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匯報人：
Learning About Language--Grammar
UNIT 3 FASCINATING PARKS
In this class, you will
recognize and summarize the function and meaning of the –ing form as the subject;
use the –ing form as the subject to describe a place in writing.
Aims
單元語法動名詞作主語
（1）一般式
動名詞的一般式所表示的動作或狀態與謂語動詞所表示的動作或狀態同時發生或發生在謂語動詞之后。
My daughter enjoys playing video games. 我的女兒喜歡玩電子游戲。
（2）完成式
動名詞的完成式所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。
Having ever travelled to that beautiful city has made him want to travel there again.
曾經去那座美麗的城市旅游使他想再次去那兒旅行。
（3）完成進行式
動名詞的完成進行式表示其動作在謂語動詞之前已經開始，一直持續到謂語動詞發生時為止，且有可能仍在繼續。
Forgive me for my having been troubling you. 原諒我一直在打擾你。
（4）否定式
其否定式是在其前加not。
I’m sorry for not finishing my task on time.抱歉我沒按時完成我的任務。
（5）被動式
Being asked to finish so much homework made him unhappy.被要求完成這么多家庭作業使他不高興。
單句語法填空
（1）［詞匯復現］_____________（obtain） first prize is our goal.
（2）_____________（listen） to music can make us happy.
（3）_____________（invite） to the party is a great honour for the whole family.
（4）_____________（live） there for ten years makes him familiar with everything around.
（5）Not _____________（finish）the task on time made him unhappy.
（6）_____________（catch） the first bus means getting up at five o’clock.
（7）_____________（take） care of the old in the Home Care Center completely changed my life.
（8）［詞匯復現］_____________（help） those in need is rewarding.
（9）_____________（criticise） before the whole class made me feel embarrassed.
（10）_____________（win） the gold medal in the Olympic Games made her famous overnight.
（11）_____________（translate） the English poem into Chinese is a difficult task.
Obtaining
Listening
Being invited
Having lived
finishing
Catching
Taking
Helping
Being criticised
Having won
Translating
2 動名詞作主語
動名詞作主語時，多表示經常性、習慣性的動作。單個動名詞短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
Traveling a lot is a good way to help people become knowledgeable.
經常旅行是幫助人們變得知識淵博的好方法。
Helping others means helping ourselves.幫助別人意味著幫助我們自己。
單句語法填空
（1）_____________（watch） the children playinghappily at the beach is fun.
（2）_____________（climb） the tallest mountain in the world is really a great challenge to many people.
（3）_____________（eat） vegetables does good to our health，but some kids don’t like them.
Watching
Climbing
Eating
3 it 作形式主語
it 作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動名詞，主要用于下列句型中：
It be no use/useless doing... 做……無用。
It be no good/pleasure/fun doing... 做……無好處/ 樂趣。
It be a waste of time doing... 做……浪費時間。
It be worth/worthwhile doing... 做……是值得的。
It is no use crying when you have made a mistake.
犯了錯誤哭泣是無用的。
It is no good making friends with those addicted to playing video games.
和那些沉迷于玩電子游戲的人交朋友沒好處。
單句語法填空
（1）It’s no pleasure _____________（watch） the football match alone.
（2）It is useless _____________（complain）. What you need to do now is to correct your mistakes.
（3）It is a waste of time _____________（play）video games.
watching
complaining
playing
4 動名詞的復合結構
動名詞的復合結構由“名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞+ 動名詞”構成，名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞是動名詞的邏輯主語。動名詞的復合結構在句中可作主語或賓語。
Tom’s coming made me happy. 湯姆的到來使我很高興。
His coming made me happy. 他的到來讓我很高興。
單句語法填空
（1）［詞匯復現］Their _____________（resist） doesn’t make any sense.
（2）Peter’s _____________（join） helped us finish the work on schedule.
resisting
joining
5 動名詞與不定式作主語的區別
動名詞作主語，表示比較抽象的一般行為，不定式作主語表示具體的或一次性的動作。
Singing is my hobby，and to sing on TV is my dream.
唱歌是我的愛好，在電視上唱歌是我的夢想。
單句語法填空
（1）_____________（run） is not only beneficial to our health but also friendly to the environment.
（2）It is bad manners _____________（talk） loudly in public places.
Running　
to talk
Getting here is quite difficult.
Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive.
subject in the –ing form
+ verb
Activity 1: Observe the sentences.
Sarek National Park
—Europe’s Hidden Natural Treasure
A Summer Where the Sun Never Sleeps
I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.
Activity 2: Find sentences with the –ing form as the subject from the text.
Sarek National Park
—Europe’s Hidden Natural Treasure
A Land of Mountains and Ice
Getting here is quite difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek.
Sarek National Park
—Europe’s Hidden Natural Treasure
Man at Peace with Nature
For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami.
Sarek National Park
—Europe’s Hidden Natural Treasure
A Land of Adventure
Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive.
用法總結
動詞ing形式作主語一般直接放在句首，謂語動詞用單數。 Telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.
For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami.
Example
It is challenging yet fascinating to hike through the mountains in the pathless Sarek. →
To hike through the mountains in the pathless Sarek is challenging yet really fascinating. →
Hiking through the mountains in the pathless Sarek is challenging yet really fascinating.
Page 29, Activity 2
Activity 3: Rewrite the sentences using the –ing form.
It is both challenging and rewarding to study abroad.→
It would hardly be possible to go on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter due to the extreme cold. →
Going on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter would hardly be possible due to the extreme cold.
Studying abroad
is both challenging and rewarding.
Activity 3: Rewrite the sentences using the –ing form.
Page 29, Activity 2
Honestly, it can be both exciting and terrifying to explore a vast unknown land. →
It is good to adopt a positive attitude, even when things are difficult. →
Honestly, exploring a vast unknown land can be both exciting and terrifying.
Adopting a positive attitude is good, even when things are difficult.
Page 29, Activity 2
Activity 3: Rewrite the sentences using the –ing form.
It is strongly advised to hire local guides, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history. →
Hiring local guides is strongly advised, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history.
Page 29, Activity 2
用法總結
it作形式主語與動詞ing形式作主語的區別：
（1）It is both challenging and rewarding to study abroad.
it作形式主語，不定式作主語后置時，句子側重表語部分，強調行為的特征、狀態以及給人的感受。
（2）Studying abroad is both challenging and rewarding.
動詞-ing形式作主語時，句子側重于主語，強調行為本身的具體內容，使句子更加生動。
1. is a very popular sport in northern China. What other winter sports do you know
2. over spilled milk will not help you much. What helps, though
3. English is quite interesting for me. What is interesting for you
4.Just homework is not enough to get a good grade. What else do you need to do
5. a high GPA （grade point average） will make it easier for you to enter a university What else will also help
6. on a phone while driving is illegal. What else is prohibited
Activity 4: Complete the sentences with the –ing form of the verbs in the box.
cry finish talk learn ski get
Skiing
Crying
Learning
finishing
Getting
　
Talking
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