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狀語從句
狀語從句
定義：在復合句中作狀語，修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞或副詞。
結構：從屬連詞 + 完整句子（從句） + 主句
作用：說明時間、地點、原因、條件等。
1.時間狀語從句
類別 作用 注意點 例句
when (at or during the time that)既可以表示在某一點的時候，又可表示在某一段時間內，主句與從句的動作或事情可以同時發生，也可以先后發生。 最常用的，即可引導短暫性動詞，也可引導持續性動作。從句動作發生于主句動作之前只能用 when He became sad and angry when he saw pictures of hungry people in Africa.
Whenever you find an interesting book in a bookshop,buy it at once.
while 表示“當……的時候”或在某一段時間里”。主句中的動作或狀態在從句中的動作過程或狀態中發生。在 when 表示 a period of time 時，兩者可以互換。while 強調動作本身。 從句中的動詞一 般要用延續性動詞。 While others are reading books silently, please don't speak loudly.
as 表示“當.時候”，往往和 when/while 通用，但它著重強調主句與從句的動作或事情同時或幾乎同時發生。可譯為“一邊……-邊”或“隨著……"。 主句和從句的時態通常一致。 All the jury's eyes were on himas he continued.
Before句型
It+ will/would/may be + 時間段 + before...“要過多久才…”It will/would not be +時間段+ before... “不久就…”
It will not be long before we know the result of the experiment.
It was +時間段+ before ... “過了(多長時聞)才.It was not +時間段+ before .. “不久就..”“沒過(多長時間)就.….”
It was some time before we realized the truth.
含義 注意點 例句
before 在…之前 ①有“才……"還沒來得及”的含義 before 引導的從句不用否定式的謂語 ②before 引導的從句不用否定式的謂語。 He had lived in Japan for fifty years before he moved here.
after 在…之后 before和 after還可以作為介詞用后接名詞或動名詞。 After he had lived in Japan for fifty years, he moved here.
Since句型
“lt is+一段時間+since從句”表示“自從...時候已經多久了”since引導的從句的謂語動詞若是延續性動詞，常理解為某一狀態的終止;若是終止性動詞，則理解為某一動作的開始。如:
①It is three years since the war broke out(終止性動詞)自戰爭爆發以來已有三年了。
②It is three years since lsmoked a cigar.(=since l stopped smoking a cigar.)(延續性動詞)我不吸煙已有三年了。
[ Until/Till 】
Until 和 till 都表示“直到”,它們唯一的區別是 till 不能置于句首。
肯定句:主句的謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞的肯定式，意為“某動作一直延續到某時間點才停止”。如:
He remained there until/till she arrived.
You may stay here until/till the rain stops.
否定句:主句的謂語動詞必須是非延續性動詞，意為“某動作直到某時間才開始"。如:He won't go to bed till/until she returns.
not......until 句型中的強調和倒裝用法。如:直到你告訴我，我才知道這件事。
1. 普通版: i had no idea of it until you told me./l didn't have any idea of it until youtold me.
2. 強調句型: it was not until you told me that i had any idea of it.
3. 倒裝句型: Not until you told me did l have any idea of it.(not until置于句首，主句要倒裝)
tips:在使用 not..until句型的時候，倒裝和強調不能同時使用。
一…就
(1)as soon as, immediately,directly,instantly,the moment, the minute 和the instant 都表示從句的動作已發生，主句的動作隨即就發生，常譯為“-……就…"。如:① The moment i heard the voice, l knew father was coming.② The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
(2)no sooner...than..; hardly/scarcely...when..也譯為“-…就……”但其表示主句的動作一發生，從句的動作隨即就發生。如:
① I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
② We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left
2.原因狀語從句
【含義】
在主句中充當原因狀語的從句。通常由從屬連詞 because,as,since,now that,in that 引導。其中，because 與其他連詞不同，具體如下:
【例句】
① Since you feel tired, you should take a good rest.
② As l didn't know the way,l asked a policeman.
③I was absent from the meeting because l was ill.
④ Now that everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.
⑤ This book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry andthat one about history.
此外，when(等于 since或considering that ),seeing(that)(由于，鑒于),
considering(that)(考慮到)，given(that)(考慮到)也可以表示原因，如:It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.
3.條件狀語從句
【連詞】
引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有:if，unless，so/as long as ，in case,on condition that,suppose/supposing(that),provided that 等。
【含義】
(1) 表示“如果、假如”引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。如:If you are not too tired,let's go out for a walk.
(2)unless 相當于 if not，意思是“除非...…“如果不...就.。如:
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired
(3)in case 表示“假如”。同時，它還可以引導目的狀語從句，表示“以防萬一”如:In case there is a fire,what will we do first
(4)as long as/ so long as表示“只要”。如:
As long as you don't lose heart, you will win her heart
(5)on condition that(條件是),suppose/supposing(that)(假設，如果),provided that(如果)等都可以引導條件狀語從句。如:
suppose/supposing(that) they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help
4.目的狀語從句
【連詞 】
引導目的狀語從句最常用的是 so that(從句謂語常有情態動詞),in order that,in case(以防萬一)，for fear that(以防，以免)，lest等。 如:
① You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
② He wrote the name down for fear that (lest) he whould forget it.
③ Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
注意:in order that 比 so that 更正式,引導的目的狀語從句可置于主句前后，而 so that只能跟在主句之后。
5.結果狀語從句
【連詞 】結果狀語從句由 so..that..和 such..that..等引導，意為“如此…以致于…”其結構形式為:
(1)so+形容詞/副詞 +that 從句
so + 形容詞 + a/an + 可數名詞單數形式 +that 從句
so+many/much/few/little(少)+名詞+that 從句
(2)such+ a/an + 形容詞 + 可數名詞單數形式 +that 從句
such + 形容詞 + 可數名詞復數形式/不可數名詞 +that 從句
such+ a lot of/lots of+ 名詞 + that 從句
舉例:他是一個如此誠實的工人，以至于我們都相信他。
① He is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
② He is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
6.地點狀語從句
【連詞 】(1)在復合句中充當表示地點的從句。它由從屬連詞 where，wherever 等引導。從句既在主句之前(通常為抽象意義)也可在主句之后，意為“在...地方”，““無論在…地方”
① Where he had mistakes, he admitted these willingly.
②They followed the taxi wherever it went.
(2)有時地點狀語還可以由anywhere,everywhere 引導。
① He would live with his grandmother anywhere she lived.
② Everywhere they lived, they were warmly received.
7.方式狀語從句
【連詞 】通常由(just)as,as if,as though引導。
(1)as 從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是“正如...”，“就像..”，多用于正式文體。如:Just as we sweep our rooms, we should sweep backward ideas from our minds
(2)as if,as though 兩者意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。常譯作“仿佛……似的”“好像……似的”。如:
① He looks as if(as though) he had been hit by lighting.
② It looks as if the weather may pick up(轉晴) very soon.(不用虛擬)
(3)as if/as though 也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語。如:
① He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
② He cleared his throat as if to say something.
③ He acted as if nothing had happened.
8.讓步狀語從句
(1)although，though,as
(2)everif= even though 即使。如:
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
(3)while 引導讓步狀語從句時相當于 although，一般要位于句首。如:
While llike the color,i don't like the shape.(4)no matter+疑問詞 =疑問詞-ever
含義為“……都…;不管…都…”，所引導的讓步狀語從句可以互換。如:No matter what happened, he would not nind.=Whatever happened,he would not mind.
9.比較狀語從句
【連詞 】比較狀語從句常用“比較級+than’rthe more ... the more'等引導。“so(as)... as”如:
①l have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
② He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.
③ The busier he is, the happier he feels.
As·as 結構中若想加名詞，應為:
(1)as+形容詞+(名詞結構，即冠詞+名詞)+as
(2)as much+不可數名詞+as
(3)as many+復數名詞+as
如:
① She is as good a teacher as her mother
②You've made as many mistakes as l have.
③l haven't got as much money as l thought.
練習題
一、選出正確連詞填空
1. ______ I finish my homework, I can’t play video games. (Unless/Although)
2. She cried ______ she heard the bad news. (because/so that)
3. ______ you practice daily, your English will improve. (If/Until)
4. He spoke loudly ______ everyone could hear. (while/so that)
5. ______ it was raining, we still went hiking. (Because/Although)
答案與解析
1. Unless（條件：不完成作業就不能玩）
2. because（原因：聽到壞消息而哭）
3. If（條件：如果練習就會進步）
4. so that（目的：大聲說話是為了讓人聽到）
5. Although（讓步：盡管下雨仍去徒步）
二、選擇最佳連詞（注意近義連詞區別）
1 ______ I was cooking, the doorbell rang. (While/As soon as)
2. ______ she studies hard, she will pass the exam. (Unless/As long as)
3. He acted ______ he knew nothing. (so that/as if)
4. ______ you go, keep your phone charged. (Wherever/Whereas)
5. I’ll call you ______ I arrive at the airport. (until/when)
答案與解析
1. While（持續動作“做飯”被門鈴打斷）
2. As long as（只要努力學習就能通過）
3. as if（方式：裝作不知情的樣子）
4. Wherever（地點：無論去哪里）
5. when（時間：到達機場時打電話）
三、糾正句子中的錯誤（每句有1處連詞或時態錯誤）
1. She will be happy if you will come to her party.
2. Because he was tired, so he went to bed early.
3. I can’t sleep unless the light is off. (邏輯錯誤)
4. He talks like he is the boss. (正式語法語境)
5. Although it’s expensive, but I bought it.
答案與解析
1. if you come（條件從句用一般現在時表將來）
2. 刪除Because或so（二者不可連用）
3. unless → if（原句邏輯反了：“除非關燈我才能睡”→應改為“如果開燈我就睡不著”）
4. like → as if（正式語法中需用as if引導方式狀語）
5. 刪除but（although不與but連用）
四、用括號所給連詞合并兩個句子
1. He missed the bus. He woke up late. (because)
2. It might rain. Take an umbrella. (in case)
3. She was sick. She attended the meeting. (even though)
4. You heat ice. It melts. (when)
5. The room is small. It feels cozy. (although)
答案示例
1. He missed the bus because he woke up late.
2. Take an umbrella in case it rains.
3. Even though she was sick, she attended the meeting.
4. When you heat ice, it melts.
5. Although the room is small, it feels cozy.
五、根據上下文補全狀語從句
1. I always keep a first-aid kit in my car ______ (目的：應對緊急情況).
2. ______ (條件：沒有你的幫助), I couldn’t have finished this project.
3. The movie was ______ scary ______ (結果：我不敢閉眼).
4. ______ (時間：她一出機場), we recognized her immediately.
5. ______ (讓步：盡管風險很高), they decided to invest.
答案示例
1. in case there is an emergency
2. If you hadn’t helped me（虛擬語氣）
3. so...that I couldn’t close my eyes
4. As soon as she stepped out of the airport
5. Even though the risk was high
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