-l. +P
S + Vi.
S +Vt. +O
S+Vt. +IO +DO
Verb
Object
two
達標檢測
1. The tips may help you.
2. The goals will seem easy to reach.
3. The experience gives you a good opportunity.
4. Setting good goals is important.
5. You should not give up.
Applying the rules：應用規則
Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols.
Subject:
Verb:
Object:
Predicative:
Different symbols：
You will enjoy personal growth.
句子基本成分與詞類的關系
主語
謂語
Vi
Vt
V-l
賓語
賓語(間sb)賓語(直sth)
表語
課堂小結
賓語補足語(object complement)
在賓語后面,對賓語進行補充說明,與賓語一起構成復合賓語。
I made my room beautiful.
I can see her dancing there.
He had his car washed.
She asked me to lend her my bike.
Please make yourself at home.
We keep the dog out.
We call her Madam.
形容詞
現在分詞
過去分詞
不定式
介詞短語
副詞
名詞
主語補足語(subject complement)
對主語進行補充說明。
Tom was seen dancing in his room.
I was elected monitor.
Our country will be made stronger.
狀語 (adverbial)
1. 修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或整個句子。
2. 表示動作發生的時間，地點，原因，目的，方式，程度，結果，條件，讓步，伴隨等。
Light travels very quickly.
Wait a minute.
I've done it hundreds of times.
I got home, tired and thirsty.
He has lived in the city for ten years.
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.
They came out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
Mr Black came back drunk that night.
Once you begin, you must continue.
副詞
名詞
數詞
形容詞
介詞短語
不定式短語
現在分詞
過去分詞
狀語從句
定語(attribute) “……的”
用來修飾名詞或代詞,起類似于形容詞的修飾作用。
1.He is a clever boy.
2.His father works in a shoe factory.
3.There are 54 students in our class.
4.Do you know Betty’s sister
5.His spoken English is good.
6.The girl in red is his sister.
7.I want to have something to drink.
8.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
9.Do you know the man who's standing there
（形容詞）
(物主代詞)
(數詞)
(名詞所有格)
(過去分詞)
(介詞短語)
(現在分詞短語)
(從句)
(不定式)
(名詞)
同位語（apposition）
1.對前面的名詞或代詞做進一步解釋,說明它們的性質和情況。
2.在句中和前面的名詞指同一人、同一物，同做一種句子成分。
1. Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
2. I myself will do the experiment.
3. She is the oldest among them six.
4. The news that he is ill worries us.
名詞
反身代詞
數詞
從句
插入語（parenthesis）
插入語指的是對一句話所做的附加解釋。其作用是，補足句意，包括說話者的態度，或引起聽話者的注意。以下句子帶有常見的插入語：
1. That will be a good beginning, I hope.
2. We'll have to take an umbrella, I' m afraid.
3. I have no money, you see.
4. He is a bad guy, you know.
5. Mr. Smith, I think, is at least 50 years old.
6. This, I suppose, will give you some idea of the situation in China.
Ex.分析下列句子成分
1. Everyone laughed happily.
2. My brother,Jim, was elected monitor.
3. There is a river at the foot of the hill.
4. He bought his son some books.
5. The young girl with long black hair is Kate.
6. I smell the cake.
7. The cake smells good.
8. I saw my friend Tom standing at the bus-stop.
Sentence Elements
A. Exploring the rules.
Have students read the short speech on Page6 and answer the following questions.
What is a goal
A goal is a dream that needs action.
What’s the significance of setting goals
Setting goals gives a focus in life.
Setting goals helps develop good habits.
Setting goals makes one more confident.
Subject Verb
I agree.
Subject Verb Predictive
Subject Verb Object
Subject Verb Indirect object Direct object
Subject Verb Object Object complement
A. Exploring the rules
These habits
will be
helpful.
You
will live
a happy life.
Setting goals
gives
you
a focus in life.
Setting goals
makes
you
more confident.
Have students finish the table of Part A on Page6.
Working out the Rules
Subject + Verb(SV)
Subject + Verb + Predicative(SVP)
Subject + Verb + Object (SVO)
Subject + Verb + Indirect object+ Direct object(SVOO)
Subject + Verb + Object + Object complement (SVOC)
Rule 1
The subject and the __________ are necessary parts of a sentence.
verb
Find the subjects and the verbs of the following sentences.
1. Your time and effort at senior high school will open
the door to your potential.
2. The path before you leads to a world full of challenges.
3. Potential can be developed when you try hard enough.
Working out the Rules
Subject
Verb
Subject
Verb
Subject
Verb
1. You will discover your potential while you develop
as a student and as a person.
2. You will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.
Rule 2:
A transitive verb is always followed by a(n) _________. Objects are usually _______ or ________.
Working out the Rules
object
nouns
pronouns
subject
verb
object
Rule 3: Some verbs can have two objects.
The indirect object usually refers to a person and the direct object a thing.
S+V+IO+DO
Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
My English teacher Ben gave me a present for my hard work.
Working out the Rules
S + V + O + OC
Do your best and make us proud.
Rule 4: The object complement adds more information about the object.
object complement
Working out the Rules
Review
I saw a cat.
I saw a cute cat.
I saw a cute cat running in the park.
I saw the white cat Bingo playing
in the park and it was naughty.
主語
賓語
謂語
主語
謂語
定語
賓語
主語
謂語
定語
賓語
賓補
狀語
主語
謂語
定語
賓語
同位語
賓補
狀語
主語
謂語
表語
Presentation
基本句型一：S +V（主＋謂）
此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。
Time flies.
The moon rose.
The man cooked.
We all eat, and drink.
Everybody laughed.
I woke very soon.
Presentation
基本句型二：S +V +P （主＋系＋表）
系動詞和表語二者缺一不可，系動詞不能單獨做謂語，有系動詞必有表語，系表結構構成復合謂語
I am a doctor .
She looks happy ．
The food tastes delicious ．
The leaves turn yellow .
Presentation
基本句型二：S +link-V +P （主＋系＋表）
系動詞，又稱連系動詞，用來連接主語和表語有些動詞既可以作系動詞，又可以作行為動詞
狀態系動詞： be 動詞，最常見的系動詞
is , am , are , was , were , have / has / had been , will / would be
感官系動詞：沒有被動語態，接形容詞作表語
look , smell , sound , feel , taste
變化系動詞：
come , run , get , grow , turn , go , become ..
持續系動詞： keep , stay , remain …
表象系動詞： appear , seem ...
Presentation
基本句型三：S +V +O（主＋謂＋賓）
此句型用以說明"某人或某物做什么事情"，謂語為及物動詞，本身不能表達完整的意思，后須跟賓語，動詞、形容詞和副詞不能作賓語。
I study English ．
I need water .
She made apizza .
I love ice cream.
Presentation
基本句型四： S + V + O + O （主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）
此句型的句子有一個共同特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。
She passed him a new dress .
She cooked her husband a delicious meal .
I showed him my pictures .
He bought her nothing .
Presentation
基本句型五： S + V + O + C （主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）
此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。
We keep the table clean .
They painted the door green .
They found the house dirty .
I saw them getting on the bus .
Presentation
句型六: S+V+A(主+謂+狀)
這個句型是在主謂結構后通過狀語對語義進行修飾補充，充當狀語的一般是副詞、介詞短語等。
She arrives early .
She left last year .
I can run in the morning .
They work hard.
Presentation
句型七:S+V+O+A (主+謂+賓+狀)
這個句型是在主謂賓結構后面通過狀語進行修飾補充。
I drive my car everyday .
The teacher lifted his head all of a sudden.
We like the film very much.
Presentation
There be句型(存現句)
There + be ＋主語＋狀語
這個句型其實屬于倒裝的一種，主語后置， there 作為引導詞，無實際意義。
There are many children in the park .
There is a sports centre in our school.
主謂賓、定狀補，主干枝葉分清楚。
主干成分主謂賓，枝葉成分定狀補。
定語必居主賓前，謂前為狀謂后補。
狀語有時位主前，逗號分開心有數。
句子成分劃分口訣
Applying the Rules
B1 Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols.
B. Applying the Rules
1. You will find (senior high) school different from (junior high) school.
2. (Your) schoolwork will be more challenging.
3. We will give you (more) independence.
4. You should listen [more carefully].
5. You can join a club.
6. (Your) teachers will help you [in (many) ways].
7. You will succeed.
B1. Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols. Use the example below to help you.
B2. Below are some tips about setting goals. Match the underlined sentences with the correct structures. Write the letters in the boxes.
c
b
d
g
e
a
f
Sentence Elements
Point out the sentence elements of the underlined part(s) of the following sentences.
1. He doesn’t have anything to do at the moment.
2. Listening to music makes me relaxed.
3. Clearly, talking to him is a mistake.
4. We should develop good study habits.
5. I felt happy because I was praised by the teacher.
6. Many students join school clubs.
7. The subject I like best is English.
Sentence Elements and Sentence Structures
1. He doesn’t have anything to do at the moment.
2. Listening to music makes me relaxed.
3. Clearly, talking to him is a mistake.
4. We should develop good study habits.
Attributive(定語）
Complement(補語)
Adverbial(狀語)
Object(賓語)
Sentence Elements and Sentence Structures
5. I felt happy because I was praised by the teacher.
6. Many students join school clubs.
7. The subject I like best is English.
Predicative(表語)
Verb(謂語)
Subject(主語)
Beginning
Setting goals is the first step in achieving them.
Main Body
Set goals that can be achieved.
Break big goals down into small ones.
Write your goals on paper.
Conclusion
After you set a goal, you …
Passage Structure:
1.________ (be)a member of my new school’s basketball team 2.______ my goal now, because basketball is my favorite sport. Besides 3.__________ (exercise) my body, I will make new acquaintances through this activity. More 4.________________(important), exercising should go hand in hand with studying, so in the new term, I hope5. _________ (have) faster and better 6.________(grow) in both my body 7. _____ my mind.
Practice
Fill in the blanks with one word or proper form of the word given.
Being
is
exercising
importantly
to have
growth
and

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