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(共17張PPT)
Using language
定語(yǔ)從句-關(guān)系副詞
Unit 5
Review：
先行詞
關(guān)系代詞
定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句？
1. We prefer to make friends (who share our interests).
2. She is the one that he longs to see again.
Review：
friends
定語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的句子，它主要用于修飾句子中的 ，位于被修飾的名詞和代詞 。
翻譯為 ，作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè) 詞。
“...的”
先行詞
關(guān)系詞
定語(yǔ)從句
the one
that
名詞和代詞
之后
結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句的其它部分
形容
主
謂
賓
Review：
關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系代詞
who, whom, whose, that, which
在從句中充當(dāng) 和定語(yǔ)。
主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)
先行詞
關(guān)系詞
定語(yǔ)從句
不完整
句子中缺少主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)
I know the man who is crying in the car.
關(guān)系代詞 指人/物 在定從句中充當(dāng)什么成分
that
which
who
whom
whose
賓語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)+n.
人、物
人、物
主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)
物
主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)
人
主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)
人
Review：
1. Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the question.
1. What do "where", "when" and "why" refer to in each sentence
a. Eventually, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter.
b. The solution... comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.
c. Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling.
Oh, she must be the reason why God made a girl
噢，她就是上帝制造女孩的原因
1. 關(guān)系詞的分類
關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系副詞
where, when, why
在從句中充當(dāng) 。
狀語(yǔ)
先行詞
關(guān)系詞
定語(yǔ)從句
完整（即不缺主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等）
可補(bǔ)充狀語(yǔ)
I want to know the place where I was born.
My grandfather often tells stories about the time when he was a soldier and fought in the war.
2.關(guān)系副詞when的用法：
先行詞
關(guān)系副詞
先行詞 關(guān)系副詞 定語(yǔ)從句完整
Day, year ,minutes （表示時(shí)間的先行詞） when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
in /at /on/ during +which
從句成分完整（不缺主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等）
We finally arrived at the village where my ancestors lived for generations.
2.關(guān)系副詞where的用法
注意：一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞：“point, condition, situation, case, state”作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞用where。
先行詞
關(guān)系副詞
從句成分完整（不缺主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等）
先行詞 關(guān)系副詞 定語(yǔ)從句完整
Day, year ,minutes （表示時(shí)間的先行詞） when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
Park stage, point where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
in /at /on/ +which
She never explained the real reason why she suddenly quit her high-paying job and moved to a small coastal town to start a bakery.
3.關(guān)系副詞why的用法
先行詞
關(guān)系副詞
先行詞 關(guān)系副詞 定語(yǔ)從句完整
Day, year ,minutes （表示時(shí)間的先行詞） when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
Park stage, point （表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞） where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
reason 原因 why 原因狀語(yǔ)
for+which
從句成分完整（不缺主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等）
4.總結(jié)
5. 關(guān)系詞的選擇
關(guān)系詞
先行詞
關(guān)系詞
定語(yǔ)從句
不完整
句子中缺少主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)
完整
可補(bǔ)充狀語(yǔ)
關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系副詞
1．第一步：確定是定語(yǔ)從句
2．第二步：分清限制與非限制。
3．第三步：尋找先行詞，判斷屬性: 指人還是指物，表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是原因。
4．第四步：判斷從句中所缺成分，確定關(guān)系詞
(1)缺少主語(yǔ)：that/which/who；
(2)缺少賓語(yǔ)：that/which/who/whom；
(3)缺少定語(yǔ)：whose；
(4)缺少時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分別用when, where, why。
6. 練習(xí)
This is the place _____________ we visited last time.
This is the place _____________ we visited the equipment設(shè)備 last time.
I still remember the time __________ we spend together.
I still remember the time __________ we first met each other.
This is the reason __________ she gave me.
This is the reason __________ she cried.
(
)
定語(yǔ)從句不完整，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，指物
that/which
(
)
定語(yǔ)從句完整，缺狀語(yǔ)，指地點(diǎn)
where
(
)
定語(yǔ)從句不完整，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，指物
that/which
(
)
定語(yǔ)從句完整，缺狀語(yǔ)，指時(shí)間
when
(
(
)
定語(yǔ)從句不完整，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，指物
that/which
)
定語(yǔ)從句完整，缺狀語(yǔ)，指原因
why
2. Read the passage and underline the words that where, when and why refer to.
In April 2017, two giant pandas from China arrived at a zoo in the Netherlands. There, they were welcomed to the Chinese-style compound where they were to live. On 30 May, after the preparations were complete, the day finally came when the pandas met their fans for the first time. People were excited - the zoo is the only place in the country where it is possible to see pandas. In fact, the last time there were pandas in the Netherlands was in 1987. And of course, the main reason why they were so excited is that pandas are just so cute.
3. Complete the email with where, when or why.
where
when
why
where
“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了使關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的關(guān)系更加密切，通常用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果指“人”, 用“介詞+whom”; 如果指“物”, 用“介詞+which”。
一、關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇的原則
　　介詞的選擇可以總結(jié)為: “一先、二動(dòng)、三意義”。
1. 一先, 即先看先行詞, 從先行詞入手。介詞往往和先行詞構(gòu)成固定搭配。(比如時(shí)間常和on, in, by搭配; 地點(diǎn)常用on, in, at; 原因用for; 方式用in, by, with等)
This is the house in which ( where) the inventor lived. In the house
He will never forget the day on which he failed in the exam. On the day
The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone. With the money
2. 二動(dòng), 即看從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配選擇合適的介詞。
This is the good car on which I spent all my money. spend money on the car
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. Be famous for
She is the teacher to whom all his students show respect. Show respect to
3. 三意義: 通過(guò)判斷主句表達(dá)的全部意義來(lái)確定合適的介詞。
My computer, without which I can’t surf the Internet, broke down yesterday.
昨天我的電腦壞了, 沒(méi)有它我不能網(wǎng)上沖浪。
Air, without which human can’t live, is really important. without air

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