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語法總復(fù)習(xí)專題九
狀語從句
觀察下列句中的劃線部分，并說明在句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?br/>(1) Tom speaks English very fast.
(2) The scenery here is especially beautiful.
(3) The meeting is going to be held in Room 321 tomorrow morning.
(4) Arriving there, you can call me.
(5) We' ll go where the people need us.
狀語/狀語從句的定義
1.什么是狀語？
在一個句子中，用來修飾實義動詞（詞組）、形容詞（短語）、副詞或整個句子的成分，叫做狀語。
2.什么能充當(dāng)狀語？
能充當(dāng)狀語的成分包括：副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞、從句。
3.狀語的位置？
狀語的位置極其靈活，可以隨意放置在句中，但是放在句首或句末的情況居多。如果放在句首的話，通常用逗號隔開。
我在媽媽出去的時候吃了一顆蘋果。
主語
時間狀語從句
時間狀語
謂語
when my mother was out.
句子
I ate an apple yesterday.
我昨天吃了一顆蘋果。
賓語
時間狀語
狀語/狀語從句的定義
I ate an apple
我在我買蘋果的地方吃了一顆蘋果。
主語
地點狀語從句
地點狀語
謂語
where I bought it.
句子
I ate an apple at home.
我在家里吃了一顆蘋果。
賓語
地點狀語
狀語/狀語從句的定義
I ate an apple
由一個句子充當(dāng)狀語，表明謂語動作或謂語狀態(tài)發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因、條件、結(jié)果、目的、方式等情況，叫狀語從句，該句子常用連詞引導(dǎo)。
e.g. 1) He was tired for a long walk.
2) He was tired because he walked long.
3) You should take an umbralla with you in case of rain.
4) You should take an umbralla with you in case it will rain.
原因狀語
原因狀語從句
讓步狀語
讓步狀語從句
狀語/狀語從句的定義
考點1 時間狀語從句
時間狀語從句
【典例】(2020·全國卷Ⅲ) __________he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(傳奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
考查時間狀語從句的連詞
When引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，符合語境。
首先判斷是否用連詞，與定語從句要區(qū)別開來。連詞連接的往往是兩個完整的句子，其中一個用連詞連接，是狀語從句。如果其中一個句子中缺少成分，那么就是定語從句，不能用引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞。
When
when
while
as
before / after
as soon as
till/until
since
普
通
連
詞
特
殊
連
詞
the moment
the minute
the second
the instant
every/each time
next time
any time
by the time
the first time
immediately
directly
instantly
時間狀語從句
(1) 當(dāng)連詞后面從句的謂語動詞為______________,表示“__________”，when/while/as 都可以用；當(dāng)連詞后面從句的謂語動詞為____________, 只能用_______ /______。
延續(xù)性動詞
當(dāng)...時候
短暫性動詞
when as
e.g. 1) His phone rang when/while/as he was sleeping.
2) His phone rang when/as he opened his eyes.
when/while/as
(2) 在“正在做......這時突然......_____________________”以及“正要做...這時突然...________________________”句型中，只能用when。【when包含“突然”的意思】
e.g. 1) I was walking in the park when suddenly it started to rain.
2) Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.
when/while/as
be doing sth. when...
be about to do sth. when...
(3) 表示兩件事對比轉(zhuǎn)折，意為”______”，只能用while;
表示讓步關(guān)系放句首，意為”____________”，用while。
e.g. 1) I was doing the dishes while my husband was watching TV.
2) While I admit the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.
when/while/as
然而
雖然，盡管
(4) 在時間狀語從句中表示的意思為”_________________”或”__________”，只能用as。
e.g. 1) He talked as he walked along the street.
2) As time passed, things seemed to get better.
when/while/as
一邊...一邊...
隨著
(1) before“在...之前”，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前;
(2) after “在...之后”表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后;
(3) since“自從...”，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句常用一般過去時。
It is / has been + 一段時間+since從句表示“自從.......以來，已經(jīng)有多久時間了” 。
before / after / since
e.g. ① ______ they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone.
② We haven't seen each other ______ we parted.
③ I will go to play basketball ______ I finish my homework.
Before
since
after
① 我會等到他到達為止。 I will wait____________________.
② 待在這里直到我回來。Stay here______________________.
③ 直到他來了，我才完成我的作業(yè)。
I didn’t __________________________________.
till/until he arrives.
till/until I come back.
*用until/till時，主句的動詞是延續(xù)性動作，意為“某動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點才停止”。
*用not...until時，主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，意為“某動作直到某時間才開始”。
till / until直到; not (...) until...直到...才...
finish my homework until he came.
直到他來了，我才完成我的作業(yè)。
I didn’t finish my homework until he came.
(1) 當(dāng)”not until...”放句首時，主句用部分倒裝;
Not until__________________________________
(2) 當(dāng)改成強調(diào)句(即不放句首)時，不倒裝；
It was _______________________________________________
he came, did I finish my homework.
not until he came that I did finish my homework.
till / until直到; not (...) until...直到...才...
特殊連詞：一......就.......
e.g. ① I will call you as soon as I arrive.
② The minute I saw her, I fell in love.
③ No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.
④ Hardly had I stepped into the house when the phone rang.
as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely...when...和once從句中用一般時態(tài)代替將來時態(tài)。
hardly/scarcely...when...；no sooner...than... 一...就...
*固定搭配的詞要牢記 *時態(tài)要注意 *倒裝要能認(rèn)出來
原句：I had hardly played games when my mother came in.
主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時
否定詞置于句首用部分倒裝，只倒裝主句。(倒前不倒后)
倒裝：Hardly had I played games when my mother came in.
原句：I had no sooner reached the station than the train left.
倒裝：No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.
No sooner + had + sb.+ done ....... + than + sb. + did
Hardly/Scarcely + had + sb.+ done ......... + when + sb.+ did
① By the time I got to the station, the train had already left.
② He will leave for Europe every time spring comes out.
③ Next time I see him, I will tell him the news.
④ She fell in love with the city the first time she visited it.
(1) by the time 到...時為止(從句用一般過去時，主句用過去完成時）
(2) each/every/next/any time 每次/每次/下一次/任何時候
(3) the first time 第一次
含有time的名詞短語
及時鞏固
【典例2】He was about halfway through his meal _________ a familiar voice came to his ears.
【典例3】By the time he arrived, we _____________(have) our dinner.
【典例4】Hardly __________________ (he collect) the papers on his desk when the door burst open.
【典例5】________ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.
when
had had
had he collected
While
考點2 地點狀語從句
① I will go where you go.
② You can find help wherever you look for it.
③ You can go anywhere you like.
④ Everywhere he goes, people respect him.
引
導(dǎo)
詞
where 在.......地方；
anywhere 在每個（任何）地方；
wherever = no matter where 在任何地方；
everywhere 在每個地方；
地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句在句首時常兼有抽象條件意味。
Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
有志者事竟成。
Where(ver) there’s plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green. 哪里陽光雨水充足，哪里的田野就綠油油。
及時鞏固
【典例1】__________ food is hard to find, few birds remain throughout the year.
【典例2】If you are traveling _________ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.
【典例3】____________ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
Where
where
Where
考點3 原因狀語從句
(1) I didn't go out because it was raining.
because 直接原因，語氣最強
(2) As he was tired, he took a rest.
as 不談自明的原因，語氣弱，譯為“由于”
(3) It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
for 連接兩個并列句，表示推理或解釋，進行附加說明
原因狀語從句
(4) She is a great teacher in that she is very patient.
in that= because 譯為“因為”
(5) Since you have decided to go, I will support you.
since 對方已知的既成事實，譯為“既然”
(6) Now that you are here, let's start the work.
now that = since “既然”
原因狀語從句
考點4 讓步狀語從句
引 導(dǎo) 詞 although / though; even if/even though 雖然、即使、盡管
while 雖然，盡管
whether...or(not)... 不管...還是...
as 雖然，盡管
no matter wh- = wh-ever “無論...”
① 盡管在下雨，我們還是去散步了。
Although it was raining, we still went for a walk.
② 雖然年輕，但他很有才華。
Though he is young, yet he is very talented.
讓步狀語從句
1. although/though (不與but連用，可與yet, still連用)
2. even if/even though +從句，直接使用，可互換。
③ While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you.
3. while引導(dǎo)讓步狀從時常位于句首，突出主句和從句的對比。
④ Whether he is happy or not, he never shows it.
⑤ Whether it is sunny or rainy, I will go out for a run.
4. whether...or (not) 不管......還是.......
① Even though she was tired, she continued to work.
② Even if I am busy, I will attend the meeting.
① Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
倒裝：Child as he is, he knows a lot.
② Although the exam is difficult,I try my best.
倒裝：___________________________________________________
③ Though she runs fast, she can't catch up with him.
倒裝：___________________________________________________
5. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，從句語序要部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):
n.(無冠詞)/adj./adv./v. + as + 主語 + 謂語 + 其他.......
Difficult as the exam is, I try my best.
Fast as she runs, she can't catch up with him.
注意：as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句必須倒裝，though可以倒裝，although一定不能到裝。
① Whatever / No matter what you do, I support you.
② Whenever / No matter when I think of you, I feel happy.
③ Wherever / No matter where you go, I will follow.
④ Whoever leave the room ought to turn off the light.
⑤ It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
whatever/whenever/wherever/whoever/whichever/however
無論什么/無論何時/無論那里/無論誰/無論哪一個/無論怎樣
6. no matter wh-- = wh--ever “無論.......，不管......”
讓步狀語從句
及時鞏固
【典例1】We’ll have to finish the job，____________ long it takes.
【典例2】We’ll try our best to save the hero, ___________ the cost it may be.
【典例3】There are three cakes for you, you can take _____________ you like.
【典例4】I’d like to talk with ____________ is in charge of the department.
however
whatever
whichever
whoever
考點5 條件狀語從句
引 導(dǎo) 詞 if (如果) / unless(除非) 【unless = if not】
only if (只要........) / if only(要是.......就好了)
provided (that) (假如) in case(如果)
as/so long as(只要) on condition that(如果)
① We will not give the show if it rains next Monday.
② If you eat too much, you will put on weight.
③ You'll not know China unless you go closer to it.
(1) if (假如，如果）/ unless = if not (除非；如果不...)
注意“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。
條件狀語從句
(2) if only【要是......就好了，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。】
If only I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
If only she would try again.
If only I wasn’t going to London.
If only you had come to my birthday party.
I will come home only if you come with me.
You will pass the exam only if you study hard.
→ Only if you study hard ________________________
will you pass the exam.
*only+狀語放句首，句子用部分倒裝。
(3) only if 【只要/有.......，狀語從句置于句首主句用部分倒裝。】
(4) provided (that) 假如，在.......條件下
in case 如果，萬一
as/so long as 只要
on condition that 如果，條件是......
① I will go with you provided that I have enough time.
② In case he comes, let me know.
③ You can stay here as long as you keep quiet.
④ I will help you on condition that you promise to work hard.
考點6 目的狀語從句
(1) He gets up early every day in order that he can catch the first bus.
(2) I study hard so that I can pass the exam.
(3) She tiptoed lest she (should) wake up the baby.
(4) He locked the door for fear that someone (should) break in.
(5) Take an umbrella in case it (should)rain.
引
導(dǎo)
詞
in order that以便，為了；
so that 以便，為了；
lest/for fear that/in case
以免，以防 (一般用在虛擬語氣中)；
虛擬語氣表示事情并沒有真的發(fā)生；should一般沒有實際意義,可省略。
目的狀語從句
【注意】以下為目的狀語：
(1) so + 形容詞/副詞+as to do sth.“為了”
(2) in order to do sth “為了”；“目的是”
(3) in case of +名詞 / doing sth “以防；以免”
(1)他如此努力地學(xué)習(xí)為了進入一所重點大學(xué)。
He studies __________________get into a key university.
(2)為了去做那份工作，你肯定已經(jīng)辭去了另一份工。_____________take that job, you must have left another job.
(3)萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi)，我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜，盡快離開。_________fire, we should stay calm and leave as quickly as possible.
so hard as to
In order to
In case of
考點7 結(jié)果狀語從句
引導(dǎo)詞
so/such...that...如此...以至于...
so that 結(jié)果是
(1) 這個箱子如此重以至于我搬不起來。
The box __________________ I can’t lift it.
(2) 他是如此善良的一個人以至于每個人都喜歡他。
He is ______________________everyone likes him.
(3) 她努力學(xué)習(xí)，因此取得了優(yōu)異的成績。
She studied hard ___________she achieved excellent grades.
is so heavy that
such a kind person that
so that
結(jié)果狀語從句
1) He is _____ a clever boy that all of us like him.
2) They are _____ nice apples that we would like to eat them.
3) The film is _____ interesting that I want to see it again.
4) He ran _____ fast that he soon caught up with the others.
5) There is _____ little time left that we have to speed up.
6) There were _____ few students registered that the class was canceled.
such
such
so
so
so
so
【注意】so...that...與such...that...的區(qū)別：
名前such，形、副so，that從句跟在后，多多少少必用so；
特別注意是little/few，“小”用such，“少”用so。
so that 既可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句【以便，為了】，
也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句【結(jié)果是，所以】:
(1) He left early, so that he caught the train.
(2) He left early so that he could catch the train.
目的/結(jié)果狀語從句
① 語言環(huán)境 (說話人想表達的意思)
② 目的狀語從句一般有情態(tài)動詞(could/should/might)
及時鞏固
【典例1】I live in such a prosperous and stable country ________I feel a sense of pride and safety.
【典例2】He earned _____ little money that he couldn’t support his family.
【典例3】I have bought ________ a watch that was advertised on TV.
【典例4】Whitney Houston's sudden death suggests that drug abuse is such a serious problem ________ we should deal with it properly.
that
so
such
that
考點8 方式狀語從句
(1) Do in Rome as the Romans do.
(2) She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.
(3) Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.
(1) as 按照，像
(2) as if / though 好像
(3) just as 正如...
方式狀語從句
考點9 比較狀語從句
① He can run as fast _____ I can.
② She is not so weak _____ she looks.
③ He works the same _____ he used to.
as
as
as
(1) as...as... 和...一樣
(2) not so(as)...as... 和...不一樣
(3) the same as... 和...一樣
比較狀語從句
④The youth of today are better off _____ we used to be.
⑤The more careful you are, the ________ (few) mistakes you will make.
than
fewer
(4) 比較級+ than 比...更...
(5) the+比較級, the+比較級 越... 越...
比較狀語從句
考點10 狀語從句的省略
狀語從句的省略
在狀語從句(主要是時間、地點、方式和讓步狀語從句)中，如果① 從句的主語與主句的主語相一致并且 ② 含有be動詞時，
可以把從句的主語和be動詞一起省略。可以使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：if, when, while, unless, once, until, although等。
(1) While (she was) listening to the radio, she fell asleep.
(2) Once (I was) off that long street, I found myself in some very poor quarters.
(3) When (she was) leaving the house, she was heard to make some commonplace remarks to her husband.
(4) He gave good practical advice when (he was) asked.
(5) Don't say anything unless (you are) asked．
及時鞏固
【典例1】(全國卷I) Film has a much shorter history, especially when _____________(compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
考查時間狀語從句的省略
主語film是compare這個動作的受動者，所以用過去分詞表被動。故填compared。
compared
狀語從句省略后，只剩下不定式(to do)短語、現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)短語和過去分詞(done)短語，表示“將要做的事情”用不定式(to do)短語；表示“主動的動作”用現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)短語；表示“被動且完成的動作”用過去分詞(done)短語。
寫作：任意一個句子都可以增加狀語。 I am reading the book.
【加個副詞(短語)】I am reading the book diligently.
【加個時間】I am reading the book at the moment.
【加個地點】I am reading the book on the playground.
【加個原因】I am reading the book because it is so interesting and attractive.
【加個讓步狀語】Although I don’t want to study, I am reading the book .
【加個結(jié)果狀語】I am reading the book so crazily that I forget to sleep at night.
【加個目的狀語】I am reading the book in order that I can improve my grammar as quickly as possible.
【加個比較狀語】As diligently as a bee, I am reading the book.
狀語和狀語從句的應(yīng)用
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