資源簡介

(共15張PPT)
寫作培優　高分進階
第二部分　讀后續寫
第一講　命題規律技巧
讀后續寫是一種將“閱讀”與“寫作”深度融合起來進行考查的題型，它給學生提供了更多發揮想象力、展示語言輸出能力的空間，充分體現了高考評價體系中所倡導的綜合性、應用性和創新性。讀后續寫題型首先出現在2016年 10月浙江卷英語寫作中。
一、讀后續寫命題透視
2020年新高考Ⅰ卷(適用地區：山東)、Ⅱ卷(適用地區：海南)作為第一批新高考試點被推出。截止到2023年，新高考Ⅰ卷適用地區有山東、湖北、江蘇、河北、廣東、湖南、福建、浙江；新高考Ⅱ卷適用地區有海南、遼寧、重慶、云南、山西、安徽、黑龍江、吉林。它們都有讀后續寫這一題型。
與浙江卷不同的是，新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷讀后續寫沒有在閱讀材料中提供畫線詞，這似乎給學生的寫作思維插上了騰飛的翅膀。然而，讀后續寫不是隨心所欲地寫，而是根據題目要求，在讀懂原文的基礎上，利用原材料、線索和情節等充分發揮想象力和創造力來續寫。
真題回眸
命題風向 1.讀后續寫選材突出個人成長、社會關愛、家庭親情、勞動教育、學會感恩等主題。
2．續寫思路和線索隱藏于段落開頭語中或在原文的最后段落中。讀后續寫并非天馬行空式的隨意發揮和創作，而是在徹底讀懂原文的基礎上根據原文信息和所給出的兩段開頭語進行寫作，因此續寫情節必須合情合理，并與原文構成一個有機的整體。
3．讀后續寫的選材特征：閱讀材料要有趣，內容能延伸；難度要適當，易于理解和模仿；長度應適宜，有豐富的內容。
4．讀后續寫這一題型是對學生“語言、思維、文化”的三位一體式考查。在進行讀后續寫時，學生既要運用所學語言知識，還要了解文化背景，同時發揮創造性思維。
二、讀后續寫高分攻略
1．評分標準
讀后續寫評分細則
(1)本題總分為25分，按五個檔次進行評分。
(2)評分時，應主要從內容、詞匯和語法以及篇章結構三個方面考慮，具體為：
①續寫內容的質量、完整性以及與原文情境的融洽度。
②所使用詞匯和語法結構的準確性、恰當性和多樣性。
③語句間的銜接和全文的連貫性。
各檔次的給分范圍和要求 備注
檔次 描述 (1)評分時，應先根據作答的整體情況確定其所屬的檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來綜合衡量，確定或調整檔次， 最后給分。
(2)評分時還應注意：
①詞數少于 120的，酌情扣分；
②書寫較差以致影響交際的，酌情扣分；
③單詞拼寫和標點符號是寫作規范的重要方面，評分時應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮，英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。
第五檔 (21－25分) ①創造了豐富、合理的內容，富有邏輯性，續寫完整，與原文情境融洽度高； ②使用了多樣并且恰當的詞匯和語法結構，有個別小錯，但完全不影響理解； ③有效地使用了語句間的銜接手段，全文結構清晰，意義連貫。 各檔次的給分范圍和要求 備注
檔次 描述 (1)評分時，應先根據作答的整體情況確定其所屬的檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來綜合衡量，確定或調整檔次， 最后給分。
(2)評分時還應注意：
①詞數少于 120的，酌情扣分；
②書寫較差以致影響交際的，酌情扣分；
③單詞拼寫和標點符號是寫作規范的重要方面，評分時應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮，英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。
第四檔 (16－20分) ①創造了比較豐富、合理的內容，比較有邏輯性，續寫比較完整，與原文情境融洽度較高； ②使用了比較多樣且恰當的詞匯和語法結構，表達較流暢，可能有些許錯誤，但不影響理解； ③比較有效地使用了語句間的銜接手段，全文結構比較清晰，意義比較連貫。 各檔次的給分范圍和要求 備注
檔次 描述 (1)評分時，應先根據作答的整體情況確定其所屬的檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來綜合衡量，確定或調整檔次， 最后給分。
(2)評分時還應注意：
①詞數少于 120的，酌情扣分；
②書寫較差以致影響交際的，酌情扣分；
③單詞拼寫和標點符號是寫作規范的重要方面，評分時應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮，英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。
第三檔 (11－15分) ①創造了基本合理的內容，有一定的邏輯性，續寫基本完整，與原文情境相關； ②使用了簡單的詞匯和語法結構，有一些錯誤或不恰當之處，但基本不影響理解； ③基本有效地使用了語句間的銜接手段，全文結構基本清晰，意義基本連貫。 各檔次的給分范圍和要求 備注
檔次 描述 (1)評分時，應先根據作答的整體情況確定其所屬的檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來綜合衡量，確定或調整檔次， 最后給分。
(2)評分時還應注意：
①詞數少于 120的，酌情扣分；
②書寫較差以致影響交際的，酌情扣分；
③單詞拼寫和標點符號是寫作規范的重要方面，評分時應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮，英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。
第二檔 (6－10分) ①內容和邏輯上有一些重大問題，續寫不夠完整，與原文情境有一定程度脫節； ②所用的詞匯有限，語法結構單調，錯誤較多且比較低級，影響理解； ③未能有效地使用語句間銜接手段，全文結構不夠清晰，意義不夠連貫。 各檔次的給分范圍和要求 備注
檔次 描述 (1)評分時，應先根據作答的整體情況確定其所屬的檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來綜合衡量，確定或調整檔次， 最后給分。
(2)評分時還應注意：
①詞數少于 120的，酌情扣分；
②書寫較差以致影響交際的，酌情扣分；
③單詞拼寫和標點符號是寫作規范的重要方面，評分時應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮，英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。
第一檔 (1－5分) ①內容和邏輯有較多重大問題，或有部分內容抄自原文，續寫不完整，與原文情景基本脫節； ②所使用的詞匯有限，語法結構單調，錯誤極多，嚴重影響理解； ③幾乎沒有使用語句間銜接手段，全文結構不夠清晰，意義不連貫。 各檔次的給分范圍和要求 備注
檔次 描述 (1)評分時，應先根據作答的整體情況確定其所屬的檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來綜合衡量，確定或調整檔次， 最后給分。
(2)評分時還應注意：
①詞數少于 120的，酌情扣分；
②書寫較差以致影響交際的，酌情扣分；
③單詞拼寫和標點符號是寫作規范的重要方面，評分時應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮，英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。
零分 ①未作答； ②所寫內容太少或無法看清以致無法評判； ③書寫內容全部抄自原文或與題目要求完全不相關。 2.解題攻略
【續寫“7—3—4”原則】
七個不 不增加人物 三個一致 原文一致原則
不增加旁支情節 曲折性原則
不用過多對話 正能量原則
不用負能量結局 四個銜接 續寫第一段第二句：銜接(給出的)第一段首句
不在文末設置懸念 續寫第一段尾句：銜接(給出的)第二段首句
不偏離原文主題 續寫第二段第二句：銜接(給出的)第二段首句
不違背邏輯常理 續寫第二段尾句：銜接前文并升華原文主旨
【續寫5步驟】(共19張PPT)
寫作培優　高分進階
第二部分　讀后續寫
第二講　續寫文本解讀
讀后續寫的體裁以記敘文為主，記敘文是以寫人物的經歷和事物發展變化為主要內容的一種文體形式。要寫好續寫文章，深刻理解文本是第一步。理解文本要注意以下幾個方面。
一、淺層信息獲取
1．抓住記敘文的六要素
記敘文的六要素即人物、時間、地點、事件的起因、經過和結果，讀后續寫所提供的文本已給出了前幾個要素。因此閱讀文本時要緊扣所給的要素。
2．厘清人物關系
閱讀時要關注文章寫作視角，即寫作人稱，標記文中的主要人物，并厘清這些主要人物之間的關系，如親子關系、師生關系、同學關系等，這對于此后的續寫至關重要。
二、深層文本解讀
1．把握兩大線索
即情節線和情感線。閱讀文本時要抓住這兩條主線，以便更好地理解文章，為續寫做好準備。只有對原文的脈絡線索有正確和深刻的理解，續寫的內容才能和原文骨肉相連，契合緊密。
2．明確故事主旨
讀后續寫的主題體現立德樹人精神，圍繞家庭親情、個人成長、校園生活、人與人之間守望互助、人與自然和動物的和諧相處創設情境。因此，廣大考生在做讀后續寫題目時，應在此范圍內正確判斷其主題，保證自己的續寫內容正確體現主題、不偏離主題。
3．抓住伏筆與鋪墊
對于作者而言，“挖坑”和“填坑”是創作的一大樂趣。就像完形填空題型中的“復現”一樣，文章中重要的細節本來就會反復出現，反復被強調。對于讀后續寫而言，要求續寫內容要和所給短文一脈相承，最好的方式就是呼應所給短文中的細節。抓住可以呼應的細節，可以幫助我們打開思路。而且有些時候，前文的細節對續寫部分會起到限定作用，忽略了重要的細節，很可能導致“故事續寫”變成前后矛盾的“續寫事故”。
【典例示范】
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest.I said no without thinking.I did not love writing.My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language.Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts.No one laughed harder than he did.
So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail His reply：“Because I love your stories.If you're willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words，I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject.Paul Revere was a silversmith(銀匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18,1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming, My story would come straight from the horse's mouth.Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else's choice.
What did the horse think, as he sped through the night Did he get tired Have doubts Did he want to quit I sympathized immediately.I got tired.I had doubts.I wanted to quit.But, like Revere's horse, I kept going.I worked hard.I checked my spelling.I asked my older sister to correct my grammar.I checked out a half-dozen books on Paul Revere from the library.I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said，“Great.Now, write it again.”I wrote it again, and again and again.When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing.If I didn't win, I wouldn't care.
注意：續寫詞數應為150左右。
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.
I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation.
一、淺層信息獲取
1．抓住記敘文的六要素
人物 ________________________________________________
時間 ______________________________
地點 ___________________
起因 my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest
經過 Encouraged by my teacher, Chose a subject and began to write
結果 ...
I, my social studies teacher, my older sister
When I was in middle school
in middle school
2.厘清人物關系
主要人物及關系 (1)____________________________
(2)_____________________________
次要人物 __________________
my social studies teacher
I(a middle school student)
my older sister
二、深層文本解讀
1．把握兩大線索
情節線 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
情感線 ____________________________________________
my teacher asked me to enter a writing contest→my teacher encouraged me to have a try→I chose a subject and began to write
resistant→willing to do→persistent→enjoyable
2.明確故事主旨
本文以人物為線索展開，講述了作者上中學的時候，社會學老師邀請作者參加一個寫作比賽。作者不喜歡寫作，于是想都沒想就拒絕了。但是在老師的鼓勵下，作者同意試一試。作者在寫作過程中雖然很累，但是沒有放棄，堅持下來了。在作者最終完成寫作時，作者感到寫作讓他很快樂，他已經不在乎輸贏了。本文主題體現了立德樹人的精神，彰顯了人性的光輝。
3．抓住伏筆與鋪墊
①老師讓我參加作文大賽：__________________________________
___________________________________________________________
②我的英語是第二語言：____________________________________
___________________________________
③受到老師的鼓勵去參賽：_________________________________
_____________________
When I was in middle school, my social
studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest.
My family came from Brazil, so English was
only my second language.
Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give
it a try.
④以平靜心態對待輸贏：____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
When I finally finished it, the thought of
winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing.If I didn't win, I wouldn't
care.(共31張PPT)
寫作培優　高分進階
第二部分　讀后續寫
第三講　續寫情節構建
第一節　擬定續寫框架
做讀后續寫題時，對所給文本后面的故事情節及故事結尾的推斷是寫好讀后續寫的前提。高考所給的讀后續寫形式是半開放性的，這種形式既可以讓考生充分發揮想象力，又能讓考生有章可循。考生在推測后續情節時一般根據兩個方面：第一是所給文章的情節，特別是伏筆之處；第二是所給每段的首句。
一、捕捉續寫點，妙照應銜接
利用捕捉和對應的手法，找到原文設置的伏筆，合理推測照應續寫的段落，以使續寫段落在語言、邏輯和內容上符合原文基調。
二、研讀兩首句，巧構思框架
1．兩段首句定一框
所給第一段的首句既能承接上文，也是本段的起始句，由第二段的首句可以推測第一段的結尾內容。通過這兩段首句可以大體推斷第一段的內容。
2．二框二首正能量
由第二段的首句可以預測第二段的內容，尤其注意結尾一定是圓滿的、皆大歡喜的內容或者正能量的結局。由此可以推斷第二段的主要情節。
【典例示范】
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day of the big cross-country run.Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route(路線) through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.He was small for ten years old.His usual big toothy smile was absent today.I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children.He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened.“I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him，” he explained uncomfortably.“I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration(懊惱)．I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing.After making sure that David could run if he wanted，I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing.That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team.It just took him longer—that's all.David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish.As a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
注意：續寫詞數應為150左右。
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.
【情節設計】
一、捕捉續寫點，妙照應銜接
利用捕捉和對應的手法，找到原文設置的伏筆：
1．大衛想放棄比賽：_______________________________________
______________________________________________________________
I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children.He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
2．“我”對大衛的處境表示理解，但是贊賞他的決心和毅力：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
二、研讀兩首句，巧構思框架
根據給出的第一段首句“We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me.”可知，我們坐在一起，但是 David并沒有看我。由此可見，David此刻很煎熬。這一段可以描寫主人公對 David心情的理解，用語言安慰和鼓勵 David，最終 David態度的變化。
根據給出的第二段首句“I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.”可知， David 來到了起跑線上，準備和其他同學一起參賽。上一段最后的情節需要和第二段首句呼應，描寫 David戰勝了自己，改變了主意，決定繼續參賽。第二段需要描寫 David跑步時的場景， David的努力，觀眾們的反應，比賽最終的結果， David 的心情，主人公的心情。
第一段： We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me.
情節構思：________________________________________________
_________________________
第二段：I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.
情節構思：________________________________________________
____________
作者鼓勵 David 繼續完成比賽→David經過激烈的心理斗爭→最終決定參加比賽
David開始參賽→雖然中途遇到困難→仍然堅持到最后，完成比賽
【范文賞讀】
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me. Staring at David，“You never miss a single practice, and I firmly believe that you will finish your run if you bravely face this challenge，”I said gently.He took a relaxed breath.“The reason why you should show up is that you have made full preparations for this event，”I added in a sincere voice.At my words, with tears rolling down his cheeks, David turned to me and firmly expressed his determination to finish the cross-country run.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.The race started.It was difficult for the young to run so long a distance, not to mention David with a brain disease.However, David kept running as he practiced again and again, though he was out of breath within a few kilometers.He always picked himself up again and continued his running.To our delight, David reached the finish line and won a medal for his persistence.It was his strong determination that made a difference.
第二節　續寫情節優化
讀后續寫中的情節設計不能天馬行空、脫離題目給定的前文和兩段首句。我們必須依據情節發展和常識，在給定的框架內，可按“所見、所聞、所說、所思、所做”或從環境、心理、動作、語言和情感等五個方面著手，每段寫5至8個句子，豐富情節內容，推動問題的解決。
1．所見：環境描寫/人物描寫/神情描寫
細致刻畫文中主人公看到了什么，描寫所看到的景象：環境、人物和神情等。
2．所聞/所說：語言描寫
即文中人物說了什么，描寫文中主人公和其他人物的對話。
3．所思：心理描寫
即文中人物心里想了什么，描寫文中主人公心理活動。
4．所做：動作描寫
即文中人物做了什么，細致刻畫描寫文中人物的動作。
【典例示范】
(2022·1月浙江卷改編)
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
When Dr. Henderson was assigning(指定) project mates for his psychology class，I secretly hoped that he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with.Above all，I hoped he wouldn't assign me to work with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match.As fate(命運) would have it, Dr.Henderson very deliberately matched everyone in class and announced that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid.
I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself.He looked at me as though I weren't there.I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course.He wasn't mean or abusive; he just gave me the impression that he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone.
Needless to say, I didn't look forward to an entire term of being brushed off, but I tried to make the best of it and didn't say anything for fear that I would make things worse.
The project required each team to develop a hypothesis(假說), set up an experiment to test the hypothesis, do the statistical analysis and present the findings.Whatever grade the team received would be shared by both students.
When my teammate and I met to discuss our project，I was uneasy.Here was this challenging student who had a reputation for single-mindedness and good grades—the exact opposite of me.I actually wanted to drop the class at one point, but stopped short because I didn't want to give him the satisfaction of my chickening out.I decided to stick to it no matter what.
After long discussions we somehow agreed to do a study on the psychological well-being of teenagers.I wasn't sure what it meant exactly, but at least we had a topic.
注意：續寫詞數應為150左右。
We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans.
One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease.
【續寫分析】
利用“五所”設問，豐富續寫內容
1．第一段我們可以大膽設問：
(1)__________________________________________
(2)_____________________________________________
(3)_____________________________________________
(4)_____________________________________________
根據這四個問題，第一段就有內容可寫了。
Did we share our ideas with each other？
Would that boy like to accept my opinions？
What should I do when he ignored my advice？
How would I feel when he ignored my advice？
2．第二段我們可以大膽設問：
(1)_______________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)_______________________________________
(3)________________________________________________
(4)__________________________________________
How would I feel when I got the news that he was admitted to hospital
for a serious disease？
Did I go to the hospital to see him？
How would he feel when he saw me in his ward？
How did we do the project from then on？
(5)_____________________________________
(6)______________________________________________
(7)______________________________________
這樣，根據設問，整理答案，適當擴充，再運用恰當的動作描寫、心理描寫和一些高級表達，用上適當的過渡詞語，就組成一篇完整的文章了。
Was the project completed on time？
Was the teacher satisfied with our project？
What did we learn from the project？
【范文賞讀】
We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans. Though I wanted to share my ideas with him fully，I failed to do so for fear that I would hold him back(所思：心理描寫)．I just kept nodding when he asked me whether it's OK to do this way or that way(所做：動作描寫)．I thought it was impossible to persuade him into accepting my views, so I didn't want to waste our time to discuss(所思：心理描寫)．I just hoped that the presentation day could come earlier.
One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease.I felt so sorry to hear that and I thought I should visit him in any case(所思：心理描寫)．He was a little surprised to see me when I stepped into his ward with some flowers and fruits(所見、所做：神情和動作描寫)．I offered to do the rest work of our project and he invited me to share my ideas to perfect it.We began to work as a fine team and finally finished our project on time(所做：動作描寫)．Our hard work paid off and Dr.Henderson was very satisfied with our wonderful findings.From this project, we also learned the significance of teammates(所思：心理描寫)．Just as the saying goes, one person can go far, but a group of persons can travel farther.(共33張PPT)
寫作培優　高分進階
第二部分　讀后續寫
第四講　續寫銜接、點題
一、寫好四句，3句銜接與主旨升華
1．四個順暢呼應，進行有效銜接
(1)續寫首句與給出的首段首句的銜接；
(2)續寫首段尾句與給出的次段首句的銜接；
(3)給出的次段首句與續寫次段首句的銜接；
(4)文章結尾升華與文章主題意義的銜接。
2．圍繞“真善美”，傳遞正能量
續寫故事的內容一定要傳遞正能量，圍繞“真善美”的大主題設計情節，弘揚社會主義核心價值觀，因此續寫結尾要按此進行主旨升華。
二、3句銜接語與主旨升華的常用方法和句式
1．做好銜接的基本方法
(1)提示句的主語繼續成為續寫的第一句的主語
(2)提示句的某個關鍵詞成為一個新的主語
(3)續寫第一段的最后一句的主語和續寫第二段的首句主語一致，使得段落連貫一致
[點撥] 根據情況以上規則可以靈活變通，如續寫第二段的首句主語一致可以作為續寫第一段的最后一句的賓語。但無論如何要保持語義連貫一致。
2．銜接過渡語的常用句式
(1)形容詞(短語)作狀語
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.Anxious and full of expectation, he took the popcorn around to the houses and began to sell his popcorn.
一切準備就緒后，伯納德開始著手他的新生意。既焦慮又滿懷期待，他拿著爆米花挨家挨戶地開始售賣。
(2)非謂語動詞作狀語
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me.Seeing his face filled with anxiety，I felt sad, deciding to talk something with him.
我們緊挨著坐了下來，但大衛不愿看我。看著他那充滿焦慮的臉，我感到很難過，決定和他說點什么。
(3)倒裝句銜接
As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared.In no time did their father seem to understand exactly what had happened and what to do next.
當雙胞胎失望地環顧四周時，他們的父親出現了。他們的父親似乎很快就明白了到底發生了什么事，下一步該怎么辦。
(4)介詞短語或副詞作狀語銜接
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.Much to my surprise/Surprisingly, I beat a lot of participants and won the first prize.
幾個星期后，當我幾乎忘記比賽的時候，傳來了消息。令我吃驚的是，我打敗了很多參賽者，獲得了第一名。
(5)對話或者獨白銜接
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation.“Congratulations! Your efforts paid off！” said he smilingly.
頒獎典禮結束后，我去了老師的辦公室。“祝賀你！ 你的努力得到了回報！”他微笑著說。
(6)狀語從句銜接
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation.The minute I stepped in, he laughed out loud again as has had before, and said“Congratulations！”
頒獎典禮結束后，我去了老師的辦公室。我一進門，他又像以前一樣大笑起來，說“祝賀你！”
3．主旨升華的常用方法和句式
6種主旨升華的方法
(1)名言結尾法
需要注意的是：不可生搬硬套名言警句，一定要具體文本，具體分析。
①(2022·1月浙江卷)Just as the saying goes, one person can go far, but a group of persons can travel farther.
正如俗話說，一個人可以走得很遠，但一群人可以走得更遠。
②Just as the saying puts，“Where there is a will, there is a way.” Now I couldn't agree more.
正如俗話所說，“有志者，事竟成。”現在我完全同意。
(2)情感升華法
Seeing the javelin，I felt as if it had been encouraging me and saying，“You've found your talent and I've found you.”
看到標槍，我覺得它好像在鼓勵我，并說，“你找到了你的天賦，我找到了你。”
(3)運用修辭法
①I quickly took out the camera and photographed the rare scene—we were robbed by a polar bear.
我迅速拿出相機，拍下了這一罕見的場景——我們被一只北極熊搶劫了。
②That affection towards our family is like a touch of green tea, refreshing and heartwarming.
那份對我們家人的感情像一杯清茶，沁人心脾，溫暖人心。
(4)首尾呼應法
①A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day.
一天，在亞瑟上班的路上發生了一件有趣的事情。
②What a funny day! Arthur couldn't stop laughing whenever he looked back on this happy experience.
多么有趣的一天啊！ 每當亞瑟想起這次歡樂的經歷，他就忍不住笑個不停。
(5)感悟體會法
①(2024·濰坊市五縣市高三10月統考)From the experience，I was fully aware of the responsibility and great value as a doctor, which, therefore, inspired me to continue to pursue my dream.
從這些經驗中，我充分意識到作為一名醫生的責任和巨大的價值，因此，這激發了我繼續追求我的夢想。
②I held the paper bag tightly, tears rolling down without control.It is love that makes the world go around, which I felt deep in my heart.
我緊緊地握著紙袋，眼淚禁不住流了下來。正是愛讓這世界轉動，在我心里深深感受到了這一點。
(6)畫面定格法
①The children said loudly，“Happy Mother's Day！” Mother hugged them tightly and kissed them again and again.
孩子們大聲說：“母親節快樂！”媽媽緊緊地擁抱著他們，一次又一次地吻著他們。
②In the evening, Dad came back.I proudly took out my own money and handed it to Dad.
那天晚上，爸爸回來了。我驕傲地拿出了我自己的錢，遞給了爸爸。
5種常用句式
(1)only引起的倒裝句
①Only then did I realize that it was bravery that can conquer whatever difficulty came in the way.
直到那時我才意識到，正是勇敢才能克服前進道路上的一切困難。
②Only when we open up the door of our heart can we be bathed in the brilliant sunshine and enjoy the warmth of love.
只有當我們打開心門，我們才能沐浴在燦爛的陽光下享受愛的溫暖。
(2)強調句型
It was a simple knot and an understanding heart that saved me from the awkward situation.
正是這一個簡單的繩結和一顆善解人意的心將我從尷尬中拯救出來。
(3)From then on＋表行動的句子
①From then on，I made up my mind to pass on“love” to others.
從那以后，我下定決心向別人傳遞“愛”。
②From that day on, every time I meet someone who needs help，I always reach out to them, hoping to pass on the kindness that Mexican family offered me.
從那天起，每當我遇到需要幫助的人，我總是伸出手去幫助他們，希望把墨西哥家庭給予我的善良傳遞下去。
(4)Sometimes＋表感悟類的句子
①Sometimes，a moment of kindness could mean so much to another, and that a simple act could make the world so much better.
有時候，那一刻的善良對另一個人來說意義重大，而一個簡單的行為可以使世界變得如此美好。
②Sometimes a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to make a huge difference.
有時候一個小小的善舉可能會產生巨大的影響。
(5)綜合型組合公式：結果＋難忘的經歷＋體悟
I thought about what had just happened.What I was eager to utter was that it was such an exceedingly memorable experience that I would never forget.
我想了想剛才發生的事。我急切想說的是，這是一次極其難忘的經歷，我永遠不會忘記。
【典例示范】
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
My dad, George, only had an eighth grade education.A quiet man, he didn't understand my world of school activities.From age 14, he worked.And his dad, Albert, took the money my dad earned and used it to pay family expenses.
I didn't really understand his world either: He was a livestock trucker, and I thought that I would surpass(超過) anything he had accomplished by the time I walked across the stage at high school graduation.
Summers in the mid-70s were spent at home shooting baskets, hitting a baseball, or throwing a football, preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team.In poor weather，I read about sports or practiced my trombone(長號)．
The summer before my eighth grade I was one of a group of boys that a neighboring farmer hired to work in his field.He explained our basic task, the tractor fired up and we were off, riding down the field looking for weeds to spray with chemicals.After a short way, the farmer stopped and pointed at a weed which we missed.Then we began again.This happened over and over, but we soon learned to identify different grasses like cockleburs, lamb's-quarters, foxtails, and the king of weeds, the pretty purple thistle.It was tiring work, but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn't sure how much it would amount to.
At home, my dad said，“A job's a big step to growing up.I'm glad you will be contributing to the household.” My dad's words made me realize that my earnings might not be mine to do with as I wished.
My labors lasted about two weeks, and the farmer said there might be more work, but I wasn't interested.I decided it was not fair that I had to contribute my money.
注意：續寫詞數應為150左右。
When I brought my paycheck home—it was $119—my dad wanted to talk to me.
I was surprised that my dad allowed me to use the money as I wished.
【范文賞讀】
When I brought my paycheck home—it was $119—my dad wanted to talk to me.Obviously(副詞作狀語銜接), my dad would try to persuade me to contribute all my earning.It's never fair.I thought in my mind hopelessly, grabbing the money tightly in my sweating fist.After a long silence, he didn't ask as expected, instead, he gently said“How do you plan to spend the money from the farmer？” Without any hesitation, the following words popped out，“There are many things I wanted, such as a new football，a
baseball bat and a pair of sneakers and so on, anything but to pay family expense like you.” At that, my dad nodded and let me keep the money(與第二段首句主語一致)．
I was surprised that my dad allowed me to use the money as I wished.Staring at my confused expression(分詞作狀語銜接), my dad explained：“Though I can't understand your world of school activities, still I will stand by you”．Moved by the touching words and seeing his increasingly hunching back, I felt a sense of guilt and selfishness welled up in my mind and surged through myself.At exactly that moment，I realized why my father let me have the money—it was his expectation for my future, his encouragement and quiet love.It was this unique experience that made me realize I would never surpass his love for me(強調句型)．(共133張PPT)
寫作培優　高分進階
第二部分　讀后續寫
第五講　續寫語言提升
由讀后續寫評分原則可知，讀后續寫作文對詞匯應用的豐富性、準確性都做出了明確的要求。文中除了要準確使用詞匯外，也要注意所用詞匯的豐富性：減少基礎詞匯(如籠統詞、低年級常用詞等)的使用，培養使用復雜詞匯(如具體詞、派生詞、短語等)的習慣，從而使文章內容更加生動、豐富，提升文章檔次。
第一節　詞匯升級
常用詞匯升級方法如下：
基礎用法 高級用法
低年級學習的詞語 高年級學習的詞語
籠統的詞語(如walk) 具體的詞語(如tiptoe，wander等)
單詞(如visit) 短語(如pay a visit to)
單詞原形(如happy) 單詞的派生詞(如happily, happiness等)
就讀后續寫來說，最主要的升級方法是籠統詞變具體詞和單詞變短語。
類型1　籠統詞變具體詞
籠統詞指一些描述范圍較大、指向信息不明確的詞語，而具體詞往往是這類詞語的具體描述。籠統詞變具體詞可以使敘述的內容更加準確，行文更加生動。
As soon as the puppy heard his footsteps, it ran towards him.
一聽到他的腳步聲，波比就朝他跑了過來。
如果將句中的 ran 改為 darted(飛奔，像飛鏢一樣射出去)，可以更準確地表現出小狗激動的情緒，使讀者產生更直接的觀感，這是籠統詞變具體詞的一大好處。但是在使用的時候也需要注意用詞是否符合語境，如上句中，若將 run改為 sprint(沖刺)，則無法展現小狗對主人的友好，不符合句子的語境。
按照詞性進行劃分，常用的籠統詞變具體詞示例如下：
名詞 籠統詞 具體詞
thing business(事情), issue(問題), affair(事件), matter(事態), event(大事), trifle(瑣事)
advantage virtue(優點；長處), merit(優點；價值), benefit(優勢；益處)
disadvantage shortcoming(缺點；短處), drawback(缺點；不利條件), demerit(短處)
top climax(極點；頂點), peak (頂峰), summit(最高點；頂點)
way method(方法；辦法), approach(方式；方法), avenue(途徑；手段)
形容詞和副詞 籠統詞 具體詞
beautiful handsome(英俊的), attractive (吸引人的), graceful(優雅的), fine(精美的)
glad excited(興奮的), pleasant(愉快的), joyful(歡喜的)
important vital(至關重要的), critical(決定性的), significant(意義重大的), primary(首要的), profound(深刻的)
bad mean(刻薄), evil(邪惡的), selfish(自私的), disgusting(令人厭惡的)
形容詞和副詞 good excellent(優秀的), awesome(令人驚嘆的), outstanding(杰出的)
poor impoverished(赤貧的), needy(貧困的), poverty-stricken(一貧如洗的)
very terribly (極度 地), extremely(極 其), highly(非常), greatly(大大地)
all completely(徹 底地), absolutely(絕對地), fully(充分地)
only merely(只不過), solely(單獨地；唯一地)
即時演練1
結合語境，將句中籠統詞替換成具體詞以優化表達
1．I decided that I am very bad.I've been mainly concerned with myself.
→I decided that I am very __________.I've been mainly concerned with myself.
2．It was only a flicker of light in the distance, yet it filled them with hope.
→It was _________ a flicker of light in the distance, yet it filled them with hope.
selfish
merely
3．Feeling tired and helpless, Mauro left a goodbye note to his wife on the wall of the tomb and prepared to meet his untimely end.
→Feeling ____________ and __________, Mauro left a goodbye note to his wife on the wall of the tomb and prepared to meet his untimely end.
4．Seeing this, the guy quickly let go of Kim and broke into a run.
→Seeing this, the guy ____________ let go of Kim and broke into a run.
exhausted
desperate
hurriedly
5．Through this unforgettable and remarkable thing, it eventually dawned on me that nothing is difficult with a willing heart.
→Through this unforgettable and remarkable _____________________it eventually dawned on me that nothing is difficult with a willing heart.
event/experience
類型2　單詞變短語
用意思相同或相近的短語替換單詞，可以達到優化表達的效果。較為常見的是將動詞替換成動詞短語，也有一些將副詞替換成副詞短語、介詞替換成介詞短語的情況，將形容詞替換成“of＋名詞”的情況也比較常見，例如：valuable→of great value。現將一些高頻的單詞替換成短語的情況歸納如下：
單詞 短語
like have a passion for
begin get down to
use make use of
desire long for
decide make up one's mind, be determined to
cry burst into tears
meet come across
think(認為) hold the view
單詞 短語
bear put up with
affect have an effect/influence on
remember bear...in mind
own be in possession of
believe be convinced of
tired worn out
stress lay emphasis on
solve work out, figure out
replace take the place of
單詞 短語
see catch sight of
suit be suitable for
refuse turn down
attract appeal to
usually more often than not
about with regard to
finally in the end, at length
important of importance
即時演練2
結合語境，將單詞替換成短語以優化表達
1．Usually, he would walk alone by the lake in a daze.______________
2．It has given us a richer understanding of certain learning mechanisms, particularly about non-humans._________________
3．The minute I heard the first note of her voice，I cried.____________
More often than not
with regard to
burst into tears
4．Remember that the rules we're talking about here are not rules you explicitly know._______________
5．Keep an eye out for the beautiful, observe the unusual, and see the surprising._________________
6．It is important to keep calm in such an emergency.______________
7．She is a good singer, and her music attracts a much larger audience._____________
8．We were so tired when we returned from the fields that we went to bed immediately.___________
Bear in mind
catch sight of
of importance
appeals to
worn out
第二節　句式升級
要提高讀后續寫的語言表達能力，我們除了掌握讀后續寫常用的一些詞語外，在平時的學習中還要注意積累一些常用句式，并背誦、默寫、仿寫，最后做到運用自如。
提分句式1　無靈主語句，寫情更細膩
在英美人的思維中，往往更注意客觀事物和現象對人的作用和影響，反映在語言表達上就是經常用無生命名詞作主語。無靈主語句的使用可以有效地提升作文的檔次。
句型公式1：A wave of/A sense of...＋情感名詞＋有靈動詞＋sb.
a wave of a surge of a spark of a sense of a feeling of a burst of happiness/joy/ delight 開心 anger/fury 狂怒 sadness/sorrow 悲傷 gratitude/appreciation 感激 admiration 欽佩 guilt/remorse 愧疚悔恨 fear/terror/panic/fright 害怕；驚恐 astonishment/shock/surprise 驚訝 nervousness 緊張 seized/caught/ struck 抓住 swept/flooded/rushed over 襲來 flooded over 充滿 ran through/passed through 掠過 overwhelmed 淹沒；壓倒 took hold of 控制 enveloped 籠罩 gave way to 被……代替 welled up 涌出 ＋sb.
普通：I felt regretful when I heard the bad news.
升級1：A wave of regret swept over me as I heard the bad news.
當我聽到那個壞消息時，一股悔恨的浪潮席卷了我。
升級 2：A strong sense of regret took hold of me the moment I heard the bad news.
當我聽到那個壞消息時，一種強烈的悔恨之情控制了我。
句型公式2：身體部位的名詞/“音、容、笑”的名詞＋有靈動詞(短語)
face, eye， heart, hand， finger， laughter， smile， tears, voice， disappointment flashed/passed over掠過 brightened/lighted up照亮 welled up 涌出 spread across 浮現 clouded over 顯得陰沉 (恐懼、憤怒、憂愁) ＋sb./sb.'s
face, eye，
heart等
普通：She felt very delighted when I gave her the present.
升級：Her face brightened when I gave her the present.
我給她禮物時，她的臉上煥發出了光彩。
句型公式3：情感名詞＋有靈動詞＋sb.(使某人不能做某事)
(1)情感名詞＋deprived/robbed sb. of sth.(使某人喪失……的能力)
普通：I was too astonished to speak anything.
升級：Astonishment deprived me of my power of speech.
驚訝使我說不出話來。
(2)情感名詞＋ prevented sb. from doing sth.(使某人無法做某事)
普通：He was too afraid to move.
升級：A strong wave of fear prevented him from moving.
強烈的恐懼感使他無法動彈。
(3) words等名詞＋ failed sb.(某人無法做某事)
普通：I was speechless when I tried to express my heartfelt thanks.
升級：Words failed me when I tried to express my heartfelt gratitude.
當我試圖表達我衷心的感謝時，我說不出話來。
即時演練1
Ⅰ.用無靈主語升級下列句子
1．I felt happy as I heard the good news.
→______________________________ the moment I heard the exciting news.(delight)
2．When she realized the little boy had lied, she felt very disappointed.
→Realizing the little boy had lied，_____________________________
________________________________.
A wave of delight seized me
a look of disappointment passed
over/spread across/flashed her face
3．On the stage, he was too nervous to speak.
→On the stage, nervousness ___________________________________.
(deprive)
→On the stage, nervousness ___________________________.(prevent)
→On the stage，________________ because he was too nervous.(fail)
deprived him of his power of speech
prevented him from speaking
words failed him
4．As soon as I saw the rescuers，I got very excited.
→The instant I saw the rescuers, _______________________________.
(blood)
5．She cried as she realized what her friend had done for her.
→_________________________,as she realized what her friend had done for her.(tear, well up)
6．I felt guilty after I heard what he said.
→Having heard what he said，___________________________.(guilt)
blood passed over/rushed to my head
Tears welled up in her eyes
a wave of guilt washed over me
7．He was relieved to learn that no one was hurt in the accident.
→____________________________________,when he learned that no one was hurt in the accident.(relief)
8．When she realized that the shop was on fire, she felt frightened.
→When she realized that the shop was on fire，____________________
_______.(fear)
A feeling of relief/Relief swept over him
(a sense of) fear seized
her
Ⅱ.用無靈主語完成/翻譯下列句子
1．當我意識到我是金牌的贏家時，滿是驚訝和懷疑。(surround)
When I realized that I was the winner of Gold medal，______________
_______________________.
2．當他看著煙花照亮天空時，他感到一種令人難以置信的幸福。(sweep)
_______________________________________as he watched fireworks light up the sky.
surprise and
unbelief surrounded me
A feeling of incredible happiness swept over him
3．當小女孩醒來時，她母親轉哭為笑。(give way to)
As the little girl woke up，____________________________________.
4．當她見到她分開多年的最好的朋友時，她的臉上洋溢著純粹的喜悅和幸福。(light up)
_________________________________________ when she saw her best friend after years apart.
her mother's tears gave way to laughter
Her face lit up with sheer delight and happiness
5．她心中涌起一陣驕傲，因為她成功地救了那個老人。(well up)
____________________________________________________________________
6．我傷心得說不出話來。(rob)
______________________________________________________
A burst of pride/Pride welled up inside her as she successfully saved the
old man.
The sadness robbed me of the power to say anything.
提分句式2　形容詞(短語)作狀語，描寫更生動
句型公式：①形容詞(短語)，主＋謂……
②主＋謂………，形容詞(短語)
形容詞(短語)作狀語可位于句首、句末或句中。其主要功能是表達人物做某個動作的原因、結果或者伴隨狀態，可以增強感染力，使描述更生動形象。
1．表原因
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Afraid of hearing the other name，I lowered my head and thought to myself.
我害怕聽到另一個名字，我低下頭想了想。
Eager to see the sunrise, they got up at four.
他們渴望看日出，4點鐘就起床了。
2．表結果
After the long journey, he finally got home, tired out/worn out/exhausted.
經過長途跋涉，他終于回到了家，累的精疲力盡。
Jack came back home from the disaster area, safe and sound.
杰克從災區安然無恙地回到家中。
3．表伴隨
Deep in thought, Mary sat still against the door.
瑪麗靜靜地坐在門口，陷入沉思。
Lost in the forest, Mary lay under a tree, full of fear and despair.
瑪麗迷失在森林里，躺在樹下，充滿了恐懼和絕望。
即時演練2
用形容詞作狀語完成/翻譯下列句子
1．他的父母對他的表現很滿意，于是給他買了一輛自行車作為獎勵。
____________________________ , his parents bought him a bicycle as a reward.
2．我轉過身來面對她，準備好了讓她看到我眼中的憤怒和失望。
I turned over and faced her，__________________________________
_____________________________.
Satisfied with his performance
ready to let her see the anger and
disappointment in my eyes
3．我們看著房屋被暴風雨摧毀，無助而絕望。
We watched the houses being destroyed by the storm，______________
_________.
4．由于擔心她母親的健康狀況，她不得不提前回家。
___________________________________________________________________
helpless and
hopeless
Worried about her mother's health, she had to return home ahead of
time.
5．五個小時后，他們終于回到了家，疲憊而又興奮。
_______________________________________________________
6．我擔心女兒的安全，給女兒打了很多次電話。
_______________________________________________________
Five hours later, they arrived home eventually, tired but excited.
Anxious about my daughter's safety，I called her many times.
提分句式3　非謂語動詞作狀語，表達更簡潔
非謂語動詞doing, having done和done作狀語時，主要表示原因、結果或伴隨情況。doing/having done形式所表達的動作與主語之間構成主動關系，done則與主語構成被動關系。用非謂語動詞把同時發生或先后發生的兩個動作連接起來，這樣句子就不會顯得單調，每個動作也能更緊密地銜接在一起。
句型公式1：主語＋did sth., doing...或者Doing...，主語＋did sth.
分析：兩個動作同時發生，而且主語都一樣，就可以用分詞作狀語，doing表示主動。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)We talked for a while, recalling the journey I embarked on and the doubts I overcame.
我們聊了一會兒，回憶起我開始的旅程和我克服的疑慮。
句型公式 2：主語＋ did sth., done...或者Done...，主語＋did sth.
分析：done與邏輯主語是被動關系。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement and pride at his words, I simply stood there dumbfounded.
我對他的話感到了一種強烈的興奮和自豪，但我只是目瞪口呆地站在那里。
Immersed in a strong sense of fear, she could not say a word.
她沉浸在一種強烈的恐懼感中，一句話也說不出來。
句型公式3：Having done sth., sb. did sth.
分析：如果想強調同一個主語一個動作做完之后又做了另一個動作，就可以把先發生的用 having done的形式來表示。
Having walked for quite a long time, she found herself lost.
＝After she walked for quite a long time, she found herself lost.
走了很長時間后，她發現自己迷路了。
即時演練3
Ⅰ.用非謂語動詞作狀語升級下列句子
1．She felt exhausted and sat by the stream, and rested her aching feet.
→She felt exhausted and sat by the stream，____________________.
2．She was dressed in a Santa Claus costume, she slipped into the room without being noticed.
→______________________________ , she slipped into the room without being noticed.
resting her aching feet
Dressed in a Santa Claus costume
3．Sam felt so angry that he stormed out of the room, and slammed the door angrily behind him.
→Sam felt so angry that he stormed out of the room, _______________
_____________ behind him.
4．After the woman waited in line for an hour at the bank, she grew impatient and left.
→_____________________________________, the woman grew impatient and left.
slamming the
door angrily
Having waited in line for an hour at the bank
5．He was misunderstood by his teacher and laughed at by everyone, he felt rather upset and depressed.
→________________________________________________ , he felt rather upset and depressed.
Misunderstood by his teacher and laughed at by everyone
6．The teacher sat down on the bench, next to Gemma, patted her shoulder gently, and said gently，“I know you were just too nervous, but it's okay.”
→_______________________ , next to Gemma, the teacher patted her shoulder gently，_____________，“I know you were just too nervous, but it's okay.”
Sitting down on the bench
saying gently
7．After he reviewed his lessons for a whole weekend at home, he expected the coming exam with confidence.
→______________________________________________ , he expected the coming exam with confidence.
Having reviewed his lessons for a whole weekend at home
Ⅱ.用非謂語動詞作狀語完成/翻譯下列句子
1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)聽到老師的鼓勵，我對寫作更有信心了。
_______________________________，I am even more confident to writing.
2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我被他的話打動了，于是我決定在寫作上取得更大的進步，以達到他的期望。
__________________，I made up my mind to make more progress in writing so as to live up to his expectation.
Hearing my teacher's encouragement
Struck by his words
3．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)在歡呼聲中，我在記者的鏡頭前，在數千名家長和學生的目光下接受了金牌。(overwhelm)
_______________________，I accepted the gold medal in front of cameras of reporters and thousands of eyes of parents and students.
4．(2022·1月浙江卷)我深知自己的優點和缺點，所以我決定專注于與這些主題打交道的工作。
___________________________________________，I decided to focus on the task of working with the subjects.
Overwhelmed with cheers
Knowing my strengths and weaknesses all too well
5．聽到這話，簡用盡全力抓住把手，把門拉開了。
____________ , Jane took hold of the handle，_________________, and was able to pull the door open.
6．承諾了五點之前我們能到那兒，所以當車拋錨的時候，我非常慌張。
_____________________________________________，I was seized with panic when the car broke down.
Hearing that
using all her strength
Having promised that we would get there before five
7．她感到令人難以忍受的寒冷和疲憊，她不知道如何應對這種可怕的情況。
_________________________________,she had no idea how to cope with the terrible situation.
8．她感到一陣悲傷，忍不住地哭了起來。
___________________________________________
Feeling unbearably cold and exhausted
Feeling a surge of sadness, she couldn't help crying.
提分句式4　獨立主格與with復合結構，句式更靈活
非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須與主句主語保持一致。若不一致，非謂語動詞形式須另帶主語，從而構成復合結構的形式作狀語，這種結構稱為獨立主格結構。獨立主格結構，一般用逗號與主句分開，其作用相當于一個狀語從句或并列句，常用來表示時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等。獨立主格經常可以和with復合結構互換。
句型公式：①獨立主格結構：名詞/代詞＋非謂語動詞(-ing形式、-ed 形式或不定式)、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語。
②with復合結構： with＋名詞/代詞＋非謂語動詞(-ing形式、-ed 形式或不定式)、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)As I entered, he looked up from his desk，(with) a warm smile spreading across his face.
我進去的時候，他從桌子上抬起頭來，臉上露出了溫暖的微笑。
Her father was lying on his back，(with) his dog trapped under the truck.
她的父親仰面躺著，他的狗被困在卡車下面。
即時演練4
Ⅰ.用獨立主格與with復合結構升級下列句子
1．He struggled to run towards the finishing line.His mouth was dry and his legs trembled.
→He struggled to run towards the finishing line，_________________
________________.(獨立主格結構)
→He struggled to run towards the finishing line，__________________
_____________________.(with復合結構)
his mouth dry and his
legs trembling
with his mouth dry
and his legs trembling
2．Her eyes sparkled with excitement, and she struggled to her feet and shouted，“I'm here！”
→_____________________ with excitement, she struggled to her feet and shouted，“I'm here！”(獨立主格結構)
→______________________ with excitement, she struggled to her feet and shouted，“I'm here！”(with復合結構)
Her eyes sparkling
With her eyes sparkling
3．He cast us a glance, and his face wore a warm smile.
→He cast us a glance, ________________________________.(獨立主格結構)
→He cast us a glance, ___________________________________.(with
復合結構)
his face wearing a warm smile
with his face wearing a warm smile
4．His wife was in deep sorrow and her eyes were full of tears.
→His wife was in deep sorrow, ____________________.(獨立主格結構)
→His wife was in deep sorrow, ________________________.(with復合結構)
her eyes full of tears
with her eyes full of tears
Ⅱ.用獨立主格與with復合結構完成/翻譯下列句子
1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我是如此的高興和激動，(與)淚水模糊了我的眼睛。
I was so happy and thrilled, ________________________________.
2．幾秒鐘后，那個女孩出現了，手里緊緊地拿著一個紙袋。
In a few seconds, the girl turned up，___________________________
_______.
(with) tears blurring my eyes
with a paper bag held tightly in her
hand
3．它披著棕色的卷發，四下張望，眼睛里閃爍著好奇和有點不安。
Coated with brown curly hair, it looked everywhere, ________________
________________________________________.
4．眼睛凝視著家庭相冊，他想到了他和祖父母在一起的快樂時光。
____________________________________ , he thought of the fun he had when he lived with his grandparents.
eyes sparkling
with curiosity and a little uneasiness
(With) his eyes fixed on the family album
5．淚水涌上眼睛，他用顫抖的聲音向警察道謝。
_______________________________, he thanked the police in a trembling voice.
6．天逐漸變黑，所以簡在森林中迷路了。
_____________________________________________________
(With) tears welling up in his eyes
With the sky turning dark gradually, Jane got lost in the forest.
7．他沖進房間，心臟狂跳，滿臉通紅。
__________________________________________________________
8．他躺在草地上，雙手交叉在頭頂下。
__________________________________________________________
He rushed to the room with his heart beating wildly and his face flushing.
He was lying on the grass，(with) his hands crossed under his head.
提分句式5　運用虛擬語氣，文采更出眾
虛擬語氣是通過語法手段來表達出對別人的尊敬或盡量使自己的語氣委婉、客氣的效果。虛擬語氣的形式多種多樣，在寫作中，虛擬語氣能夠表達其他任何語氣所無法取代的豐富的感彩。
我們使用虛擬語氣時，多數情況是因為表達者的語用目的，而不是簡單表達一個相反的事實。說話者一般都是借助這個“虛擬情況”委婉表達一個言外之意，達到一個特定的交流目的，在很大程度上避免出現尷尬處境。例如：
If I had enough money, I would help you.
如果我有足夠的錢，我就會幫助你。
分析：這句話的真正含義是I will not help you，通過使用if條件句，help的行為便成了一種假設的虛擬行為。聽話者從該條件可以自己推斷出這樣的結論：我可能不幫你。
一、虛擬語氣的常用句式
句型公式1：“If sb. had done..., sb. would have done”或者“Had sb. done..., sb. would have done”如果某人過去……，某人就……
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)If I hadn't attended the contest, I wouldn't have won the gold medal!
＝Had I not attended the contest，I wouldn't have won the gold medal!
如果我沒有參加比賽，我就不會獲得金牌！
句型公式2：“Without/But for..., sb. would have done”要不是……
分析：該句式相當于 If there had not been..., sb. would have done 或者 Had there not been..., sb. would have done
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Without your recognition and guidance，I couldn't have written this article.Again thank you very much!
如果沒有你的認可和指導，我就不可能寫這篇文章。再次非常感謝你！
句型公式3：“If only sb. had done...”某人要是……就好了
If only I had been the third runner who had got to the finish line.
要是我是第三位到達終點線的跑步者該多好啊！
句型公式4：How sb. wished that...had (not) done sth.! 某人多么希望……
How Timmy wished that he hadn't been so rude to his coach!
蒂米多么希望他沒有那么粗魯的對待教練啊！
句型公式5：sb.＋謂語， wishing that sb. had (not) done sth.
I was rooted on the ground due to being frightened, wishing that I had refused my mother's advice yesterday.
我由于恐懼而站在地上，真希望我昨天拒絕了媽媽的建議。
句型公式6：“sb.＋謂語， as if sb. had done”表達形象生動
The glasses dropped into the river, as if the water had swallowed them.
眼鏡掉到河里，好像被水吞沒了。
二、虛擬語氣表達不同情緒
1．后悔、遺憾、悔恨
If I had taken his advice，I wouldn't have been trapped in the awful situation now!
如果我采納了他的建議，我現在就不會被困在這個可怕的境地了！
2．生氣、憤怒
“If you had been more patient, the situation would not have been so terrible.”I couldn't contain my anger and shouted at him.
“如果你能再耐心點，情況就不會那么糟糕，”我不能抑制我的憤怒并大聲對他喊叫。
3．感激
But for/Without his help, I wouldn't have got out of trouble.I owed all my luck to him.
＝If it had not been for his help，I wouldn't have got out of trouble.I owed all my luck to him.
如果沒有他的幫助，我不可能走出困境。我把我所有的運氣都歸功于他。
即時演練5
Ⅰ.用虛擬語氣升級下列句子
1．If it hadn't been for your advice，I wouldn't have succeeded.
→___________________________I wouldn't have succeeded.(but for/without)
2．If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have made such a mistake.
→______________________,you wouldn't have made such a mistake.(倒裝)
Without/But for your advice
Had you taken my advice
3．If it had not been for your selfless help, I wouldn't have finally made great progress in my English.
→__________________________________，I wouldn't have finally made great progress in my English.(倒裝)
→___________________________________，I wouldn't have finally made great progress in my English.(but for/without)
Had it not been for your selfless help
But for/Without your selfless help
Ⅱ.用虛擬語氣完成/翻譯下列句子
1．我幾乎快要崩潰了。我多么希望我以前好好努力了。 (how)
I was almost on the edge of breaking down.________________________
______________.
2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)“要不是因為你，先生，我就不會成功的。”我衷心地感謝了他。(倒裝)
“_______________________________________________.”I thanked him with heartfelt gratitude.
How I wish I had worked
hard before
Had it not been for you, mister，I wouldn't have made it
3．他翻了相冊，希望自己昨晚參加了派對。
He turned over the photo album, ________________________________
__________.
4．沒有埃里克的鼓勵，我剩下的時間都沉浸在悲傷之中。
__________________________________，I would have been immersed in sorrow for the rest of the day.
wishing that he had joined the party
last night
Without/But for Eric's encouragement
5．要不是我的粗魯，我們就不會吵架了。
________________________________________________________
6．“要是我當初聽取了媽媽的建議該多好！”小女孩低聲對自己說。
______________________________________________________________________________________
But for my rudeness, we wouldn't have quarreled with each other.
“If only I had listened to my mother's advice！” the little girl
whispered to herself.
提分句式6　運用倒裝句，句子更亮眼
倒裝句的使用豐富了語言表達，讓句式更加多樣。因此，寫作中適當用一些倒裝句式會使文章的表達更生動、有力、讓閱卷老師眼前一亮。
部分倒裝1: So＋adj./adv.＋be動詞/助動詞＋主語．..that... 如此……以至于……
During the exam, so nervous was I that my mind went blank.
考試中我如此緊張以至于大腦一片空白。
部分倒裝2：n./adj./adv.＋as/though＋主語＋謂語，主句　盡管/雖然……
Disappointed as/though I was, I still managed a weak smile on my face.
雖然我很失望，我依然擠出一絲微笑。
部分倒裝3：Only＋狀語/狀語從句＋助動詞/情態動詞/be動詞＋主語＋其他　只有……
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Only by daring to try can we make a breakthrough.
只有敢于嘗試，我們才能取得突破。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I encouraged David who was at a loss，“Do keep in mind that only by possessing a good state of mind can you attain success.”
我鼓勵不知所措的大衛：“務必記住只有擁有良好的心態你才能獲得成功。”
部分倒裝4：Not until＋狀語/狀語從句＋助動詞＋主語．..
Not until he had failed in the job interview did he realize how important confidence was.
直到他面試失敗，他才意識到自信是多么重要。
部分倒裝5：Hardly had sb. done...when.../No sooner had sb. done...than...　一……就……
No sooner had he realized his mistake than he apologized to his friend.
他一意識到自己的錯誤就向朋友道歉。
全部倒裝6：Here/There/Out/In/Up/Down/Away/Now/Then...＋謂語(表示運動的不及物動詞)＋主語
Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.
一聲吼叫，呼地從叢林中竄出一只老虎。
全部倒裝7：介詞短語＋謂語(不及物動詞，如 lie, stand, sit, exist, stretch, come)或系動詞be＋主語(名詞)
In the doorway stood a man with a hammer.
門口站著一個拿錘子的人。
全部倒裝8：分詞短語＋ be＋主語(名詞)
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.
躺在地板上的是一個約17歲的男孩。
即時演練6
Ⅰ.用倒裝升級下列句子
1．Though we were stressed out, our eyes were glittering with hope.
→____________________________,our eyes were glittering with hope.
2．Hearing the cry, the boy rushed out in an instant, trying to find out what had happened.
→Hearing the cry，_____________________________ , trying to find out what had happened.
Stressed out as/though we were
out rushed the boy in an instant
3．The little girl was so particular about/over food that her parents shed tears of anxiety and worry.
→________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．I didn't realize a small act of care can melt people's loneliness until I experienced the event.
→____________________________________________________________________________________________________
So particular about/over food was the little girl that her parents shed tears of anxiety and worry.
Not until I experienced the event did I realize a small act of care can melt people's loneliness.
5．Mike had hardly finished his performance when the audience all rose to their feet, clapping wildly.
→______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hardly had Mike finished his performance when the audience all rose to their feet, clapping wildly.
Ⅱ.用倒裝完成/翻譯下列句子
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)盡管他很痛苦，也有點尷尬，但他仍然拖著腳繼續前進。
________________________________________, he still dragged his feet to keep moving forward.
2．看到考試的結果，我是如此的絕望，我覺得自己好像被撕成了碎片。
Seeing the result of the exam，_________________________________
_______________.
Painful and a bit embarrassed as/though he was
so desperate was I that I felt as if I were
torn into pieces
3．他突然發現自己站在一座山的山腳下，山頂上有一座古寺廟。
He suddenly found himself standing at the foot of a hill，____________
__________________________.
4．直到我經歷了這場事故，我才意識到壞運氣有可能是正在等待開啟的門。
____________________________________________ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.
on top of which
stood an old temple
Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that
5．我打開門，邁克爾站在那里，渾身都是泥。
_______________________________________________________
I opened the door, and there stood Michael, all covered in mud.
提分句式7　運用強調句，習作更出彩
強調句型的使用是為了突出強調句子的某一部分，它是一種比較容易掌握的高級表達方式。其構成為：It is/was＋被強調部分＋that/who＋其他。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)I said，“It's you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher.”
我說：“是你讓我愛上了寫作，我的社會研究老師。”
It was not until then that I realized Mama lied to us just out of love.
直到那時我才意識到出于愛，媽媽對我們說了謊。
即時演練7
Ⅰ.用強調句型升級下列句子(強調黑體部分)
1．My determination and efforts helped me achieve my dream.
__________________________________________________________
2．I came to know a truth—a small act of kindness can make a big difference on that day.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was my determination and efforts that helped me achieve my dream.
It was on that day that I came to know a truth—a small act of kindness can make a big difference.
3．We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness.
→__________________________________________________________________________________
4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Devin made his final decision at that moment.
→___________________________________________________
It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
It was at that moment that Devin made his final decision.
Ⅱ.用強調句型翻譯下列句子
1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)就在這時，一股暖流涌過了我的身體。
_____________________________________________________________________________
2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)正是他勇敢的心和堅強的信念，最終會讓一些不尋常的事情發生。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
It was at that moment that a warm surge of streams washed through my body.
It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally.
3．正是這次特別的經歷讓我意識到寬恕是一種重要的美德。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4．就在那天，我意識到爸爸在我這個年齡所取得的成就比我所做的要大得多。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was the special experience that made me realize forgiving is an important virtue.
It was on that day that I realized what Dad had accomplished at my age was much greater than I did.
第三節　生動描寫
敘述和描寫都是記敘文寫作中的主要表達方式。
1．敘述(narration)是將事情的前后經過記錄下來，主要用來交代人物活動和事件經過，展開情節。
2．描寫(description)則指通過各個感官的細節描述，用生動形象的語言把人物、景物的狀態具體地描繪出來。
高效技法1　過程化：運用動作鏈，營造畫面感
考生要學會分解動作，形成一個細化的動作鏈，比如浙江高考讀后續寫中 Mac遇到狼上車的動作，不是簡單的get in the car就可以解決的，過于籠統的描述使描寫空洞乏味，學生要善于捕捉這個關鍵的慢鏡頭，并將Mac的動作按照時間軸分解為jump off the bicycle—dash into the back seat of the car—slam the door—lean against the seat, breathless 等動作鏈來描寫，通過動作鏈可形成動作面，使情景具有畫面感，那么如何設計動作鏈和動作面呢？
一、分解動作，形成動作鏈
句型公式1：主語＋動作A，動作B and 動作C
該句式中連詞 and連接三個或三個以上的動作，構成動作鏈，動詞的時態是一致的。
①I approached Dad, proudly took out of my own money and handed it to him.
我走近爸爸，驕傲地拿出我自己的錢遞給他。
②Her pulses beat fast, and the blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.
她的心跳加快，熱血溫暖了全身，身心完全地放松下來。
句型公式2：主語＋動作A and動作B，非謂語動詞/非謂語動詞，主語＋動作A and動作B
該句中連詞and連接兩個或兩個以上的動作，構成動作鏈。非謂語動詞作狀語，可置于句首或句尾。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, saying，“Great.Now, write it again.”
當我把文章交給我的老師時，他讀了它，大聲笑著，說：“很好。現在，再寫一遍。”
Putting on his coat, he stormed out and slammed the door shut.
他穿上外套，怒氣沖沖地跑了出去，把門重重地關上。
句型公式3：時間狀語從句＋主句
動作鏈的表達可用狀語從句，如when, while, as, before, after引導的時間狀語從句來體現。
After I had left something in the cloakroom，I went inside to get it.
我在衣帽間落下了點東西，然后就進去拿了。
二、動作鏈可以和情感，環境，心理，語言等結合，形成動作面
①Burning with anger, he glared at me with his big frightening eyes, yelling，“You' re such an idiot.”
分析：此處的burning with anger是情感描寫， glare和yell是動作鏈，同時將動作和語言描寫結合在了一起，形成了飽滿的動作面，屬于高分表達。
②As night was beginning to fall, Jane sat on the grass, staring at the vast sky, frightened and ravenous.
分析：此處將環境描寫，動作描寫以及情感描寫結合在一起，形成了飽滿的動作面。
即時演練1
Ⅰ.根據提示，用英語寫出動作鏈或動作面
1．洛娜(Lorna)看夜空：走到窗前＋打開窗戶＋抬頭看著外面的夜空。(并列謂語)
__________________________________________________________
Lorna came to the window, opened it and looked out up at the night sky.
2．她看照片：拿起照片＋盯著它看了一會兒＋小心翼翼地把它放進了相冊里。(并列謂語)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3．簡沿著小溪走：感覺更強壯＋沿著小溪走著＋希望它能把她帶到湖邊。(非謂語動詞)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
She picked up the photo, stared at it for a while and placed it carefully into the album.
Feeling stronger now, Jane walked along the stream, hoping that it would lead her to the lake.
4．他們仰望天空：站在空蕩的路邊＋仰望天空＋感受到珍貴的寧靜。(非謂語動詞)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5．我跑步：穿著平常的跑步服＋帶著自信的微笑＋迅速掠過了他們。(非謂語動詞；介詞短語)
_______________________________________________________________________________
Standing beside the empty road, they looked up into the sky, feeling the precious peace.
Wearing my usual running clothes，I brushed past them with a confident smile.
Ⅱ.運用動作鏈和動作面的技巧完善下面的作文
In the morning, as scheduled，_________________________________
_________________________________________(雙胞胎早早起床，踮著腳走進了廚房，從袋子里舀出面粉)．Once they set about making bread, they felt confused.At that time，____________________________________
______________________________________________(他們的爸爸溜進廚房，輕拍雙胞胎的肩膀，柔聲安慰道)，
the twins got up early, tiptoed to the
kitchen and scooped some flour out of the bag
their father slid into the kitchen, patting the
twins' shoulders and comforting them in a soft voice
“Don't quit.You can overcome the challenge.” The twins made the bread smoothly.Then __________________________________________________
_________ (他們端著早餐，向樓上走去，喊醒他們的媽媽)．With her eyes glittering with excitement, so content was the mother that she gathered her children into her arms.
they carried the breakfast, advanced upstairs and woke up their
mother
高效技法2　精準化：精選動詞，刻畫具體的動作
不用抽象或虛化的動詞描述，而是使用含義比較精確的描寫。試比較下面兩句：
①The little boy said sorry to his mother.
小男孩對他媽媽說對不起。
②The little boy hung his head and mumbled an apology to his mother.
小男孩垂著頭，咕噥著向他母親道歉。
類型一：緩慢移動
edge v．緩慢地移動 She edged her way through the crowd.
她在人群中慢慢向前移動。
inch v．緩慢地移動 He inched his way through the narrow passage.
他一點一點地穿過狹窄的通道。
類型二：閑逛散步
stroll v. 閑逛；漫步 We are strolling through a secluded walk.
我們正漫步穿過一條僻靜的小徑。
ramble v. 閑逛；散步 He rambled till supper time through the orderly avenues between the lines of walnut trees.
他在兩旁胡桃樹整齊林立的街道上散步一直到吃晚飯時。
類型三：踱步
pace v. 來回踱步 Before the play，I paced back and forth in the room.
演出前，我在房間里來回踱步。
類型四：躡手躡腳地走
creep v. 躡手躡腳地 移動 Then I crept downstairs and examined the tags attached to each of the packages.
然后我悄悄地走到樓下，檢查了每個包裹上的標簽。
tiptoe v. 躡手躡腳地 Curious to know what was inside, he tiptoed into the dark cave.
他好奇地想知道里面是什么，踮著腳走進了黑暗的洞穴。
類型五：蹣跚；走得不穩
stagger v．蹣跚 He clutched his chest, staggered to the nearest building and slumped sitting to the sidewalk.
他抓住胸口，步履蹣跚地走到最近的墻旁，頹然倒在人行道上。
stumble v. 跌跌撞撞地走 The thick smoke caused him to stumble blindly around, burned his eyes, and made it impossible to breathe.
濃煙使他盲目地跌跌撞撞地走，灼傷了他的眼睛，使他無法呼吸。
類型六：快走
storm out of 氣沖沖地走出 He stormed out of the room in a burst of anger and slammed the door furiously.
他怒氣沖沖地沖出房間，狠狠地關上門。
hustle v．快速 行走；趕緊 You'll have to hustle if you're to get home for supper.
你想趕回家吃晚飯的話，就得加快速度。
leap to one's feet 跳躍 He leapt to his feet and rushed out of the living room.
他一躍而起，沖出了客廳。
spring from 從……跳起來 He sprung from his chair and rushed to pick up the telephone.
他從椅子上跳起來，跑去接電話。
類型七：朝……走
made one's way 朝……走 Then Lisa stood up and made her way through the crowd toward me.
然后麗莎站了起來，穿過人群朝我走來。
head for 去往…… Clutching the tin can, he headed for the shop.
他抓著鐵罐，向商店走去。
即時演練2
運用具體動詞翻譯下列句子
1．她沿著小路躡手躡腳地走著，迅速彎下腰，輕輕地用雙手罩著蝴蝶。(creep, cup)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2．她向前沖過去，跪下來，把兒子抱在懷里。(dash, gather)
__________________________________________________________
She crept along the path, bent over swiftly and cupped her hands around the butterfly gently.　
She dashed forward, knelt down and gathered her son into her arms.　
3．孩子們興奮地沖到湖邊，脫下衣服，跳進水里。(rush, dive)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
4．歌手瞥了一眼觀眾，深吸了一口氣，開始唱歌。(glance)
___________________________________________________________________________
The children rushed excitedly to the lake, took off their clothes and dived into the water.　
The singer glanced at the audience, took a deep breath and began to sing.　
5．男孩把最后一個包舉到肩上，露出了燦爛的微笑。 (flash)
__________________________________________________________
6．男孩把書放在原處，小心翼翼地走出房間。(tiptoe)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder, and flashed a bright smile.　
Putting the book where it belonged, the boy tiptoed out of the room as lightly as possible.　
高效技法3　形象化：添加修飾成分，做到描寫生動
除了精準選用表示動作的詞語，還要給動詞加上適當的修飾成分，使動作更加形象生動。適當的修飾語能細致地表達出動作的時間、幅度、速度、力度等，使人物形象更具活力，能更好地表現人物的鮮明個性與思想境界。動作描寫中最常見的修飾成分就是狀語，如副詞、介詞短語等。其次是定語，如形容詞等。
在體現動作的迅速和短暫時，我們可以添加以下修飾語： immediately, without delay, witout hesitation等。
比如下面兩個句子：
①The wolf also noticed them and turned its head back, shouting at Paul and Becky.
狼也注意到他們，回頭朝保羅和貝基喊叫。
②At the same time, the wolf also noticed them and fiercely turned its head back, shouting loudly at Paul and Becky.
與此同時，狼也注意到了他們，惡狠狠地轉過頭，對保羅和貝基大聲喊叫。
分析：第二句中加上 at the same time(與此同時), fiercely(激烈地), loudly(大聲地)，就把這兩個人遇到狼的危險情況生動地表達出來了。
句型公式1：“ with/in介詞短語＋主語＋謂語”或者“主語＋謂語＋with/in介詞短語”
說明：可以添加介詞短語修飾動詞。
①with＋情感名詞
with delight/excitement/pleasure/happiness/joy/
satisfaction/anger/rage/patience/fear/terror/embarrassment/
pride/caution/care/patience/certainty 等
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Then, with my heart fluttering with excitement，I attended the award presentation.
然后，我興奮得激動起來，參加了頒獎典禮。
②with＋身體部位
with its hungry red eyes/its sharp teeth/her shaky hand/her pale lips等
The ferocious wolf stared at Mac with its hungry red eyes.
兇猛的狼用它那只饑餓的紅眼睛盯著麥克。
③in＋情感名詞
in surprise/amazement/shock/sorrow等
When their mother saw the delicious and perfect breakfast in front of her, she widened her eyes in surprise.
當他們的媽媽看到眼前美味完美的早餐時，她驚訝地睜大了眼睛。
④in＋...voice
in a high/low/sweet/loud/soft/weak voice等
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Patting on his shoulder, I said in a soft voice，“I heard you had worked so hard for this event.”
我拍著他的肩膀，用一種溫柔的聲音說：“我聽說你為這次活動付出了那么多的努力。”
句型公式2：主語＋謂語＋富有表現力的副詞/介詞短語結構
常用的高頻副詞有： cheerfully, curiously, eagerly, excitedly, fiercely, firmly, joyfully, immediately, impatiently, restlessly, swiftly, suddenly等。如在體現動作的迅速時，可添加以下介詞短語： without pausing, without delay等。
Politely and excitedly, he asked Mrs.Meredith to teach him how to make popcorn.
他禮貌而興奮地請梅瑞狄斯太太教他如何做爆米花。
Mac jumped off the bike and slid into the car without delay.
麥克跳下自行車，立刻鉆進了車里。
句型公式3：富有表現力的形容詞＋名詞
恰當地運用富有表現力的形容詞，能有效提升句子的表現力，增強表現效果。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The whole class burst into thunderous applause.
After class, Anne and I rushed to the hall to accept the awards.
全班同學都爆發出雷鳴般的掌聲。下課后，安妮和我沖到大廳去接受頒獎典禮。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Before leaving his office，I expressed my utmost gratitude to him and hugged him again.
在離開他的辦公室之前，我對他表達了極大的感激，并再次擁抱了他。
即時演練3
運用富有表現力的形容詞、副詞或介詞短語完成/翻譯下列句子
1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我緊緊地擁抱著他，感激地說：“沒有你的鼓勵，我永遠不會報名參加寫作比賽。”
I __________________________________，“ Never will I sign up for the writing competition without your encouragement.”
hugged him tightly , saying thankfully
2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)當走到終點線時，他突然露出燦爛的笑容，興奮地向我揮手，喊道：“我成功了！ 我成功了！”
When approaching the finishing line, he __________________________
and ___________________________ , crying“I made it! I made it！”
burst into a big toothy smile
waved to me with excitement
3．然后，他感到有人輕輕地拍了拍他的肩膀。媽媽微笑著說，“令人驚訝的是，他們相處得很好，曾經精力充沛的波比又回來了。”
Then he ______________ on his shoulder.It was Mom ____________，
“___________ ,they get along so well and the once energetic Poppy came back again.”
4．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我逐漸被一種強烈的喜悅和幸福感所淹沒。
__________________________________________________________
felt a gentle pat
with a smile
Amazingly
I was gradually overwhelmed by a strong sense of joy and happiness.
5．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)他輕輕地拍了拍我。是我體貼的老師激勵我勇敢而積極地面對我的恐懼。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)大衛毫不猶豫地點頭表示同意，最終決定加入越野賽隊。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
He patted me gently.It is my considerate teacher who inspires me to face my fear bravely and positively.
Without hesitation, David nodded in agreement, finally deciding to join in the cross-country team.
7．當學生們下車時，詹姆斯驚訝地睜大了眼睛。
__________________________________________________________
8．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我的老師走進教室時，臉上露出了一種富有感染力的微笑。
___________________________________________________________________________________
When the students stepped off the bus, James's eyes widened in surprise.
My teacher entered the classroom with an infectious smile spreading on his face.(共68張PPT)
寫作培優　高分進階
第二部分　讀后續寫
第六講　續寫話題演練
Writing 1　個人成長類——電臺實習生成長記
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·臨沂市統考一模)
I had a dream from primary school: to work in television.My parents owned a little grocery store, so we were definitely not fancy people.Thankfully, my dad had raised me to have a lot of confidence.He often said，“You can do anything you want to do.” My dad was particularly supportive.He was my steady rock—always there for me.
With his help and encouragement, I was admitted to the radio and television arts program at Ryerson in Toronto.I really loved the program and worked hard and I was named the most outstanding graduate.I felt like I was already living my dream.I began to think that maybe I could apply for an internship(實習資格) in CBC or CTV.
Luckily, Global Television had just started broadcasting in Canada that year.I thought to myself：I'm new and they're new, so if I'm going to get to know one person at Global, it might as well be the president.I was scared, but I knew deep down inside that this was what I wanted.When I called my dad and told him my plan, he said，“Good, Faye.That's exactly what you should do.”
With my heart just about pounding out of my body，I called up the president of Global Television.Suddenly Mr.Slaight was on the phone.“I've heard that your studio facilities are amazing.I could come at eleven o'clock on Monday or eleven o'clock on Sunday for a tour.What would suit you better？”I caught him totally off guard.He stuttered a bit, and then picked a day.When I hung up, I was scared but excited.
I arrived at the studio on the appointed day.When Mr.Slaight took me around, he looked at me and said，“What do you want？” He sounded furious but curious.“All I want is a chance to audition (試鏡)．I just want you to know my face.That's all I'm asking.”
I didn't know whether I'd ever hear from him again, but two weeks later, his secretary called，“Mr.Slight wants to know if you'd like to come and audition for a new school life show.”I immediately answered，“Sure！”
注意：續寫詞數應為150左右。
When I arrived at the station，I went direct into the audition and began my short performance.
Finally came the day of my first public appearance on live TV with my parents at home watching.
第一步　細讀原文，獲取雙線
人物 _______________________________________________
時間 _______________________________
地點 _________________________________________________
情節線 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
情感線 _________________________________________
主旨 _______________________
I, my dad, Mr.Slaight, Mr.Slaight' secretary
before working in television
at home, at Ryerson in Toronto, at the station
a dream of working in television→my dad encouraged me→I was
admitted to the radio and television arts program→his secretary
asked me to come and audition for a new school life show
ambitious→afraid→confident→anxious→excited
努力奮斗，實現夢想
第二步　研讀首句，巧定框架
1．兩段首句定一框
由第一段首句和第二段首句可以構思第一段內容：______________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
構思情節如下：
____________________________________________________
只有我面試通
過，這樣才有機會在電視上表演。所以我的表現最后一定是不錯的，并
且獲得了面試機會。
開始感到緊張→受到鼓勵→建立信心→努力排練
2．二框二首正能量
根據第二段首句和正能量結尾可以構思第二段內容：____________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
構思情節如下：
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
我開始第一次亮相，可以寫表演的順暢，是因為多天的排練和努力。演出大獲成功，名聲大噪等等，事業蒸蒸日上，最后點題呼應第一段由于爸爸的支持、幫助和鼓勵進行點題。
在舞臺上專心表演→大受歡迎→心中充滿了無限的喜悅→父母激勵我繼續努力實現自己的夢想
第三步　3句銜接，主旨升華
When I arrived at the station，I went direct into the audition and began my short performance.
1．_________________________________________________ (與第一段首句銜接，倒裝句)．..
Hardly had I said a few words when my mind went blank.
2．__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(與第二段首句銜接)
Finally came the day of my first public appearance on live TV with my parents at home watching.
3．_________________________________________________________ (與第二段首句銜接，介詞短語作狀語)．..
Whenever I felt worn out, my fatigue magically faded away after imagining the bright smile on my parents' cheeks when they saw my performance on TV.
Through the spotlight, what came into my sight was a full house.　
4．________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (主旨升華，虛擬語氣)
I deeply knew that without my father's help and encouragement，I wouldn't have fulfilled my dream and achieved so much.
第四步　語言提升，寫作定稿
注意詞匯精確化，句式多樣化，描寫生動化。
When I arrived at the station, I went direct into the audition and began my short performance.
Finally came the day of my first public appearance on live TV with my parents at home watching.
【參考范文】
When I arrived at the station，I went direct into the audition and began my short performance. Hardly had I said a few words when my mind went blank.Overwhelmed by a sense of nervousness，I began to stumble over my words.When I was at a loss, the chief examiner slowly came over and gently patted me on the shoulder, encouraging me not to be tense.Slowly, my previous restlessness gave way to the full confidence to well finish the performance.The next three minutes witnessed my smooth performance and I
was told to have passed the audition.During the next few days，I often threw myself into the rehearsal round the clock.Whenever I felt worn out, my fatigue magically faded away after imagining the bright smile on my parents' cheeks when they saw my performance on TV.
Finally came the day of my first public appearance on live TV with my parents at home watching. Through the spotlight, what came into my sight was a full house.With every line deeply engraved in my mind, I stood on the stage and devoted myself to the performance.Eventually, the show became a hit and its ratings were more than high.With infinite joy in my heart, I couldn't wait to share the good news with my parents.They inspired me to carry on and strive to shine in the industry.I deeply knew that without my father's help and encouragement，I wouldn't have fulfilled my dream and achieved so much.
Writing 2　家庭親情類——母子情深
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·揭陽市高三聯考)
Moving In
My eighty-five-year-old mother offered that familiar tilt(傾斜) of the head, the one that told me something was up.I tensed my shoulders and bit my lip, waiting for whatever was coming next.
I could handle it.She was predictable, though dramatic.I expected her to express her thoughts on the latest news or share the senior community news.
Instead, she calmly said, as though she were sharing her dinner menu，“I'm going to downsize and sell my house and nearly everything I own.” The breaking news was followed by a matter of fact stare.
“Do what？” I asked.“I'll be a floater，” she said.
“I'll stay with you, then with my brothers in Maine, and then with some of my friends.I'll just float around and enjoy myself.” She laughed as though she'd just discovered the perfect lifestyle.“I'll take my cat everywhere with me.I can't bear to leave him behind or give him away.What do you think？”
“No one will want you to show up with your cat.” My answer seemed a shock to her.After only seconds, she added，“Well, I just won't tell them he's coming.We'll just show up.What can they do？”
Shocked，I took a deep breath and forced myself to respond by explaining all the reasons why selling, moving in with me, and fearlessly dragging the cat across the country in secret were terrible ideas.
Unbothered, she simply said，“You're so dramatic.It'll be fine.”
I didn't take her announcement seriously.A few days after her announcement, my brother and I enjoyed a few laughs over her idea.After all, our mother was too independent to be placed in a place long-term with any of her children.She had made this clear on many occasions when I'd begged to live next door to her.I'd wanted to be close enough to watch over her but not too close, but she'd always refused.
I enjoyed living alone, hearing the quiet, writing and reading.I hated noise.My mother loved radio, television, and phone calls, endless phone calls.We would not make good housemates.
注意：續寫詞數應為150 左右。
I really panicked when she started having yard sales.
I took her to my home from the hospital happily, no longer bothered by her moving in.
第一步　細讀原文，獲取雙線
人物 __________________
時間 ______________________________________
地點 __________
情節線 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
情感線 puzzled→shocked
主旨 理解母親，尊重母親
my mother and I
at her age of eighty-five years old
at home
mother wanted to sell her house→I can't believe→mother
explained→I felt shocked and explained→we woudn't make good
housemates
第二步　研讀首句，巧定框架
1．兩段首句定一框
由第一段首句內容“她開始搞庭院甩賣的時候，我真的慌了”可知，第一段可描寫______________________________________________
_______________________________
構思情節如下：
__________________________________________
作者得知母親真的在賣房子時的恐慌，后來母親生病
住院及照顧母親的情景。
恐慌→確認→母親生病住院→照顧母親
2．二框二首正能量
根據第二段首句和正能量結尾可以構思第二段內容：____________
________________________________________________________________________________
構思情節如下：
_________________________________________________________________________
描寫作者把康復后的母親接回自己的家中，開始照顧她，并帶她去旅行，實現她的夢想。
接母親回自己家住→意識到親情的價值→帶母親旅行→實現她的夢想
第三步　3句銜接，主旨升華
I really panicked when she started having yard sales.
1．_____________________________________ (與第一段首句銜接，運用對話)．..
2．__________________________(與第二段首句銜接)
I took her to my home from the hospital happily, no longer bothered by her moving in.
“Are you serious？”I asked her one day.
Luckily, she recovered.
3．_______________________________________________________________________________(與第二段首句銜接，副詞作狀語)．..
4．___________________________________________________________________________________________________(主旨升華，倒裝句)
Actually，I am not saying we would get along perfectly, but I see
things differently.
Only then did I realize that it was kindness and love that made our
world so warm and beautiful.
第四步　語言提升，寫作定稿
注意詞匯精確化，句式多樣化，描寫生動化。
I really panicked when she started having yard sales.
I took her to my home from the hospital happily, no longer bothered by her moving in.
【參考范文】
I really panicked when she started having yard sales.“Are you serious？”I asked her one day.“Of course，” she answered.I forced myself to face what was happening, and I begged for some cherished items.Then one day Mom caught a bad cold and had a high fever.I was afraid and sent her to the hospital.During those days，I was no longer stressed about her floater plan, whether it was right or logical.I just wanted her to be okay.Luckily, she recovered.
I took her to my home from the hospital happily, no longer bothered by her moving in. Actually，I am not saying we would get along perfectly, but I see things differently.Her moving in with me hadn't been part of the plan—living next to her had been.I've realized I don't have to understand her, just love her while she's here and take every moment I have with her as a gift.Whenever I had time, I would take her to travel, to realize her dream.Only then did I realize that it was kindness and love that made our world so warm and beautiful.
Writing 3　友情友愛類—風雨之后見彩虹
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·揚州市高三調研測試)
I looked up from my desk to see the teacher writing on the board：“Battle of the Books！” She smiled and said，“This time it's a teamwork.You're going to be in teams of two, and set a reading goal.Every team that meets their goal by the end of the month will get a prize！” The lunch bell sounded before she could explain any more rules.
As I gathered my things，Liya passed my desk and said，“Teammates？” Since Liya and I shared the same interest in graphic novel(漫畫小說), and we took Hindi language class together, we teamed up automatically.I was both relieved and excited to have my team.Then we got to the cafeteria and quickly threw out a bunch of ideas of what to do at our table.
I looked to our third friend Kash, with whom the three of us always do stuff together，“Kash, do you have ideas for us？”“Why would I give you guys ideas？” he said gloomily(陰沉地)．“I'll save that for my team...whoever that is.Now I see how I rank in the friendship lineup.” Kash replied in an angry tone.
I knew he was mad for a reason.If I were him, not only would I think that I ranked last in that group, but I'd also be panicking about what team I could join.But now, I was on the inside and Kash wasn't, I felt like the only way to fix this would be three people on a team.So, as the teacher walked by our table, I asked for her permission.What surprised me was that she had intended to draw names to assign random groups, but didn't get a chance to say it before lunch.
Awkward and frustrated, we were stuck in this dilemma.Having first teamed up without Kash didn't mean we didn't like him.I knew we—especially I—wouldn't be able to enjoy any prize if our friend felt bad about being left out.So, I decided to do something to make it up for him and convince Kash he was an equal friend.
注意：續寫詞數應為150左右。
That night, I was struck by an idea as I read a graphic novel that all three of us liked.
The next day, I handed my pages of apology to Kash.
第一步　細讀原文，獲取雙線
人物 ________________________
時間 ____________________________________
地點 ____________
情節線 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
情感線 ________________________________________________________
主旨 __________________________
Kash, teacher, Liya，I
when we had a reading competition
at school
we're going to be in teams of two→our third friend Kash became
angry→we were stuck in this dilemma
relieved and excited→awkward and frustrated→ forgivable
消除誤會，再續友情
第二步　研讀首句，巧定框架
1．兩段首句定一框
由第一段首句內容“那天晚上，當我讀了一本我們三個人都喜歡的漫畫小說時，我被一個想法打動了。”和第二段首句內容可知，第一段可描寫_______________________________
構思情節如下：
___________________________________
我們寫道歉信、彌補友情的過程。
兩人商量→寫出道歉信
2．二框二首正能量
根據第二段首句和正能量結尾可以構思第二段內容：第二段可描寫_________________________________________________________
構思情節如下：
______________________
卡什接受我們的道歉、重新修復友誼的過程。
接受道歉→重歸于好
第三步　3句銜接，主旨升華
That night，I was struck by an idea as I read a graphic novel that all three of us liked.
1．___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (與第一段首句銜接，形容詞作狀語)．..
Thrilled and inspired，I sprang in front of my desk, racked my brains and started drawing a few scenes of three of us giggling, chattering and enjoying each other's company like we usually did.
2．____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (與第二段首句銜接)
The next day, I handed my pages of apology to Kash.
3．______________________________________(與第二段首句銜接，現在分詞作狀語)．..
Pierced to the heart with guilt，I gingerly tucked the paintings into an envelope, hoping this would be an ice-breaker.
He took it, looking surprised at the first sight.
4．______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(主旨升華，現在分詞作狀語)
We exchanged a knowing smile, realizing that sincerity, trust and communication were always the key to clearing up the misunderstanding between friends.
第四步　語言提升，寫作定稿
注意詞匯精確化，句式多樣化，描寫生動化。
That night, I was struck by an idea as I read a graphic novel that all three of us liked.
The next day, I handed my pages of apology to Kash.
【參考范文】
That night，I was struck by an idea as I read a graphic novel that all three of us liked.Thrilled and inspired, I sprang in front of my desk, racked my brains and started drawing a few scenes of three of us giggling, chattering and enjoying each other's company like we usually did.On the last page，I wrote，“Dear Kash, you are not the one left behind.Liya and I are so sorry about the way we messed things up.” Pierced to the heart with guilt，I gingerly tucked the paintings into an envelope, hoping this would be an ice-breaker.
The next day, I handed my pages of apology to Kash. He took it, looking surprised at the first sight.After he read it, an expression of intense joy illuminated his eyes.Blushed，I broke the silence，“I'm sorry, dude.We should have talked to you.” With her eyes fixed on the floor, Liya came over and apologized in a low voice，“You mean a lot to us.” Hearing her words, Kash shook his head and beamed，“I was too sensitive.” We exchanged a knowing smile, realizing that sincerity, trust and communication were always the key to clearing up the misunderstanding between friends.
Writing 4　和諧自然類——人貓情未了
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·南通市調研)
It was Christmas Eve morning, and I awoke with a mission: to find my lost cat, Baby-Girl.As I got ready，I could hear icy rain pelting the windows.Baby-Girl was out there somewhere in the storm.I could just feel it.Sure, it had been a couple of weeks since she'd gone missing, but I still had faith.This was the season for miracles, after all.
About two weeks ago, my sweet kitty disappeared from my parents' house in my hometown.Baby-Girl had been staying with them while I was between apartments.At the time, I lived and worked in another city.I was staying with friends until I rented my own house.Baby-Girl had gotten out of my parents' house the day before I was set to drive back home to pick her up.
My dad and I had spent that entire visit searching for her.Dad was a“realist”， which meant he spent a whole lot of time trying to prepare me for the worst.“She's either been hit by a car or been taken in by someone who found her，” he said.I rolled my eyes.He could do with a little more faith!
Besides, though I couldn't explain it, I knew I'd see Baby-Girl again.She could survive all on her own.If any cat could do the impossible, it was my Baby-Girl.Even after I returned to my house without her, deep down I had this undeniable feeling that we would be reunited one day.
Now, home again for the holidays, I was determined to pick up my search right where I'd left off.I grabbed Baby-Girl's cat carrier and loaded it into the car, then asked my dad to drive me to the shelter.
At the shelter, a staff member took us to see the cats.We walked through rows of cages.My eyes scanned cats of all colors and sizes.None of them was my Baby-Girl.Then I noticed a room farther back.I pushed ahead.“Sweetheart, that's where they keep the cats that just came in，” Dad said.“Your cat wouldn't be in there.”
注意：續寫詞數應為150左右。
I insisted it didn't hurt to look and stepped into the room.
Sensing their doubts, I was ready to prove she was my cat.
第一步　細讀原文，獲取雙線
人物 __________________________
時間 ________________________
地點 _________________
情節線 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
情感線 ________________________________
主旨 __________________________
Baby-Girl, my dad and I
Christmas Eve morning
at the shelter
my cat was missing→my dad and I searched for her→ I believed
that we would be reunited one day→we walked through rows of
cages
faithful→determined
關愛動物，初心不改
第二步　研讀首句，巧定框架
1．兩段首句定一框
由第一段首句內容“我堅持認為看看沒有關系，并走進了房間。”可知，第一段可描寫________________________________________
構思情節如下：
__________________________________________________________
作者在那個房間發現自己心愛的貓咪。
傳來了喵喵叫聲→發現我的小貓→收容所的工作人員懷疑不是我的
2．二框二首正能量
根據第二段首句和正能量結尾可以構思第二段內容：可描寫______
_____________________________________________________
構思情節如下：
__________________________________________________________
作者通
過自己與貓咪的互動證明這只貓就是自己丟失的那只。
證明她是我的貓→我訓練小貓→確認小貓
第三步　3句銜接，主旨升華
I insisted it didn't hurt to look and stepped into the room.
1．________________________________________(與第一段首句銜接，倒裝句)．..
2.____________________________________________________________________________________________ (與第二段首句銜接)
Sensing their doubts，I was ready to prove she was my cat.
Suddenly, there came a familiar meow.
The shelter staff were skeptical too, saying the cat had just been
brought in during the morning storm.
3．______________________________(與第二段首句銜接，副詞作狀語)．..
4．___________________________________________________ (主旨升華，引用名言)
Cautiously，I grabbed the carrier.
As a saying goes，“Stick to your hopes and never give up.”
第四步　語言提升，寫作定稿
注意詞匯精確化，句式多樣化，描寫生動化。
I insisted it didn't hurt to look and stepped into the room.
Sensing their doubts, I was ready to prove she was my cat.
【參考范文】
I insisted it didn't hurt to look and stepped into the room. Suddenly, there came a familiar meow.I followed the sound and my eyes fell on a little cat with big green eyes.She was skinnier than I remembered, but it was Baby-Girl! My eye swelled up with tears.I opened the cage door.Baby-Girl practically jumped into my arms.I held her close as Dad looked on.“There's just no way...，” he mumbled.The shelter staff were skeptical too, saying the cat had just been brought in during the morning storm.
Sensing their doubts，I was ready to prove she was my cat.Cautiously, I grabbed the carrier.I'd trained Baby-Girl to walk inside the carrier.Sure enough, when she was letdown, she made a dash for the carrier and rushed right inside.I was overjoyed to have her back.It was a miracle that she had managed to survive on her own for so long, and I was filled with admiration for her strength and determination.I thanked my lucky stars that I had never given up hope, and that I had come back to the shelter one last time.As a saying goes，“Stick to your hopes and never give up.”

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