資源簡(jiǎn)介

(共28張PPT)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能
主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)
to do
doing

done
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)
不定式作定語(yǔ)
1）當(dāng)名詞被序數(shù)詞,最高級(jí)，或the only等修飾，其后常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
He was the best man to do the job.
He was the only one to survive the plane crash.
2）有些名詞的同源動(dòng)詞常跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，而這些名詞也常跟不定式作定語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有：wish，decision，refusal，arrangement，intention，agreement，hope，need，plan，promise，failure，attempt，offer，warning，ability等。
1、I don't trust his promise to come for a visit.
= He promised to come for a visit.
2、He said he had no plans to go there.
= He didn't plan to go there.
3）動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)可以表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
Is there anybody to carry on the work？
有人要繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)工作嗎？
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.
將在會(huì)議上被討論的那個(gè)問(wèn)題非常重要。
doing形式做定語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行\(zhòng)主動(dòng)
過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)， 表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成\被動(dòng)
falling leaves正在下落的葉子 fallen leaves落葉
developing countries發(fā)展中國(guó)家 developed countries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家
The girl standing there is my classmate.
Have you read the novel written by Dickens？
ing類形容詞（事物性質(zhì)） ed類形容詞（人的感受）
This is a _______(move) story.
I feel ______(confuse) about what we should eat to stay healthy.
分詞作定語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明被修飾詞的用途。
例：
a fishing net（= a net for fishing）
a swimming pool（=a pool for swimming）
a walking stick
注意：to be done, being done和done作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
to be done 表被動(dòng)、將來(lái)
例：The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important.
being done 表被動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行
例：Listen！The song being sung is very popular with the students.
done 表被動(dòng)、完成
例：Have you read the novel written by Dickens？
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的概念
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)指有些及物動(dòng)詞，接了賓語(yǔ)意義仍不完整，還需要有一個(gè)其他的句子成分，來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的意義、狀態(tài)等，簡(jiǎn)稱賓補(bǔ)。
句式：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)
1.后接不定式做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)
（1）有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后接不定式做賓補(bǔ)，即
“動(dòng)詞\動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+to do...”,這類動(dòng)詞有：
She required everyone to follow the rules.
He depends on you to help him with his English.
(2).下列動(dòng)詞或詞組接省略to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)。
即“動(dòng)詞\詞組+ 賓語(yǔ)+do...”
一感（feel）,二聽(tīng)（hear, listen to）,
三讓（make, have, let）,
五看（see, watch, notice, observe, look at）
半幫助 (help)
賓補(bǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)某人做某事的全過(guò)程或某事發(fā)生的全過(guò)程。
Did you hear me sing a song last night
He saw a girl get on the bus.
Please don't make the baby cry again.
Please let me help you (to) clean the kitchen.
變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)賓補(bǔ)前要加to
Someone observed the thief enter the bank.
The thief was observed to enter the bank.
2.后接分詞做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞
（1）感官動(dòng)詞see,watch, observe, look at,notice, hear,listen to,feel的賓語(yǔ)有四種形式，以see為例。
doing sth 看見(jiàn)...正在做某事
do sth 看見(jiàn)...做了某事
see+賓語(yǔ) being done 看見(jiàn)...正在被做
done 看見(jiàn)...被做
He saw the thief caught by the police.
I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
Anna saw her sister shouting at her father when she entered the room.
賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系
賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系
（2）使役動(dòng)詞make,let,have后接賓補(bǔ)的情況：
make +賓語(yǔ)+ do 讓...做某事
done 讓...被做
let +賓語(yǔ)+ do 讓...做某事
be done 讓...被做
have+ 賓語(yǔ) + do 讓...做某事
doing 讓...一直做某事
done 讓...被做
I can't make myself understood.
Don't let your children play with matches.
Let the work be done immediately.
I'll have my bike repaired tomorrow.
讓某人一直做某事：
keep sb doing sth
have sb. doing
get sb. doing
leave sb. doing
It's bad for you to leave the water running when you brush teeth.
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)
不定式、分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則
不定式、分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致，即不定式、分詞作狀語(yǔ)，必須和句子的主語(yǔ)存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系，否則一般不能使用不定式、分詞作狀語(yǔ)。
不定式做狀語(yǔ)的句法功能
做目的狀語(yǔ)
做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
做原因狀語(yǔ)
1）不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)
1）不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)
形式 位置 例句
to+動(dòng)詞原形 句首，句中 In order to/To make a study of kangaroos，he went to Australia.
He got up early in order to/to catch the first bus.
Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year so as to/in order to/to visit her.
in order to+ 動(dòng)詞原形 句首，句中
so as to+ 動(dòng)詞原形 句中
2）不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
3）不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)
形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面可接不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)，用以說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。
常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞 +形容詞 +to do ”
常用詞：happy, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, pleased
例：Tom was very happy to see his mother.
I was surprised to find him here.
4）不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義
在“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（形容詞）+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式有邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且形容詞表示主語(yǔ)的特征或性質(zhì)，這時(shí)，需用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
常用詞：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting , pleasant, nice , comfortable, safe, dangerous
例：This question is easy to answer.
This book is difficult to understand.
3.分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其形式的選擇
形式 意義
v.ing (doing) 與句子主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生
having+v.ed (having done)
與句子主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生
v.ed (done) 與句子主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表完成
being+v.ed (being done) 與句子主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生
having been +v.ed (having been done) 與句子主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生
分詞做狀語(yǔ)的句法功能
做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
做原因狀語(yǔ)
做條件狀語(yǔ)
做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
做方式、伴隨狀語(yǔ)
做讓步狀語(yǔ)
1.分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
常用在when ， while ， before ，since， as 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句中。
He went through the papers while having breakfast
(= while he was having breakfast).
他邊吃早飯邊看報(bào)紙。
When completed, the road will be open to the public.
(= when it is completed)
這條路在竣工后會(huì)正式通車。
When offered help，one often says"Thank you"or"It's kind of you".
2.分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)
相當(dāng)于because， since， as 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
Not understanding this, he asked the teacher about it.
= Because he didn ’t understand this,he asked the teacher about it.
因?yàn)椴焕斫猓P(guān)于那個(gè)問(wèn)題他問(wèn)了老師。
Defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged.
= Because he was defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged.
由于被同桌打敗，他感到氣餒。
3.分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)
相當(dāng)于 if， unless 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
Working hard, you ’ll succeed.
= If you work hard, you will succeed.
如果努力學(xué)習(xí)，你會(huì)成功的。
Given more time, I can finish the work.
= If I am given more time, I can finish the work.
如果多給我點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我就能完成這項(xiàng)工作。
4.分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
常用現(xiàn)在分詞表示自然而然的結(jié)果，分詞前可接thus。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
他們的車被困在擁擠的交通中，因此耽擱了時(shí)間。
The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.
大火持續(xù)了近一個(gè)月，幾乎沒(méi)剩下什么有價(jià)值的東西。
【注意】過(guò)去分詞一般不作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
5.分詞作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
He made the boy sit there, promising he would not hurt him.
他讓那個(gè)小男孩坐在那邊，答應(yīng)不傷害他。
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.
老師走進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，身后跟著一些學(xué)生。
6.分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)
相當(dāng)于though ，although，even if 等引導(dǎo)的讓不狀語(yǔ)從句。
Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. = Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
盡管被警告危險(xiǎn)，他依舊在薄冰上滑冰。
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
= Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
雖然被告誡過(guò)好多次了，但他仍然重復(fù)犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。
7.獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)
有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。
例：
Considering your health, you'd better have a rest.
考慮到你的健康，你最好休息一下。
To tell you the truth, I'm a little tired.
說(shuō)實(shí)話，我有點(diǎn)累。

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