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語法總復習專題十
名詞性從句
主語/賓語從句
1. That she likes the pig surprises us.
整個句子作主語
位置：
謂語動詞之前
2. She claims that she likes the pig.
整個句子作賓語
位置：
及物動詞和介詞之后
賓語從句
主語從句
表語/同位語從句
3. The fact is that she likes the pig.
整個句子作表語
位置：
系動詞之后
4. I know the fact that she likes the pig.
整個句子作同位語
位置：
抽象名詞之后
同位語從句
表語從句
抽象名詞需解釋說明
1. 定義：由連接詞引導，在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句 ( Noun Clauses)。它在復合句中能充當_______、_______ 、_______、_______等成分。
主語
表語
名詞性從句
賓語
同位語
2. 位置：
謂語動詞/介詞
抽象名詞
系動詞
主語從句
表語從句
賓語從句
同位語從句
fact / news / idea / truth / hope等
考查名詞性從句的連接詞
1. 從屬連詞: that, whether/if(是否), as if/though(好像)
2. 連接代詞: what(ever), which(ever),
who(ever), whom(ever), whose
3. 連接副詞: how, when(ever), where(ver), why
連接詞選擇
不充當成分，不可省略
充當主賓表定，不可省略
充當狀語，不可省略
★ 注意：
1. That 在賓語從句中可以省略。
2. If 不能引導表語從句和同位語從句。
3. As though/if ;because 只在表語從句作引導詞。
考點1 主語從句
考點1 主語從句
1. Jane works hard.
2. You are a student.
3. The old should be respected.
4. Smoking is bad for you.
5. To find your way can be a problem.
6. What she said is not yet known.
7. It is a pity that you didn’t see him.
主語從句作主語
名詞作主語
代詞作主語
形容詞作主語
動名詞作主語
主語從句作主語
動詞不定式作主語
★結論：
主語：句子說明的人或事物，一般放在______。
主語從句：在主從復合句中，充當________的從句。
句首
主語
主語從句太長怎么辦？
That all countries work together is important.
用一個 It 來解決問題！
It is important that all countries work together.
一般來說主語從句都是放在句首，但有時為了使句子結構平衡，避免頭重腳輕現象，用it做_________，而把從句放在后面充當___________。
真正的主語
形式主語
1. That the earth moves around the sun is well known.
= It is well known that the earth moves around the sun.
2. That she has made such a mistake is a pity .
= It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
3. Whether he'll come here isn't clear.
= It isn't clear whether/if he'll come here.
1. That the earth moves around the sun is well known.
= It is well known that the earth moves around the sun.
2. That she has made such a mistake is a pity .
= It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
3. Whether he'll come here isn't clear.
= It isn't clear whether/if he'll come here.
10
It作形式主語
注意：主語從句位于句首時, 不能用if 引導, 主語從句后置時, 才可以用if引導。
11
It作形式主語
It + be + 形容詞【necessary/likely/important/certain等】 + that 從句
It + be +名詞(詞組) 【a pity/a shame/no wonder等】+ that 從句
It + be +過去分詞【said/told/reported等】+ that 從句
It + 不及物動詞(短語)【seem, appear, happen, matter等】+ that從句
It is important that we (should) protect the environment.
保護環境很重要。
It is suggested that he (should) take a break from work.
建議他應該暫停工作休息下。
當形容詞為important, necessary, strange等或過去分詞為suggested, requested, desired等時，從句中的謂語動詞用虛擬語氣“(should)+動詞原形”。
考點1 主語從句
易錯提醒
(1) that引導主語從句，雖不充當成分，無意義，但一般不省略。
That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.
That smoking is harmful to health is known to everyone.
(2) whether與if引導主語從句的區別：
主語從句位于主句的謂語動詞前，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不能用if引導；若用it作形式主語，則if與whether可互換。
Whether life exists on other planets is not clear yet.
It is still doubtful whether/if she will play the role.
例句： He has told me _____ he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
名詞性從句解題技巧
一判
二缺（缺什么成分）
三意（結合句意）
that
賓語從句
括從句，看位置，判斷從句類型
翻譯句子，確定連接詞（根據語境，缺啥補啥）
不缺意義：that
是否:whether
“缺什么補什么”
高考鏈接
【典例】(2021·新課標I卷)_____________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
What
考查主語從句
考查主語從句。句意為：這段經歷讓人嘆為觀止的是那些超凡脫俗的場景。引導主語從句，在從句中作主語，表示"……的東西"，故填What.
what & that的用法：
that是從屬連詞，在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分，也沒有任何意義。而what是連接代詞，在名詞性從句中充當成分，通常充當主語、賓語或表語。
考點2 賓語從句
考點2 賓語從句
1. 定義：從句在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞之后。
We know Mr. Green teaches English.
She asked if these answers were right.
He said (that) life was better than before.
★ 注：that引導賓語從句時經常省略。
連接詞 意義 功能
從屬 連詞 that 無意義 不充當成分
whether/if 是否 不充當成分
連 接 代 詞 who(ever) （無論）誰 主語、賓語、表語
whom 誰 賓語
whose 誰的 定語
what（ever） （無論）什么，所...的 主語、賓語、表語、定語
which（ever） （無論）哪一個 主語、賓語、定語
連 接 副 詞 when 何時 時間狀語
where 哪里 地點狀語
why 為什么 原因狀語
how 如何/怎么 方式狀語
考點2 賓語從句
易錯提醒
(1) that引導賓語從句時經常省略，但下列情況下不能省略：
①動詞后跟有多個that引導的賓語從句時，只有第一個that可省略，其余的不可省略；
He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.
②賓語從句前有插入語時；
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.
③ that引導的從句位于句首時。
That he is a good person , we all know.
考點2 賓語從句
易錯提醒
(2) if/ whether 表示“是否”，常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 表示疑問不確定意義的詞之后；從句句意完整，不缺成分。
She asked if/whether they often came here early.
He wondered if/whether they would go to visit the Great Wall.
(3) whether與if的區別：
① 介詞后用whether
They are talking about whether she will come tonight.
考點2 賓語從句
易錯提醒
② whether or not連用
They don't know whether or not she will come.
③ 賓從位于句首表強調，用whether
Whether this is true or not, I can't say.
④ 不定式前用whether
I can’t decide whether to stay.
⑤ discuss等詞后接賓從時用whether
We discussed whether we should buy a gift for him.
20
It作形式賓語
① 動詞find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋賓補(adj.或n.)＋不定式/從句
② 動詞hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋從句
③ 短語動詞see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋從句
④ 固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb. that＋從句
I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
I would appreciate it if you could take me into consideration.
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
Most of us young men take it for granted that parents do everything for us.
賓語從句的時態
一般情況下，賓語從句須與主句的時態保持一致，即主句是一般現在時，從句可根據具體情況選用合適的時態【主現從任】；主句為過去的某種時態，從句須用相應的過去的某種時態【主過從過】。當從句的內容為真理或客觀事實時，須用一般現在時。【特殊性原則】
I hear (that)
Jim ______( be ) a worker two years ago.
Jim _________(cook ) dinner tomorrow .
Jim __________( sing ) a popular song now.
Jim ___________( play ) basketball when his father came back.
was
will cook
is singing
was playing
一般過去式
一般將來時
現在進行時
過去進行時
1) He will go to Hong Kong.
2) He is sick.
3) He is reading a book.
【主過從過】
1) He __________ to Hong Kong.
2) He ______sick.
3) He ____________ a book.
He said
was
was reading
would go
【特殊性原則】
He told me (that) Summer is after Spring.
感嘆句引導的賓從
句式 用法 示例
主句 + what + (a/an) + adj. + n. +主語 +謂語 what是感嘆形容詞，中心詞必須是名詞。 You can't imagine what a mistake I made.
你無法想象我犯了多大一個錯誤。
主句+ how + adj./adv. +主語 + 謂語 how是感嘆副詞，直接修飾形容詞或副詞。 You have no idea how excited I was when I received the gift.
你不清楚我收到禮物時多么激動。
【典例】(2024·全國甲卷)How did the national park system come about On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in _______ is now northwestern Wyoming.
what
step 1：無提示詞----冠詞 介詞 連詞
step 2：謂語動詞有 relaxed 和 is，且無并列，則一定有從句。
并且迅速通過men判斷它的謂語動詞是relaxed。
step 3：找出從句部分， 43 is now northwestern Wyoming.
step 4: 判斷是介詞后的賓從還是介詞 +關系代詞的定從。
step 5: 從句所缺成分看是否由前面名詞充當，是則該句是定從，須把介詞和后面的從句劃分一起。若不是，則該句是賓從，須把介詞和從句分開放。
step 6：該句為賓從，按賓從的解題思路來。
考點3 表語從句
考點3 表語從句
易錯提醒
(1) if不能引導表語從句；that引導表語從句時不能省略。
引導詞 作用
連接詞 that, whether 只起連接作用，不在從句中作成分
連接代詞 what, who, whom, which，whichever, whatever，whoever 在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語
連接副詞 when, where, how, why 在從句中作狀語
考點3 表語從句
易錯提醒
(2) as if/as though引導表語從句，意為“似乎，好像”。
① 常跟在系動詞之后(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)。
The house looked as if it was about to fall down.
② 若表語從句所述的是非真實的情況，從句用虛擬語氣；若所述的是事實或是極可能發生的情況，從句用陳述語氣。
The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的煙霧覆蓋著整個城市，好像把一條厚厚的黑色毯子扔到了它的上面。
★ 系動詞補充：
狀態類：be, keep, remain, stay (保留，保持)
感官類：look, feel, smell, sound, taste
變化類：become, grow, turn, get, go, come
表象類：seem, appear (看起來似乎)
終止類：turn out(結果是), prove(證明是)
考點3 表語從句
易錯提醒
(3) 其他常考的表語從句
① This/That/It be why＋表語從句(表示結果) “這/那就是……的原因”
This is why we can't get the support of the people.
② This/That/It be because＋表語從句(表示原因) “這/那是因為……”
He was late. That is because he missed the morning train.
③ The reason why... be that＋表語從句 “……的原因是……”
We don't know the reason why she didn't come home.
The reason why he was late was that he missed the morning train.
高考鏈接
【典例】(2024年1月浙江卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (單獨) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
what
考查表語從句
句意：如果他們的大多數客戶都樂意大量購買，那他們就會推廣。在表語從句中缺少賓語，且是指事物，所以應用連接代詞what。故填what。
名詞性從句中that與what的區別：
引導名詞性從句既可以用that，也可以用what。兩者的區別在于that在句中不作成分，what在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。
考點4 同位語從句
考點4 同位語從句
1. 同位語：常位于名詞或代詞后面，對該名詞或代詞作進一步的解釋說明。
Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
We Chinese people are very brave and hardworking.
This is my new friend, Daniel.
2. 同位語從句：用一個句子來充當同位語，解釋或補充說明所修飾的詞。
The fact that he was successful surprised me .
We heard the news that he won the match.
I have no idea when he will be back.
同位語從句結構：名詞 + 連接詞 + 從句
同位語從句說明的名詞大多是____________。常見的可接同位語從句的名詞有:
抽象名詞
news /word 新聞 fact事實 belief信念 information 信息
doubt疑惑 reason 理由 message消息 decision 決定
question / problem 問題 thought想法 possibility 可能性 truth 真相
idea想法 hope希望 danger 危險
request要求 order 命令 warning警告
考點4 同位語從句
易錯提醒
(1) if不能引導同位語從句。
引導詞 作用
連接詞 that, whether 只起連接作用，不在從句中作成分
連接代詞 what, who, whom, which，whichever, whatever，whoever 在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語
連接副詞 when, where, how, why 在從句中作狀語
考點4 同位語從句
易錯提醒
(2) 為了保持句子平衡，同位語從句有時可以不緊跟它說明的那個名詞后面，而是被其它的詞隔開，這種從句叫分割式同位語從句。
I have no idea why she left.
Word came that their team had won.
有消息說他們隊贏了。
The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.
據說威廉·泰爾用箭殺死了國王。
考點4 同位語從句
易錯提醒
(3) 同位語從句的虛擬語氣：在表示“建議，勸說，命令”的名詞后的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用“should + 動詞原形”，should可省略。
I made a suggest that we should go to bed early tomorrow.
一堅持 insist
二命令 order, command
三建議 advise, suggest, propose
四要求 require, request, demand, desire
考點4 同位語從句
易錯提醒
(4) doubt的同位語從句：肯定句后用whether；否定句后用that。
There is no doubt that it was his friend that played tricks on him.
There is some doubt whether he can adapt to the new surroundings here.
I doubt whether he is at home.
We don’t doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.
名詞性從句考點歸納
名詞性從句解題關鍵
1．確定是名詞性從句
空處無提示詞，先確定主句的主謂結構，再確定空處和空后的內容在主句中充當主語、賓語、表語或同位語。
2．利用兩個技巧搞定名詞性從句
3．牢記what和that的區別
(1) that沒有詞義，且在從句中不作任何成分。
(2) what在從句中表示 “……的(東西)” (有時候可以不譯)，在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。
名詞性從句解題關鍵
利用兩個技巧搞定名詞性從句
Tip 1：
(1) 從句中缺少主語、賓語、表語，用連接代詞what、who、whom、which、whatever等。
(2) 從句中缺少狀語(結合句意判斷)，用連接副詞where (表地點)、when (表時間)、how (表方式)、why (表原因)等。
(3) 從句中不缺成分，句意缺少“是否”，用if/whether。
(4) 從句中不缺成分且句子意義完整，用that。
分析句子成分
名詞性從句解題關鍵
利用兩個技巧搞定名詞性從句
Tip 2：
有些引導詞在句中有很鮮明的意義，如whether/if (是否)、whoever (無論誰)、whatever (無論什么)、because (因為)、why (為什么)等。結合句意和語境，不難解決這類試題。
結合句意和引導詞的本義解題
即學即用
1. 能否在英語考試中取得好成績是我最擔心的問題。
(what主語從句/whether 引導表語從句）
____________________________________________________________
2. 眾所周知，學好英語是很重要的. （主語從句）
____________________________________________________________
3. 那是因為它是一種國際語言.（表語從句）
It is______________________________________.
/The reason is_________________________________.
What worries me most is whether I can get a good mark in English.
because it is an international language
that it is an international language
It is known to all that it is important to learn English well.
4. 在我看來，學習成功與否主要取決于一個人是否有決心。(whether賓從)
In my opinion, success in study depends mainly on ______________
______________________________.
5. 我的愿望是能被一所重點大學錄取。（表語從句）
My hope is ______________________________________________.
6. 我現在要做的是采取措施學好英語。（主語從句）
What _____________________________________________________ .
7. 我堅信我會掌握好英語的。(同位語從句)
________________________________I’ll have a good command of English.
can have great determination
whether one
that I can be admitted to a key university
I hold the firm belief that
I should do now is to take measures to master English
利用所學名詞性從句的相關知識，結合中文提示補全短文（邀請信）。
Obviously, besides study, there are also other things beneficial to us. _________________(俱樂部可以使我們的校園生活豐富多彩，充滿收獲，這是誰也不可否認的事實。). There goes the plan.
Boys and girls,
I’m the chairman of Student Union, Li Hua. _________(我想告訴你的是，我們學生會成立了一個英語俱樂部).
What I want to tell you is that we, Student Union, set up an English club.
No one can deny the fact that the club can make our school life colorful and rewarding.
____(據安排我們將在周二晚上在報告廳看英文電影) Apart from that, there is going to be an English debate or discussion on Saturday evening; yet, the specific topics haven’t been settled. If you have wonder and suggestions, please let us know.
It is arranged that we will watch English films in the conference hall on Tuesday evening.
_____（我堅信你將在這些活動中受益良多). You will never regret joining us. So, just do it.
Student Union
I'm convinced that you will harvest many benefits in these activities.
Thank you for listening !
春

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