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英語五大基本句型/簡單句
英語五大基本句型
You come. 你來。
I love you. 我愛你。
I give you my heart. 我把心給你。
You make me happy. 你讓我快樂。
You are my everything. 你是我的一切。
總結：英語句子有以下嚴格要求：1.必須有__________；2.必須有有__________；3.要能表達__________，若意思不完整則需要在主語和謂語動詞后添加其他補充成分如表語/賓語/賓補。
主語
謂語
一個完整的意思
主謂
主謂+賓
主謂+間賓直賓
主謂+賓+賓補
主系+表
英語五種基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋謂）
基本句型二： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋謂＋賓）
基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +DＯ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）
基本句型五： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）
句型一Ｓ +Ｖ（主＋謂）
此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。
這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。
The girl sings beautifully. 主 謂
Detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. 主 謂
The accident happened when she was crossing the street.
常見的不及物動詞
come ,arrive ,ran ,die ,appear ,matter , count ,happen ,live ,rise ,agree ,sink ,
arise ,succeed ,sigh,scream ,disagree , lie…..
短語:die out,take place,break out ,come up, turn up, grow up,settle down
Ｓ Ｖ （不及物動詞）
1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.They flies.
rose.
cooked.
eat, and drink.
laughed.
woke.
talked for half an hour.
walked yesterday
is playing
have gone
句型一 Ｓ +Ｖ（主＋謂）
句型二
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞.
基本句型（三）：S十V十P （主系表結構）
This is a good story and it sounds very interesting.
主 系 表 主 系 表
此句型中謂語動詞需用系動詞，表語用來說明主語的特征、狀態(tài)、類屬、身份等。
（一）常見的連系動詞(熟練背誦)：
be 動詞：am/is/are/was/were/have been/will be... （是…）+各種表語
感官系動詞：look/sound/taste/smell/feel（…起來）+adj.
變化系動詞：become (old/a doctor) /get(angry) /grow/go(bad) /turn(yellow) /come(true)(變得...)
保持系動詞：keep/stay/remain（保持...）+adj.
表象系動詞：seem/appear/look(看起來...)+adj.
終止系動詞: prove, turn out
（二）充當表語的可以是：名詞，形容詞，介詞短語，從句, 非謂語動詞等
Ｓ Ｖ（是系動詞） Ｐ(表語)
1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells fell looks is is became turned an English dictionary.
good.
happy.
different.
tall and strong.
interesting.
warmer.
red.
句型二 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
句型三
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）
此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。
Ｓ Ｖ（實義動詞） Ｏ(賓語)
1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laughed at understands made ate likes want said the answer
her.
English.
cakes.
some apples.
donuts.
to have a cup of tea.
"Good morning."
句型三 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）
句型四
Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）
此句型的句子有一個共同特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。
通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接，當動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時，這一介詞往往被省略。
Ｓ Ｖ（及物） ｏ（多指人） Ｏ（多指物）
1. She 2. She 3. She 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed him us husband you her him him me a new dress.
a delicious meal.
a dictionary.
nothing.
my pictures.
a hand.
how to run the machine.
that the bus was late.
句型四 Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）
可跟雙賓語的動詞有
1.choose ,call ,make ,buy ,find ,order ,leave
do ,pick ,book ….. (可改成用for)
My father bought me a new bike.
改為：My father bought a new bike for me.
2.pass ,give ,show ,lend ,send ,hand ,offer ,tell ,explain ,introduce ,sell…. (可改用to)
She passed me some milk.
改為：She passed some milk to me.
句型 五
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）
此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。
Ｓ Ｖ（及物） Ｏ（賓語） Ｃ（賓補）
1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.
green.
dinner.
dirty.
sad
out.
to come back soon.
getting on the bus.
句型五 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）
常見的接賓語補語的詞
使役動詞類 have ,let ,make ,get ,keep ,leave ,cause
其他： need ,order ,advise ,suggest ,command,
see ,watch ,observe , notice ,hear ,feel
expect ,wish , tell ,prefer ,inspire ,encourage,
permit ,intend……..
雙賓語及一人一物，都與主語發(fā)生聯(lián)系
如give sb sth, buy sb sth,pass sb sth 等，
I gave him a pen.
賓補是回答賓語怎么樣了的句子成分，賓補動作是由賓語發(fā)出的，與主語無關。感官動詞和使役動詞后常接賓補.
如:
Mother asked me to buy some sugar.
We made him monitor.
I heard her singing.
★不同的動詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學習動詞時，應掌握動詞的類型。以 get 為例：
1.He got angry.
2.He got through the window.
3.You'll get a surprise.
4.He got his shoes and socks wet.
5.He got her a splendid present.
主 + 系 + 表
主 + 謂 + 賓
主 + 謂 + 賓
主+謂+賓+賓補
主 + 謂 +間賓 +直賓
綜合練習
翻譯練習
1. 大雨在三分鐘前停了。
2. 學英語對國外旅游是很有幫助的。
3. 她有意見白墻紅磚(brick) ，帶泳池的別墅(villa)。
4. 我在回家的路上給他看了兩張照片。
5. 請保持教室干凈整潔。
1.事故是昨天發(fā)生的。
2.我們已經(jīng)在這個城市里生活了十年。
3.剛才他看上去有些焦急。
4.這棵樹比以前長得高多了。
The accident happened yesderday.
We have lived in the city for ten years.
He looked worried just now.
The tree has grown much taller than before.
提升練習
5.他打算在即將到來的五一外出旅游。
6.他爸爸給他買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。
7. 他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。
8. 老板讓他整天做那項工作。
He plans to travel in the coming May Day.
Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
His father told me not to play in the street.
The boss made him do the work all day.
5.他打算在即將到來的五一外出旅游。
6.他爸爸給他買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。
7. 他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。
8. 老板讓他整天做那項工作。
He plans to travel in the coming May Day.
Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
His father told me not to play in the street.
The boss made him do the work all day.
翻譯練習：
今晚沒有會。
There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.
2. 這個村子過去只有一口井。
There was only a well in the village.
3. 這個學校有一名音樂老師和一名美術老師。
There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.
英語五種基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋謂）
基本句型二： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋謂＋賓）
基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +DＯ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）
基本句型五： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）
1.I find him a reliable man.
2.Great man never die.
3.We are looking forward to you coming.
4.I don’t think that you are right.
5.I will find you a good chance.
6.The milk went sour.
7.The pen writes well.
8. The problem is that we can’t find more information.
9. don’t make the boy crying.
10. The weather continued windy.
S+V+O+C
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+O
S+V+IO+O
S+V+P
S+V
S+V+P
S+V+O+C
S+V+P
7.He kept me a dictionary.
主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語
8.Shall I leave you the camera
主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語
9. We find the book very interesting.
主+謂+賓+賓補
10.My uncle bought me an e-dictionary.
主+謂+間接賓語+直賓
11.Singing makes me happy.
主+謂+賓+賓補
12.Daming calls his cat Mimi .
主+謂+賓+賓補
13.You must listen to her.
主+謂+賓
14.He is a scientist.
主+系+表
根據(jù)所學知識，分析句子結構
1.They work hard.
主 + 謂
2.The flower is dead.
主 + 系 + 表
3.Plants need water.
主 + 謂 + 賓
4.He gives me some seeds.
主 + 謂 + 直賓 + 間賓
5.We should keep the plants in the shade.
主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補
6.Many animals live in trees.
主 + 謂
一、基本句型一： S十V （主謂結構）
翻譯練習
1. 他從早到晚努力工作。
2. 我目前生活在北京。
3. 事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。
4. 自從2010年以來成都發(fā)生了很大的變化。
5. 比賽將于6月10日下午在我們學校禮堂舉行。（2019全國2卷）
He works (hard) (from morning to night).
I am living (in Beijing)(now ).
The accident happened (last night).
Cheng du has changed (a lot) (since 2010).
The competition will take place (in the school hall) (on the morning of June 10).
基本句型（三）：S十V十P （主系表結構）
翻譯練習
1. 我是李華，我們學校排球隊的隊長。
2. 我父母都是英語教師。
3.經(jīng)常鍛煉，平衡飲食有益健康。
4.地震期間你應保持冷靜。
5.我們報紙的“外國文化”欄目非常受我們學生的歡迎。（2016全國1卷）
I’m Li Hua, (a high school student from China).
My parents are both English teachers.
Doing exercise regularlyand keeping a balanced diet are good (for our health).
You should keep calm (during the earthquake).
The “Foreign culture” section (in our newspaper) is very popular (among us students).
基本句型二： S十V十O （主謂賓結構）
翻譯練習
1.我們每天有八節(jié)課。
2.我想跟你一起去看足球賽。
3.昨天在商場，我們遇到了一群外國人。
4.我相信你將會在這里度過一個愉快的假期。
5.我們學校將于下周五上午在學校禮堂舉行音樂節(jié)。（2019全國3卷）
We have eight classes (every day).
I want to watch the football match (with you).
We came across/met a group of foreigners (in the shopping mall)(yesterday).
I believe (that) you will have/spend a happy/pleasant holiday here.
Our school will hold Music Festival at the school hall this Friday morning.
基本句型二： S十V十O （主謂賓結構）
翻譯練習
1.我們每天有八節(jié)課。
2.我想跟你一起去看足球賽。
3.昨天在商場，我們遇到了一群外國人。
4.我相信你將會在這里度過一個愉快的假期。
5.我們學校將于下周五上午在學校禮堂舉行音樂節(jié)。（2019全國3卷）
We have eight classes (every day).
I want to watch the football match (with you).
We came across/met a group of foreigners (in the shopping mall)(yesterday).
I believe (that) you will have/spend a happy/pleasant holiday here.
Our school will hold Music Festival at the school hall this Friday morning.
基本句型（四）：S十V十Oi+Od （主謂+間賓+直賓）
翻譯練習
1.他向我們提供了大量的食物和水。
2.他們定期給我們發(fā)來郵件。
3. 我媽媽給我做了頓大餐來慶祝我的勝利。
4.希望我能提供給你一些有用的建議。
5.你上次給我展示過一些有關這個主題的照片。（2016全國2卷）
He offered us plenty of food and water.
They send us emails (regularly).
My mom cooked me a big meal (to celebrate my victory).
I hope (that) I can offer you some helpful suggestions
You showed us some photos (about the theme).
基本句型（五）：S十V十O+Oc （主謂賓+賓補）
翻譯練習
1.我們選(elect)他當班長。
2.我們必須保持我們的教室干凈整潔。
3.我想讓你加入我們學校的乒乓球隊。
4.我聽到她剛剛在教室開心地唱歌。
5.我認為寫英語日記很有用。
I would like/want you to join our school’s table tennis team.
I think it useful to keep an English diary.
we elect him monitor.
we must keep ourclassroom clean and tidy.
we heard her singing happily just now.
Two boys need two pens.
His name is Tom.
The boy in blue is Tom.
The boy there needs a pen.
The boy needs a ball pen.
There is nothing to do today.
The pen bought by her is made in China.
The boy you will know is Tom.
一、 定語：
二、狀語：
--The boy needs a pen now.
--The boy needs a pen very much. --In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.
--On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.
--Frightened, he sits there soundlessly.
-- The boy needs a pen to do his homework.
--Even if she laughs at him, he adores her.
1.You will tell （your） friend that you’ve got to school.
2. But [as the moon gave far too much light], I didn’t
dare open a window.
3. [Another time five months ago], I happened to be
Upstairs [at dusk] (when the window was open).
4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thundering
Clouds held me [entirely] in their power.
主語
謂語
間賓
定語
直接賓語
原因狀語
主語
謂語
賓語
時間狀語
主語
謂語
賓語
時間狀語
主 語
定語
謂語
賓語
賓語補語

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