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(共25張PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Restrictive relative clause
Learning Ability: Learn to use attributive clause to describe some people and things freely;
Thinking Quality: Be able to analyze the context and choose suitable relative pronoun and relative adverb ;
Learning Objectives
這個男人是杰克船長。
這個男人正在奔跑。
這個正在奔跑的男人是杰克船長。
The man is Captain Jack.
The man is running.
The man who is running is Captain Jack.
先行詞
關系代詞
Lead-in
1.在主從復合句中，對某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。
2.關系詞分為：
（1）關系代詞(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)
（2）關系副詞(when，where，why等)
3.定語從句一般位于先行詞后。
4.先行詞+關系詞+從句
Study the rules
什么是定語從句？
關系 代詞 指代 在定語從句中所充當的成分 人 物 主語 賓語 定語
who
whom
which
that
whose















關系代詞在從句中做主語時不能省略，做賓語時可以省略
The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.
The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the world.
Mr. Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
2) The terrible shaking of the building woke up all
the people _____ were asleep.
3) The next day, people put up shelters in the open
air using anything ____ they could find.
Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or “/”. Then translate the sentences into Chinese. P52.Ex.2
1) Here are some of the people ______homes
were destroyed by the typhoon.
whose
who
that
這里一些人的房子被臺風摧毀了。
劇烈震動的建筑物使所有熟睡的人都驚醒了。
第二天，人們在戶外用他們能找到的任何東西搭起了庇護所。
5) The injured boy ________ mother was lost in
the disaster was taken to the hospital.
4) Several days later, most of the buildings ____
had been damaged by the hurricane were
repaired.
that
幾天后，大部分被颶風毀壞的建筑物都修復了。
whose
那個受傷男孩的母親在災難中喪生，他被送去了醫院。
6) The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier
by _____ she was rescued.
whom
這名婦女給救助她的士兵寫了一封感謝信。
7) Is this the young boy _____ saved several other
students trapped under buildings
who
這就是把幾個困在建筑物下面的學生解救出來的男孩吧？
關系代詞只用who的情況
1) 當先行詞是指人的不定代詞時，如 one, ones, anyone, no one，
nobody, anybody, none, all等時。
eg. Is there anyone in your class who is good at singing
2) 當先行詞是 he, they，persons，people，those等時。
eg. Persons who support my plan put up your hands.
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
3) 先行詞表人，在非限制性定語從句中。
eg. I want him, who knows some English and French.
4）在there be結構中，先行詞指人時。
eg. There is a young lady who is sing a song.
1 )當先行詞是all，little，much，none，everything，anything，nothing 等代詞時。2）當先行詞前面有the only，the very，the last等修飾時。
3）當序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾先行詞時。
4）當先行詞前面有only，all，any，no等修飾時。
5）當主句是以疑問詞who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時。
6）先行詞既有人又有物時。
關系代詞只用that的情況
區分：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 根據定語從句與先行詞關系的密切程度，定語從句可以分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句，二者在用法和形式上的區別如下：
區分點 限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句
限制程度 對先行詞起修飾限定作用，不可或缺，去掉后對主句意思有影響 對先行詞或主句起補充說明作用，去掉后主句意思仍然完整
句子結構 先行詞與從句之間沒有逗號 先行詞與從句之間有逗號分開
翻譯方式 多譯成前置定語 多譯成并列句
關系詞的省略 作賓語的關系代詞可以省略 任何關系詞均不可省略，且不可用that
先行詞的不同 先行詞不可以是整個主句 先行詞可以是整個主句
Practice: 課本 P56.
The people_________live in Wenchuan county will never forget the day 12 May 2008. The 8.0-magnitude earthquake_________killed over 80,000 people and left many more injured turned many towns and counties into ruins. The rescue work ___________followed was carried out by people from all over the country, and even abroad.
Now, more than 10 years on, the people___________suffered the earthquake are living a new life. Many live in new towns _________are earthquake-safe, in local communities _________have been beautifully rebuilt by the government. The people will never forget those _________rescued them and helped them rebuild their home. Out of gratitude, many young adults ________were students during the earthquake have chosen to study medicine or join the army in a wish to help more people.Wenchuan, the county ___________was completely destroyed and then completely rebuilt, has become a symbol of the Chinese spirit of never giving up.
who
which/that
who
who
which/that
which/that
which/that
which/that
who
優秀課件，精彩無限！關系副詞先行詞在從句中的成分when時間時間狀語where地點地點狀語whyreason原因狀語關系副詞引導的定語從句 1.when
I will never forget those days___________ we had great fun.
when
先行詞是表時間的名詞（time,day,week,month,year,etc.）
且【插入的部分】 在定語從句中作時間狀語；
2.where
This is our school_________we study and make friends. .
where
先行詞是表地點的名詞(place, room, home, street, town, city, country, etc.)
且【插入的部分】 在定語從句中作地點狀語；
eg.
I was trapped in an awkward atmosphere(一個尷尬的氣氛)___________ my shorts was broken.
注意：當先行詞為抽象地點時
where
抽象地點有：situation（處境）、case（情況）、stage（階段）、atmosphere（氣氛）、occasion（場合）等
3.why
③I can't believe the reason ____________ he was late.
why
先行詞是reason；（只能是reason）
且【插入的部分】 在定語從句中作原因狀語；
1. It was a time when people were divided geographically.
2. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3. There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.
4. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
Practice
課本P64
When I started studying German, it was a struggle. The words felt strange on my tongue, and the grammar would not stay in my head. I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country ______ German was spoken. My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future. lt was exercise for the brain;
where
n.舌頭;語言
vi.&n.斗爭;搏斗
課本P64
the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow. And I remember that day _______ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. It felt like my brain had doubled in size. I had finally come to a place ______ I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view, I felt as if I had reached the goal _________ I had been fighting for. I could open a book and see meanings, not just a sea of words. I finally understood the reason _______ my mum had encouraged me not to give up. Thanks, Mum!
when
which/that
where
why
觀點;看法
定語從句解題四步驟
1. 找出先行詞
2. 把先行詞代入從句中
3. 分析先行詞在定語從句中的成分（做主語、賓語、定語或狀語？）
4. 選擇合適的關系詞替換進去。
一找 二代 三分析 四選擇
缺句子主要成分,用關系代詞；不缺成分，作狀語用關系副詞
關系副詞與關系代詞的區分
1.The reason ________ I am unhappy is that I miss my hometown
2. I once lived in the mountain ______ the scenery is very beautiful .
3. I will never forget the time _______ My friends and I played happily.
4.The student ____________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.
5. I know the person ________ company produces new machine
why
where
when
who/that
whose
Practice:
6. The house ____________we’re going to visit was built a century ago.
The house ______________used to be a temple is a school now.
The house _______ he used to live was flooded.
7.A bookstore is a place_______ you can get books.
A bookstore is a place _______ books are sold.
A bookstore is a place _____________ sells books.
that/which
that/which
where
that/which
where
where
Summary
Thank You!

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