資源簡(jiǎn)介

(共198張PPT)
Section A
Unit 3 Same or Different
1a Match each word with its opposite.
fast outgoing/'a tɡ /
shy/ a / boring
late short
tall quiet
lazy/'le zi/ early
loud/la d/ slow
funny hard-working/hɑ d 'w k /
1b Listen to the conversations. Tick the locations where the conversations take place.
Conversation 1: at the music club
at the music festival
Conversation 2: at the music club
at the music festival
√
√
1c Listen to the conversations again and complete the sentences.
1. Peter and Chen Jie are talking about the ___________________. Chen Jie is afraid of performing alone/ 'l n/ so they solve the problem by playing a song _________.
2. Mrs Brown and Peter are talking about _________ and _________show.
school music festival
together
Ella
Emma’s
1d Listen to the two conversations again. Match the characters with the correct descriptions.
Chen Jie
Peter
Emma
Ella
·plays the Chinese flute better
·is more outgoing
·is shyer
·works harder
·is taller
·has longer hair
·sings louder
·dances better
略
1e Use the information from 1d to make comparisons.
ls Ella taller than Emma
Who dances better, Ella or Emma
No, she is shorter than Emma.
...
Pronunciation
1 Listen and repeat. Add one more word to each group. （答案不唯一）
/ / / / er ir ur ear a e o er, or
term person ______ first dirty _____ nurse Thursday _______ early learn ____ about agree _____ quiet moment _______ together compare _______ number
doctor
______
perfect
bird
purple
earth
above
children
today
actor
2 Listen and repeat. Notice the intonation.
1. A: You know Ella and Emma They won the first prize in the school music festival.
B: Ella and Emma They did
A: Yes. They did.
2. Parent: How was school today
Child: I took part in the school music festival.
Parent: Today You did I thought the festival would be tomorrow.
Child: No. Today.
2a Han Lin is interviewing Emma and Ella for the school newspaper. Listen to their conversation and fill in the blanks.
Han Lin: Congratulations/k nɡr t u'le nz/ on winning the prize/pra z/ at the school music festival!
The twins: Thank you!
Han Lin: You attended / 'tend d/ the festival last year and this year. How is this year different
Ella: There are more students and more _________ this year. I think it is more _________ than last year.
Han Lin: As twins, you look very similar. How are you different
Emma: I’m a little _________ than Ella. And she is funnier than me.
Ella: Emma always _________ earlier than me. Many people say I’m lazier than Emma, but that’s not true! I work as hard as her!
~~~~
funny 的比較級(jí)
~~~
lazy 的比較級(jí)
activities
colourful
quieter
gets up
Han Lin: That’s really interesting. Besides /b 'sa dz/ _________, how do you both spend your spare/spe (r)/ time
Ella: I love ______________ more than anything.
Emma: I like reading. You see, we’re different in many ways, but together, we make a great team!
Han Lin: Thanks for talking with me.
The twins: Our pleasure /'ple (r)/!
~~~~~~~
注意區(qū)分,“Our/My pleasure.”常用于回答表示感謝的語(yǔ)句；“With pleasure.”用于愉快地答應(yīng)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)。
singing
playing sports
2b Read the conversation and answer the questions.
1. What does Ella think of the festival
2. What do Emma and Ella have in common
Ella/ She thinks the festival is more colourful this year.
Emma and Ella/ They both participated in the school music festival last year and this year. They look very similar. They are both hard-working.
3. How are they different
4. What do you think makes Emma and Ella a great team
Emma is a little quieter than Ella, and Ella is funnier than Emma. Emma always gets up earlier than Ella. Ella loves playing sports to spend her spare time, while Emma likes reading.
I think that although they are different in many ways, they have common goals, and support each other.（答案不唯一）
2c Listen to the conversation again. Then role-play it.
2d How can we make a comparison Add words to each aspect.
Appearance / 'p r ns/ Personality/p s 'n l ti/
·tall ·quiet
·strong ·outgoing
·short hair ·serious/'s ri s/
... ...
略
Habit Strength/stre θ/
·get up early ·run fast
·work hard ·sing well
... ...
2e Compare yourself with a partner using your ideas from 2d. Then answer the questions below.
A: I’m taller than you.
B: That’s true. I am a little shorter than you, but I can run faster than you.
A: Yes. I’m as hard-working as you, but you read more than me.
...
略
·How are you different from each other
·What do you have in common
·What can you learn from each other
Grammar Focus
3a Read the sentences and notice the comparatives in bold. Find more examples in Section A.
略
There are more activities this year. It is more colourful than last year.
Emma is taller than Ella, but her hair is shorter than Ella's.
Ella dances better than Emma, but Emma sings louder than her.
Emma always gets up earlier than me, but l work as hard as her!
3b Use the words in brackets to write questions and answers.
1. Q: Is Julie slimmer than you ( Julie / slim/sl m/ / you)
A: No, she isn’t. She is as slim as me.
2. Q: ____________________________________________
(you / serious / your cousin)
A: No, I’m not. I am ____________ than he is.
Are you as serious as your cousin
less serious
3. Q: ___________________________ (Tom / smart / Sam)
A: No, I don’t think so. I think Sam is as ___________ as Tom.
4. Q: ____________________________________
(Jack / swim / fast / Sally)
A: No, he doesn't. He swims as ___________ as Sally.
Is Tom smarter than Sam
smart
Does Jack swim faster than Sally
fast
3c Look at the chart. Then complete the sentences to compare Guangzhou and Chicago. Use the words in the box and than .
Facts /f kts/ Guangzhou Chicago
Population / p pju'le n/ (2023) 18.827 million 2.664 million
Area 7,436 square km 589 square km
Average/' v r d / rainfall per/p (r)/ year 1,923 mm 910 mm
Average January temperature 16℃ -6℃
Average July temperature 31℃ 23℃
1. The population of Chicago was ___________ that of Guangzhou in 2023.
2. In area, Guangzhou is ___________ Chicago.
3. If you don’t like rain, you may like Chicago’s weather ____________ Guangzhou’s.
4. Guangzhou has a pleasant /'pleznt/ temperature in January. It is much ______________ Chicago in January.
5. Chicago is ____________ Guangzhou in July.
large small much warm cool
smaller than
larger than
more than
warmer than
cooler than
1 compare /k m pe (r)/ v. 比較；對(duì)比（教材P21）
(觀察)· She compared her old car with the new one and found the new one more fuel-efficient. 她把自己的舊車與新車進(jìn)行了比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)新車更省油。
· Compare the weather in London with the weather in Paris.
比較倫敦和巴黎的天氣。
· The poet compared love to a rose, fragrant but thorny.
詩(shī)人將愛情比作玫瑰，芬芳卻帶刺。
探究一 核心單詞
歸納拓展 compare 動(dòng)詞，意為“比較”或“對(duì)比”。
compare 的用法：
（1）compare A with/to B 把A 與B 對(duì)比，常用于兩個(gè)同類事物之間的具體比較。
（2）compare with/to 與……類似
（3）compare A to B 把A 比作B，常用于兩個(gè)不同性質(zhì)的事物的抽象比較（表比喻）。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用1: ________________ (比較) with the past, the community canteens (食堂) are providing people, both young and old, with healthier and cheaper dishes now.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用2: 我們常把老師比喻成蠟燭。
We often __________ a teacher __________ a candle.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用3: 在邁克小時(shí)候，他的媽媽總是把他和其他的孩子做比較。
Mike’s mother always ___________ him __________ other children when he was young.
Compared
compare to
compared with
2 shy / a / adj. 害羞的（教材P22）
(觀察)· She is a shy girl who always keeps to herself.
她是一個(gè)害羞的女孩，總是獨(dú)來(lái)獨(dú)往。
· Tom often starts a conversation with a shy smile.
湯姆經(jīng)常害羞地笑著開始談話。
·He smiled shyly at her. 他害羞地對(duì)她笑了笑。
· Despite her shyness, Jane still tries to make new friends at
school. 盡管簡(jiǎn)很害羞，但她還是嘗試在學(xué)校結(jié)交新朋友。
歸納拓展
shy adj. 意為“害羞的”，在句中常作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。
shy 的副詞形式是shyly，意為“害羞地”；名詞形式是
shyness，意為“害羞”。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用4: Don’t be __________ （害羞的） when you speak English in public.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用5: Believe in yourself and you can overcome your __________ (shy).
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用6: [成都改編] 對(duì)于一個(gè)害羞的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，在課堂上發(fā)表演講需要勇氣。
__________ __________ __________ __________, it takes courage to give a speech in class.
shy
shyness
For a shy student
3 lazy /'le zi/ adj. 懶惰的；懶洋洋的（教材P22）
(觀察)· The cat is lazy and sleeps all day.
這只貓很懶，整天都在睡覺。
· He walked lazily down the street.
他懶洋洋地沿著街道走。
· His laziness has cost him his job.
他的懶惰讓他失去了工作。
歸納拓展
lazy adj. 懶惰的；懶洋洋的。其副詞形式是lazily，名詞形式是laziness；其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分別為lazier，laziest。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用7: I was feeling too l to go out.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用8: This dog is _________ (lazy) than that one.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用9: 我們?cè)诤┥蠎醒笱蟮囟冗^(guò)了一天。
We spent _________ _________ _________ on the beach.
azy
lazier
a lazy day
4 loud /la d/ adv. 大聲地 adj. 大聲的（教材P22）
(觀察)· “What are you doing here ” the giant cried in a loud voice.
巨人大聲喊道：“你們?cè)谶@里干什么？”
· Can you speak louder I can’t hear clearly. 你能說(shuō)大聲點(diǎn)嗎 我聽不清。
· He read the letter aloud to us. 他把信大聲念給我們聽。
· The audience laughed loudly at the joke. 觀眾聽到這笑話大笑起來(lái)。
· Do you have to play that music so loud 你非得把音樂放那么響嗎？
歸納拓展
loud 可以作形容詞，意為“大聲的”，還可以作副詞，意為“響亮地”。作副詞時(shí)，loud，aloud 與loudly 的區(qū)別用法如下：
易混詞 用法
loud 意為“大聲地；響亮地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)聲音響亮。
aloud 意為“大聲地；出聲地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)為了使人聽見而發(fā)聲，音量不一定大，常與read 等詞連用。無(wú)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式。
loudly 意為“大聲地；喧鬧地”，可形容人聲、敲門聲或其他聲音。是loud（大聲的）的副詞形式
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用10: Please read a to improve your pronunciation while learning English.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用11: I heard someone knocking at the door _________ (loud).
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用12: The teacher listened to the children reading _______.
A. loudly B. loud C. aloud D. quiet
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用13: 事實(shí)勝于雄辯。（翻譯句子）
_____________________________________________
loud
loudly
C
Actions speak louder than words.
5 outgoing /'a tɡ / adj. 外向的（教材P22 ）
(觀察)· Mary is an outgoing girl.瑪麗是一位外向的女孩。
· Among all the students in our class, Lily is the most outgoing.
在我們班所有的學(xué)生中，莉莉是最外向的。
·I am more outgoing than my sister. 我比我姐姐更外向。
· She is a quiet girl who prefers to read alone.
她是一個(gè)安靜的女孩，更喜歡獨(dú)自閱讀。
歸納拓展
outgoing 形容詞，意為“外向的”，在句中常作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。 outgoing 的反義詞是quiet，意為“安靜的”；比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分別是more outgoing 和the most outgoing。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用14: During the party, the _______________（外向的）children danced and sang happily.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用15: My friend Lily is ____________________ (outgoing) person I know.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用16: 比利過(guò)去很害羞，很安靜，但現(xiàn)在他很外向。
Billy used to be _________ __________ _________, but he
is _________ __________ now.
outgoing
the most outgoing
shy and quiet
very outgoing
6 hard-working /hɑ d 'w k /adj. 勤奮的（教材P22）
(觀察)· My friend is hard-working. He practices playing the piano every day. 我的朋友很勤奮，他每天都練習(xí)彈鋼琴。
· He is a hard-working student and always gets good grades.
他是一個(gè)勤奮的學(xué)生，總是取得好成績(jī)。
· Don’t be lazy. You should finish your tasks on time.
不要偷懶，你應(yīng)該按時(shí)完成你的任務(wù)。
· She is working hard to improve her reading skills.
她正在努力提高她的閱讀能力。
歸納拓展
hard-working 為合成形容詞，常作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)；其反義詞是lazy 懶惰的，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分別是more hard-working 和the most hard-working。
hard-working 是一個(gè)形容詞，用來(lái)描述人的特質(zhì)。
working hard 是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，表示“正在努力工作/ 學(xué)習(xí)”。
辨析: hard-working 與working hard
一語(yǔ)辨異
Lisa is hard-working. She likes working hard on her school project. 麗莎很勤奮。她很喜歡努力學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)校的項(xiàng)目。
~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用17: She is known for being __________________ (勤奮的) and dedicated to her work.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用18: John is _____________________ (hard-working) than he was last year.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用19: 她是我們班最勤奮的學(xué)生。 （翻譯句子）
________________________________________________
hard-working
more hard-working
She is the most hardworking student in our class.
7 perform /p 'f m/ v. 表演；執(zhí)行（教材P22）
(觀察)· He often performs the plays for the old.
他經(jīng)常為老人們表演戲劇。
· Tomorrow, we will perform a fire drill to practice what to do in case of a fire. 明天，我們將進(jìn)行消防演習(xí)，練習(xí)在發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)應(yīng)該做什么。
· I enjoyed the magic show at the school performance.
我喜歡學(xué)校表演中的魔術(shù)表演。
· My sister wants to be a famous singer and performer.
我姐姐/ 妹妹想成為一名著名的歌手和表演者。
歸納拓展
perform 作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“表演；執(zhí)行”。
perform 的同根詞：
(1)performance n. 表演；演出(-ance 是名詞后綴；行為)
(2)performer n. 表演者；演出者(-er 是名詞后綴；執(zhí)行者)
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用20: The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance _______________ (perform) which is quite popular these days.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用21: Lion dance is usually p by two people dressed in a lion costume.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用22: 這對(duì)雙胞胎將在學(xué)校藝術(shù)節(jié)上表演舞蹈。
The twins will _________ __________ __________ at the school art festival.
performance
erformed
perform a dance
8 alone / 'l n/ adj. & adv. 獨(dú)自；單獨(dú)（教材P22）
(觀察)·He was alone in the office. 他獨(dú)自在辦公室里。
· He lives alone in a small house near a river.
他獨(dú)自居住在河邊的一個(gè)小屋子里。
· She felt lonely after her husband’s death.
她丈夫去世后她感到孤獨(dú)。
· There is a lonely island in the middle of the lake.
湖中央有一個(gè)偏僻的小島。
辨析: alone 與lonely
alone 形容詞 “單獨(dú)的；獨(dú)自的”，常用作表語(yǔ)。 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上的單獨(dú)狀態(tài)，沒有感彩。
副詞 “獨(dú)自；單獨(dú)”， 相當(dāng)于by oneself。 lonely 形容詞 “孤獨(dú)的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤獨(dú)，帶有傷感色彩。 “偏僻的”，只用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。 一語(yǔ)辨異
Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.
盡管他獨(dú)自生活，可他并不感到孤獨(dú)。
~~~~ ~~~~
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用23: Sara was there listening to the radio. She just wanted to be ________（單獨(dú)）for a change.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用24: 有時(shí)他獨(dú)自待在河邊看日落。
Sometimes he _________ _________ by the river to watch the sunset.
alone
stays alone
9 solve /s lv/ v. 解決；解答（教材P22）
(觀察)· We need to solve the math problem together.
我們需要一起解決這道數(shù)學(xué)題。
· When you have a puzzle, you need to think hard to solve the problem. 當(dāng)你遇到一個(gè)謎題時(shí)，你需要努力思考來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。
· Good students always try to solve problems by themselves.
好學(xué)生總是試著自己解決問(wèn)題。
· Can you help me solve a problem with my homework
你能幫我解決作業(yè)中的一個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？
· If you have an equation like 2x + 5 = 15, you can solve for x.
如果你有一個(gè)像2x + 5 = 15 這樣的方程，你可以求解x。
· Do you have a better solution
你有更好的解決辦法嗎？
歸納拓展
solve 動(dòng)詞，意為“解決，解答”。常用短語(yǔ)：
（1）solve the problem/problems 解決問(wèn)題；
（2）solve for 意為“求解……的值”或“解出……的解”，通常用于數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，表示求解某個(gè)未知數(shù)或變量。
solution n. 意為“解決方案”。
solvable adj.可以解決的
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用25: Can you help me __________（解決）this puzzle
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用26: The _________ (solve) to the problem is quite simple.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用27: 如果你有問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)老師幫忙解決難題。
If you have a question, ask your teacher to help you _________ _________ _________.
solve
solution
solve the problem
10 congratulation /k nɡr t u'le n/ n. 祝賀；恭喜（教材P23）
(觀察)· Congratulations on your success.
祝賀你取得成功。
· I congratulate you on winning the game.
我祝賀你贏了比賽。
歸納拓展
congratulation 是可數(shù)名詞, 意為“祝賀”。通常用復(fù)數(shù)，是祝賀用語(yǔ)。
congratulate 是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“祝賀”。
congratulate sb. on sth. 意為“為某事向某人表示祝賀”。
動(dòng)詞加后綴-tion/-sion 變成名詞的詞：
（1）connect 連接→ connection 聯(lián)系；連接
（2）decide 決定→ decision 決定；抉擇
（3）declare 宣布；聲明→ declaration 宣布；聲明
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用28: I received several __________________ (祝賀) on
my promotion.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用29: 我想就你最近取得的成就向你表示祝賀。
I would like to ______________ you ____________ your recent achievement.
congratulations
congratulate on
11 prize /pra z/ n. 獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)（教材P23）
(觀察)· I won a prize for drawing the best picture in my class.
我在班里畫的畫最好，贏得了一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)品。
· He is a prize student in our school. 他是我們學(xué)校的一位模范學(xué)生。
· I prize my friendship with her very much. 我非常珍視和她的友誼。
· The school will prize the best students at the end of the semester.
學(xué)校將在學(xué)期末給最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生頒獎(jiǎng)。
歸納拓展
prize n. 獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。常見搭配：first prize 一等獎(jiǎng)。
還可作形容詞，意為“優(yōu)秀的；應(yīng)獲獎(jiǎng)的”。只能作定語(yǔ)。
還可作動(dòng)詞，意為“珍視；給……頒獎(jiǎng)”。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用30: Winning the scholarship was a great p for his hard work.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用31: 她在寫作比賽中被授予了一等獎(jiǎng)。
She was awarded _________ __________ __________ in the writing contest.
rize
the first prize
12 attend / 'tend / v. 參加；出席（教材P23）
(觀察)· I will attend my friend’s birthday party this weekend.
這個(gè)周末我要去參加我朋友的生日派對(duì)。
· We need to attend the meeting to discuss the class trip plans.
我們需要參加會(huì)議來(lái)討論班級(jí)旅行的計(jì)劃。
· She loves to attend art classes on Saturday mornings.
她喜歡周六上午去上藝術(shù)課。
· When did your brother join the army
你哥哥/ 弟弟是在什么時(shí)候參軍的？
· Come along, and join in the ball game.
快來(lái)參加球賽。
· We’ll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
暑假期間我們將參加社會(huì)實(shí)踐。
辨析: attend, join, join in 與take part in
attend 常指出席（或參加）正式場(chǎng)合，如會(huì)議、講座、
婚禮或聽報(bào)告等。
join 側(cè)重指加入某黨派、團(tuán)體、組織、人群等，并成為其中的一員。
join in 多指參加小規(guī)模的活動(dòng)：如球賽、游戲等，常用于日常口語(yǔ)。
take part in 指參加活動(dòng)或比賽，并在其中起積極作用。
attend
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用32: 從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯填空
attend, join, join in, take part in
(1) My parents often __________ important meetings at work.
(2) I want to __________ the school’s basketball team.
(3) Everyone is welcome to _______________________ the discussion.
(4) I _________________________ the school’s science fair last year.
join
join in/take part in
attended/took part in
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用33: 我們需要參加下周的家長(zhǎng)會(huì)。
We _________ _________ _________ the parent-teacher meeting next week.
need to attend
13 besides /b 'sa dz/ prep. 除……之外(還) adv. 而且（教材P23）
(觀察)· What other languages do you know besides English
除了英語(yǔ)之外, 你還懂什么其他語(yǔ)言？
· He gets up early every day except Sunday.
除了星期日之外, 他每天都早起。
· I couldn’t do anything except just sit down and hope.
我除了坐在那兒盼著，什么也做不了。
· Everybody was invited to the evening party but/except me.
除我之外, 所有人都被邀請(qǐng)參加了那場(chǎng)晚會(huì)。
· Your composition is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes.
除了幾處拼寫錯(cuò)誤外，你的作文非常好。
辨析: besides, except, but 與except for
besides 指“包括后者在內(nèi)”，常與other，also 等詞連用。
except 指“不包括后者在內(nèi)”，其后可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)其前的動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do 及其變化形式時(shí)，不定式常省去to。
but 指“不包括后者在內(nèi)”，常和all，nobody 等不定代詞連用，有時(shí)可與except 互換。
except for 意為“除去……之外；只是”，表示對(duì)人或事物先做出總體評(píng)價(jià)，然后就其局部提出看法，所排除的不是同一范疇的東西。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用34: ______ English, we also learn math and Chinese at school.
A. Except B. Besides
C. Except for D. But
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用35: I have some other friends b you.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用36: 除了學(xué)習(xí)，我還喜歡踢足球。
__________ __________, I also enjoy playing football.
B
esides
Besides studying
14 spare /spe (r)/ adj. 空閑的; 備用的 v. 抽出；撥出（教材P23）
(觀察)· I have a spare hour this afternoon.
我今天下午有一個(gè)空余小時(shí)。
· Do keep a spare tire in your car.
務(wù)必在你的車?yán)飩湟粋€(gè)備用輪胎。
· I spared an hour to meet with him. 我留出一個(gè)小時(shí)跟他見面。
· In my spare time, I like to play football with my friends.
在我的業(yè)余時(shí)間，我喜歡和朋友們踢足球。
歸納拓展
spare 作形容詞，意為“空閑的; 備用的”；也可作動(dòng)詞，意為“抽出；撥出”。
常見用法：（1）spare time 空閑時(shí)間；
（2）in one’s spare time 在某人的空閑時(shí)間；
（3）spare+時(shí)間+to do sth. 空出時(shí)間做某事。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用37: Can you s a few minutes to help me with this problem
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用38: I have a s key to the house in case I lose the main one.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用39: 周末，我喜歡用空閑時(shí)間讀書。
On weekends, I like to spend my ________ ________ reading books.
pare
pare
spare time
15 pleasure /'ple (r)/ n. 樂事; 愉快; 榮幸（教材P23）
(觀察)· Reading books is one of my greatest pleasures.
讀書是我最大的樂事之一。
· Watching cartoons gives me great pleasure.
看動(dòng)畫片給我?guī)?lái)很大的樂趣。
· We spent a very pleasant evening. 我們度過(guò)了一個(gè)很愉快的夜晚。
· I am pleased that you have a new job.我很高興你有了一份新工作。
· It is a pleasure to welcome you to our home.很高興歡迎您來(lái)我們家。
辨析: pleasure, pleasant 與pleased
pleasure n. “愉快；高興；滿意；樂事”，多用于口語(yǔ)
pleasant adj. “令人高興的；令人愉快的”，一般指天氣、時(shí)間、旅行等令人感到高興、愉快
pleased adj. “高興的；愉快的”，表示外部因素引起人發(fā)自內(nèi)心的欣慰和愉快，其后常常帶介詞with
小貼士
當(dāng)你幫助他人并收到對(duì)方感謝時(shí)，應(yīng)說(shuō)“It’s a pleasure.”或“My pleasure.”；當(dāng)別人請(qǐng)你幫忙，你樂意做時(shí)，則應(yīng)說(shuō)“With pleasure.”。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用40: 從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。
pleasure, pleasant, pleased
(1)My parents were very __________ with my grades.
(2) I had a __________ chat with my teacher after class.
(3) It’s a __________ to help others.
pleased
pleasant
pleasure
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用41: 如果你需要任何幫助，我會(huì)很樂意幫忙的。
If you need any help, I’ll do it __________ __________.
with pleasure
16 appearance / 'p r ns/ n. 外表；露面（教材P24）
(觀察)· She always pays attention to her appearance.
她總是很注意自己的外表。
· She made a rare appearance at the charity event last night.
她昨晚很少見地出席了那場(chǎng)慈善活動(dòng)。
· She appears (to be) a little bit worried.她看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心。
· The cat’s disappearance made us very worried.
貓的失蹤讓我們非常擔(dān)心。
· If the sun were to disappear, what would the earth be like
如果太陽(yáng)消失了, 地球會(huì)是什么樣子？
歸納拓展
appearance 名詞，意為“外表；露面”；其動(dòng)詞形式為appear, 意為“出現(xiàn)”；反義詞disappearance, 名詞，意為“消失”，其動(dòng)詞形式為disappear，意為“消失；不見”。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用42: A good a can make a good impression on others.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用43: Your name will a at the front of the book.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用44: When spring comes, the snow and ice __________ (appear).
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用45: 新老師看起來(lái)很友好。
The new teacher has _______ ________ _____________.
ppearance
ppear
disappear
a friendly appearance
17 personality/p s 'n l ti/n. 性格；品質(zhì)（教材P24）
(觀察)·She has a strong personality. 她性格堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。
· This is a personal letter, so please don’t read it.
這是一封私人信件，所以請(qǐng)不要讀。
· I will personally attend to the matter. 我將親自處理這件事。
· I am a person who loves to read books.
我是一個(gè)喜歡讀書的人。
歸納拓展
personality 作可數(shù)名詞，意為“性格；品質(zhì)”。
相關(guān)詞形：personal adj. 私人的，個(gè)人的；
personally adv.本人，親自；
person n. 人。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用46: He is known for his humorous __________ (person). He always makes people laugh.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用47: I have a __________ (person) goal to learn how to swim this year.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用48: The p who helped me today was very nice.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用49: 我的朋友性格非常外向。
My friend has a very ____________ ____________.
personality
personal
erson
outgoing personality
18 population /p pju'le n/ n. 人口（教材P25）
(觀察)· In many countries, the population is mainly concentrated
in the cities. 在許多國(guó)家，人口主要集中在城市里。
· Many parts of the world have become deserts now, but they once had large populations and produced plenty of crops. 世界上許多地區(qū)曾經(jīng)人口眾多, 五谷豐登, 而如今卻成了沙漠。
· The population of China is about 1.4 billion. = China has a population of about 1.4 billion. 中國(guó)大約有14 億人口。
· What’s the population of Germany = How large is the population of Germany 德國(guó)的人口是多少
· 10,000 years ago, the world’s population was very small.
一萬(wàn)年前, 世界人口很少。
敲黑板 表示人口“多”要用large 修飾,而不用 much/many; 表示人口“少”要用small 修飾,而不用 little/few。
歸納拓展
population 作可數(shù)名詞，意為“人口”，常與定冠詞the 連用。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)表示“人口的百分之幾或幾分之幾”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
population 多以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，指某個(gè)國(guó)家、地區(qū)或城市的人口。若以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，則指世界不同地區(qū)的人口。
歸納拓展
表示“某地有多少人口”有兩種表達(dá)方式：
（1）The population of + 某地+ is + 數(shù)詞.
（2）某地+ has a p opulation of + 數(shù)詞.
詢問(wèn)“某地有多少人口”要用 what 或 how large 提問(wèn)：
“What’s the population of+ 地點(diǎn)？”或“How large is the population of+ 地點(diǎn)？”。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用50: The p of India is growing quickly.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用51: —___________ is the population of your city
—Over five million.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用52: 北京有2100 多萬(wàn)人口。
Beijing has ________ ___________ _______ over 21 million people.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用53: 中國(guó)人口眾多。
China has _________ _________ ___________.
opulation
What
a population of
a large population
1 as…as... 像……一樣……（教材P23）
(觀察)· The book is as interesting as that one.
這本書和那本書一樣有趣。
· Mary works as carefully as Linda. 瑪麗工作和琳達(dá)一樣細(xì)心。
· Spring isn’t as/so cold as winter.春天不像冬天那么冷。
· This apple isn’t as/so big as that one. 這個(gè)蘋果不如那個(gè)大。
= This apple is smaller than that one. 這個(gè)蘋果比那個(gè)小。
探究二 核心短語(yǔ)
歸納拓展
as…as… 意為“與……一樣……”，兩個(gè) as 中間用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，第二個(gè)as 可用作介詞（后接名詞或代詞），其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為 not as/so...as..., 意為“不如……那樣……”，也是一種表達(dá)比較級(jí)的形式，相當(dāng)于“l(fā)ess+ 形容詞/副詞+than”, not as/so...as...可與比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用1: —Is your father strict with you
—Yes. He takes my grades as ______ as my teachers do.
A. serious B. more serious
C. seriously D. more seriously
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用2: My bike is not as fast as your car.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）
My bike is ________ ________ your car.=My bike is ________ ________ ________ your car.
C
slower than
less fast than
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用3: 這個(gè)蛋糕像蜂蜜一樣甜。（翻譯句子）
__________________________________________
The cake is as sweet as honey.
2 have sth. in common 有共同之處（教材P24）
(觀察)· The dishes in the north and south have something in common. 南北方的菜肴有共同之處。
· We both like painting, so we have something in common. 我們都喜歡畫畫，所以我們有共同之處。
· What do they have in common 他們有什么共同點(diǎn)？
· The two brothers have nothing in common.
這兩兄弟沒有什么共同之處。
歸納拓展
have...in common 意為“有相同特征；（想法、興趣等方面）相同”；have nothing in common 意為“沒有共同點(diǎn)”。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用4: ______ my surprise, the twins have nothing _____ common.
A. To; in B. With; in
C. In; to D. To; of
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用5: 克萊爾和我有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)：我們兩個(gè)都擅長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)球。
Claire and I _________ one thing _________ _________ : we are both good at tennis.
A
have in common
1 / / 單元音
發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)，舌中部上抬，舌身與上臼齒有接觸但不緊密；雙唇展開，與發(fā)/i / 時(shí)的唇形展開程度相同，呈扁平狀；聲帶振動(dòng)。
發(fā)音組合：er, ir, ur, ear
例詞her, serve, learn, earth, certain, girl, fir, firm, shirt,
third, first, hurt, curl, burn, purple, furniture
探究三 語(yǔ)音知識(shí)
/ / 和 / / 的發(fā)音
2 / / 單元音
發(fā)音方法：發(fā)音時(shí)，微微張嘴，舌身放平，舌中部略隆起，但不與硬腭接觸，聲帶振動(dòng)，氣流向外發(fā)出/ / 音。發(fā)音時(shí)間較短，不拖長(zhǎng)音。
發(fā)音字母/ 組合：a, e, o, er, or
例詞 above, again, alone, parent, different, tonight, together,
collect, actor, teacher, mirror, forget, governor
朗讀練習(xí)1: 朗讀下列單詞
(1) ago (2) bird (3) turn (4) open
(5) welcome (6) factor (7) turtle (8) pear
朗讀練習(xí)2: 朗讀下列短語(yǔ)
(1) near the river (2) happen to her
(3) hurt her finger (4) her father’s firm
(5) burn the third candle
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用3: 選出與所給單詞畫線部分發(fā)音不同的一項(xiàng)
(1) about A. bat B. banana
C. allow D. woman
(2) moment A. happen B. bed
C. children D. driver
(3) writer A. father B. nurse
C. river D. doctor
A
B
B
Section B
Unit 3 Same or Different
1a Are you similar to or different from your friends In what ways
We are similar in some ways, but different in some other ways. We all love playing football and watching movies. However, I prefer reading books in my free time, while my friends like playing the piano or singing songs.（答案不唯一）
1b Read the posts. What are Matt’s and Diana’s opinions
Forum
5 hours ago
Some people think that friends should be alike / 'la k/, but some other people think that friends should be different. What do you think Should friends be similar or different
4 hours ago
I think a good friend is like a mirror/'m r (r)/. You can understand people by knowing their friends. My friend, Stephen, is a great example. We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests /' ntr sts/. For example, we both love sports. He plays badminton better than I do, so he always wins our matches.
~~~~~
作My friend 的同位語(yǔ)
~~~~~
閑逛
Because of that, l try harder when I practise, and now I’m getting better at badminton.
Stephen and I are similar in other ways. He is as serious as me. When we aren’t playing sports, we enjoy reading together. I read more history books than he does, and he reads a lot of novels /'n vlz/. We often share interesting books with each other.
~~~~~
介詞短語(yǔ)，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。
3 hours ago
I don’t agree. For me, friends who are different make me better. I think we should respect each other’s differences and learn from each other. For example, l am kind of shy, but my best friend, Yuan Lei, is outgoing. She has a great sense /sens/ of humour /'hju m / too. Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. Now l think meeting new people is really fun!
~~~~
有點(diǎn)兒；有幾分
~~~~~~~~~~
動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)
I have another friend, Zhang Yong. He is not afraid to give his opinion / 'p nj n/ , especially when he thinks l am making a mistake. I am less/les/ straightforward /stre t'f w d/ than he is, but l am glad to have an honest /' n st/ friend.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
長(zhǎng)難句分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，主句是He is not afraid to give his opinion，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是 when he thinks l am making a mistake。
Matt’s opinion is that a good friend is like a mirror.
Diana’s opinion is that friends who are different make her better.
從教材語(yǔ)篇1b 學(xué)寫作技巧
舉例子
在中考英語(yǔ)寫作中，舉例子是一種非常有效的論證和說(shuō)明方法，能夠使文章更加具體、生動(dòng)、有說(shuō)服力。舉例時(shí)常用的短語(yǔ)或句型有“for example” “such as” “One example is ...”等。
從教材語(yǔ)篇1b 挖中考設(shè)問(wèn)
[新考法 組合選擇] Who are Diana’s friends
① Tom ② Stephen
③ Yuan Lei ④ Zhang Yong
A. ①② B. ①③
C. ②③ D. ③④
D
1c Match the people with the descriptions.
1. Matt A. reads a lot of novels
2. Stephen B. reads more history books
3. Diana C. gives direct opinions
4. Yuan Lei D. is kind of shy
5. Zhang Yong E. helps a friend become more outgoing
從教材習(xí)題1c中學(xué)中考解題策略
關(guān)鍵詞定位法
關(guān)鍵詞定位法是指通過(guò)識(shí)別和理解題目中的關(guān)鍵信息（即關(guān)鍵詞），然后在文章或段落中迅速找到這些關(guān)鍵詞，從而定位到與題目相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)而找到答案的方法。如我們可以通過(guò)題干中的“Matt”，定位于文章的第二部分，然后快速找到關(guān)鍵信息“I read more history books”，即可選出答案B。
1d Read the posts again and answer the questions.
1. Why does Matt think that a good friend is like a mirror
2. Why is Matt getting better at badminton
Because Matt thinks that you can understand people by knowing their friends.
Because he tries harder when he practises, inspired by the fact that Stephen plays badminton better than he does.
3. In what ways is Stephen similar to Matt
4. How is Yuan Lei different from Diana
Stephen and Matt both love sports and reading. Stephen is as serious as Matt.
Yuan Lei is outgoing and has a great sense of humour. Diana is kind of shy.
5. Why is Diana glad to have an honest friend
6. How should we treat each other’s differences
Because an honest friend is not afraid to give his opinion, especially when Diana is making a mistake.
We should respect each other’s differences.（答案不唯一）
1e Discuss the questions.
What can similarities/s m 'l r t z/ bring to a friendship /'frend p/
What can differences bring to a friendship
What really matters in a friendship
略
Vocabulary in Use
2a Find the words hidden in the word snake. Then match them with the meanings.
__________ being afraid to speak in front of people
__________ being friendly and liking to meet people
w d i r e c t y f c s e r i o u s d s h y i y h a r d w o r k i n g h d o u t g o i n g c r l a z y o
shy
outgoing
______________ not wanting to do anything
______________ speaking in a straightforward way
______________ not laughing a lot
______________ putting a lot of time into a job and doing it well
w d i r e c t y f c s e r i o u s d s h y i y h a r d w o r k i n g h d o u t g o i n g c r l a z y o
lazy
direct
serious
hard-working
2b Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
average spare differences especially
pleasure kilometres population pleasant
1. The ___________ of Shanghai is much larger than that of Lanzhou.
2. The weather was __________, with white clouds and warm sunshine.
3. We got great _________ from the prize we won.
population
pleasant
pleasure
average spare differences especially
pleasure kilometres population pleasant
4. We should respect the ____________ in others.
5. I love all fruits, ___________ strawberries.
6. The _________ height of the students in the class is around 1.6 metres /'mi t (r)z/.
7. I enjoy reading books in my _________ time.
8. It is about three ____________ from my house to school.
differences
especially
average
spare
kilometres
2c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
personality alike novel difference besides
The prince, Edward, and the poor boy, Tom, are the two characters in Mark Twain’s famous _________, The Prince and the Pauper. They looked _________ and both had kind _____________. They exchanged their lives by accident.
novel
alike
personalities
personality alike novel difference besides
During his time as a pauper, Edward learnt to respect others. _________ this, he also realized that people’s lives were much harder than he expected. After becoming king, he made a ___________ by trying to help the people of his country.
Besides
difference
3a Read the post. Is Rose’s opinion the same as or different from the posts in Section B 1b
3 hours ago
I don't really care if my friends are similar to or different from me. l have two amazing friends. Lily is funnier than anyone else l know. When l feel sad or have a problem, she makes me laugh and feel better. She helps me see the silver/'s lv (r)/ lining in difficult situations /s t u'e nz/.
~
引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句
My other friend, Lucy, is not as funny as Lily. Lucy is quieter, but she listens better than others. Lucy and I talk about everything. l know she cares about me because she's always there to listen.
~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
長(zhǎng)難句分析：主句I know she cares about me通過(guò)連詞because連接一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句she’s always there to listen。主句謂語(yǔ)know之后是一個(gè)省略了that的賓語(yǔ)從句。
My favourite saying is, "A true friend reaches/'ri t z/ for your hand and touches/'t t z/ your heart." Both Lily and Lucy are true friends. We are always ready to help each other by lending a hand.
Rose’s opinion is different from the posts in Section B 1b.
思考：Has your friend ever done something that made you feel touched Talk about it. （答案不唯一）
Yes, my friend cheered me up when I lost a game. It made me feel better and really touched my heart.
3b What is your opinion Use personal experiences to support your opinion. （答案不唯一）
Opinion Reason Example
Friends should be similar.
Similar friends often have common interests and hobbies. It is easier for them to understand and support each other.
My best friend and I both love reading novels. We often discuss our favourite
stories.
Opinion Reason Example
Friends should be different.
My friend is really good at math, while I’m better at English. We help each other with our studies and learn from each other’s strengths.
Having friends who are different from us can help us learn new things.
Opinion Reason Example
I don't mind.
Friends don’t mean you have to be the same or different. Respecting, trusting, and understanding each other is important.
Some of my friends like playing sports, and others like doing crafts. But we all respect each other and we have a lot of fun together.
3c Use the table above to write your reply to the post.
I think that _________________________________.
For example, my friend __________ is ______________.
When ____________________, ___________________.
略
1 interest /' ntr st/ n. 業(yè)余愛好；興趣 v. 使感興趣（教材P26）
(觀察)· She shows great interest in reading books.
她對(duì)讀書表現(xiàn)出很大的興趣。
· My little brother has a special interest in dinosaurs.
我弟弟對(duì)恐龍?zhí)貏e感興趣。
· The science experiment interested all the students.
這個(gè)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)讓所有學(xué)生都感興趣。
探究一 核心單詞
· The Great Wall is a famous place of interest in China.
長(zhǎng)城是中國(guó)的一個(gè)著名名勝。
· Playing Chinese chess with my grandpa is always interesting.
和我爺爺下象棋總是很有趣。
· My friend is interested in studying astronomy.
我的朋友對(duì)研究天文學(xué)感興趣。
歸納拓展
interest（1）作名詞，意為“業(yè)余愛好；興趣；吸引力”。常用短語(yǔ)：places of interest 名勝。（2）作動(dòng)詞，意為“使感興趣”。interest sb. 意為“使某人感興趣”。
相關(guān)詞形：interesting adj. 有趣的（作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)通常是物）；interested adj. 感興趣的（作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)通常是人） be interested in... 對(duì)……感興趣
一語(yǔ)辨異
She is interested in the interesting story.
她對(duì)那個(gè)有趣的故事很感興趣。
~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用1: Collecting stamps is one of my i .
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用2: I like traveling because I can meet some ___________ (interest) people and things along the way.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用3: Science is very ___________. I’m really __________ in it. __________ is the best teacher. (interest)
nterests
interesting
interesting interested
Interest
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用4: 他們對(duì)中國(guó)食物感興趣。
They are __________ __________ Chinese food.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用5: 在世界公園里，我們一天可以看到一百多個(gè)名勝古跡的模型。
In the World Park, we can see models of more than a hundred __________ __________ __________ in a day.
interested in
places of interest
2 difference /'d fr ns/ n. 差異（教材P27）
(觀察)· There’s a big difference in size between the two apples.
這兩個(gè)蘋果在大小上有很大的差別。
· A small act of kindness can make a big difference in someone’s
life. 一個(gè)小小的善舉可以對(duì)某人的一生產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。
· Boys and girls may behave differently. 男孩兒和女孩兒可能表現(xiàn)不同。
· This book is different from the one I read last week.
這本書和我上周讀的那本不一樣。
歸納拓展
difference 意為“差異”。
常見用法：（1）There’s no difference between...
……之間沒有差異。
（2）make a difference 有影響；有作用
different 形容詞，意為“不同的”，常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)be different from，意為“與……不同”。
differently 副詞，意為“不同地”。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用6: I know we think ______, but it doesn’t matter.
A. difference B. different
C. differently D. differences
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用7: Lucy’s junior high school teacher made a big ____________ (different) to her life. She wants to express her thanks to the teacher at the graduation ceremony.
C
difference
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用8: 每天堅(jiān)持鍛煉會(huì)對(duì)我們的健康產(chǎn)生影響。
Keeping doing exercise every day will ____________ ____________ ____________ to our health.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用9: 春天的天氣和冬天的不同。（翻譯句子）
____________________________________________________________________________
make a difference
The weather in spring is different from that
in winter.
3 sense /sens/ n. 理解力；感覺v. 意識(shí)到；感覺到（教材P27）
(觀察)· He has a strong sense of hearing. He can hear a pin
drop. 他的聽覺很強(qiáng)。他能聽見針掉在地上的聲音。
· Dogs are loyal animals. In that sense, they are like best friends. 狗是忠誠(chéng)的動(dòng)物。從那個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，它們就像最好的朋友一樣。
· He is sensible enough to realize the importance of hard work. 他足夠明智，能意識(shí)到努力工作的重要性。
· She has a sensitive skin that easily reacts to sunlight.
她的皮膚很敏感，容易對(duì)陽(yáng)光產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)。
· I sensed that something was wrong as soon as I went in.
我一進(jìn)去便覺得有點(diǎn)不對(duì)勁。
歸納拓展
sense 作可數(shù)名詞，意為“感覺”。常見用法：
（1）the sense of sight/hearing/taste/touch 視/聽/味/觸覺；（2）in that sense 從那個(gè)意義上說(shuō)。
相關(guān)詞形：sensible adj. 合理的；明智的
sensitive adj. 敏感的；靈敏的
sense 還可作動(dòng)詞，意為“意識(shí)到，感覺到”。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用10: He has a strong s of responsibility.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用11: That seems to be a __________ (sense) idea.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用12: The instrument is highly _____________ (sense) to changes in temperature.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用13: 在那種意義上，我們都是相互聯(lián)系的。
________ ________ ________, we are all connected.
ense
sensible
sensitive
In that sense
4 less /les/ adj. 較少的；更少的 adv. 較少地；更少地
pron. 較少；更少（教材P27）
(觀察)· There is less homework today. 今天作業(yè)比較少。
· We need less time to finish this task.
我們完成這個(gè)任務(wù)需要的時(shí)間更少了。
· He eats less now than he did when he was younger.
他現(xiàn)在吃得比他年輕時(shí)少了。
· I have less money than I thought I did. 我的錢比我以為的要少。
歸納拓展
less 是little 的比較級(jí)，作形容詞，意為“較少的;更少的”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
作副詞，意為“較少地；更少地”，修飾形容詞或副詞構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，也可修飾動(dòng)詞。
作代詞，意為“較少；更少”，用于代替前面提到的數(shù)量或事物，表示其中的一部分或全部但數(shù)量較少。
辨析: less, fewer 與 more
less “更少”，little 的比較級(jí)，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 e.g. You’d better eat less junk food. 你最好少吃些垃圾食品。
fewer “更少”，few 的比較級(jí)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 e.g. I have fewer books than my brother. 我的書比我哥哥的少。
more “更多”，many/much的比較級(jí)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。 e.g. I want to have more friends and money. 我想擁有更多的朋友和金錢。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用14: —If there are ________ people driving, there will be ________ air pollution.
—Yes, and the air will be fresher.
A. less; less B. less; fewer
C. fewer; fewer D. fewer; less
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用15: —Can you give me some advice on how to be slimmer
—Eat ________ (little) meat and ________ (few) cakes.
D
less fewer
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用16: After eating the healthy snacks, I wanted ________ (few) cookies and ________ (much) fruit, and I felt ________ (little) hungry.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用17: 我今天的作業(yè)比昨天少。（翻譯句子）
___________________________________________
fewer
more
less
I have less homework today than yesterday.
5 opinion / 'p nj n/ n. 看法；意見（教材P27）
(觀察)· He has a different opinion about the problem.
關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題，他有不同的觀點(diǎn)。
· Everyone had an opinion about the subject.
大家對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題都有自己的看法。
· In my opinion, they are encouraged to voice their opinions.= According to me, they are encouraged to voice their opinions. 依我看，他們被鼓勵(lì)發(fā)表自己的意見。
歸納拓展
opinion 作可數(shù)名詞，意為“意見；看法”，固定短語(yǔ)in one’s opinion =according to sb. 意為“在某人看來(lái)”。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用18: Tom and I hold the same o (觀點(diǎn)). I totally agree with him.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用19: ______ my opinion, we should be proud of our country.
A. For B. At C. In D. Of
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用20: 在我看來(lái)，游覽北京最好的時(shí)間是秋天。
________ ________ ________, the best time to visit Beijing is autumn.
pinion
C
In my opinion
6 direct /d 'rekt; da 'rekt/adj. 率直的；直接的（教材P27）
(觀察)· This is the direct effect. 這是直接的影響。
· Sarah is a direct person. She always tells the truth.
莎拉是一個(gè)率直的人，她總是說(shuō)實(shí)話。
· When you ask for help, be direct about what you need.
當(dāng)你尋求幫助時(shí)，要直接說(shuō)出你需要什么。
· Can you direct me to the nearest bus stop
你能指引我去最近的公共汽車站嗎？
· Could you tell me where I can meet the director
你能告訴我在哪兒能見到經(jīng)理嗎？
· After failing to realize her dream in Xinjiang, Li had to come back to her hometown and tried to find a new direction for herself. 李在新疆未能實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想后，不得不回到家鄉(xiāng)，努力為自己尋找新的方向。
·We flew direct to Hong Kong. 我們直飛香港。
歸納拓展
direct 的一詞多義：
作形容詞，意為“率直的；直接的”，作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；direct +-ly= directly adv.“率直地；直接地”。
作動(dòng)詞，意為“導(dǎo)演；指導(dǎo)；指示”，后接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，direct sb. to do sth. 意為“指示某人做某事”。
歸納拓展
（1）direct + -or=director, 為名詞，意為“導(dǎo)演；經(jīng)理”
（2）direct + -ion=direction, 為名詞，意為“方向；指導(dǎo)”，常見短語(yǔ)：in all directions 四面八方
作副詞，意為“徑直；直接”（不經(jīng)中間環(huán)節(jié)）。它通常強(qiáng)調(diào)物理路徑的直線性或無(wú)中介性。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用21: She has a _________ (率直的) personality. She always says what she thinks.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用22: The wind blew _________ (direct) into our faces.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用23: The teacher directed the students _________ (clean) the classroom after school.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用24: 這是去公園的一條直線路線。
This is _________ _________ _________ to the park.
direct
directly
to clean
a direct route
7 similarity /s m 'l r ti/ n. 相似之處（教材P27）
(觀察)· The similarity between the two dresses is their colour. 這兩條連衣裙的相似之處是它們的顏色。
· They have similarities in their way of studying.
他們的學(xué)習(xí)方式有相似之處。
· The two stories have similar plots, but the endings are
different. 這兩個(gè)故事有相似的情節(jié)，但結(jié)局不同。
· The weather in spring and autumn is similar. They are both dry and windy.
春天和秋天的天氣很相似，都是干燥多風(fēng)。
· This book is similar to that one. 這本書和那本書相似。
· The two brothers are similar in appearance.
這兩兄弟在外貌上很相似。
歸納拓展
similarity 作可數(shù)名詞，意為“相似之處”，其形容詞形式為similar 意為“相似的，近似的，類似的”。
固定搭配：
（1）have similarities in... 在……方面有相似之處
（2）be similar to... 與……相似
（3）be similar in... 在……方面相似
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用25: By nature, men are nearly s . By practice, they get to be wide apart.（性相近，習(xí)相遠(yuǎn)。）
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用26: These two pictures have a lot of ___________ (相似之處).
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用27: 琳達(dá)像她父親。他們都很外向。(similar)
___________________________ They are both outgoing.
imilar
similarities
Linda is similar to her father.
8 friendship /'frend p/ n. 友誼；友情（教材P27）
(觀察)· Friendship is important because it makes us feel happy and not lonely.
友誼很重要，因?yàn)樗屛覀兏械娇鞓罚还聠巍?br/>· True friendship lasts forever, even when we are far away from each other. 真正的友誼是永恒的，即使我們彼此遠(yuǎn)隔千里。
· Friendship is like a bridge that connects two hearts.
友誼就像一座連接兩顆心的橋梁。
歸納拓展
friendship 是名詞，意為“友誼; 友情”。
friend n. 朋友
friendly adj. 友好的 be friendly to sb. 對(duì)某人友好
unfriendly adj. 不友好的
一語(yǔ)辨異 My friends are always friendly to me except
Tom, who is unfriendly to me sometimes. 我的朋友總是對(duì)我很友好，除了湯姆有時(shí)對(duì)我不友好之外。
~~~~ ~~~~~
~~~~~~~
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用28: My father and Uncle Wang have been good friends for many years, and their ____________ (友誼) is very strong.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用29: It’s important to be ___________ (friend) to new students so that they won’t feel lonely.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用30: 時(shí)光飛逝！我們不得不說(shuō)再見，但我將永遠(yuǎn)記住我們的友誼。
How time flies! We have to say goodbye, but I will __________ __________ __________ _________.
friendship
friendly
remember our friendship forever
9 expect / k'spekt/ v. 預(yù)料；期待（教材P28）
(觀察)· I expect him to help me with my English.
我期待他在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我。
· We expect that he will come back soon. 我們期待他能很快回來(lái)。
· He expects himself to get good grades in the test.
他期待自己考試取得好成績(jī)。
· The sudden rain was completely unexpected.
這場(chǎng)突如其來(lái)的雨完全是意料之外的。
歸納拓展
expect v.“預(yù)料；期待；猜想”，可以作及物動(dòng)詞，也可以作不及物動(dòng)詞。
expect 的常見用法：
（1）expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事
（2）expect + that 從句 期待或預(yù)計(jì)某件事情發(fā)生
（3）expect + 反身代詞 + 不定式 期望自己做某事
（4）unexpected 是形容詞，意為“意外的；出乎意料的”。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用31: The composer created Learn from the Role Model Lei Feng, but he didn’t ___________ (預(yù)料) the song would be enjoyed by many people for more than 60 years.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用32: Teachers expect all their students _________ progress day by day.
A. make B. to make C. to take D. take
expect
B
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用33: [武漢改編]人們期待人工智能成為更強(qiáng)大的生產(chǎn)工具。
People ________ AI ________ ________ a more
powerful production tool.
expect to be
10 touch /t t / v. 觸動(dòng)；觸碰（教材P29）
(觀察)· Don’t touch the animals in the zoo.
在動(dòng)物園里不要觸摸動(dòng)物。
· The movie touched us deeply.
那部電影深深地打動(dòng)了我們。
· The report touched on several important issues.
這篇報(bào)告提及了幾個(gè)重要問(wèn)題。
· We keep in touch by email.
我們通過(guò)電子郵件保持聯(lián)系。
· I feel out of touch with modern fashion.
我覺得與現(xiàn)代時(shí)尚脫節(jié)了。
· The movie has a touching ending.
這部電影有一個(gè)感人的結(jié)局。
歸納拓展
touch 動(dòng)詞，意為“觸動(dòng)；觸碰；感動(dòng)”。常見用法：
touch on/upon 意為“談及；提及”。
touch 還可作名詞，意為“觸；觸感”，固定搭配：
（1）keep in touch (with) 保持聯(lián)系
（2）out of touch (with) 失去聯(lián)系
相關(guān)詞形：touching adj. 感人的
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用34: —Dear, put the knives out of the kids’ _______!
—OK. I’ll do it right away. It’s quite necessary to keep safe.
A. touch B. feeling C. look
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用35:在我們科學(xué)課上，老師提及了動(dòng)物這個(gè)話題。
The teacher _________ _________ the topic of animals in our science class.
A
touched on
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用36: 我每周都通過(guò)電話和爺爺奶奶保持聯(lián)系。
I _________ _________ _________ _________ my grandparents by phone every week.
keep in touch with
1 thanks to 歸功于；由于；因?yàn)椋ń滩腜27）
(觀察)· Thanks to my friend’s help, I found my lost book.
多虧我朋友的幫助，我找到了丟失的書。
· Thanks to the rain, the flowers are blooming beautifully.
因?yàn)檫@場(chǎng)雨，花兒綻放得非常漂亮。
· I didn’t go to school yesterday because of my headache.
昨天我因?yàn)轭^疼沒去上學(xué)。
探究二 核心短語(yǔ)
· Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled.
由于下雨，比賽被取消了。
· She missed the bus due to getting up late.
她因?yàn)槠鸫餐砹硕e(cuò)過(guò)了公交車。
· Thanks for your kind words of encouragement.
感謝你的鼓勵(lì)話語(yǔ)。
歸納拓展
thanks to 是一個(gè)表達(dá)感激和因果關(guān)系的常用短語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可以與owing to 或due to 等短語(yǔ)互換使用，但它們?cè)谡Z(yǔ)氣上可能略有不同。thanks to 常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)積極原因；owing to 用于正式或半正式場(chǎng)合；due to 多用于正式場(chǎng)合，與owing to 相似。
thanks for 最基本的意思是“感謝……”，與thank you相比，thanks for 更側(cè)重于說(shuō)明感謝的具體原因或內(nèi)容。而thank you 可以單獨(dú)使用，也可以后跟具體的感謝內(nèi)容。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用1: 從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空
of, due, for, to
(1)We had a great picnic thanks ________ the sunny weather.
(2) I couldn’t go to the park because ________ the rain.
(3) The game was put off ________ to the heavy rain.
(4) Thanks ________ inviting me to your birthday party.
to
of
due
for
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用2: 因?yàn)槟愕慕ㄗh，我能夠按時(shí)完成作業(yè)。
_________ _________ your advice, I was able to finish my homework on time.
Thanks to
2 make a mistake 犯錯(cuò)誤（教材P27）
(觀察)· I made a mistake in my math homework yesterday, but I corrected it later. 昨天我做數(shù)學(xué)作業(yè)時(shí)犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)，但后來(lái)我改正了。
· Don’t be afraid to make a mistake when you are learning something new. 學(xué)習(xí)新東西時(shí)不要害怕犯錯(cuò)。
· I took her book by mistake, but I didn’t mean to.
我錯(cuò)拿了她的書，但我不是故意的。
· He deleted an important file by mistake on his computer.
他誤刪了電腦上的一個(gè)重要文件。
歸納拓展
make a mistake/mistakes (in sth.)（在某方面）犯錯(cuò)誤
by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地（不是故意地）
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用3: I put sugar in my coffee instead of cream _______ mistake.
A. at B. by C. in D. for
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用4: Lily is very careful so she seldom makes m .
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用5: 好的學(xué)習(xí)者不害怕犯錯(cuò)。
Good learners are not afraid of __________ __________.
B
istakes
making mistakes
3 by accident 偶然；意外地（教材P28）
(觀察)· She broke the vase by accident while cleaning the room.
她在打掃房間時(shí)意外地打破了花瓶。
· She stepped on his toe by accident. 她無(wú)意中踩到了他的腳趾。
· He found the lost watch by chance while cleaning the room.
他在打掃房間時(shí)偶然找到了丟失的手表。
· I met an old friend by chance at the airport.
我在機(jī)場(chǎng)偶然遇見了一位老朋友。
歸納拓展
by accident 意為“偶然；意外地”，其同義短語(yǔ)是 by chance。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用6: I met her ___________ accident in a crowded bus yesterday afternoon.
A. on B. with C. to D. by
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用7: 令人驚訝的是，一些科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的。
Surprisingly, some scientific discoveries were made __________ __________.
D
by accident
4 care about 關(guān)心；擔(dān)心（教材P29）
(觀察)· My parents care about my health. 我的父母關(guān)心我的健康。
· She cares about not doing well in her math test.
她擔(dān)心自己在數(shù)學(xué)考試中考不好。
· I don’t really care for tea. 我不太喜歡喝茶。
· She doesn’t care about her children at all. 她根本不關(guān)心她的孩子們。
· You should take care of yourself. 你應(yīng)該照顧自己。
· Take care not to fall into the river. 當(dāng)心不要掉進(jìn)河里。
歸納拓展
care about 意為“關(guān)心；擔(dān)心”，care 在此處作動(dòng)詞，意為“在意；關(guān)注”。
care 的常見用法如下：
（1）動(dòng)詞，意為“在意；擔(dān)憂；關(guān)心”。
care for 十分喜歡；照顧 care about 關(guān)心；在意
（2）名詞，意為“照顧；護(hù)理”。
take care of 照顧；照看 take care 當(dāng)心；小心
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用8: This year marks Earth Day’s 56th birthday. It was created to remind people to ________ the earth—the home to all the living things.
A. talk about B. care about
C. hear about D. clear out
B
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用9: 我們的政府制定了一些法律來(lái)關(guān)心留守兒童。
Our government made some laws __________ __________ __________ the left-behind kids.
to
care about
5 reach for 伸手觸碰（教材P29）
(觀察)· I reached for my glass of water when I felt thirsty.
當(dāng)我感到口渴時(shí)，我伸手去拿我的水杯。
· She reached for her schoolbag to get her homework out.
她伸手去拿書包，準(zhǔn)備拿出作業(yè)。
· When her friend fell down, she reached out to help him up.
當(dāng)她的朋友摔倒時(shí)，她伸出援手幫助他站起來(lái)。
· We reached the top of the mountain after three hours of climbing.
我們經(jīng)過(guò)三小時(shí)的攀登，終于到達(dá)了山頂。
歸納拓展
reach for 伸手觸碰
reach out 提供援助
reach 動(dòng)詞，意為“到達(dá)；抵達(dá)”。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用10: 用for 或out 填空
(1) He reached __________ the ball rolling away, but it was too fast.
(2) The boy reached __________ to give the dog a treat.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用11: 她伸手去夠架子頂上的蘋果，但太高了（夠不著）。
She __________ __________ the apple on the top shelf, but it was too high.
for
out
reached for
6 lend (sb.) a hand 幫助(某人)（教材P29）
(觀察)· Can you lend me a hand with my homework
你能幫我做一下我的作業(yè)嗎？
· I’m carrying a lot of bags. Could you lend me a hand
我拿了很多袋子。你能幫我一下嗎？
· Can you lend me five pounds 你可以借給我五英鎊嗎？
· Can you lend me your bike this weekend
這個(gè)周末你能把你的自行車借給我嗎？
· I borrowed some money from a friend. 我從一個(gè)朋友那里借了些錢。
歸納拓展
lend (sb.) a hand 意為“幫助（某人）”，lend 在此處作動(dòng)詞，意為“給予（幫助）”。
lend 還可意為“借出；借給”，通常和to 搭配。lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 意為“把某物借給某人”。
反義詞為borrow，意為“借入；借來(lái)”，通常和from 搭配。 borrow sth. from sb./ some place 意為“從某人或某處借來(lái)某物”。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用12: 用borrow 或lend 的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1) I __________ the book from the library and plan to keep it until next Friday.
(2) I want to __________ the novel from you and __________ you this magazine in return.
borrowed
borrow
lend
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用13: 當(dāng)媽媽在做飯時(shí)，我喜歡幫她擺桌子。
When Mom is cooking, I like to _________ _________ __________ __________ by setting the table.
lend
her a hand
I think a good friend is like a mirror. 我認(rèn)為好朋友就像一面鏡子。
(教材P26)
(分析結(jié)構(gòu)) 這是一個(gè)含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。I think 是主句，其中I 是主語(yǔ)，think 是謂語(yǔ)。a good friend is like a mirror 是賓語(yǔ)從句，且是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)單句。從句中，a good friend 是主語(yǔ)，is 是系動(dòng)詞，like a mirror 是介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)。本句省略了連詞that, 其否定句為I don’t think a good friend is like a mirror.。
~~~~~~~~~~~
探究三 核心句式
~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~
~~
· I believe a beautiful sunset is like a painter’s masterpiece.
我認(rèn)為美麗的日落就像畫家的杰作。
· The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
· I don’t know why he didn’t come to school today.
我不知道他今天為什么沒來(lái)上學(xué)。
歸納拓展
該句結(jié)構(gòu)：主句（主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)）（+ 連接詞）+ 賓語(yǔ)從句（主語(yǔ)+ 系動(dòng)詞+ 表語(yǔ)）。
在謂語(yǔ)是think 時(shí)，有否定前移一說(shuō)，即其否定句是：I don’t think... 注意賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用1: I t that the sky is blue.
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用2: 我認(rèn)為閱讀很有趣。（翻譯句子）
_________________________________________
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用3: 我認(rèn)為朋友之間應(yīng)該總是坦誠(chéng)相待。
__________ __________ __________ __________ should always be honest with each other.
hink
I think that reading is fun.
I think that friends

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