資源簡介

(共48張PPT)
Analysis of long and difficult sentences
Pre-topic:
1. What are the five basic sentence patterns in English
2. According to the structure, how many types can English sentences be divided into
1. What are the five basic sentence patterns in English
1. S+V Mrs. Wang comes.
2. S+V+O We love Mrs. Wang.
3. S+Linking V+ Pred Mrs. Wang is beautiful.
4. S+V+O1+O2 She gave me a key.
5. S+V+O+OC She made the room clean.
2. According to the structure, how many types can English sentences be divided into
1. Simple sentence: 5
2. Compound sentence: S+ S (and, so, or, but, yet, while, for)
3. Complex sentence: Main S +clause
Attributive clause
Noun clauses
Adverbial clauses 9
I. Starter
1. No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. （2024高考I卷E）
沒有編輯可能會(huì)容忍一個(gè)不愿費(fèi)心將單詞拼寫正確的作家。
2. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. （2022高考I卷）
were to increase
I. Starter
3. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. (2024高考I卷C)
然而，心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)證明，當(dāng)成年人閱讀新聞故事時(shí)，他們記住的內(nèi)容比聆聽或觀看相同的新聞內(nèi)容時(shí)記下來的更多。
4. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. (2024高考I卷D)
這是有道理的，因?yàn)橥ㄟ^移動(dòng)設(shè)備獲取生物多樣性觀察數(shù)據(jù)的人往往是公民科學(xué)家，他們記錄了在附近地區(qū)遇到的物種。
II. Main Courses
CONTENTS
長難句初體驗(yàn)
01
長難句策略及練習(xí)
02
高考中的運(yùn)用
03
PART ONE 長難句初體驗(yàn)
Mrs. A is an excellent teacher.
Energetic and full of passion, Mrs. A is an excellent teacher.
(adjective phrase形容詞短語)
Energetic and full of passion, Mrs. A is an excellent teacher, always spending much time accompanying students in class 10.
(non-predicate非謂語)
Energetic and full of passion, Mrs. A is an excellent teacher, always spending much time accompanying students in class 10, whose goal is to help them to be admitted into their dream college.
(clause從句)
Let’s play a guessing game! (Please Guess who she is.)
(trunk主干)
modifiers
What makes a sentence complex
非謂語動(dòng)詞
形容詞、副詞 、介詞短語
同位語、插入語
從句

修飾語
介詞短語
從句
非謂語動(dòng)詞
形容詞
副詞
同位語
插入語
并列結(jié)構(gòu)
leaves
trunk
branches
The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help their patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (21 新高考全國Ι卷)
How can we understand a long and difficult sentence
1. 劃出句子主干(主謂) trunk 謂語動(dòng)詞有什么特點(diǎn)
2. 括起修飾成分 撥開枝葉減少干擾
3. 圈出句中連詞 根據(jù)連詞確定從句類型
4. 理順邏輯讀懂句意 注意英漢差異：后置定語
理清句子主干和附屬成分之間邏輯關(guān)系
一劃 (二括/圈) “三會(huì)意”
branches
(leaves)
Conclusion小結(jié)
A difficult sentence
1. trunk(主干部分)
2. modifiers
修飾語部分
非謂語動(dòng)詞
形容詞、副詞 、介詞短語
同位語、插入語
從句
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
I was rooted to the spot, tears of fear mixed with rain streaming down my face.
Complex sentence復(fù)合句
Simple sentence簡單句
Compound sentence并列句
A
B
C
Category
PART TWO 長難句種類
Schools across China are expected to hire 50000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, (to help reduce unemployment pressures).
A
Trunk : Schools are expected to hire graduates. 簡單句
(
)
(
)
Simple sentence簡單句
non-predicate （非謂語）
In the 1970s he was a surgeon(外科醫(yī)生) at Yale, had a wonderful life and five beautiful children, but he was terribly unhappy.
B
本句為____ 個(gè)并列句；連詞是______
(
)
(
)
Compound sentence并列句
3
but
That引導(dǎo)的________從句中，包含______引導(dǎo)
的時(shí)間狀語從句。
并列句和主從復(fù)合句并存
C
I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as our earth’s population grows and we use more of our nonrenewable(非再生的) resources, our children may have to lead poorer lives.
Complex sentence復(fù)合句
(
)
(
)
同位語
as
clause （同位語從句）
我不能總是生活在對(duì)這種可能性的憂慮中：隨著地球上人口的不斷增長，我們正在消耗掉越來越多的非再生資源，我們的孩子可能不得不過著更加貧窮的生活。
1. 確定句子種類(category)
How to make good analysis of a long sentence. (4 steps )
PART 3 長難句分析策略
2. 一劃 ___________
3. 二括 ( )
4. 三會(huì)意
簡單句
并列句
復(fù)合句
trunk主干
modifier修飾語
Prepositional
Phrase介詞短語
Non-predicate verb
非謂語
Clause從句
Practice makes perfect!
Competition (Group Work)
10 points
20 points
30 points
Read the following sentences first, and then
analyze the sentences in groups.
Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.
【句式分析】本句是_________句，主干是_________________________。修飾語包括三個(gè)非謂語短語：__________，________，和__________。
【句子翻譯】當(dāng)自豪地閱讀我寫得內(nèi)容的時(shí)，我環(huán)顧整個(gè)房間，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我的同學(xué)笑得眼淚都要流出來了。
Practice (10 points)
一劃，二括，三會(huì)意
)
(
)
(
)
(
簡單
reading
to find
bearing
I glanced around the room
The Olympic spirit -- the spirit of competition which
emphasizes taking part rather winning – has been violated
by the desire to succeed at all costs.
【句式分析】本句是______句，主干為______________________________ 其余部分皆為_________。which引導(dǎo)___________，修飾先行詞_______, to succeed修飾________。
【句子翻譯】奧林匹克精神—強(qiáng)調(diào)參與而不是取勝的競技精神– 已經(jīng)被為成功而不惜一切代價(jià)的愿望所褻瀆。
一劃，二括，三會(huì)意
Practice (10 points)
)
(
)
(
復(fù)合
定語從句
spirit
desire
侵犯,褻瀆
修飾語
同位語
The Olympic spirit has been violated
Beds that are too small, shower heads(淋浴噴頭) that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room（腿部空間）all make life difficult for those of above average height.
一劃，二括，三會(huì)意
Practice (20 points)
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
【句式分析】本句是______句，謂語動(dòng)詞是______，主語是_____，第一個(gè)that從句修飾______，第二個(gè)that從句修飾______________，with結(jié)構(gòu)修飾_________________。
【句子翻譯】太小的床，太低的淋浴噴頭，幾乎沒有腿部空間的餐廳桌子，都讓那些身高高于平均水平的人的生活變得艱難。
復(fù)合
make
shower heads
restaurant tables
beds
【句式分析】本句是______句，連詞為____。第一個(gè)分句是____________， 第二個(gè)分句是____________。修飾語有___，___，___。suitable for living修飾_______, to go further into space修飾______ 。句中運(yùn)用了__________ 時(shí)態(tài)。
【句子翻譯】到本世紀(jì)末，我們將會(huì)在太陽系中發(fā)現(xiàn)其他適合人類居住的星球，并將發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行更遠(yuǎn)空間探索的方法。
By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.
一劃，二括，三會(huì)意
)
(
)
(
Practice (20 points)
并列
)
(
將來完成
ways
and
places
we will have ...
we will have ...
The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.
一劃，二括，三會(huì)意
【句式分析】本句包含了特殊句式___________________________，主干是___________________, who引導(dǎo)的從句修飾________。
【句子翻譯】年輕人越接觸經(jīng)濟(jì)問題，越早地了解這些問題，他們就更有可能成為有責(zé)任感的、早作打算的成年人，能夠有信心地、有效地管理自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題。
)
(
Practice (30 points)
the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)
adults
As their world expanded, (she said), children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”. (2017江蘇卷D)
一劃，二括，三會(huì)意
【句式分析】本句是______ 句，主干是__________。that引導(dǎo)的是_______ 從句，修飾______。從句主干是______，后面三個(gè)介詞短語的關(guān)系是______關(guān)系。
【句子翻譯】隨著他們的世界的擴(kuò)張，孩子們把自己跟網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的其它人，用一種對(duì)自我認(rèn)同、自信心和自我發(fā)展能力都具有極大破壞力的方式進(jìn)行比較。
)
(
Practice (30 points)
復(fù)合
)
(
定語
way
并列
PART FOUR
長難句在高考中的運(yùn)用
(2023新課標(biāo)I卷C30題)In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.① You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.②
What is presented in the final chapter of part one
Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
①在這樣做的過程中，我將借鑒我在2018年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中，1600多人同意進(jìn)行數(shù)字清理。
②您將聽到這些參與者的故事，并了解哪些策略對(duì)他們有效，以及他們遇到的哪些陷阱您應(yīng)該避免。
10 Points
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect. (2014年全國一卷閱讀D篇)
)
(
)
(
(
(
)
)
(
)
B
1
Many scholars are making efforts to ______.
A. promote global languages
B. rescue the disappearing languages
C. search for languages communities
D. set up languages research organizations
2. Back in 1983, as two scientists reported, young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(2017年全國二卷)
What does a plant do when it is under attack
A. It makes noise.
B. It gets help from other plants.
C. It stands quietly.
D. It sends out certain chemicals.
10 Points
D
3. Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency(貨幣) of power in the new century.”
What is Fried’s attitude towards America’s future _______
A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful.
C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant.
弗里德曼指出，綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)是保持美國實(shí)力的機(jī)會(huì)。“設(shè)計(jì)、制造和出口綠色技術(shù)以生產(chǎn)清潔的水、清潔的空氣和健康豐富的食物的能力將成為新世紀(jì)的權(quán)力貨幣。
20 Points
C
4. In order to pass the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to ______ what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives. (2018全國卷1)
A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare
10 Points
apply
5. I think the faith that everyone has shown _33___ him
has touched him.
A. of B. at C. for D. in
10 Points
in
everyone has shown faith in him
6. This trend, which was started by the medical community（醫(yī)學(xué)界） 61____ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
(2017全國卷1語法填空)
30 Points
as
effects
7. In his first years of high school, he would look pityingly at music students, __1__ across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, and turning up at school for practice hours before anyone else had to be there. (2017年江蘇卷完形填空)
A. traveling B. marching C. pacing D. struggling
20 Points
D
8. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66___________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (2018全國卷)
30 Points
which/that
(
)
30 Points
9. What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can’t help wondering how hard it 61_ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain , still it highlights the whole adventure 62 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your_63_( ache) legs. (2021高考I卷）
(
(
)
)
61.was 62.and 63.aching
10.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government 68 ______ (start) a soil-testing program 69_________ __ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
30 Points
(
)
started
which/that
(
)
1. 確定句子種類(category)
How to make good analysis of a long sentence. (4 steps )
Consolidation
2. 一劃 ___________
3. 二括 ( )
4. 三會(huì)意
簡單句
并列句
復(fù)合句
trunk主干
modifier修飾語
Prepositional
Phrase介詞短語
Non-predicate verb
非謂語
Clause從句
III.Dessert
1. “Interestingly, the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are also making deeper toot systems,” said lead author Johannes Scharwies. “One idea is ______ if the plant doesn’t waste time growing root branches into places where it doesn’t find any water and nutrients, then it has more energy to grow deeper down ______ water is more likely.” (2025武漢市二調(diào)）
2. Being angry all the time is bad news for individuals and organisations alike, but so _____ (be) being hugely satisfied by everything all the time. (English Weekly Issue18)
3. Community and environmental groups near the petrochemical (石化產(chǎn)品) plants have long argued that it is unfair _____ places such as the Houston shipping channel, the upper Ohio Valley and the area near the church in southern Louisiana known as “Cancer Alley” have high concentrations of polluting petrochemical facilities in neighborhoods that are economically and politically ignored.
4. In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代碼) ______ powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. (2024新課標(biāo)II卷）
5. _64_____ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language _65_____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” (2024新課標(biāo)II卷）
6. The severe weather has caused transportation disruptions and multiple trainservices have been suspended, with the capital’s two airports _______ (cancel) a combined nearly 700 flights by early afternoon.
7. (人教XB4-U1) When it comes to games, 2017 became a year ______ which AI defeated humans in so many games that AI researchers say that it will not be long ________ AI can win at almost every thing.
8. (人教XB4-U2)Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture,________ many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants.
9.(外研XB2-U1) I assumed I’d already have a well-paid job and that I’d be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18, _____ how wrong I was!
10. I would not have made such tremendous progress hadn’t it been _____her timely help.
1. “Interestingly, the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are also making deeper toot systems,” said lead author Johannes Scharwies. “One idea is ______ if the plant doesn’t waste time growing root branches into places where it doesn’t find any water and nutrients, then it has more energy to grow deeper down ______ water is more likely.” (2025武漢市二調(diào)）
“有趣的是，那些更擅長感知水位的植物也在形成更深的根系系統(tǒng)，”第一作者約翰內(nèi)斯·沙爾維茨說。“一個(gè)想法是，如果植物不浪費(fèi)時(shí)間將根分支生長到它找不到任何水和營養(yǎng)的地方，那么它就有更多的能量在更深處生長，那里更有可能找到水。”
where
that
2. Being angry all the time is bad news for individuals and organisations alike, but so _____ (be) being hugely satisfied by everything all the time. (English Weekly Issue18)
一直生氣對(duì)個(gè)人和組織來說都是壞消息，但一直對(duì)一切都感到極度滿意也是如此。
is
that
3. Community and environmental groups near the petrochemical (石化產(chǎn)品) plants have long argued that it is unfair _____ places such as the Houston shipping channel, the upper Ohio Valley and the area near the church in southern Louisiana known as “Cancer Alley” have high concentrations of polluting petrochemical facilities in neighborhoods that are economically and politically ignored.
石化廠附近的社區(qū)和環(huán)境團(tuán)體長期以來一直認(rèn)為，休斯頓航運(yùn)通道、上俄亥俄河谷和路易斯安那州南部靠近教堂的地區(qū)（被稱為“癌癥巷”）等地方在經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治上被忽視，但在這些社區(qū)中，污染嚴(yán)重的石化設(shè)施集中分布，這是不公平的。
4. In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代碼) ______ powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. (2024新課標(biāo)II卷）
（如果）落入錯(cuò)誤的人手中，這樣一本書可能會(huì)像為 AI 提供動(dòng)力的計(jì)算機(jī)代碼 一樣復(fù)雜，但值得慶幸的是，Campbell 擁有二十多年的專業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，將令人陶醉的東西轉(zhuǎn)化為可理解的東西。
解刨長難句：主句+but轉(zhuǎn)折句+非謂語（translating）
that
5. _64_______ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language _65_______ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” (2024新課標(biāo)II卷）
回憶起在上海觀看莎士比亞戲劇《理查三世》的中國戲曲版，并會(huì)見了幾年前來到斯特拉特福演出《牡丹亭》部分的中國演員，埃德蒙森說：“聽到中文，看到唐人的戲劇是如何演出的，真是令人興奮。
解刨長難句：非謂語（Recalling doing）+定語從句（先行詞為actors）+主句+how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（see how）
Recalling
and
6. The severe weather has caused transportation disruptions and multiple trainservices have been suspended, with the capital’s two airports ____________ (cancel) a combined nearly 700 flights by early afternoon.
此次強(qiáng)風(fēng)天氣導(dǎo)致交通系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)延誤,多條鐵路線路采取臨時(shí)停運(yùn)措施，截至午間，北京兩座機(jī)場已有近700架次進(jìn)出港航班取消。
cancel(l)ing
7. (人教XB4-U1) When it comes to games, 2017 became a year ____ which AI defeated humans in so many games that AI researchers say that it will not be long ________ AI can win at almost everything.
8. (人教XB4-U2)Alhough the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, _____ many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants.
9.(外研XB2-U1 )I assumed I’d already have a well-paid job and that I’d be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18, _____how wrong I was!
10. I would not have made such tremendous progress hadn’t it been _____ her timely help.
in
before
with
but
for
Thank you for your time!

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