資源簡介

(共26張PPT)
Unit 1 Food for thought
Using language Ⅰ P5
How many modal verbs do you know
can (could)
may (might)
will (would)
shall (should)
must
need
had better...
情態動詞(Modals)表示說話人的某種語氣或者情緒，如：可能，意愿，猜測，義務，需要等。情態動詞本身具有一定的詞義。常見的情態動詞包括can (could), may (might), will (would), shall (should), ought to,had better, must, have to，need, dare, used to等。
本單元主要講情態動詞：be able to, dare, have to, had better, need.
1. 基本特征：
(1)情態動詞不能單獨做謂語，后面接動詞原形；
(2)情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化（be able to，have to除外）
(3)構成否定句時, not放在其后面(don’t have to除外)。
Using language
1 Look at the sentences from the reading passage.
Think and work out the meaning of the words in bold.
a ..I was able to hold a knife and fork -and chopsticks!
b But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother.
c ... Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen!
d ... we'd better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies,...
e "You needn't try it if you don't want to,"Mum said,...
能，能夠
不敢
必須，不得不
最好
不必，沒有必要
Using language
a. be able to
b. dare not
c. have to
d. had better
e. needn’t
1. be afraid to do sth.
2. not be necessary to do sth.
3. give advice to do or not to do sth.
4. be necessary or give strong advice to do sth.
5. have the ability to do something
Match the words in bold with the meanings.
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Underline the modals in the introduction to an app and talk about their meanings.
be afraid to do sth.
not be necessary to do sth.
be necessary to do sth.
have the ability to do sth.
give advice to do sth.
don't have the ability to do sth.
Modals
情態動詞 (1)
情態動詞（Modals）本身具有一定的詞義，不能獨立作謂語，必須和動詞原形一起構成謂語。沒有人稱和數的變化（be able to，have to 除外）
情態動詞表示說話人的某種語氣或情緒，如可能、意愿、猜測、義務、需要等。
常用的情態動詞包括can (could), may (might), will (would), shall (should), must, need, dare, had better, ought to, used to等。
02
Studying the rules
be able to后接動詞原形，表示某人做某事的能力，可用于大多數時態。用于過去時態時，還可以表示“某人過去或當時成功地做了某事”。例如：
I will be able to speak Japanese in another few months.
再過幾個月，我就能講日語了。
They were able to escape from the building when the fire broke out.
火災發生時，他們設法從那棟建筑里逃了出去。
1. be able to
be able to表示“能力”時，和can的用法相似。但也有區別：
be able to有多種時態，如: was / were able to, will / shall be able to, have / has been able to等, 而can只有兩種時態，即can和could。
be able to強調通過努力而獲得的能力，而can則強調自身已具有的能力。如：
Dog can swim.
He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too.
幾小時之后，他也能用英語唱這首歌。
【be able to 與can的辨析】
be able to 強調一種結果，而can只強調一種可能。如:
Luckily, he was able to escape from the big fire in the end.
幸運的是， 他終于逃出了大火。
He could excape from the big fire, but he failed.
要是他早幾小時來，我還能救他。
be able to的否定形式是在be后面直接加not，即be not able to，be able to還可以與某些情態動詞,完成時連用(通常不與can連用)如：
The kid is not able to write.
But we may not be able to do this for every scenario.
Since his accident he hasn’t been able to leave the house.
即學活用 選詞填空(can/could/be able to)
(1)If you have a good sleep, you will __________work out this problem.
(2)When I was young, I _______climb any tree in the woods.
(3)I _____ speak English and French, but I _____ not speak Japanese.
(4)I ___________swim to the bank after the boat turned over.
(5) _____________speak English fluently, he has no difficulty in communicating with
the Americans at the party.
be able to
could
can
can
was able to
Being able to
have to和must的意義相近，只是must側重表示說話人的主觀看法，而have to 則表示客觀需要，如：
I have to learn another language.
我不得不學另一種語言。（客觀情況使得）
I must learn another language.我必須學另一種語言。（說話人的意愿）
have to 的否定形式是don't have to, 相當于needn't，mustn’t表示禁止。
You don’t have to tell others. 你不必告訴別人。
You mustn’t tell others. 你不準告訴別人。
③have to 有人稱、數和時態的變化，如：
They had to speed up, for the weather turned terrible.
因為天氣變糟糕了，他們不得不加快速度。
He has to stay at home because of illness.
因為生病，他不得不呆在家里。
have to 和must
即學活用 完成句子
(1)我還想了解一下學這門課程得付多少錢。
I’d also like to know how much I ____________for the course.
(2)法律規定禁止人們酒后駕車。
The law states that people ______________after drinking alcohol.
(3)無論如何, 我們務必于拂曉前抵達目的地。
We ___________the destination by dawn, rain or shine.
(4)我們不必著急, 因為時間很充裕。
We __________________, for there’s plenty of time.
have to pay
mustn’t drive
must reach
don’t have to hurry
had better 意為“最好”，主要用來表示勸告或建議。用于一般現在時或一般將來時，適用于所有人稱，否定式為had better not。
had better do sth. 最好做某事
had better not do sth. 最好不要做某事
*To make it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
Parents had better not give kids more money than what is necessary.
We’d better not just talk and let’s help them.
即學活用 完成句子
(1)我明白你的意思, 但我們還是最好在做出決定之前仔細考慮一下。
I see your point, but we still ______________________before making a decision.
(2)考慮到他的健康狀況, 我們最好不要讓他去那里。
Given his health condition, we ___________________________.
(3)在我看來, 你最好改變你的旅行計劃, 因為雪太大了。
From my point of view, _________________________________because it is snowing
so heavily.
had better think it over
had better not let him go there
you’d better change your travel plan
2 dare 意為“膽敢，敢于”，既可作情態動詞，又可作實義動詞。
（1）dare 作情態動詞時，沒有人稱和數的變化，但有過去式dared， 后接動詞原形，否定式為dare not/daren’t，多用于否定句或疑問句。
I am so afraid that I dare not move. 我害怕得不敢動。
Dare you tell her the truth 你敢告訴她真相嗎？
She dared not breathe a word of it to anybody.
她對任何人都只字不提此事
（2）dare 作實義動詞時，有時態、人稱和數的變化，后接帶to 的不定式，否定式要在其前加don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。不定式to 在否定句跟疑問句有時可以省略。
I am so afraid that I don’t dare to move. 我害怕得不敢動。
Do you dare to fight him 你敢和他對抗嗎？
He didn’t dare（to） say what he thought. 他不敢說出他的想法。
◆一句多譯
她晚上不敢一個人出去。
（1）　　 　　　 　　　　　　　 　?。╠are 作情態動詞）
（2）　　　　 　 　　　　　 （dare 作實義動詞）
她晚上敢一個人出去嗎？
（3）　　　　　 　　　　　　 　 　　（dare 作情態動詞）
（4）　　　　　 　　　　　　　 （dare 作實義動詞）
She dare not go out alone at night. 　
She doesn’t dare（to）go out alone at night. 　
Dare she go out alone at night 　
Does she dare（to）go out alone at night 　
5 need 意為“需要，有必要”，既可作情態動詞，又可作實義動詞。
（1）need 作情態動詞時，沒有人稱和數的變化，后接動詞原形，常用于否定句或疑問句中，否定式為need not/needn’t，意為“不必”。
You needn’t finish that work today.你不必今天做完這項工作。
Need I pay the whole amount now 我必須現在全部付清嗎？
needn’t have done 表示實際上做了本來不必做的事，意為“本來不必”。
You needn’t have worried about the dinner — it was delicious! 你原本不必為這頓飯擔心的——味道棒極了！
（2）need 作實義動詞時，有人稱和數的變化，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞、帶to 的不定式，用于陳述句、否定句或疑問句中均可，否定式和疑問式要借助助動詞do/does/did。
【誤區警示】
以need 開頭的疑問句，否定回答可用needn’t，肯定回答用must。
以must 開頭的一般疑問句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to。
知識寬一度
dare作實義動詞時, 在否定句、疑問句中不定式符號to也可以省略。
即學活用 單句語法填空
(1)I daren’t _____(say)that. Dare you ____(go)with me
(2)He didn’t dare _________(look) her in the face.
(3)You needn’t _____(talk)to anyone if you don’t want to.
(4)We need ______(be) responsible for our own future.
say
go
(to) look
talk
to be
Production
When we talk about the food, good table manners are much important.
How to lay the table
01
Table manners
02
How to use forks and knives
03
How to behave at the table
04
How to eat
05
How to toast and drink
While going on your first trip to the UK is exciting, new and different customs can also be confusing. Table manners are no exception. But don’t worry - here are some tips:
You _______ wait until everyone else has been
served before you start eating.
Sometimes there are so many knives and forks that you _______ pick them up in case you get it wrong. The trick is to start with the ones on the outside.
Complete the tips for good table manners with the correct form of the modals in Activity 1.
have to
dare not
When you finish your meal, you _________ place the knife and fork together on your plate with the handles at the four o’ clock position.
Table manners, however, can differ in different
situations. For example, you ______ use a knife and
fork when eating a hamburger or pizza. Just remember:
when in Rome, do as the Romans do, and you will ________ enjoy the local cuisine!
Complete the tips for good table manners with the correct form of the modals in Activity 1.
had better
needn’t
be able to
How do we deal with the differences between British and Chinese table manners
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

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